Relevant bibliographies by topics / European integration – Denmark

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'European integration – Denmark'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "European integration – Denmark"

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Cajvan, Claudia. "Lessons From Migrant Integration Into European Societies." European View 19, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685820913391.

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The article examines the immigration and integration policies of France, Sweden, Germany and Denmark. It argues that there is a need for a more unified understanding of the concept of integration throughout the member states. Although European law does not regulate the issue of immigrant integration as it is a competence of the member states, there is a need for a unified understanding of integration. Denmark’s integration policy is described as an example of an effective policy that ought to be emulated, in contrast to those of other countries. The article concludes that the problems France, Sweden and Germany face in integrating newcomers are partly due to a lack of consensus about what integration ought to be.
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Leśniewski, Leszek. "Integracja gospodarcza Danii, Finlandii i Szwecji z Unią Europejską." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 1 (December 5, 2015): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2015.1.10.

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This paper explores economic integration of the Scandinavian states (Denmark, Finland and Sweden) with the European Union during the global crisis. The aim of this paper is to present comparative study of different choices made by these countries with regard to the European integration: EMU opt – out clause in Denmark, membership of Finland in the European Monetary Union and derogation for Sweden – and as result different reaction to the financial and economic crises
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HAAHR, JENS HENRIK. "European Integration and the Left in Britain and Denmark." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 30, no. 1 (March 1992): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1992.tb00419.x.

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MARCUSSEN, MARTIN. "Denmark and european monetary integration: Out but far from over." Journal of European Integration 27, no. 1 (March 2005): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07036330400029918.

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JØRGENSEN, KNUD ERIK. "Review Article: European Integration as a Field of Study in Denmark." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 33, no. 1 (March 1995): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1995.tb00522.x.

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Groenendijk, Kees. "Pre-departure Integration Strategies in the European Union: Integration or Immigration Policy?" European Journal of Migration and Law 13, no. 1 (2011): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181611x558191.

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AbstractSeveral States require immigrants from outside the EU to participate in language or integration courses after arrival. In recent years, some EU Member States made passing a language test (Netherlands and Germany) or participating in a language course (France) a condition for a visa for family reunification for immigrants from certain third countries. Denmark and the UK introduced a similar requirement in 2010. The focus of his article is on three aspects: the political debate, the legal constraints and the effects. Firstly, the development of the pre-departure integration strategies is analyzed. What was the rationale behind the introduction and does is vary between Member States? Secondly, the legal constraints of EU and international law are discussed. Finally, the results of the first studies evaluating this policy instrument are presented. Is pre-departure a good predictor for immigrant’s ability to integrate? Does it actually assist integration, and what are the unexpected or counterproductive effects?
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Olsen, Henrik Palmer, and Michael Gøtze. "Restrained Integration of European Case Reports in Danish Legal Information Systems and Culture." Nordic Journal of International Law 80, no. 3 (2011): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x581173.

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AbstractCourt decisions not only serve to end legal disputes between the parties to the case, but also serve as precedents. In that sense court decisions are a source of law. This is common ground as to both national and European court decisions. Noting the existence of a context in which Danish legal information systems only publish case reports very selectively, we argue that although decisions of the European courts, notably European Court of Justice and European Court of Human Rights, are available from the homepages of these courts (CURIA and HUDOC), the fact that these decisions are not part of an integrated dissemination of case reports in Denmark may diminish the regard for these decisions and lead to a relative neglect of European law to the detriment of legal certainty. The article proposes that one explanatory factor in this regard is that the main legal information system in Denmark is influenced by a legal culture which is still predominantly national in orientation. In order to promote awareness of European case law and to improve the quality of legal thinking and practice, we propose that significant parts of this case law should be published in a more suitable way by incorporating it into a comprehensive information system that integrates the promulgation of Danish and European case law.
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Moravcsik, Andrew. "'Is something rotten in the state of Denmark?' Constructivism and European integration." Journal of European Public Policy 6, no. 4 (January 1999): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135017699343531.

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Butler, Graham. "The European Defence Union and Denmark’s Defence Opt-out: A Legal Appraisal." European Foreign Affairs Review 25, Issue 1 (March 1, 2020): 117–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2020008.

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When Denmark failed to ratify the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992, the heads of state and government meeting within the European Council concluded the Edinburgh Decision that established a number of opt-outs for Denmark, so it could subsequently ratify the treaty. One of these opt-outs was in regard to EU defence matters. Nearly three decades on, the Union is now seeing concrete steps being made across the treaties to deliver on a true European Defence Union. Given these developments, the Danish defence opt-out is coming under increased scrutiny. This article analyses the law, policy, and practice of the Danish defence opt-out contained in Article 5 of Protocol (No 22) on the position of Denmark annexed to the EU treaties, in light of the litany of initiatives that now make up the contemporary European Defence Union. Notably, these developments underscore and rationalize the basis of the EU’s internal market for deeper European integration. Moreover, with only one Member State possessing such opt-out, it is arguably detrimental to overall EU defence interests. This article contends that the time has come for Denmark to forgo its defence opt-out – a legacy of the past – and participate in the complete range of initiatives contributing to these new endeavours that form the contemporary European Defence Union. Denmark, Common Security and Defence Policy, CSDP, Opt-out, EU law, Union law, Protocols, Security Law, European Defence Union.
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ANDERSON, CHRISTOPHER J. "When in Doubt, Use Proxies." Comparative Political Studies 31, no. 5 (October 1998): 569–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414098031005002.

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This article argues that citizens employ proxies rooted in attitudes about domestic politics when responding to survey questions about the European integration process. It develops a model of public opinion toward European integration based on attitudes toward the political system, the incumbent government, and establishment parties. With the help of data from Eurobarometer 34.0, the study tests political and economic models of public support for membership in the European Union in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Portugal. The analyses show that system and establishment party support are the most powerful determinants of support for membership in the European Union. The results also suggest that the relationship between economic factors and support previously reported in research on public opinion toward European integration is likely to be mediated by domestic political attitudes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "European integration – Denmark"

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FitzGibbon, John. "Eurosceptic protest movements : a comparative analysis between Ireland, the UK, Estonia and Denmark." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39671/.

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The aim of this thesis is to add to the growing literature on Euroscepticism by providing an in-depth comparative study of groups in civil society that actively campaign against European integration in Denmark, Estonia, Ireland and the United Kingdom. This study labels these groups as ‘Eurosceptic Protest Movements' (EPMs). Five explanatory factors drawn from the literature on Euroscepticism and social movements are used to ask the research question of why EPMs are formed. These are namely, Euroscepticism in the party system, the number of referendums in each case study, the availability of resources, the openness of the policy making process, and the perceived pro-EU bias of the media. Empirically it proceeds on a case by case basis, providing an in-depth account of each state's relationship with the EU from party system, public opinion, referendums to case specific factors to allow for an appreciation of the environment in which EPMs are formed. Data is gathered primarily from interviews with the founders and both current and former members of EPMs, with additional information coming from EPM documents, referendum manifestos and posters. Contextual information is provided by interviews with academics, journalists and pro-European activists, and secondary literature in EU studies and social movements. The thesis comes to two key conclusions. Firstly, in relation to the literature on social movements, EPMs conform strongly to the political opportunity structure paradigm in that body of work. More specifically is the importance of referendums to EPM formation, an element of the political opportunity structure that has not been researched in relation to social movements. Secondly, with regard to Euroscepticism the thesis concluded that EPMs emerge because of a lack of available space for contestation on the EU issue and the inability of political parties to act as an interlocutor between the electorate and the EU.
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Babo, Thiago. "Uma alternativa nórdica à Europa? Uma análise da política externa e de segurança da Dinamarca." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-10062015-153001/.

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A Dinamarca possui, sem dúvida alguma, uma das políticas mais excepcionais em relação à Europa integrada. Desde os primórdios da integração europeia, no início dos anos 50, o país demonstrou um forte ceticismo e, para alguns, um forte receio com a ideia de uma Europa unida. Mesmo após sua incorporação à Comunidade Europeia, no início dos anos 70, a Dinamarca se posicionou como membro de uma outra comunidade, a nórdica, e que, dessa forma, seu papel na Comunidade Europeia consistia em criar uma ponte entre estas duas comunidades. Era de comum entendimento entre as elites do país, bem como por grande parte da sociedade civil, que a integração europeia representava valores típicos da Europa continental que, por sua vez, conflitavam com os valores nórdicos. O excepcionalismo dinamarquês manteve-se mesmo após o término da Guerra Fria, quando, em 1993, o Governo do país compreendeu, em seu Livro Branco, que a União Europeia seria o principal fórum internacional para a promoção dos valores e interesses da Dinamarca, mas devido a uma recusa popular em aceitar o Tratado que Estabelecia a União Europeia, o país estipulou a existência de quatro ressalvas formais os opt-outs às políticas europeias, entre aquelas mais sensíveis à soberania nacional. Inúmeras hipóteses foram levantadas na tentativa de compreender tal peculiaridade, entre estas, destacamos a existência de uma percepção mantida tanto pela elite política do país, como por parte da sociedade civil, de uma alternativa nórdica à Europa. Dessa forma, a relutância dinamarquesa com o processo europeu de integração poderia ser compreendido pelo desejo do país em se inserir em um outro processo de integração, somente entre os países nórdicos. Tendo em vista tal entendimento, esta pesquisa, através de uma abordagem sociológico-histórica, tem por objetivo compreender em que medida a percepção de uma alternativa nórdica à Europa impactou na construção do, então chamado, dilema de integração dinamarquês, ou seja, desta posição relutante desenvolvida pelo país em relação à Comunidade Europeia / União Europeia. Para colaborar, iremos analisar a questão nórdica no desenvolvimento da política externa e de segurança da Dinamarca. Argumentaremos que embora nem sempre tenha sido apresentado como uma alternativa real, a questão nórdica demonstra-se de extrema importância para compreender a posição dinamarquesa na Europa.
Denmark has, without doubt, one of the most exceptional policies towards Europe. From the beginning of European integration in the early 50s the country has demonstrated a strong skepticism and, for some, a strong concern with the idea of a united Europe. Even after her incorporation into the European Community in the early 70s, Denmark has positioned herself as a member of another community, the Nordic one, and, therefore, the Danish role in the European Community was to \'build bridges\' between these two communities. It was a common understanding among the Danish elites, and to a large part of civil society, that European integration represented typical values of the \'continental Europe\' which, in turn, were in conflict with the Nordic values. The Danish exceptionalism remained even after the end of the Cold War, when in 1993 the Danish government understood in its White Paper that the European Union would be the main international forum for the promotion of Danish values and interest, but due to a popular refusal to accept the Treaty that established the European Union, the government stipulated the existence of four formal reservations - the opt-outs to European policies, among those most sensitive to national sovereignty. Several hypotheses have been raised in an attempt to understand this peculiarity, among these, we can highlight the existence of a perception both by the political elite of the country as by civil society of a Nordic alternative to Europe. Thus, the Danish reluctance to the European integration process could be understood by the country\'s desire to be part in another integration process, among the Nordic countries. Therefore, through a historical sociological approach, this research seeks to understand to what extent the perception of a Nordic alternative to Europe impacted on the construction of the so called \'Danish integration dilemma, i.e. in this reluctant position developed by the country towards the European Community / European Union. To this end, we will examine the Nordic question in the development of the Danish Foreign and Security Policy. We will argue that although it has not always been presented as a real alternative, the Nordic question can be seen as a very important factor to understand the Danish position in Europe.
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Sršeň, Radim. "Aktuální problémy dánské zahraniční politiky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2005. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71837.

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Nation State vs. European Integration: Specific Approach of the Kingdom of Denmark ------------------------------------ The doctoral thesis analyses specific approach of Denmark to the European integration process, with focus on the analysis of the public opinion, operationalised by the concept of public euroscepticism. Firstly, the thesis strives do define convenient model of typology of public euroscepticism, able to describe its intensity and different forms. Secondly, case study of Denmark as a pure example of a small nation state is applied to this model. Firstly, the case study describes basic pillars of the Danish society, as the perception of the nation state, economic model of the welfare state, political system etc. Furthermore it analyses political and public debates before the "European" referendums and in relation to other milestones and priorities of the Danish EC/EU membership. Special attention is given to the analysis of Danish opt-outs of the Treaty of Maastricht, its causes, consequences and future. The outcomes of the analysis are used together with Eurobarometer surveys to define the typology of Danish public euroscepticism and its development. It is characterized as soft and sovereignty-based with decreasing tendency. It is true to say that especially the perception of the state sovereignty and national identity within Denmark, i.e. other small nation states, as a consequence of the nation state concept, is one of the main factors influencing its approach to the European integration quite significantly.
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SORENSEN, Anders Thornvig. "Denmark, the Netherlands and European agricultural integration, 1945-1960." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/9468.

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Defence date: 29 September 2008
Examining Board: Prof. Giovanni Federico (European University Institute, Supervisor); Prof. Kiran K. Patel (European University Institute); Prof. Richard Griffiths (Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden); Prof. Johnny Laursen (Aarhus Universitet)
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RASMUSSEN, Morten. "Joining the European Communities : Denmark's road to EC-membership, 1961-73." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5953.

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Defence date: 7 June 2004
Examining Board: Prof. Alan S. Milward (supervisor) ; Prof. Pascaline Winand ; Prof. Hans Otto Frøland ; Prof. Johnny Laursen
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Books on the topic "European integration – Denmark"

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Lise, Lyck, ed. Denmark and EC membership evaluated. London: Pinter, 1992.

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B, Olesen Thorsten, ed. Interdependence versus integration. [Odense]: Odense University Press, 1995.

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Gaonkar, Anna Meera, Astrid Sophie Ost Hansen, Hans Christian Post, and Moritz Schramm, eds. Postmigration. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839448403.

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The concept of »postmigration« has recently gained importance in the context of European societies' obsession with migration and integration along with emerging new forms of exclusion and nationalisms. This book introduces ongoing debates on the developing concept of »postmigration« and how it can be applied to arts and culture. While the concept has mainly gained traction in the cultural scene in Berlin, Germany, the contributions expand the field of study by attending to cultural expressions in literature, theatre, film, and art across various European societies, such as the United Kingdom, France, Finland, Denmark, and Germany. By doing so, the contributions highlight this concept's potential and show how it can offer new perspectives on transformations caused by migration.
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Souveränität oder Integration?: Die Europapolitik Dänemarks und Norwegens von 1945 bis 1995. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1999.

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Denmark and the European Union. Routledge, 2013.

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Miles, Lee, and Anders Wivel. Denmark and the European Union. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Miles, Lee, and Anders Wivel. Denmark and the European Union. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Miles, Lee, and Anders Wivel. Denmark and the European Union. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Thomsen, Birgit Nuchel. The Odd Man Out: Denmark and European Integration 1948-1992. Univ Pr of Southern Denmark, 1993.

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Denmark and the European Union Europe and the Nation State. Routledge, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "European integration – Denmark"

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Chang, Michele. "The European Union without EMU: the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden and the accession countries." In Monetary Integration in the European Union, 160–91. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01883-0_7.

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Maggini, Nicola. "Between Numbers and Political Drivers: What Matters in Policy-Making." In IMISCOE Research Series, 19–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67284-3_2.

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AbstractThis chapter aims to investigate whether (restrictive) policy measures on migration across seven European countries (the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Switzerland and the UK) are better explained by political factors, rather than the actual number of migrants/refugees/asylum seekers, their integration process or the effective European societies’ demographic and economic needs, within each national context. The analysis shows, indeed, that restrictive legislative and policy measures on immigration and integration issues seem to be not justified by the reality of immigration in the selected European countries. Conversely, these restrictive measures can be explained by some relevant political factors: prevalence of negative attitudes towards immigration among European citizens and salience of the immigration issue; electoral relevance of populist radical-right parties who mostly mobilized on immigration issues and significant diffusion of their authoritarian/traditionalist/nationalist positions within each country’s party system. These data confirm that citizens’ perceptions and party systems’ features are closely related phenomena, which influence one another and are all key factors that need to be considered to explain the law and policy-making of recent years on immigration issues.
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Pedersen, Klaus Carsten. "Denmark." In Integration and Security in Wester Europe, 117–24. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429042331-8.

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Wivel, Anders. "As Awkward as They Need to Be: Denmark’s Pragmatic Activist Approach to Europe." In Nordic States and European Integration, 13–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57562-9_2.

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Groes, Nils. "Structural Shifts? Sketches of the Regional Economic Development in Denmark." In Spatial Change and Interregional Flows in the Integrating Europe, 3–12. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57552-5_1.

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Thygesen, Niels. "Denmark and European Integration." In The Challenge of Globalization and Institution Building, 87–105. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429309359-4.

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"Greenland projecting sovereignty – Denmark protecting sovereignty away." In European Integration and Postcolonial Sovereignty Games, 237–54. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203076842-23.

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"The first enlargement: UK, Ireland and Denmark." In The Enlargement and Integration of the European Union, 33–55. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203195871-7.

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Segers, Mathieu. "At home in the Basel biotope (1968-1974)." In The Netherlands and European Integration, 1950 to Present. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728133_ch06.

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In 1973, the United Kingdom finally became a member of the European Community, together with Denmark and Ireland. This meant the beginning of the end of any serious ambition to develop the political dimension of European integration beyond the status quo. At the same time, the integration process faced new challenges posed by the collapse of the Bretton Woods system. The Netherlands was on the brink of embarking on its happiest period in post-war Western Europe. The ‘new’ European integration that had emerged from the ashes of Bretton Woods, and would include the United Kingdom, became increasingly instrumental, focusing on the market and the management of international financial-economic and monetary affairs: things the Dutch felt they were good at.
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Segers, Mathieu. "Prologue: Dinner in Laeken (1989)." In The Netherlands and European Integration, 1950 to Present. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728133_prol.

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The period immediately following the fall of the Berlin Wall is key to studying the Netherlands’ role in European integration. After a brief moment of paralysing doubt, this unbelievable turnaround was celebrated as a victory after Europe’s horrific recent history. But when the dust began to settle, the Netherlands found itself in an uneasy position. The Treaty of Maastricht (1992) made German unification and European integration ‘two sides of the same coin’, catapulting the Netherlands into a political situation comparable to that of the 1950s. On the euro’s debut, the country once again became part of a continental circle in which France and Germany set the pace while the UK, Denmark and Sweden wished the Netherlands luck from the sidelines.
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Conference papers on the topic "European integration – Denmark"

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Vaivade, Agnese, Edgars Brekis, and Erika Sumilo. "Integrating business start-up indicators in the flexicurity concept to cover the alternative forms of employment." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.20.

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The flexicurity concept created in the Netherlands and Denmark in the early 1990s has become the main stepping-stone in improving the performance of labour markets across the European Union Member States. The European Commission has therefore taken a leading role on broader flexicurity concept development and creation of the data analysis methodology. However, the analysis proposed by the European Commission Joint Research Centre on flexicurity indicators in 2010 only partly includes business start-ups as a flexible form of employment. This research starts the discussion on whether additional indicators should be integrated in the flexicurity analysis, because of the rising need for employment security through entrepreneurial activity.
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Nielsen, Claus Suldrup, Jesper Schramm, Anders Ivarsson, Azhar Malik, and Terese Løvås. "Evaluation of Test Bench Engine Performance Measurements in Relation to Vehicle Measurements on Chassis Dynamometer." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1019.

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A 1600 cc direct injected turbocharged Euro 5 diesel engine was operated on standard diesel fuel from a gas station in Denmark for evaluation of the test bench procedure. The NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), FTP-75 (Federal Test Procedure) and WLTP (World Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure) driving cycles were simulated in the engine test bench in two ways: 1) by transient engine operation were the inertia of the vehicle during deceleration was simulated by addition of power from an electric motor mounted on the crank shaft, and 2) by steady state measurements where the total driving pattern was simulated from an integration of multiple steady state measurements. The mathematical model that calculates equivalent NEDC driving cycle vehicle emissions from the engine steady state measurements in the test bench, starting with warm engine, is presented. By applying this model any driving cycle emissions can be calculated from the presented tabulated steady state measurements, starting with warm or cold engine. Both engine test methods showed acceptable agreement with measurement in an NEDC vehicle test on chassis dynamometer where the vehicle was equipped with a similar engine as the test bench engine. The two engine test bench methods gave very similar results, but the transient engine test procedure showed a little higher emission of CO2 and NOx, results that were closest to the vehicle measurements. This is interpreted as a result of extra emissions when the engine adjusts from one operating point to the next during transient operation. These extra emissions are not caught in the steady state method. Application of the two engine test procedures on the FTP-75 procedure and the newer WLTP showed that the steady state engine test method gave significantly lower emissions of NOx and a little lower CO2 emissions compared to the transient engine test. The results indicated that this was mainly an effect of the time delay on the engines EGR system adjustment, which is not caught in the steady state method. The advantages and disadvantages of applying the different measurement methods and test procedures are discussed in relation to introduction of new test procedures in order to reduce engine/vehicle emissions.
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Galland, Daniel. "Redefinition of territorial scales and spatial planning in Denmark." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6002.

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The spatial planning system in Denmark has traditionally been known for its ‘comprehensive-integrated’ appeal characterized by a ‘formal’ rationality embedded within its systematic hierarchy of plans and institutions from national to local levels. In Europe, the purpose of planning systems of this kind has been to achieve ‘spatial coherence’ between levels of government and across territorial scales through the coordination and integration of policy sectors (horizontally) as well as jurisdictions and planning policies (vertically) shaping the management and articulation of spatial change. However, the Danish spatial planning system has been exposed to profound reorientations in recent years, as illustrated by the radical modification of its scope, its structure as well as its institutional and policy mechanisms. In the case of Denmark, a structural reform implemented in 2007 that changed the country’s political geography and its existing intergovernmental arrangements hence led to: i) the downward rescaling (from regional to municipal levels) of most functions and responsibilities related to spatial planning; ii) the upward rescaling (from metropolitan to national level) of spatial planning functions associated with the Metropolitan Region of Copenhagen; and iii) the revocation of regional planning as well as the institutional dismantling of the metropolitan level. Based on these series of changes, this paper aims at elucidating how different governments in power over the last 20 years have interpreted the planning system based on the adoption and adaptation of specific strategies (legal and/or spatial) that seek to articulate the different levels that comprise the planning system in one way or another. The impact that stems from the implementation of these strategies (whether they also remain as speculations or intentions) is that there is an increasing tendency to indirectly redefine conventional territorial scales. In order to depict such redefinition, this paper attempts to carry out an analysis of: i) the strategic spatial role attributed to each level of planning; ii) how each territorial scale is redefined as a result of the changing spatial relationships occurring between the planning levels.
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Kokot, Darko. "The potential for EVITA project e-KPIs to be used by Road Authorities." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1131.

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Abstract:
Planning different strategies in road maintenance is one of the most important activities in road asset management. Assessment of different strategies and their comparison can be done by implementing an appropriate measure - Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). KPIs are currently used in many Road Authorities, and systematic research on the subject and development of indicators has been ongoing for many years. The Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR) funded project "EVITA - Environmental Performance Indicators for the Total Road Infrastructure Assets" aimed at developing and integrating new and existing environmental KPIs (e-KPIs) into the asset management process, taking into account the expectations of different stakeholders (users, operators, residents, etc.). The research focus was on environmental areas: Noise, with KPIs on day-evening-night & night noise, exposed population, population with sleep disturbance; Air, with KPIs on CO2, NOx, NO2 and PM10 emissions; Water, with KPIs on water quality and salting of roads; and Natural resources and GHG emissions, with KPIs on resource consumption and CO2e calculation. The project outputs were a set of e-KPIs produced after a comprehensive investigation of the state of the art during the project. The main benefit of this project is therefore to provide an applicable solution for the environmental assessment of different road infrastructure assets and to describe the expectations of different stakeholders in form of objective indicators. The 'User Evaluation Trial' phase of the project was used to gather feedback on the potential of e-KPIs to be used by national Road Authorities across Europe. Two Slovenian Road Authorities and one each from Denmark and Sweden were involved. The Slovenian Authorities provided input data for case studies, while all evaluated the proposed e-KPIs from their own perspective, taking into account national conditions and specificities.
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