Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'European goods'
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Mak, Vanessa. "Performance-oriented remedies in European sale of goods law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439798.
Full textSilva, Ana Paula Africano de Sousa e. "The impact of European Community membership on Portuguese trade in manufactured goods." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283642.
Full textHays, Thomas Edward. "The parallel importation of trade mark protected goods under European Union law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619934.
Full textCan, Özberk Bahattin. "Mapping the Flow of Theft Endangered Goods in EU." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20082.
Full textVoithofer, Edith Anna. "Does the country of origin matter for sustainable products? A comparison of European sporting goods producers." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13813.
Full textClaveres, Guillaume. "Sharing the financing of common public goods and macroeconomic risks." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E045/document.
Full textThe four research articles composing this PhD dissertation study the sharing of fiscal resources used to provide common public goods or transfers to contribute to macroeconomic stabilization. In the first chapter, we consider an optimal centralization problem with jurisdictions that have heterogeneous preferences for public goods and tax a mobile base to finance them. We adopt a theoretical model with a federal structure and a continuum of public goods to draw several normative conclusions from the study of the optimal degree of centralization. The contribution of this second chapter is to consider a tax competition model where public goods potentially exhibit cross-border spillovers. We show that full cooperation can be attained if spillovers in public good provision are high enough to remove the incentives to remain a low-tax non-cooperative player. In the third chapter, we build a DSGE model of the euro area (with a core and a periphery) with nominal, labor and financial rigidities. A baseline model where policies are only national, as it is the case now, is set as the reference for calibration which reproduces key empirical observations for the euro area. Then, we implement a common unemployment insurance and study its stabilization properties. The fourth chapter focuses on how a fiscal capacity targeting directly households can improve stabilization at the zero lower bound
Craw-Eismont, Beverley. "The impact of European fur trade goods on some aspects of North American Indian clothing, 1560-1860." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14423.
Full textConnor, Timothy Charles. "Free movement of goods, persons, services and capital within the European Union : jurisprudential adjudications by the Court of Justice." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6338.
Full textConnor, Timothy C. "Free movement of goods, persons, services and capital within the European Union. Jurisprudential Adjudications by the Court of Justice." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6338.
Full textLee, Byung-Mun. "A comparative study on the seller's liability for non-conforming goods under SISG, English law, European law, and Korean law." Online version, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.392940.
Full textBaneth, Marie-Helene O. "The use of market-based mechanisms to generate environment goods and services in the European countryside : the case for auctions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339773.
Full textLee, Byung-Mun. "A comparative study on the seller's liability for non-conforming goods under CISG, English law, European law and Korean law." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3088/.
Full textRogers, Terence Charles. "European Community internal market technical legislation : a critical review of the processes in the context of the free movement of goods." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2004. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13389/.
Full textHagman, Jenni, and Elisabet Sjöberg. "The effects of beneficial attributes on satisfaction and loyalty in a B2B goods setting : A study of the European body builder market." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57069.
Full textEvans, Helen Marie. "The syncretic continuum, a model for understanding the incorporation of European goods at Le Caron, a 17th century Huron village site, Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40468.pdf.
Full textCrull, Donald Scott. "The economy and archaeology of European-made glass beads and manufactured goods used in first contact situations in Oregon, California and Washington." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3460/.
Full textSelander, Caroline. "The redefinition of private import of alcohol : With focus on products purchased on the Internet and the Swedish legislation." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Information Centre for Foreign Law, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-528.
Full textThe free movement of goods constitutes one of the fundamental principles of the European Union and entitles goods entrance to the internal market. Sweden had before 1995 few monopolies concerning the import, export, manufacturing, distribution and retail on alcohol, and had to as a result of entering EU abolish four of these. The monopoly on retail, Systembolaget, was retained, and is still today strictly controlled by limited number of stores as well as restricted openly-hours. Systembolaget contributes an important part of the Swedish Alcohol Policy, which main purpose is to limit the accessibility of alcohol in Sweden. Another essential purpose is to prevent alcohol to reach people under the age of twenty, and this is upheld by strict age-controls when purchasing alcohol from Systembolaget.
Lately it has been argued that the Swedish prohibition of private import of alcohol con-stitutes a restriction of the free movement of goods and in breach of Article 28 EC. The exception of such restriction is presented in Article 30 EC and allows Member States to obtain national trade barriers if a justification based on the protection of the public health could be made. The Commission is of the opinion that the Swedish prohibition constitute such a restriction referred to in Article 28 and is not willing to accept the justification to protection of the public health. The Swedish government however, is reluc-tant to remove the prohibition and argues that consumers that require a certain product can import alcohol through Systembolaget. An elimination of the ban would undermine the core purpose with Systembolaget which is to protect the public health and prevent alcohol to be distributed to people under the age of twenty.
According to the Alcohol Act a person who has turned twenty can legally import alco-hol to Sweden when he is travelling with the goods if those products are for his personal use. A proposal has been presented to a redefinition of private import, which would in-clude situation where the buyer is not personally travelling with the goods, yet the transportation is carried out on the buyer’s behalf. Such purchases are often referred to distance purchase, and in those situations should the excise duty be laid down in the coun-try where the good was released for consumption. In distance sales the seller is respon-sible for the transportation of the goods but also to pay excise duty on the products in the country of destination.
A redefinition of private import to include transportation made on the buyer’s behalf could create problems since there is no actual contract between the seller and the transporting-company. Problems can then arise since the seller has no possibility to control that the buyer is of the legal age or guaranteeing that the alcohol is for that person’s use
Den fria rörligheten av varor utgör en grundstomme inom den Europeiska Unionen, vilken erkänner varor från medlemsstaterna tillträde till den gemensamma marknaden. Sverige hade fram till 1995 fem olika monopol som reglerade importen, exporten, tillverkningen, distributionen och försäljningen av alkohol, men var tvungen som ett led i inträdet till EU att avveckla fyra av dessa. Kvar återstod försäljningsmonopolet, Systembolaget, vilket än idag är strikt reglerat genom begränsat antal butiker och öppet-tider. Systembolaget utgör in viktigt beståndsdel i den svenska alkoholpolitiken, vilken har till syfte att begränsa alkoholen och dess skadeverkningar i Sverige. Ett viktigt mål är också att motverka att alkoholen når ut till ungdomar under 20år, varvid strikta kon-troller av ålder sker vid köp på Systembolaget.
På senare tid har det diskuterat huruvida det svenska förbudet mot privat införsel av alkohol skall anses vara förenligt med den fria rörligheten av varor och den uppställda artikel 28 i EG-fördraget. Där stadgas det att inga importrestriktioner skall hindra varor tillträde till den gemensamma marknaden. Det uppställda undantaget i artikel 30 berättigar medlemsstaterna att behålla en sådan restriktion om det kan anses nödvändigt till skyddet för den allmänna hälsan. Kommission har i ett motiverat yttrande upplyst Sve-rige att förevarande förbud utgör en sådan restriktion som avses i artikel 28 och att förutsättningarna att behålla ett sådant förbud inte kan anses uppfyllda. Den svenska regeringen anser att förbudet fyller en viktig funktion genom att begränsa tillgängligheten av alkoholen på den svenska marknaden, samt upplyser att en konsument som önskar importera särskilda produkter kan göra detta genom Systembolaget. Att tillåta konsumenter att importera fritt skulle försvaga det ursprungliga syftet med Systembolaget, vilket är att skydda den allmänna hälsan och minska risken för att alkohol blir tillgänglig för ungdomar.
Enligt Alkohollagen kan en person som har fyllt 20 fritt importera alkohol till Sverige under förutsättning att denne reser in med varorna till Sverige och att dessa varor är för hans personliga nyttjande. En föreslagen utvidgning av definitionen privat import kan komma att inkludera varutransporter vilka sker för köparens räkning, ofta kallade distans köp. Detta skiljer sig då nämnvärt från distansförsäljning där säljare står för transporten, och är skyldig att betala punktskatt i destinationslandet för dessa varor. Vid distans köp skall ingen beskattning ske i destinationslandet, under förutsättning att dessa avgifter har betalts i varans ursprungsland.
En utvidgning av definition av privat import till att innefatta varutransporter organiserade av köparen kan skapa problem då inget riktigt kontrakt föreligger mellan säljaren och transportbolaget. Svårigheter kan då uppstå för säljarens då denne saknar möjlighet att kontrollera att köparen är av påstådd ålder och att alkoholen är avsedd för dennes personliga konsumtion.
Kopec, Martin. "Návrh řešení dvojí kvality potravin pomocí technologie Blockchain." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417675.
Full textTutkun, Secil. "Exhaustion Of Industrial Property Rights In The European Union And Its Implications On The Application Of This Principle In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606973/index.pdf.
Full textEU wide protection of industrial property rights&rdquo
is not covered by these regulations, there are special provisions which stipulate &ldquo
regional exhaustion&rdquo
for trademarks and industrial designs. In the EU region there are systems for granting Community Trademark and granting Community Industrial Design which are co-exist with the national systems. However there is no system for granting Community Patent or Community Utility Models and there is no special provision which determine the geographical boundary of the exhaustion of patents and utility models. Nevertheless, the principle of regional exhaustion was accepted through ECJ decisions long before the above mentioned regulations which are very recent. In the third chapter of the thesis, firstly the provisions of the Rome Treaty regarding the free movement of goods, then the process that ECJ had faced until the regional exhaustion doctrine was reached and the implementation clauses of this doctrine is examined. Implementation of this doctrine affects both the trade relations among EU Member States and the trade relations between Member States and the non-EU countries. In the fourth chapter of the thesis, the provisions of the Decision No. 1/95 which regulates the free movements of goods between Turkey and the EU are examined with the articles of national legislation concerning the exhaustion of industrial property rights in Turkey. By considering above mentioned provisions and the different views in the doctrine, the trade relation between the EU and Turkey is examined with the economical, political and legal aspects.
Streer, Jan. "Die Umsetzung der Verbrauchsgüterkaufrichtlinie im englischen Recht durch die Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002 /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/523584539.pdf.
Full textWEHMER, CARL MARTIN. "THE ROLE OF METROLOGY AND METROLOGY-RELATED FUNCTIONS IN THE REGULATION OF THE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS: CONSIDERATIONS ON THE REVISION OF THE EUROPEAN REGULATORY FRAMEWORK." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15704@1.
Full textA presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo analisar, à luz das funções da infraestrutura tecnológica, as proposições do novo marco regulatório europeu para a livre circulação de produtos no mercado comum. Mais especificamente responder à questão formulada pela pesquisa: conseguirá esse novo marco regulatório equacionar e mitigar as deficiências do modelo anterior? Tendo em vista a atualidade do tema, o trabalho discute a importância da metrologia, da normalização, da acreditação e da avaliação da conformidade na eficiência da fiscalização do mercado em nível global e a relevância técnica e econômica que resultam desses processos. No campo institucional, a motivação pelo tema se deu pelo compromisso do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Metrologia de contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento sobre a regulação de mercados e de explorar o tema como oportunidade de fortalecer a ponte em temas da metrologia com a cidadania. No que concerne a metodologia, a pesquisa desenvolveu-se de forma estruturada segundo as seguintes fases complementares: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental dos textos legais e regulamentos europeus aplicáveis; (ii) pesquisa de campo (iii) construção e aplicação do instrumento da pesquisa (questionário) junto a especialistas atuantes nas funções da infraestrutura tecnológica para a qualidade. Consubstanciando os propósitos da pesquisa de mestrado, o trabalho explicitou os resultados mais relevantes consolidados pelo amplo e participativo processo de revisão da legislação européia para a livre circulação de produtos e disponibilizou uma metodologia de avaliação. Finalmente, como conclusão, o trabalho definiu os determinantes da revisão do marco regulatório europeu à luz das mudanças de critérios de aplicação das funções da infraestrutura tecnológica.
The aim of this M.Sc. dissertation is to analyze the New Regulatory Framework for the free movement of goods in the European market, in the light of the functions of the national quality infrastructure. More specifically, to answer the question posed by the study: will the New (and recently revised) Regulatory Framework be able to mitigate the shortcomings of the previous model? Moreover, the study discusses the significance of metrology, standardization, conformity assessment and accreditation for the effectiveness of market surveillance at a global level and the economic and technical relevance of these processes. The commitment of the Postgraduate Metrology Program (Metrology for Quality and Innovation) to contribute to the improvement of technical regulation, while bridging metrology to citizenship, reflect the motivation of this work. The methodology included: (i) a review of the specialized literature (e.g.: legal documentation and applicable European regulation); (ii) a field research and (iii) the development and application of the structured questionnaire to experts in functions of the quality infrastructure and European legislation. The study highlights the most relevant results of the thorough revision of the European regulation for the free movement of goods. It also provided a methodology of assessment for related issues. In tune with the precepts of the Postgraduate Metrology Programme committed to participate in the debate of current topics in metrology and related matters, the dissertation made available to Brazilian legislators lessons learnt by the European Union on the building of a common market. In conclusion, an experience particularly valuable to those committed to make MERCOSUR a successful undertaking. An endeavor of great proportions where goods, services, capital and labor can circulate freely providing the foundation for prosperity.
Cicėnas, Rokas. "Ar Lietuvoje esančios kliūtys registruoti automobilius su vairu dešinėje pusėje pažeidžia laisvo prekių judėjimo principus Europos Bendrijoje?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120619_121357-62493.
Full textThe free movement of goods is the most successful project in European Community. It is an important part of the internal market described in EC treaty as follows: the internal market shall comprise an area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty. It is necessary to ensure the appropriate application of principles of free movement goods in European Community. Only this way it is possible to ensure fair competition among states companies and keep internal market competitive to the rest of the world. For the majority of products, EU countries have adopted the principle of mutual recognition of national rules. Any product legally manufactured and sold in one member state must be allowed to be placed on the market in all others. Articles 34 and 35 of the Treaty on Functioning of European Union deals with the prohibition of quantitative restrictions and measures having an equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions on imports and exports. Measures having an equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions mean laws, regulations, administrative provisions, administrative practices, and all instruments issuing from a public authority including recommendation which have similar effect to quantitative restrictions. These articles are a leading tool to deal with elimination of technical barriers which are the most dangerous to free movement of goods notion. Only on the... [to full text]
Hálová, Helena. "Vývoj teritoriální struktury zbožového obchodu zemí EU v období hospodářské krize v letech 2008 až 2013." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193736.
Full textPohl, Toralf. "The 'Battle of the Forms' under the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: A Comparison with the UNIDROIT Principles, the European Principles and some domestic laws." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4537.
Full textMendo, Maria de Fátima de Jesus. "Análise comparativa das experiências portuguesa e espanhola na União Europeia : integração económica entre países com níveis diferenciados de desenvolvimento." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12370.
Full text0 presente trabalho tern como objectivo o estudo dos efeitos da integração económica entre países com níveis diferenciados de desenvolvimento, baseando-se na análise comparativa das experiência portuguesa e espanhola na União Europeia, sobre o comércio externo de mercadorias, as trocas de serviços, os fluxos de investimento directo estrangeiro e as transferências financeiras, nestes dois países, e no seu relacionamento entre si e com a União Europeia. Este tema tern actualidade pelo estudo destes efeitos em si próprios, mas sobretudo porque qualquer alargamento da União Europeia, seja aos PECO, seja aos paises do Norte de África, consistirá num alargamento a países ainda menos desenvolvidos. O interesse deste tema adquire urn carácter de universalidade, quando verificamos que ao nível mundial, nos restantes espaços regionais, existe uma tendência semelhante. Este trabalho integra quatro partes. A primeira parte consiste numa introdução composta pela apresentação do objectivo e do âmbito do estudo efectuado. A segunda parte compreende um enquadramento teórico da integração económica e do IDE. Na terceira parte, procede-se à comparação das experiências portuguesa e espanhola na União Europeia, com auxílio de dados estatísticos trabalhados. Na quarta parte, expõem-se as principais conclusões extraídas da análise comparativa.
The purpose of the present work is the survey of economic integration effects between countries with different levels of development, founded on the comparative analysis of Portuguese and Spanish experiences within the European Union, specially on foreign trade of goods, exchange of services, FDI and financial transfers, not only with the other member states but also between them. This subject is updated not only because it surveys these same effects, but also and particularly, because any enlargement of the European Union, either to Eastern and Central European Countries, or to Northern African Countries, will consist in an enlargement to non developed countries. The interest of this issue gains an universal character when we acknowledge that at a world level, in the other regional areas, there is a similar trend. This work is divided in four parts. The first part, consists of an introduction composed by the presentation of the aims and the scope of the study. The second part comprises a theoretical framing about the economic integration and the FDI. In the third part, the comparison of the Portuguese and Spanish experiences within the European Union is made, supported by statistic data. The fourth part includes the main conclusions taken from the analysis.
Poul, Adam. "Určení zdrojů rizik při přepravě nebezpečných látek na silnicích a návrh opatření na snížení ztrát a škod na veřejných aktivech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433338.
Full textHesselink, Martijn Willem. "De redelijkheid en billijkheid in het europese privaatrecht = Good faith in European private law /." [Deventer] : Kluwer, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/330425897.pdf.
Full textSimões, Marco Paulo Ventura. "Do Cáspio para o mundo : as trocas comerciais de bens do Cáucaso e Ásia Central." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13428.
Full textAs transações comerciais são uma parte das relações sociais entre os homens. Ao longo dos tempos, os países organizaram-se social, e economicamente e procuram diferentes parceiros comerciais com vista ao aumento da sua riqueza e do seu bem estar, nomeadamente através das trocas de produtos. Se no século XX, o espaço europeu era a maior zona económica, neste século, outras zonas geográficas ganharam protagonismo nas trocas comerciais de bens, nomeadamente a China e o Sudeste Asiático e mais recentemente o Cáucaso e a Ásia Central. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar as trocas comerciais de bens das antigas repúblicas soviéticas (definidas pelo FMI como Cáucaso e Ásia Central) com o resto do mundo, a Rússia, a UE-28 e Portugal, tendo por base os dados obtidos da Comtrade Database da ONU no período 2004-2013, assim como demais relatórios realizados por instituições públicas e privadas.
Business' transactions are a part of social relations between men. Over time the countries have organized themselves socially and economically and look for different trading partners looking for an increasing their wealth, majority through the exchange of products. If in twentieth century, the European area was the largest economic zone, in this century, other geographical areas gained prominence in trade, like China and Southeast Asia and more recently Central Asia. The aim of this work is to analyze the trade in goods of the former Soviet republics (defined by the IMF as the Caucasus and Central Asia) with the world, Russia, the EU-28 and Portugal, based on the data obtained from Comtrade UN Database in the period 2004-2013 and other reports from public and private institutions.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Durand, Étienne. "Électricité de source renouvelable et droit du marché interieur européen." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3072.
Full textThe European Union is pursuing an ambitious policy to develop renewable energy aimed at increasing its share to 20% in the European energy consumption by 2020. To that extent, the European legislator requests from all Member States that they implement national support for the production of renewable electricity, which may fall within the scope of the ban on restrictions and State aids. In parallel, the policy of achieving the internal energy market requires the Member States to liberate the economic sector in which renewable electricity is used. By observing the rules of the internal market, the thesis evaluates the articulation between these objectives that seem contradictory. While the environmental goal underlying the development of renewable electricity justifies an inflexion of the rules of the internal market, it promotes national separation and gives rise to normative competition between the Member States. Each of them uses the attractiveness of its own laws to persuade the economic operators to exploit national energy sources, independently of their natural distribution on a European scale. The empirical observation of this phenomenon highlights the risks it poses to the overall coherence of the European Union’s action in the field of renewable energies. By using some developments of the positive law and the practice of private actors in the market, the thesis evaluates the hypotheses to renew the market mechanisms so that the market becomes a full instrument for promoting renewable electricity in the European Union
De, Gaulmyn Louis. "Les mécanismes de soutien à la production d'électricité de source renouvelable." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED023.
Full textThe European Union is pursuing a major policy to develop renewable energy aimed at increasing its share to 20 % in total energy consumption in 2020. In this context, France has set up a policy to support renewable electricity generation, through support mechanisms that directly subsidize this generation. However, this mode of support faces several issues, which question its durability. On the one hand, the evolution of the internal electricity market policy renews the question of the compatibility of the support mechanisms with the provisions of European Union law on free movement of goods and State aid. On the other hand, the significant development of renewable electricity generation risks threatening the balance of the French electricity system. In order to cope with these obstacles, France has adopted a major reform of these support mechanisms and has set up several linked mechanisms aimed at adapting the growth of renewable electricity generation to the constraints posed by the electricity system. By using some recent developments of the positive law and the doctrines developed by the institutional players in the internal electricity market, the thesis evaluates the capacity of this reform to adapt the policy of support for renewable electricity generation to these legal and systemic constraints
Masuku, Gabriel Mthokozisi Sifiso. "Harmonization of SACU Trade Policies in the Tourism & Hospitality Service Sectors." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1740_1280359750.
Full textThe general objective of the proposed research is to do a needs analysis for the tourism and hospitality industries of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland. This will be followed by an alignment of these industries with the provisions of the General Agreement of Trade in Services, commonly known as GATS, so that a Tourism and Hospitality Services Charter may be moulded that may be used uniformly throughout SACU. The specific objectives of the research are: To analyze impact assessment reports and studies conducted on the Tourism and Hospitality Industries for all five SACU member states with the aim of harmonizing standards, costs and border procedures. To ecognize SACU member states&rsquo
schedule of GATS Commitments, especially in the service sectors being investigated, by improving market access, and to recommend minimal infrastructural development levels to be attained for such sectors&rsquo
support. To make recommendations to harness the challenges faced by the said industries into a working document. To calibrate a uniformity of trade standards in these sectors that shall be used by the SACU membership. To ensure that the template is flexible enough for SACU to easily adopt and use in ongoing bilateral negotiations, for example.
Techa-Apikun, Aimpaga. "La protection juridique du consommateur acquéreur de bien : étude comparative (Thaïlande, Malaisie, Singapour, Union européenne)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1082.
Full textProtecting the rights of consumers is a key issue to achieve the balance between all stakeholders benefiting from expanding market without borders. Currently, cooperation on the issue among the ASEAN member countries has been established; however, a further and analytical study on the topic is needed. A comparative reflection on states' internal mechanism of the protection of interests of consumers who possess goods will provide an insightful knowledge of current situation both in terms of legal instruments and facts. These are important factors for the development of consumer protection.This study is to analyse the internal legal systems applicable to the three selected countries which are Malaysia , Singapore and Thailand , aiming at protecting consumers' economic interests against the problem of non -conformity of goods to legitimate expectation. Although the three selected countries differ from each other in terms of the form of government and legal system, they share one thing in common; integrating the concept of protecting the interests of consumers in their law for over ten years. Our comparative reflections on the three countries' mechanisms, the regional mechanisms and the EU mechanisms exhibit similarity and disparity of law between the three countries and thus propose a solution to reduce these differences
Novy, Andreas. "A Good Life for all - A European development model." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4565/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2015_03.pdf.
Full textSeries: SRE - Discussion Papers
Silva, Jorge Francisco da. "How good is your english?: um Estudo dos Níveis de Proficiência do Quadro Comum Europeu (Common European Framework of Reference)." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1202.
Full textThe object of research of this thesis is the Common European Framework (CEFR) and its levels of proficiency in foreign languages. The development of the CEFR by nearly 50 member countries of the European Council started in 1991. The CEFR reference scales have become an international landmark and currently provide guidelines for the formulation of language policies for teaching, learning and assessment in about 30 European languages, including English. Although the CEFR is also used in Brazil in preparatory programs and in different types of selection processes, little is known about it and the literature on the subject in Portuguese is still scarce. The general aim of this study is to investigate which language theories were used in preparing the CEFR. Our specific aim is to analyze the concepts of language, teaching, learning, self and assessment in the CEFR to understand how its proficiency levels were determined. By means of a bibliographical research, several publications of the European Council, partner institutions and independent researchers were gathered and organized to investigate the questions proposed in this research. In the end, it was possible to establish the historical evolution of the theoretical basis of the CEFR, its origins in the Linguistic Turn, with later developments from the School of Philosophy of Language and the disciplines of Sociolinguistics and Pragmatics. The different concepts, especially the concept of language in the CEFR, were also duly considered. Finally, it was possible to understand more clearly how the said proficiency levels were determined.
Johansson, Jonna. "Learning To Be(come) A Good European : A Critical Analysis of the Official European Union Discourse on European Identity and Higher Education." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10384.
Full textUnder 2007 då denna avhandling färdigställdes kunde den Europeiska Unionen se tillbaka på femtio år av samarbete som började med Romfördraget 1957 och som har utvecklats från att vara framförallt ekonomiskt till att även behandla politiska och sociala frågor på den europeiska nivån. År 2007 firade den Europeiska Unionen även tjugoårsjubileet för Erasmus, sitt program för rörlighet inom högre utbildning. Det är denna relativt nya politiska dimension som jag har varit intresserad av att undersöka i avhandlingen. Närmare bestämt, det är den politiska konstruktionen av en gemensam europeisk identitet som analyseras med hjälp av kritisk diskurs analys. Syftet med avhandlingen har varit tvådelat. Det första syftet har varit att undersöka hur europén skapas i diskursen som finns att finna i officiella EU policy dokument. Jag har varit intresserad av att analysera de olika strukturer, i form av idéer och normer som används för att konstruera 'europén'. Det andra syftet har varit att undersöka om högre utbildning, som den konstrueras i den officiella EU diskursen, har samma identitetsskapande roll som utbildning sägs ha i nationalstaten enligt nationell identitetsteori. Jag påstår att det finns tre versioner av europeisk identitet, i.e. kulturell, politisk och neoliberal, var och en med sin egen relation till högre utbildning, i det empiriska materialet, bestående av officiella EU dokument, som har undersökts. Dessutom, avhandlingen är en studie av den makt som är del av modernt styrande. Jag påstår att det har varit en ökning då det gäller 'mjuk. makt där en 'God Europé' inte är något 'du' är utan något 'du' blir genom att vara en ansvarstagande aktiv medborgare. Genom kritisk diskursanalys belyser jag uttrycken av makt som finns att finnas i den diskurs jag analyserar. Med andra ord, jag har varit intresserad av att undersöka hur den analyserade diskursen både inkluderar och exkluderar individer.
Johansson, Jonna. "Learning to Be (come) A Good European : A Critical Analysis of the Official European Union Discourse on European Identity and Higher Education." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Management and Engineering, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10384.
Full textKollárová, Katarína. "Export zboží zemí EU v období let 2004 až 2009." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76156.
Full textKoželuhová, Jana. "Problematika vlivu úkapů ropných látek na hutněné asfaltové vrstvy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226043.
Full textGustafsson, Hall Joel. "Discrepancies in European Union Pre-accession Evaluations : An Assessment of the European Commission’s Progress Reports." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-424288.
Full textLoustau, Marc Roscoe. "Devotions of Desire: Changing Gods, Changing People at a Transylvanian Pilgrimage Site." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:15821961.
Full textKiehlbauch, Solange Nicole. ""The Gods Have Taken Thought for Them": Syncretic Animal Symbolism in Medieval European Magic." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1923.
Full textHlaváček, Aleš. "Analýza účetních přístupů řešení DPH v zahraničně obchodních vztazích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5237.
Full textPons, Myriam. "L’Union européenne et la sécurité des transports maritimes de marchandises et substances dangereuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1012.
Full textMaritime transport has strategic importance for the economy of the European Union. Each year, one billion tons of oil pass through the ports and waters of the EU. Two billion tons of goods are loaded and unloaded in its ports. Because of the disastrous consequences the sinking of Amoco Cadiz has had on the environment and economy, the European Union continues to develop and strengthen its policy on maritime safety in order to put an end to substandard shipping, primarily through the effective application of international rules. Since 1993, the European Union and its Member States are at the forefront improving legislation on the safety of maritime transport of dangerous goods and substances, striving to eliminate substandard ships, increase protection of the crew, reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The EU is insuring operators who are following the best practices, compared to those who are willing to take shortcuts with the safety of ships, are not commercially disadvantaged. Accidents of the Erika and Prestige encouraged the EU to radically reform its legal system and to adopt new rules and standards for the prevention of accidents at sea, particularly those involving tankers. For more than thirty years the European Union has not stopped to strengthen and to improve its legislation in order to better protect itself against the risks of pollution due to maritime transports of dangerous goods. It has updated its regulation consecutivly to several accidents which damaged its coasts ; that is why the safety of maritme transport will always be evolving
Griffin, Liza. "Good governance, scale & power in the European Union : a case study of North Sea Fisheries." Thesis, Open University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446287.
Full textBonavita, Valeria <1983>. "The EU and Dispute Settlement within the WTO: a strategy for the protection of the Union’s autonomy in the domestic regulation of goods?" Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4716/.
Full textElbe, Stefan Heinz Edward. "European nihilism and the meaning of the European idea : a study of Nietzsche's 'good Europeanism' in response to the debate in the post-Cold War era." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2516/.
Full textSchwarze, Karen. "What in a Good Cause Men May Both Dare and Venture." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4742.
Full textKarampassis, Stilianos. "The issues of the 'general good' and professional secrecy with regard to the Second Banking and the Money Laundering Directives." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284624.
Full textJohnson, Samantha T. "A good European and a sincere racist : the life and work of Professor Charles Sarolea, 1870-1953." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366446.
Full textGibert, M. V. "New wine in old bottles : the European Union's development, good governance and security policies in West Africa." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629177.
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