Academic literature on the topic 'European federation – History'

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Journal articles on the topic "European federation – History"

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Gouldbourne, Ruth. "Book Review: The European Baptist Federation, Crossing the Boundaries: A History of the European Baptist Federation." Expository Times 111, no. 3 (December 1999): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469911100317.

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Samosiuk, I., V. Orzheshkovsky, W. Zukow, and A. Sikorska. "To the history of hydrothermotherapy: pages of history." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2011): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2011.01.01.001.

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In 1921 in London, was created by the International Society of Medical Hydrology, which included scientificsocieties of scientists from over 40 countries, in 1928 they were joined by scientists of the Soviet Union. In 1937 wasorganized by the International Federation of the health resort, which in 1947, renamed the "International Federation ofHydrotherapy and Climatology (FITEC). In 1999, Congress in Yalta, it was called "The World Federation ofHydrotherapy and Climatotherapy (FEMTEC). FEMTEC is the most representative association of Spa and healthorganizations in the world. FEMTEC composed of national Spa and health resorts associations and federations, as wellas central state organizations dealing with Spa problems from many countries and continents. FEMTEC functions underthe aegis of the World Health Organization and submits every three years report on its activities. The principal functionsof the Federation are following: representing world thermalism matters and promote them internationally before statesand public organization; international business-like co-operation in health resorts' sector; study, research and experienceexchanges in the sphere of Spa treatments; popularization of Spa and health resorts of the FEMTEC member-countriesin different countries of the world. With a view of organizing fruitful activities of FEMTEC there function 4 permanentcommissions: medical, economic, technical and social. FEMTEC members actively participate in international scientificsymposia, exhibitions, conferences; there are held annual General Assembly, Executive Board and ExecutiveCommittee meetings. Every year FEMTEC organizes Scientific Congress along with a competition of scientific works,marks of the best thermalists etc. The Federation maintains close contacts with European Spas Association (ESPA),World Tourism Organization (WTO) and other international organizations. The Board of FEMTEC includes thefollowing member: Prof. Nikolay Storozhenko - (Russia) President of FEMTEC from 1998, President National SpaAssociation D.M., Honored Physician (http://www.naturmed.unimi.it/femtec.html). In 1996 he joined the Federation ofRussia, which was timed to the International Congress "The resort medicine, science and practice", held in May 1996 inSt. Petersburg. In 1998 the Federation adopted the Ukrainian Association of Physiotherapists and health resort. One ofthe main problems is FEMTEC: cooperation of scientific institutions, exchange of information in the study oftechnological and scientific problems associated with water-and climate-through scientific committees, convening theannual congresses, conferences, symposia, seminars, publications, etc.
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Peterson, Hans. "The Early History of European Federation of Medical Informatics." Acta Informatica Medica 22, no. 1 (2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/aim.2014.22.16-17.

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Prins, W. H. "A history of the European Grassland Federation, 1963-2003." Grass and Forage Science 59, no. 1 (March 2004): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2004.00403.x.

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Polišenská, Veronika A. "The European Federation of Psychology Students’ Associations." European Psychologist 16, no. 2 (January 2011): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000086.

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This article describes the development of the European Federation of Psychology Students’ Associations (EFPSA) since its formation in 1987 up to 2011. It concentrates on the history of the organization and its structure and how it has changed over the years to accommodate the growing number of students, countries, and projects involved. It introduces the ideal of the “EFPSA spirit,” which is the experience of multiculturalism of the people and the friendships formed at various events. The article concludes with a view of the future of EFPSA.
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Podhalicz, Mateusz. "Caught in the grey area between European Economic Community and European Federation?" Vilnius University Open Series, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/os.law.2020.15.

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During the last decade of the EU history there has been an unprecedented increase of illiberal tendencies among certain EU Members – most notably Poland and Hungary, which in turn lead to violation of the values enshrined in Article 2 TEU. The present paper is brief attempt to determine whether the EU has any legal powers to confront rogue EU Members, which violate the rule of law and what these powers are.
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Day, Ed, Claudia Grimmer, and Adrian Lloyd. "Psychiatry training in Europe: a brief history of the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees." Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 4 (April 2002): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.4.152.

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At a time of increasing European harmonisation this paper gives a brief history of the main European organisation for trainees in psychiatry (the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees) and details the proceedings of the most recent European Forum held in Berlin.
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Andreiko, Vitaliy. "The Experience of Czech-Slovak Diplomatic Cooperation in the Context of the European Integration of Ukraine." Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 1, no. 47 (June 30, 2018): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2018.47.46-52.

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The contemporary history of the Czech Republic’s and the Slovak Republic’s formation asindependent European states has a meaningful specificity, compared to other Central European countries and post-Soviet states. First, in the early 1990s, against the backdrop of the former socialist federations’ «balkanization», the Czech and Slovak peoples and their political elites demonstrated the possibility of a civilized, peaceful and evolutionary self-dissolution of the Czech-Slovak federative union and the declaration of independence by the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. Second, the cessation of the Czech-Slovak federative union and the declaration of independence by Czechia and Slovakia took place on the basis and within the framework of the existing constitutional norms and laws. And thirdly, when still in the federation, the Czech and Slovak parties were in advance preparing conditions for the full functioning of national statehood from the first days of independence of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic and the legal and contractual basis for their further close inter-state cooperation. Keywords: Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, diplomatic cooperation, EU, NATO, Europeanintegration of Ukraine
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Rodriguez, J. D., D. Peris-Delcampo, and A. Garcia-Mas. "History of the Spanish federation of sport psychology (FEPD)." Current Issues of Sports Psychology and Pedagogy 1, no. 1-2 (2021): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/spp.2021.1-2.1.

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The article presents data on the history of the formation of the Spanish Federation of Sports Psychology, examines the main key events that contribute to the creation of the Spanish Federation, the main activities of the federation. The article presents interviews with the presidents of the Spanish Federation of Sports Psychology, their views on the factors contributing to the development of sports psychology in Spain and prospects for its further development. The Spanish Federation of Sports Psychology (FEPD) was established in 1987 and was joined for the first time by existing associations. FEPD is a member of the International Society of Sports Psychology (ISSP) and the European Federation of Sports Psychology (FEPSAC), where it is active as a full member. The FEPD organizes a National Congress every two years with the participation of national and international experts. The active development of sports psychology in Spain and other Latin American countries is associated with high publication activity, the presence of two special educational programs. sports psychology journals and current master’s and postgraduate programs in this field of knowledge.
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McKinlay, Alan, Helen Mercer, and Neil Rollings. "Reluctant Europeans? The Federation of British Industries and European Integration, 1945–63." Business History 42, no. 4 (October 2000): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076790000000303.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "European federation – History"

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Reynolds, Natasha. "The mid Upper Palaeolithic of European Russia : chronology, culture history and context : a study of five Gravettian backed lithic assemblages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f9a56097-50b9-427d-8276-3acc191c834c.

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This thesis examines the Mid Upper Palaeolithic (MUP) of Russia (ca. 30,000-20,000 14C BP). During this time, as in the rest of Europe, the principal archaeological industry is known as the Gravettian. However, in Russia two other industries, the Streletskayan and the Gorodtsovian, are also known from the beginning of the MUP. Historically, there have been significant problems integrating the Russian MUP record with that from the rest of Europe. The research described in this thesis concentrates on backed lithic assemblages (including Gravette points, microgravettes, other backed points and backed bladelets) from five Russian Gravettian sites: Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4, Kostenki 9, Khotylevo 2 and Kostenki 21 Layer 3. These are studied from an explicitly Western European theoretical perspective, using standard techno-typological methods to construct typological groupings and describe the variation between and within sites. Alongside this, new radiocarbon dates from several sites Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4 and Borshchevo 5) were obtained. These radiocarbon dates are critically analysed alongside published dates and unpublished dates made available to this research. The results of the research constitute a new culture history for the Russian MUP. Each stage of the MUP is dated and described, and the uncertainties in our knowledge outlined. One new lithic index fossil is defined and two others are re-assessed. The Russian record is compared with the contemporary archaeological record elsewhere in Europe, in order to describe large-scale synchronic variation and changes through time in the homogeneity and regionalisation of material culture. The relationship between these dynamics and climate change are discussed.
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Mecking, Bettina. "Der Beitrag des Projekts der Europäischen Politischen Gemeinschaft zur Entwicklung des europäischen Gemeinschaftsrechts /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-1935-1.htm.

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Magnette, Paul. "Citoyenneté et construction européenne: étude de la formation du concept de citoyenneté et de la recomposition de ses formes institutionnelles dans le cadre de la construction européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211973.

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Green, Alida Maria. "Dancing in borrowed shoes : a history of ballroom dancing in South Africa (1600s-1940s)." Diss., Pretoria : [S.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10202009-190259.

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Stebbins, Danialle. "Championing Labor: Labor Diplomacy, the AFL-CIO, and Polish Solidarity." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1588083656196024.

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Fahlbusch, Markus. "European integration in the field of human rights protection: the interaction on the basis of different constitutional cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209162.

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The present thesis suggests that judicial interaction can benefit constructive solutions of concrete human rights problems as a specific way of integrating European human rights protection. This affirmation is substantiated by case studies examining the interaction of the European Court of Human Rights with the UK House of Lords and Supreme Court on the one hand and with the German Federal Constitutional Court on the other. Yet, the manner in which the courts proceed in their interaction, notably in view of their potentially conflictual stances, can deflect from the concentration on constructively solving the substantive human rights problem with which the courts are confronted. Accordingly, the courts might be inclined to preserve the status quo of their initial positions and to resort to a mere compromise between the different interests involved.

This thesis identifies two major factors in the courts’ reasoning that inhibit the fruitful discussion of the substantive human rights questions brought up by the cases: the reference to “culture” and the focus on their institutional relationship with the balancing of possibly conflicting interests. By way of analysing practical cases against a legal- and political-theoretical backdrop, this work develops how these two factors contribute to the obstruction of a constructive interaction between the courts and to the shielding of controversial views from being discussed and challenged. In response, also by reference to the concrete practice of the courts, this thesis puts forward an approach to the interaction which avoids this inhibiting effect and therefore allows for a comprehensive, deep and critical discussion on how to solve the specific human rights problems raised by the cases./La présente thèse soutient que l’interaction judiciaire peut bénéficier à des solutions constructives des problèmes concrets de droits de l’homme comme une forme spécifique d’intégration de la protection européenne des droits de l’homme. Cette affirmation est corroborée par des études de cas qui examinent l’interaction de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme avec la House of Lords et la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni d’un côté et avec la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale de l’Allemagne de l’autre. Pourtant, la manière dont les cours procèdent dans leur interaction, notamment au vu de leurs points de vue potentiellement conflictuels, peut détourner l’attention de la solution constructive des problèmes substantiels des droits de l’homme auxquels les cours font face. En conséquence, il se peut que les cours soient susceptibles de préserver le statu quo de leurs positions initiales et d’avoir recours à un simple compromis entre les différents intérêts en cause.

Cette thèse identifie deux facteurs majeurs dans le raisonnement des cours qui entravent la discussion fructueuse des questions substantielles soulevées par les cas :la référence à la « culture » et la concentration sur leur relation institutionnelle avec le balancement des intérêts possiblement conflictuels. Au moyen de l’analyse des cas pratiques sur le fond de la théorie juridique et politique, ce travail fait ressortir comment ces deux facteurs contribuent à l’obstruction d’une interaction constructive entre les cours et à la protection des opinions controversées contre leur discussion et défi. En réponse, également en se fondant sur la pratique concrète des cours, cette thèse avance une approche quant à l’interaction qui évite cet effet inhibant et, par conséquent, permet une discussion complète, profonde et critique de comment résoudre les problèmes spécifiques de droits de l’homme posés par les cas.


Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Fernandez, Soriano Victor. "Le fusil et l'olivier: l'Espagne franquiste, la Grèce des colonels et les droits de l'Homme en Europe, 1949-1977." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209476.

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La consolidation des droits de l'Homme comme principe politique du processus d'intégration européenne fut articulée par les relations entre la Communauté économique européenne et les dictatures franquiste en Espagne et des colonels en Grèce. Ces deux régimes aspiraient à maintenir un statut d'États associés à la CEE :les débats politiques qui furent tenus à leur égard contribuèrent à la fixation d'une conditionnalité politique pour la participation au processus d'intégration européenne.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Verschueren, Nicolas. "Fermer les mines en construisant l'Europe: une histoire sociale de l'intégration européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210001.

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Cette recherche a pour ambition de contribuer aux études sur l’histoire sociale de la construction européenne. En prenant pour point d’appui le cas de l’industrie charbonnière, il a été possible de mettre en évidence une tentative de préservation et de prolongement des politiques sociales d’après-guerre à l’intérieur de la Communauté. Les débats sur le logement ouvrier, les discussions paritaires et la tentative d’instauration d’un statut européen du mineur reflètent cette continuité entre les niveaux nationaux et européens. L’échec de politiques sociales d’envergure sonnait le glas d’un élan initié par quelques syndicalistes et militants européens pour un approfondissement de l’Europe sociale dont l’expression commençait à prendre consistance. La crise charbonnière de 1958 allait transformer les politiques de la Haute Autorité où la réponse aux crises régionales prenait une place majeure. En ce sens, la reconversion du Borinage était le premier test social d’envergure pour le maintien du consensus politique d’après-guerre. Malgré les mesures nationales et européennes pour la relance économique du bassin borain, aucune industrie n’est parvenue à remplacer les fosses tant du point de vue économique qu’identitaire. Les conflits sociaux apparus dans les années 1970 ont alors mis en lumière les transformations sociales et culturelles du Borinage en reconversion.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Kostera, Thomas. "When Europa meets Bismarck: cross-border healthcare and usages of Europe in the Austrian healthcare system." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209268.

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In a series of landmark rulings on patient mobility and cross-border healthcare, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has made clear that Member States’ healthcare systems have to comply with the rules of the EU’s Internal Market when it comes to individual patient rights and the non-discrimination of healthcare providers. The rulings increased the possibilities for EU Member State citizens to get medical treatment in another Member State (“cross-border healthcare”), yet providing that under certain conditions the home Member State has to pay for these treatments in the other country. After a decade of negotiations, these rulings have been codified in a European Directive. Assuming that European integration has an impact on national welfare states and taking the example of European rules on access to cross-border healthcare, this thesis suggests analyzes the domestic impact of European integration in terms of Europeanization of the Austrian healthcare system within the context of the interplay between actors’ interests and practices on the one hand, and institutional effects on the other. European cross-border healthcare in forms of regional projects and privately or publicly organized healthcare arrangements has already become a reality in many European countries, especially in border regions. The main research questions which guides this thesis can be be put as follows: How does European integration in healthcare impact on the interests, practices and strategies of national actors that operate between national institutional constraints and European opportunities? And if national actors’ interests and strategies change, does this in turn have repercussions on the national institutional rules of healthcare governance? Given that European integration in healthcare delivery is a rather a “recent” phenomenon, and based on the assumption that actors’ strategies change more easily than national institutions, the following hypothesis is tested: Even if national healthcare actors use Europe – and hence their practices and strategies change – their interests remain largely determined by the national institutional set-up of the healthcare system. The institutional boundaries of the national healthcare system may have become porous, but for the time being they remain intact. The main findings of this study confirm the hypothesis and can be summarized as follows: Austrian actors responsible for the delivery of healthcare actively integrate various usages Europe into their existing practices of healthcare governance. These usages of Europe are more frequent at European level than at national level. Those actors who have important legal competencies, financial resources, and hence power in healthcare governance at national level, are also in a better position to use Europe effectively than those actors who lack such national resources. Limited usages of Europe at national level by corporate actors can best be accounted for by practices of consensually governing a typically Bismarckian healthcare system. None of the actors analysed, no matter how critical their stance vis-à-vis their own healthcare system might be, puts into question the legitimacy of the national healthcare system in the light of increased European competencies in regulating cross-border healthcare. Advancing European integration, mainly through the ECJ’s rulings on cross-border healthcare, might have rendered national institutional boundaries porous, but national institutions retain – at least for the time being – their power of channelling actors’ interests and of influencing corresponding practices of healthcare governance. These results invite us to further investigate which kind of healthcare governance structures are being developed at European level in parallel to those existing at national level, and to what extent Bismarckian welfare regimes might be showing resistance to institutional change induced by European integration.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Ojala, Carl-Gösta. "Sámi Prehistories : The Politics of Archaeology and Identity in Northernmost Europe." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108857.

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Throughout the history of archaeology, the Sámi (the indigenous people in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in the Russian Federation) have been conceptualized as the “Others” in relation to the national identity and (pre)history of the modern states. It is only in the last decades that a field of Sámi archaeology that studies Sámi (pre)history in its own right has emerged, parallel with an ethnic and cultural revival among Sámi groups. This dissertation investigates the notions of Sámi prehistory and archaeology, partly from a research historical perspective and partly from a more contemporary political perspective. It explores how the Sámi and ideas about the Sámi past have been represented in archaeological narratives from the early 19th century until today, as well as the development of an academic field of Sámi archaeology. The study consists of four main parts: 1) A critical examination of the conceptualization of ethnicity, nationalism and indigeneity in archaeological research. 2) A historical analysis of the representations and debates on Sámi prehistory, primarily in Sweden but also to some extent in Norway and Finland, focusing on four main themes: the origin of the Sámi people, South Sámi prehistory as a contested field of study, the development of reindeer herding, and Sámi pre-Christian religion. 3) An analysis of the study of the Sámi past in Russia, and a discussion on archaeological research and constructions of ethnicity and indigeneity in the Russian Federation and the Soviet Union. 4) An examination of the claims for greater Sámi self-determination concerning cultural heritage management and the debates on repatriation and reburial in the Nordic countries. In the dissertation, it is argued that there is a great need for discussions on the ethics and politics of archaeological research. A relational network approach is suggested as a way of opening up some of the black boxes and bounded, static entities in the representations of people in the past in the North.
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Books on the topic "European federation – History"

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European Union history: Themes and debates. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

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Stirk, Peter M. R. A history of European integration since 1914. London: Continuum, 1996.

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A history of European integration since 1914. New York: Pinter, 1996.

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European integration between history and new challenges. Bologna: Società editrice Il mulino, 2014.

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Griffiths, Richard T. Europe's first constitution: The European political community, 1952-1954. London: Kogan Page, 2001.

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Storia dell'integrazione europea. Milano: Guerini scientifica, 2011.

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The European Baptist Federation: A case study in European Baptist interdependency, 1950-2006. Milton Keynes: Paternoster, 2009.

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Switzerland) Colloque "Historique et perspectives de l'intégration européenne" (2001 Lausanne. L'intégration européenne: Historique et perspectives : Lausanne, 7 et 8 novembre 2001 = European integration : history and perspectives. Zürich: Schulthess, 2002.

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Heywood, Robert W. European Community: Idea and reality : an introduction to the history of European Community. San Francisco: EM Text, 1990.

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Lambros, Couloubaritsis, ed. The origins of European identity. Brussels: European Interuniversity Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "European federation – History"

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Bell, Duncan. "Alter Orbis: E. A. Freeman on Empire and Racial Destiny." In Making History. British Academy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265871.003.0012.

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This essay analyses E. A. Freeman’s views on the past, present, and future of the British Empire. It elucidates in particular how his understanding of Aryan racial history and the glories of Ancient Greece helped to shape his account of the British Empire and its pathologies. Freeman was deeply critical of both the British Empire in India and projects for Imperial Federation. Yet he was no ‘little Englander.’ Indeed, it is argued that Freeman’s scepticism about modern European forms of empire-building was informed by an ambition to establish a globe-spanning political community composed of the ‘English-speaking peoples’. At the core of this imagined racial community, united by kinship and common citizenship, stood the Anglo-American connection, and Freeman repeatedly sought to convince people on both sides of the Atlantic about their collective history and their shared destiny. For Freeman, the institutions of formal empire stood in the way of this grandiose vision of world order.
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Szabó, István. "The Legacy of the Habsburg Empire in the Constitutional Traditions of Successor States." In Comparative Constitutionalism in Central Europe : Analysis on Certain Central and Eastern European Countries, 21–36. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.lcslt.ccice_2.

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The states established in the territory of the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy after World War I opened a new chapter in the history of the region. However, the problems arising from the heterogeneous ethnic composition remained the same as before 1918. The question was: can a state organization be formed in which all nations can preserve their own identity? This was also the main goal of the Habsburg Empire after the “spring of the peoples” of 1848. The study reviews the reform efforts of these 70 years, and what particular steps and reform plans were taken after 1848 to resolve ethnic tensions. The most important issue was to establish the internal division of the empire, along historical or ethnic boundaries. The starting point was how historical boundaries could be transformed into ethnic ones. The nations of the empire may agree with each other, but if they do not, the ruler must make that decision. This formed the second essential question: is the reform of the empire based on popular sovereignty or monarchical legitimacy? The third problem was the model of state organization formed by the interior of the empire. They should either form a loose federation of states, or a federal state with a closer relationship. The most significant reform implemented was the 1867 Compromise, which followed historical boundaries, rested on the principle of popular sovereignty, and created a loose state union. However, many nations of the empire were dissatisfied with this. Subsequent internal reforms (the Croatian compromise on the Hungarian side and the Moravian or Galician compromise on the Austrian side) could not solve this properly either.
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Pallai, László. "The Development of Integration Theories in Hungary." In The Development of European and Regional Integration Theories in Central European Countries, 45–66. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.mgih.doleritincec_3.

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Since the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the idea of integration has been on the agenda in Hungary, as well as in Central and Eastern Europe. It materialized in the formulation of various federation and confederation plans. Even though these ideas were generally far removed from political reality and therefore, had little chance of being realized, they were nevertheless reformulated. In the 19th century, the federation ideas of the Habsburg Empire were dominant, which also meant preserving the territorial unity of historic Hungary. Between the two world wars, the most influential and resonant ideas were those of the Pan-European movement and those from the Germans in various forms of Mitteleuropa. After the Second World War, Soviet-style forms of integration prevailed. Following the political transitions, the so-called Visegrad concept gained new momentum and is now dominant in the region.
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Coyle, Andrew. "The legacy of the Gulag." In Prisons of the World, 56–77. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447362470.003.0006.

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This chapter describes the desperate conditions in some of the most infamous prisons and labour colonies in a number of the countries of the former Soviet Union, such as Belarus, throughout the 1990s. For over a decade the author was a regular visitor to the region in various contexts: as a member of the Russia/Council of Europe programme on the Reform of the Prison System in the Russian Federation; as an expert member of several visits of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture to the region; with the World Health Organisation for work in tackling the problem of rampant tuberculosis in places of detention; and for work on the abolition of the death penalty. The chapter is also interspersed with accounts of his presence during some historic moments including the attempted coup against President Boris Yeltsin in Moscow in 1993.
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Hudson, Victoria. "District of the Russian Orthodox Church in Kazakhstan to the Emigration of Ethnic Russians from Independent Kazakhstan." In Religion and Forced Displacement in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727556_ch12.

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This chapter will explore how the Russian Orthodox Church of the Kazakhstan Metropolitan District has responded to the dramatic shrinking of the Russian community in Kazakhstan over the past three decades due to the out-migration of ethnic Russian citizens of Kazakhstan to, above all, the Russian Federation. It will present national- and regional-level statistics to demonstrate Kazakhstan’s changing demographic composition, and explore the reasons for the exodus with reference to interviews with ethnic Russians who left Kazakhstan for Russia. The chapter will then provide an overview of the history of the Russian Orthodox Church in Kazakhstan before presenting an analysis of its discursive and practical response to meeting the humanitarian needs of its flock, including those experiencing difficulties as a result of post-Soviet societal changes in Kazakhstan and the migration of a significant proportion of the Russian and Russophone community of Kazakhstan.
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Abuseridze, Giga, and Janis Grasis. "Legal and Economic Consequences of Russia's Expansionary Policy." In Handbook of Research on Ethnic, Racial, and Religious Conflicts and Their Impact on State and Social Security, 243–56. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8911-3.ch015.

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In the recent history of the world, especially in the last two decades, large-scale military actions by Russia and Russian intervention have attracted wide international attention. Russia's increasingly confrontational stance has been manifested in military interventions in Georgia (2008) and in Ukraine (2014). The occupation/annexation of the territories of Georgia and Ukraine by the Russian Federation is a gross violation of the principle of sovereignty and territorial integrity of a country, as well as of the norms and principles of international law, that have significantly changed the international order established between the states and called into question the security of the Black Sea region and Europe as a whole. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a legal analysis of Russia's aggressive policy and the economic consequences of Ukraine and Georgia as aggrieved parties.
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Lecours, André. "Nationalism, Secessionism, and Autonomy." In Nationalism, Secessionism, and Autonomy, 143–72. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846754.003.0007.

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This chapter examines three additional cases: the Basque Country, Puerto Rico, and Québec. The objective behind these supplemental case studies is twofold. First, for the Basque Country, the goal is to understand why there has not been a strengthening of secessionism like in Catalonia. The chapter explains that Basque nationalism is exceptional for its history of political violence, which renders extremely difficult the type of alliance between nationalist forces that has occurred in Catalonia. Next, the chapter looks at Puerto Rico and Québec to assess how a focus on the nature of autonomy to explain the strength of secessionism travels beyond Western Europe. The case of Puerto Rico, where secessionism has always been marginal, helps to tease out the potential importance of perceptions on autonomy. Although Puerto Rican autonomy has not been adjusted, political debates over the constitutional future of the island, namely through multiple referendums on status, have likely fed perceptions that Puerto Ricans can change their autonomy, either through an enhancement of the current status or by becoming a state of the American federation. In Québec, the weakening of secessionism in the last decades has corresponded with a switch from constitutional reform to intergovernmental agreements as instruments for managing the position of the province within the federation. Constitutional change is difficult in Canada; consequently, Québec’s autonomy has been static constitutionally. As a result, when the focus for managing autonomy is placed on constitutional negotiations, secessionism in the province strengthens. When autonomy is managed through intergovernmental agreements, secessionism weakens.
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Saunders, Robert A. "Popular Geo-politics, Strategic Narratives and Soft Power in Viking (2016) and Guardians (2017)." In Cinema and Soft Power, 140–68. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456272.003.0008.

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This chapter analyses on two recent big-budget Russian films, Viking/Викинг (2016) and Guardians/Защитники (2017), with the aim of interrogating contemporary examples of filmic fantasy. Its focus is these films’ respective roles as influencers of geopolitical codes and geographical imagination, both at ‘home’ (i.e. within Russian cultural space) and ‘abroad’ (i.e. Europe, North America, and East Asia). Situated at the nexus of soft power, nation branding, and popular geopolitics scholarship, this chapter employs and expands Saunders and Strukov’s analytical framework of the ‘popular geopolitics feedback loop’ (2017) as it applies to the Russian Federation. By examining the (geo)visual representations and (geo)politically pregnant content of these two films in relation to their ‘Hollywood’-based counterparts (Viking bears a great semblance to HBO’s Game of Thrones (2011-) and The History Channel’s Vikings (2013-) while Guardians’ is a clear adaptation of Marvel’s The Avengers series (2012-) and its adjuncts [Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, etc.]), this study seeks to explore the ways in which soft power flows can be more effectively employed using pre-established modalities of popular cultural persuasion
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Kryńska, Elwira J. "Deportacje i zniewolenie polskich dzieci wywiezionych w głąb Związku Sowieckiego w latach 1939–1941." In Dziecko w historii - między godnością a zniewoleniem. Tom 2. Godność jako źródło naszego człowieczeństwa, 67–93. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/dhmgz.02.2022.05.

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The aim of the article was to describe the fate of Polish children under the Soviet totalitarianism in 1939–1941. It gave rise to expansive militarization, leading to horrific crimes, deportation and enslavement. The death machine of Stalin’s power did not spare the children. The ruling regime was equally ruthless and criminal towards children. Not only were the basic laws of war not respected, but also the most basic human rights. The Soviet occupier deprived Polish children of the right to education, the right to normal physical development, the right to organize any form of social life, the right to their own nationality, and the right to life. In the 21st century, children in Europe are again victims of the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation, the former Soviet Union. It seemed that the cruelty and barbarity of World War II prompted reflection and the natural process of thinking about counteracting physical and psychological violence. Meanwhile, it turns out that the criminal and barbaric actions of the aggressors – the Soviets and Germans of the last century – have been forgotten by the whole world, which is being used by Russia, which has made the reconstruction of its former empire its main goal. The implementation of these plans is terrifying, especially since the Kremlin leader is threatening the world with the use of chemical and nuclear weapons after the illegal invasion of Ukraine.
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Pavićević, Aleksandra. "Travelling through the Battle Fields. The Cult of the Bogorodica in Serbian Tradition and Contemporary Times." In Traces of the Virgin Mary in Post-Communist Europe. Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, VEDA, Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/2019.9788022417822.234-249.

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The chapter deals with the role of the Virgin Mary in the nation- state building process in Serbia. The beginning of the process of religious revival in Serbia coincided with the beginning of the social, economic and political crisis in the former Socialistic Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, which took place at the beginning of the 1990s. There was an urgent need to find new collective identity, since the earlier had been reduced to rubble. At the individual level, this process primarily implied increased participation in rites within the life cycle of an individual (baptism, wedding, and funeral), followed by popularisation of the practice of celebrating family's patron saint days and, only in the end and on the smallest scale, by an increase in the number of believers taking an active part in regular church services. On the collective level, the traditional closeness of the Serbian Orthodox Church and Serb people and the state was the basic paradigm of such restructuring. The attempt to establish continuity with the tradition of the medieval Serb state, which implied active participation of the Church in both social and political matters, as well as the grafting of this relationship in the secular state and civil society in Serbia at the end of the second millennium, turned out to be a multi-tiered issue (Jevtić 1997). At mass celebrations, as well as at revolutionary street protest rallies (which were plentiful in the capital during the last dozen years or so) and at celebrations of the town's patron saint days and various festivities, the image of the ‘Bogorodica’ [Gr. ‘Theotokos’, i.e. The Mother of God]; appears. Leading the processional walks of the towns, it emerges as a symbol which manages to mobilise the nation with its fullness and multi-layered meaning. The main thesis of the chapter is to explain the historical roots of her cult and her embeddedness in the national history and identity in Serbia. The cult of the ‘Bogorodica’ has always had greater importance on the macro than on the micro level. This is corroborated by the fact that a relatively small number of families celebrated some of the ‘Bogorodica’ holidays as their Patron St Day, while a large number of monasteries and churches, as well as village Patron St Days were dedicated to one of them (Grujić 1985: 436). On the other hand, some authors believe that, with the acceptance of Christianity, it was the cult of the ‘Bogorodica’ which was the most developed among the Serb population, because her main and most widely recognisable epithet Baba, connected to giving birth, was directly associated with the powerful female pagan divinities such as the Great Mother, Grandmother etc. (Petrović 2001: 55; Čajkanović 1994a: 339). In the folk perception, the ‘Presveta Bogorodica’ [The Most Holy Mother of God] is unambiguously connected to the phenomenon and process of birth-giving and, that is why, barren women most frequently addressed the ‘Bogorodica’ for assistance. The observance of the image of the ‘Bogorodica’ was specifically connected with the so-called miracle icons, that is, her paintings linked to some miraculous event, either locally or generally. This was most frequently related to the icons which were famous for discharging myrrh, as well as icons which would ‘cry’ in certain situations, as well as those that changed the place of residence in a miraculous manner. The use of icons in wars, either those of conquest or defensive, appears to be a widely spread practice in the Orthodox world. It was noted that Serb noblemen carried standards with images of various saints to wars, and that the cities were frequently placed under the protection of certain icons. The author shows how, travelling through towns and battlefields, throughout the decades and centuries, the ‘Bogorodica’ appeared through its holy image at the end of the second millennium as the protectress, advocate, Pointer of the Way and foster mother of those who were, possibly more than ever, in need of miracles and waymarks.
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Conference papers on the topic "European federation – History"

1

Igdirov, Boris. "On the criteria for the application of a new mechanism for the enforcement of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in the Russian Federation." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23330.

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Omelyanenko, T. Z., N. A. Bagrikova, V. G. Kulakov, and Yu Yu Kulakova. "State of knowledge and research prospects of Iva xanthifolia Nutt. – alien species in the Crimean flora." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-36.

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The analysis of literature references on the history of dispersal of invasive plant Iva xanthifolia Nutt., as well as results of our own field observations in the Crimean Peninsula, are presented. Iva xanthifolia is invasive species in 10 European countries and in 46 regions of the Russian Federation. Study of herbarium specimens (YALT, SIMF) and our field studies have shown that the species is now widely distributed along embankments of highways and railways, along settlements and towns, in weedy and disturbed areas in the Republic of Crimea. The negative role of the species for the export of Russian grain in other countries is noted.
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Zubareva, Olga. "Achievements and contradictions of the Council of Europe and the Russian Federation in the field of advocacy." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23324.

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Sarmin, Nikolay. "Opportunities for harmonization of legal systems in Europe and the Russian Federation in the field of consumer protection." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23320.

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Vasilevskaya, Lyudmila. "Foreign Institutions in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: Problems and Contradictions." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23309.

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Tarasova, Anna. "Achievements and contradictions of the Council of Europe and the Russian Federation in the field of ensuring and protecting the housing rights of citizens." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23316.

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