Journal articles on the topic 'European Electronic Movement'
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Matić Bošković, Marina. "IMPACT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES ON FREE MOVEMENT OF EVIDENCE IN EUROPEAN UNION." Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law 59, no. 3 (December 29, 2021): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.59.3.6.
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According to the estimate of the EU Commission 85 percent of criminal investigations require electronic evidence, while in almost two thirds (65 percent) of the investigations where e-evidence is relevant. Investigation and prosecution of crime increasingly relies on the possibility to have access to data held by service providers, as private company. Modern criminal investigation and use of electronic evidence imposes challenges to the right to fair trial and rule of law standards. The paper identifies benefits and challenges of proposed EU instruments for facilitating e-evidence. The European Commission proposed Regulation of Production Order and Preservation Order with the aim to facilitate access to relevant data stored by service providers. The paper recognizes shortcomings of the proposed Regulation. The biggest challenge is lack of judicial oversight of orders, as a guarantee of fair trial. The paper includes recommendations and policy options for promoting judicial system for cross border access and collection of electronic data in line with EU fundamental rights standards.
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Teotino, D., Marina Ruggieri, and Antonio Nuzzo. "European Airport movement management: The Italian challenge." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 23, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aes-m.2008.4444482.
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Clua-Losada, Mònica. "Allied Against Austerity Transnational Cooperation in European Anti-Austerity Movement." Politics of the Low Countries 3, no. 2 (September 2021): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/plc/.000015.
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Hibner, Jacek. "The Development of an Information Society and Electronic Commerce in the European Union in the Context of Selected Documents of the EU and International Organisations." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 15, no. 1 (July 4, 2012): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-012-0006-x.
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Due to the rapidly growing use of the Internet, the development of electronic commerce (defined by the World Trade Organization as “the production, distribution, marketing, sale or delivery of goods and services by electronic means”1) has become one of the key aspects of today’s sustained growth. It influences productivity, facilitates the international movement of goods and services, and stimulates export and import trade. The European Union, as well as many multinational organisations, is working towards the harmonisation of their rules, and to facilitate and streamline this kind of international exchange. In this article, the author presents selected documents on electronic commerce published by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce and the European Union since 1994.
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Krylova, M. S. "Peculiarities of legal protection of personal data of minors in the field of electronic communication in the European Union." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 3 (May 4, 2019): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.100.3.194-199.
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The paper considers the peculiarities of the legal protection of personal data of minors in the field of electronic communications in the European Union. The reasons for the expediency of introducing differentiated rules for minors in the context of the realization of the right to protection of personal data are substantiated. In addition, the article analyzes the provisions of Regulation (EC) 2016/679 on the protection of individuals in the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data which entered into force in May 2018. The author reflects its innovations regarding the conditions for applying to the minors the concept of informed consent for processing and measures to verify the age of data, including the provision of services in electronic communications.
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Gavrilov, Goce, Elena Vlahu-Gjorgievska, and Vladimir Trajkovik. "Healthcare data warehouse system supporting cross-border interoperability." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 2 (October 4, 2019): 1321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458219876793.
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The free movement of European citizens across member states of the European Union adds an important level of complexity to strategic efforts of health interoperability. The use of electronic health data has been marked as an important strategic activity and policy to improve healthcare in European countries. Cross-border healthcare depends on the ability to set up shared practices with respect to patient data exchange across the countries. Data flow must comply with demanding security, legal and interoperability requirements, as defined by the European Patients Smart Open Services project specifications. The aim of this article is to propose a novel design of healthcare data warehouse based on the restructured Extract–Transform–Load process. We describe a portal framework that offers a comprehensive set of interoperability services to enable national e-Health platforms to set up cross-border health information networks compliant with European Patients Smart Open Services. The presented approach incorporates the technical and organizational interoperability by interconnecting Health Level Seven standard and Open National Contact Points framework in order to provide a modular, scalable and inter-operating architecture.
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Al-Salem, Waleed, Paula Moraga, Hani Ghazi, Syra Madad, and Peter J. Hotez. "The emergence and transmission of COVID-19 in European countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment." International Health 13, no. 5 (July 31, 2021): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihab037.
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Abstract When it emerged in late 2019, COVID-19 was carried via travelers to Germany, France and Italy, where freedom of movement accelerated its transmission throughout Europe. However, effective non-pharmaceutical interventions introduced by European governments led to containment of the rapid increase in cases within European nations. Electronic searches were performed to obtain the number of confirmed cases, incident rates and non-pharmaceutical government measures for each European country. The spread and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions throughout Europe were assessed and visualized. Specifically, heatmaps were used to represent the number of confirmed cases and incident rates for each of the countries over time. In addition, maps were created showing the number of confirmed cases and incident rates in Europe on three different dates (15 March, 15 April and 15 May 2020), which allowed us to assess the geographic and temporal patterns of the disease.
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Trubnikov, Dimitrii. "The Public Choice View at the “Deregulation” Movement: Analyzing the Experience of European Telecommunications." Law, State and Telecommunications Review 11, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v11i1.24846.
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Purpose – The liberalization of European telecommunications has been expressed in highly concentrated markets with several major players at the pan-European level. Instead of fostering competitive marketplaces, the reform has created an oligopolistic landscape with powerful private corporations. This induces reasonable questions about the real objectives and the chosen ways of the reform.
Methodology/approach/design – The deregulatory movement in the telecommunications sector is analyzed through contrasting perspectives of the public interest approach and public choice theory.
Findings – The chance to change the landscape of the industry has been missed, and the current trend towards the global oligopolistic marketplace yields an unprecedented amount of economic power to narrow groups at the global scale. The liberalization movement introduced market mechanisms in the industry, but the real free and open market has never been formed, and it is possible to assert that it has never been among the real objectives and intentions of the policymakers.
Originality/value – The recent surge of “liberalization” in the telecommunications industry speaks rather in favor of the hypothesis of vested private interests in the policy and that they have always been greatly covered by the sauce of public interest justifications. The case of telecommunications shows that ideas and understanding of economic phenomena played an important role in adoption of regulatory regimes, and it is apparent that people on the top of the social pyramid have opportunities to pick up and foster those ideas that better fit their private needs.
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Imarhiagbe, Miriam. "Right to Repair in EU Competition Law." Nordic Journal of European Law 5, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36969/njel.v5i1.24505.
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The Right to Repair-movement focuses on a fairly simple goal: an increase of sustainability through a consumer’s right to repair a good instead of disposing it and buying a replacement. However, this thought has yet to be comprehensively anchored in European legislation. In US law, for example, the Right to Repair movement has already achieved some developments in copyright law and even is pursuing its goals in antitrust. These measures frequently revolve around the automotive industry (especially regarding agricultural vehicles) as well as the electronic aftermarket. In contrast, EU law has – despite ambitiously efforts for sustainability goals – not given the right to repair the most prominent place in its environmentally-friendly toolbox yet. Still, the Right to Repair has left some marks in the EU and its traces can be found in the current legal framework – even in competition law.
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Tkachenko, K. I., G. S. Dudakov, A. L. Zolkin, N. N. Malova, and T. N. Mozharova. "Digitalization of tax processes in the EAEU countries as a factor of stabilization from global financial shocks." SHS Web of Conferences 141 (2022): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214101001.
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The development of digital tools requires changes in all spheres of life. First of all, e-commerce including electronic capital movement, electronic data interchange, electronic commerce, electronic banking and electronic marketing shall be studied, since it is a very important component. The issues of regulating the processes of taxation of relevant transactions with cryptocurrencies both at the national and international levels are being updated. In addition to the harmonization and unification of tax legislation in the field of legal regulation of transactions with cryptocurrencies at the level of acts of the EAEU and the European Commission as a permanent body of the EAEU, the process of unification of the national legislation of the EAEU member states shall take place in order to converge the norms for the most efficient implementation of foreign economic activity. Within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), these mechanisms are not sufficiently developed. The article explores the problems of taxation in the digital economy of the EAEU. As conclusions, recommendations for the digitalization of tax processes in the EAEU have been developed.
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Shen, Tuo, and Haifeng Song. "A New Movement Authority Based on Vehicle-Centric Communication." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7451361.
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The communication system that is presently applied in the European Train Control System can only support data exchange between vehicles and ground, but the direct vehicle-to-vehicle communication is not available. The details of interlocking information and other vehicles’ movements are invisible to drivers who are the last defense to prevent unsafe scenarios. As connected vehicles have been envisioned to enhance transportation efficiency and improve safety, the direct vehicle-to-vehicle communication network is involved in this paper to increase the safety of railway transport. In this paper, a new train movement authority (MA+) is proposed. Apart from a wireless communication unit, this system does not require any other infrastructure. With the assistance of vehicle-centric communication technology, MA+ can detect the condition of switches and trains within a certain scope. In this paper, the system structure of MA+ is proposed. Additionally, different implementation scenarios are also discussed. The detection range is estimated and validated based on mathematical calculation and experimental equations. An application demo of MA+ is presented on the Driver Machine Interface of the onboard equipment. The results indicate that MA+ can be a flexible and scalable system for furthering the improvement of railway safety.
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Gajda, Anastazja. "Znaczenie unijnego systemu wjazdu/wyjazdu dla wzmocnienia bezpieczeństwa i skutecznego zarządzania granicami zewnętrznymi." Przegląd europejski 3 (May 12, 2019): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1933.
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The European Union strives for modern and effective border management through the use of the new technologies. This study concerns the adopted on 30 November 2017 EU Entry/Exit System. This system, which is expected to become fully operational by 2020, should contribute to the acceleration of border controls at the external borders of the Schengen area and increase the freedom of movement while enhancing the Union’s internal security. In addition, it is currently replacing the existing system of manual stamping of passports and will register electronic data on entries/exits (and information on refusal of entry) of third-country nationals who have been granted a short-term stay in the Schengen area.
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Glanowski, Grzegorz. "Legal Status of Telemedicine in the Internal Market." European Journal of Health Law 23, no. 3 (June 14, 2016): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12341414.
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Health services enjoy freedom of movement within the European Union (eu). This freedom also applies to information society services (iss). This article presents a legal framework within which it is possible to provide qualifying health services with the help of information and telecommunications technology (ict) as iss. Due to the ambiguity of eu regulation, the problem regarding how to determine whether a particular medical service corresponds to favourable structural iss conditions is considered. Since telemedicine makes a wide application of electronic devices possible, a new element appears in the relationship between physicians and their patients. Therefore, using electronic devices may cause numerous doubts regarding the normative status of these devices, since they modify the physician’s responsibility and affect the scope of his duty with regard to information. At the same time, the complexity of functional elements (actions) necessary to provide health services using ict can, in some cases, prevent them from being recognised as iss.
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Duraku, Azem. "Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 2 (June 12, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v2i2.p40-49.
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Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The average of open procedure application in EU countries is 73% based on notices, whereas in Kosovo is 82.80% based on notices. In the end of 2014, Kosovo commenced the development of electronic procurement platform. This project takes place within the Public Sector Modernization Project. The importance of the electronic procurement is stated in the statement of European Commission: “Modernization and opening of procurement markets across borders – including through the electronic procurement expansion – are crucial for the competition in Europe and creating new opportunities for businesses in EU”. A good procurement system in Kosovo will have an impact on elimination of negative phenomena (corruption and bad management) in the management of public expenditures from spending agencies, as well as an impact on increase of budget saving. Key words: public expenditures, value for money, bad management, procurement, electronic procurement.
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Duraku, Azem. "Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 3, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v3i1.p40-49.
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Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The average of open procedure application in EU countries is 73% based on notices, whereas in Kosovo is 82.80% based on notices. In the end of 2014, Kosovo commenced the development of electronic procurement platform. This project takes place within the Public Sector Modernization Project. The importance of the electronic procurement is stated in the statement of European Commission: “Modernization and opening of procurement markets across borders – including through the electronic procurement expansion – are crucial for the competition in Europe and creating new opportunities for businesses in EU”. A good procurement system in Kosovo will have an impact on elimination of negative phenomena (corruption and bad management) in the management of public expenditures from spending agencies, as well as an impact on increase of budget saving. Key words: public expenditures, value for money, bad management, procurement, electronic procurement.
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FISHER, I. S. T., and E. J. THRELFALL. "The Enter-net and Salm-gene databases of foodborne bacterial pathogens that cause human infections in Europe and beyond: an international collaboration in surveillance and the development of intervention strategies." Epidemiology and Infection 133, no. 1 (October 8, 2004): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880400305x.
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The free movement of people and foodstuffs between countries are effective ways of distributing disease internationally. There is a requirement for a mechanism whereby data and information on potential outbreaks of foodborne pathogens can be disseminated rapidly to those who need to know. The Enter-net dedicated surveillance network provides this mechanism, complemented by the Salm-gene molecular typing network. Data on epidemiological and microbiological features on current cases, as well as background levels of infections are immediately available within the Enter-net databases. The Salm-gene network with its database of harmonized salmonella PFGE patterns from the participating European countries provides immediate, and electronically exchangeable, DNA fingerprints of outbreak strains. This prompt electronic dissemination of information regarding unusual events with international implications ensures that public health interventions can be implemented and cases of foodborne disease prevented.
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Minashkin, V. G., and P. E. Prokhorov. "Statistical analysis of the use of digital technologies in organizations: regional aspect." Statistics and Economics 15, no. 5 (November 13, 2018): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2018-5-51-62.
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Purpose of the study. The digitization of the economy transforms the ways of delivering and consuming goods and services, which in turn affects all spheres of human activity. The field of electronic commerce is a relatively young area of statistical observation, therefore, at present, researchers, government officials, business representatives and other interested persons lack statistical information, which, in turn, helps to study the economic, social and environmental consequences of the digitized world. The purpose of this study is a quantitative description of the development trends and the degree of regional differentiation of electronic commerce in the Russian Federation in the context of international comparisons.Materials and methods. The article used the official statistical information of Rosstat and Eurostat, on the basis of which the trends in the development of electronic interaction in the business sphere were analyzed and tools were proposed for a quantitative description of regional digital gaps in the regions of Russia and the European Union countries for 2010–2017. As quantitative characteristics of regional differentiation, statistical indicators of variation and localization indicators were used (based on Gini and Lorentz coefficients). Results. The analysis conducted in the study showed the consistency of assessments of the regional digital divide based on economic and statistical indicators. This approach expands the possibilities for an in-depth quantitative description of the processes occurring in the field of digital trading. In addition, it was possible to identify the level of development of e-commerce in Russia in comparison with the leading economies of the European Union, as well as identify the scale of penetration of broadband Internet access among organizations, the involvement of Russian regions and European countries in the processes of placing and receiving orders for goods and services in the global network. According to the results of the study, it should be concluded that despite the obvious leading position of some European countries not only in comparison with Russian regions, but also on a global scale, the development of e-commerce in Russia and the European Union occurs at a comparable pace. It should also be noted that in the case of Russia, this development is more homogeneous in terms of regional differentiation.Conclusion. Despite the fact that digitalization is transforming both business and personal life, there is currently an extremely small amount of information that helps quantify the economic, social and environmental consequences of this phenomenon. In order to further improve the statistical accounting of the digital economy in general and aspects of electronic commerce in particular, at this stage it is necessary: to determine the nature, structure, characteristics, elements, levels of control, movement of the digital economy’s commodity money supply for statistical purposes; identify specific digital technologies, their use in sectors of the economy and their contribution to the gross domestic product; develop a system of statistical indicators on the basis of state programs and strategies, the current methodology of statistical accounting of the information society, international recommendations and development of quantitative measurement of non-governmental organizations.
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Duraku, Azem. "Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0010.
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Abstract Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The average of open procedure application in EU countries is 73% based on notices, whereas in Kosovo is 82.80% based on notices. In the end of 2014, Kosovo commenced the development of electronic procurement platform. This project takes place within the Public Sector Modernization Project. The importance of the electronic procurement is stated in the statement of European Commission: “Modernization and opening of procurement markets across borders - including through the electronic procurement expansion - are crucial for the competition in Europe and creating new opportunities for businesses in EU”. A good procurement system in Kosovo will have an impact on elimination of negative phenomena (corruption and bad management) in the management of public expenditures from spending agencies, as well as an impact on increase of budget saving.
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Verschueren, Herwig. "The Renewed EU Social Security Coordination in Regulation No. 883/2004 and Its Link with Bilateral Tax Agreements." EC Tax Review 21, Issue 2 (April 1, 2012): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2012010.
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This article gives a general outline of the new European coordination rules regarding social security in Regulation No. 883/2004 that came into effect on 1 May 2010. These rules have not been fundamentally changed compared to the previous rules in Regulation No. 1408/71. However, there are some important innovations, and the provisions have been simplified, rewritten, and adapted. As for the rules on the determination of the applicable legislation, the State of employment principle has been confirmed and even strengthened. In actual practice, the new rules and agreements on a better administrative collaboration between the Member States, inter alia, via electronic exchange of data, will be of the utmost importance. Yet, this new European social security coordination has not changed anything with regard to the lack of coordination with the rules on the determination of the applicable legislation in bilateral tax agreements. This can lead to situations in which a migrating person contributes in more than one State to the funding of social security that is sometimes considered to be an obstacle to the free movement of persons. However, both from the political and legal analyses in this article, it follows that a better coordination between the rules to determine the applicable legislation in social security and in tax matters will not come about easily and probable only on a case-by-case basis.
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Kulyk, O. I. "LEGAL BASIS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION INFLUENCE ON THE VIRTUAL ASSETS MARKET." Economics and Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2021.01.071.
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The article analyses the legal basis of the European Union (EU) influence on the virtual assets market. It was found that the current EU legislation on the virtual assets is still full of legal gaps and does not ensure proper market regulation because of the early stage of its development. The absence of a unanimous position regarding the virtual assets market regulation forces the EU Member States to apply their own, sometimes contradictory, approaches to market regulation. It disaffirms the basic principles of the European Singe Market functioning, in particular the free movement of goods and services. It was found that according to the current EU legislation, virtual assets may be qualified as payment tokens, investment tokens and utility tokens. Payment tokens may be considered as electronic money or funds. They are covered by the Directive (EU) 2009/110 and the Directive (EU) 2015/2366. For the purposes of anti-money laundering, virtual assets may also be classified as virtual currencies under the Directive (EU) 2018/843. Investment tokens may be qualified as transferable securities or other financial instruments and will therefore fall within the scope of the Directive (EU) 2014/65. Utility tokens are not covered by EU legislation for now. Instead of merely addressing issues and challenges of virtual assets, the European Commission took a broader approach to the future development of the virtual assets market in the EU, and adopted on 24.09.2020 a new Digital Finance Package. At the core of the mentioned Digital Finance Package are the legislative proposals for an EU regulatory framework on virtual assets. This includes the proposal for a Regulation on Markets in Crypto-assets (MiCA) which is designed to provide a comprehensive bespoke regulatory framework for virtual assets in the EU. It was substantiated that MiCA is an ambitious EU legislative project that responds to an urgent policy need. However, further substantial revision of its detailed provisions will be necessary to provide a comprehensive regulatory framework of the EU influence on the virtual assets market.
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Odorige, Catherine. "The Shoppers; Venue Shopping, Asylum Shopping: A Resolution in EURODAC?" Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days 331 (July 12, 2018): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ocg.v331.19.
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The term shopping used in reference to two strictly legal/politically somewhat related issues ‘Asylum shopping’ and ‘Venue shopping’, belong to two different spheres of actors. Asylum shopping is descriptive of the action of asylum seekers selectivity, in choice of member state where they perceive better social and welfare conditions. Venue shopping, a concept introduced by Guiraudon in 2000, explain the action of movement by member states in the European Union from venues of national jurisdiction, less amenable to their search for more restrictive migration policy to venues howbeit transnational like transit countries and EU institutions suitable for their policy perspectives. This they did for the primary purpose of avoiding adversary activities of non-state actors and the judicial scrutiny within their national sphere. Common European Asylum System (CEAS) the Dublin Directive and the EURODAC are spill-over in the European integration Project, commonly referred to as the Schengen acquis in the area of migration and integration of third country nationals. The three directives are the results of policy search to administer the entrance and residence of third country nationals especially in the area of irregular migration.
This paper seeks to examine the inter-relationship between the two actors to which the commercial term shopping describes, how an electronic regulation in EURODAC became a check to their ‘shopping.’ For the asylum seekers exposing their agency, for the member states reducing anxieties, and influenced the ceding of powers hitherto held by member states through (intergovernmental) negotiations to the EU (Supranational) and the impact of these policy measures in checking security challenges and sanitization of this angle of asylum administration in the EU.
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Zhong, Qinghua, Haibo Lei, Qianru Chen, and Guofu Zhou. "A Sleep Stage Classification Algorithm of Wearable System Based on Multiscale Residual Convolutional Neural Network." Journal of Sensors 2021 (December 16, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8222721.
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Sleep disorder is a serious public health problem. Unobtrusive home sleep quality monitoring system can better open the way of sleep disorder-related diseases screening and health monitoring. In this work, a sleep stage classification algorithm based on multiscale residual convolutional neural network (MRCNN) was proposed to detect the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals detected by wearable systems and classify sleep stages. EEG signals were analyzed in each epoch of every 30 seconds, and then 5-class sleep stage classification, wake (W), rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM) including N1, N2, and N3 stages was outputted. Good results (accuracy rate of 92.06% and 91.13%, Cohen’s kappa of 0.7360 and 0.7001) were achieved with 5-fold cross-validation and independent subject cross-validation, respectively, which performed on European Data Format (EDF) dataset containing 197 whole-night polysomnographic sleep recordings. Compared with several representative deep learning methods, this method can easily obtain sleep stage information from single-channel EEG signals without specialized feature extraction, which is closer to clinical application. Experiments based on CinC2018 dataset also proved that the method has a good performance on large dataset and can provide support for sleep disorder-related diseases screening and health surveillance based on automatic sleep staging.
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Хаванова, Наталья, Natalya Khavanova, Елена Бокарева, and Elena Bokareva. "ANALYSIS OF THE RUSSIAN AND GLOBAL E-COMMERCE MARKET: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES." Services in Russia and abroad 11, no. 3 (July 5, 2017): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-042x-11-3-12.
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Informatization of the society and its constituent parts from individuals to organizations and states leads to an accelerated decision-making process, and, consequently, to the accelerated process of movement of goods and services, which are mostly realized via the Internet. There is no doubt that electronic commerce will become one of the dominant types of trade and one of the promising components of the "new economy" in the foreseeable future.
The popularity of electronic commerce is growing rapidly under the influence of various factors and the modern world cannot be imagined without online stores, all kinds of mobile applications that help to make purchases on all levels.
It goes without saying that e-commerce (online trade) will develop most rapidly in the most technologically advanced countries, such as the states of Europe, North America, Japan and China, having their own characteristics depending on national, demographic and other factors.
The Russian state has taken a course to modernize the country and is experiencing growth of information technology, and, consequently, of electronic commerce over the past 15 years. However, this occurs mainly in the European part of the country. But the rise of industry in the East (the construction of new roads, ports, factories, agro-industrial and military-industrial complexes) creates a favorable environment for business in general and for electronic commerce in particular. The investment attractiveness of the Far East also plays an important role. The changing way of life of the population and technological breakthrough create a new information and technological nation-wide economic environment, developing in close connection with the world economic development trends, experiencing their influence, and in turn influencing them.
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Rauzina, S. E., V. A. Shelgunov, and T. V. Zarubina. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE ELECTRONIC PRESCRIBTION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Social Aspects of Population Health 66, no. 5 (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2020-66-5-8.
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Development and implementation of the electronic prescription system is one of the priority areas of eHealth which fulfils a number of functions from prescribing medicines to comprehensive analysis of information and support for medical and management decisions. The current Russian legal framework legitimizes a doctor's prescription in the form of an electronic document. However, there is no definition of the following concepts in the legal acts: “Electronic prescription” and “Electronic prescription system”. The subject of the study is information space in the field of electronic prescription. The purpose is to study the Russian and foreign experience in its implementation, problems and prospects for its introduction at the national and cross-border level on the basis of descriptive and analytical methods. Analysis of the situation in the developed countries shows that currently most of the countries have implemented the electronic prescription system which involves physicians, pharmacists, regulatory organizations, insurance companies, and patients. This system ensures rapid interaction between all parties, lower medical errors, monitoring of medicines’ use, information analysis, and enables the patient to see the prescribed and provided medicines. Large-scale European eHealth projects of the last decade have initiated the exchange of digital prescriptions at the cross-border level, when a patient can get medicines from a pharmacy in the country of temporal residence with a prescription issued in the country of permanent resistance. Information support for the processes of prescribing and dispensing medicines in different regions of the Russian Federation is uneven, from its almost complete absence to full-fledged information systems close to the best analogues in the developed countries by functionality. Specific features of implementing the electronic prescription system in Russia are related to the obligatory registration of information related to supply of medicines to benefit recipients, involvement into circulation of medicines of systems and subsystems of various organizations: registration, keeping the state register of medicines, monitoring of medicine movement, monitoring of procurement, prescription and write off in health care facilities, dispensing within the pharmacy network, circulation of medicines and medical devices of the Eurasian Economic Union countries. It is impossible to develop a full-fledged system of electronic prescription in the Russian Federation without consolidated efforts of all parties, legislative consolidation of basic concepts, a unified information space, and standard data management approaches. Keywords: eHealth; electronic prescription (e-prescription); electronic prescription system; system of electronic drug prescription; medical information system; information system of drug provision to benefit recipients; information support for prescription.
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Kufel, Tadeusz, Paweł Kufel, and Marcin Błażejowski. "Do COVID-19 Lock-Downs Affect Business Cycle? Analysis Using Energy Consumption Cycle Clock for Selected European Countries." Energies 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010340.
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On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 epidemic to be a global pandemic. This was a consequence of the rapid increase in the number of people with positive test results, the increase in deaths due to COVID-19, and the lack of pharmaceutical drugs. Governments introduced national lockdowns, which have impacted both energy consumption and economies. The purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: do COVID-19 lockdowns affect the business cycle? We used the cycle clock approach to assess the magnitude of decrease in electricity consumption in the three waves of the epidemic, namely, April 2020, November 2021, and April 2021. Additionally, we checked the relation between energy consumption and GDP by means of spectral analysis. Results for selected 28 European countries confirm an impact of the introduced non-pharmaceutical interventions on both energy consumption and business cycle. The reduction of restrictions in subsequent pandemic waves increased electricity consumption, which suggests movement out of the economic recession.
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Akhmedov, Daulet Sh, Denis I. Yeryomin, Dinara G. Zhaxygulova, and Rimma A. Kaliyeva. "INFORMATION SUPPORT OF OVERLAND TRANSIT FREIGHT TRAFFIC THROUGH THE TERRITORY OF KAZAKHSTAN." T-Comm 14, no. 8 (2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2020-14-8-53-59.
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This article is devoted to the topic of transit land freight traffic through the territory of Kazakhstan. The paper considers international railway and road communication routes passing through the territory of Kazakhstan and connecting the countries of the European Union, Russia, Central Asian countries and China, as well as transport projects in which Kazakhstan plays the role of a land bridge between Asia, Europe and the Middle East. Statistical data on the volume of transit cargo transportation through the territory of Kazakhstan for the past 5 years is given. The issue of providing information support for transit freight traffic is considered as one of the elements contributing to the full use of the transit potential of the country. For realization of information support of transit land freight traffic in the work it is offered a hardware and software complex for managing international transport transit corridors, which consists of electronic seals, data centre (DC) and information portal, and functions with application of modern technologies of satellite navigation and communication. This hardware and software complex allows monitoring the movement of transit cargo and guarantees its safety by locking the doors of the cargo compartment of vehicles and containers with electronic seals, which besides the role of a locking and sealing device acts as a device for registration and transfer of data on the state of the monitored object to the DC. The data received in the DC are checked for integrity, analysed, archived and transferred to the information portal, which provides user access to the system for visualization.
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Dawidowicz, Karol, Jacek Rapiński, Michał Śmieja, Paweł Wielgosz, Dawid Kwaśniak, Wojciech Jarmołowski, Tomasz Grzegory, et al. "Preliminary Results of an Astri/UWM EGNSS Receiver Antenna Calibration Facility." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 4639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144639.
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In 2019, the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, in cooperation with Astri Polska, started a European Space Agency (ESA) project. The purpose of the project is the development and implementation of a field calibration procedure for a multi-frequency and multi-system global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The methodology and algorithms proposed in the project are inspired by the “Hannover” concept of absolute field receiver antenna calibration; however, some innovations are introduced. In our approach, the antenna rotation point is close to the nominal mean phase center (MPC) of the antenna, although it does not coincide with it. Additionally, a National Marine Electronics Association local time zone (NMEA ZDA) message is used to synchronize the robot with the GNSS time. We also propose some modifications in robot arm movement scenarios. Our first test results demonstrate consistent performance for the calibration strategy and calibration procedure. For the global positioning system (GPS) L1 frequency, the calibration results show good agreement with the IGS-type mean values. For high satellite elevations (20°–90°), the differences do not exceed 1.5 mm. For low elevation angles (0°–20°), the consistency of the results is worse and the differences exceed a 3 mm level in some cases.
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Yungblud, V. T., and M. V. Bakshaev. "“We Will Not Change Our Attitude Towards You, Until You Change Your Attitude Towards Us”. How Washington Considered the Reaction of Western European Communist Parties to The Events in Afghanistan, 1978–1985." MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, no. 4 (September 9, 2022): 7–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-4-85-7-42.
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The invasion of a limited contingent of Soviet troops into Afghanistan at the end of 1979 caused a mixed reaction among the Communist parties in Europe. Some of them subject the actions of the USSR leadership to sharp criticism. The article reveals to what extent the US administration was aware of the critical attacks against the USSR and the CPSU by the most powerful Western European Communist parties to determine how the factor of Eurocommunism influenced the Afghan vector of the US policy in 1979-1982 and how the American course turned out for the Communist parties themselves. The study is based on published documents (including electronic collections) of the Administration of the President of the United States J. Carter, the State Department, and the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States, as well as unpublished documents of the Central Committee of the CPSU from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Modern History, press materials and memoirs. It is concluded that 1) the invasion of Soviet military units into Afghanistan provoked a fierce battle of superpowers on the periphery of the Cold War, and in fact, became its peak; 2) one of the results of the Soviet operation was a deeper split in the world communist movement with its subsequent decline; 3) the United States sought to take advantage of the escalated disagreements between the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the largest communist parties in Western Europe (especially Italian, to a lesser extent Spanish and French) and encouraged the actions of the European Communists aimed at distancing themselves from the CPSU and severing relations with the USSR. At the same time, Washington avoided public statements and actions that could look like a manifestation of solidarity with the Communist parties of Western Europe (primarily with the ICP), including the relation to the USSR policy in Afghanistan, giving priority to the policy to exclude completely the possibility for communists to participate in the governments of NATO states. Such a policy, against the background of the ongoing war in Afghanistan and the decline in the USSR's international prestige, contributed to the isolation of the European communist parties in their countries and the weakening of their electoral opportunities.
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HALYCH, Oleksandr, and Oleh DEMYDKIN. "FEATURES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 2 (56) (June 29, 2021): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2021-2-11.
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The article updates the importance of using modern information systems and technologies of public administration and administration in the context of European integration processes. It has been substantiated that the efficiency of the work of authorities at all levels is largely determined by the quality and efficiency of their information and analytical services. The essential-meaningful characteristic of the information system of public administration and administration has been determined by generalizing the views of domestic and foreign scientists. The structure of the information system was defined through the allocation of four main components: means of fixing and collecting information; means of transmitting the relevant data and messages; information storage means; means of analysis, processing and presentation of information. The directions of the functioning of interconnected information systems that ensure electronic interaction of public authorities of different countries in the context of digitalization and globalization of socio-economic relations with representatives of business structures and civil society, allowing to form elements of the "virtual community" and "digital power" as transformed forms of public administration were characterized. Among them are: free movement of information data; expansion of forms of audiovisual communication through the development of modern computer technology; interactivity of modern media tools used in the public administration system; anonymity of collective and individual communication on the Internet; the rapid dissemination of information using modern communications; modern means of forming and transmitting information. The technology of information exchange in the information system of public management and administration in the context of globalization and eurointegration has been formalized. The advantages of information technologies in public administration for the implementation of socio-economic cooperation projects is highlighted, including: creating conditions for the availability of information on significant economic and social issues; strengthening the level of mutual trust in society; strengthening feedback between state and public subjects of public administration relations; creation of innovative forms of public participation in public administration; the formation of sources of transparency in the actions of interacting institutions; ensuring productivity growth of e-government while reducing time and labor costs in information processing and decision-making.
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Viceconti, Marco, Sabina Hernandez Penna, Wilhelmus Dartee, Claudia Mazzà, Brian Caulfield, Clemens Becker, Walter Maetzler, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Giorgio Davico, and Lynn Rochester. "Toward a Regulatory Qualification of Real-World Mobility Performance Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Patients Using Digital Mobility Outcomes." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 5920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205920.
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Wearable inertial sensors can be used to monitor mobility in real-world settings over extended periods. Although these technologies are widely used in human movement research, they have not yet been qualified by drug regulatory agencies for their use in regulatory drug trials. This is because the first generation of these sensors was unreliable when used on slow-walking subjects. However, intense research in this area is now offering a new generation of algorithms to quantify Digital Mobility Outcomes so accurate they may be considered as biomarkers in regulatory drug trials. This perspective paper summarises the work in the Mobilise-D consortium around the regulatory qualification of the use of wearable sensors to quantify real-world mobility performance in patients affected by Parkinson’s Disease. The paper describes the qualification strategy and both the technical and clinical validation plans, which have recently received highly supportive qualification advice from the European Medicines Agency. The scope is to provide detailed guidance for the preparation of similar qualification submissions to broaden the use of real-world mobility assessment in regulatory drug trials.
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Lv, Hong, and Haiqun Ma. "Performance assessment and major trends in open government data research based on Web of Science data." Data Technologies and Applications 53, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 286–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dta-10-2017-0078.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the global progress and explore research areas and development trends of open government data (OGD) field from the Web of Science (WOS) database by applying the bibliometric visualization approach. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducted a bibliometric mapping study on OGD scientific research publications based on WOS from six aspects. Findings There are six research perspectives on OGD research. European countries and developed countries pay more attention to OGD movement. The 20 most cited and highly influential research documents were identified. What’s more, the analysis of journals level highlights the interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary characteristics of OGD research. Current six research topics for OGD research that have been formed and two major emerging research priorities in OGD research fields were identified. Research limitations/implications The limitation is that data retrieval result which decided to include only 180 publications in the WOS-indexed publications produced a bias against research publications published in non-WOS publication sources. A fuller research trend would be obtained with the more extensively used electronic databases. Practical implications By dint of bibliometric analysis, this paper may be able to quantify research patterns on OGD, to analyze what has been done in this field and to identify the main research hotspots. Therefore, it can aid academic researchers and practicing professionals in contributing to the field more effectively and advancing scientific progress in the field of OGD research. Social implications The results can also promote the study on OGD movement in academia, government and industry and also enrich the theory of OGD and provide some new perspectives for research on OGD. Originality/value This is the first study to quantify and evaluate global research patterns and development trends in OGD research based on WOS database, which provides a quantitative perspective on OGD studies that may assist in advancing the development of the field.
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Rojszczak, Marcin. "Prawne podstawy prowadzenia masowej inwigilacji obywateli opartej na hurtowym i nieukierunkowanym przechwytywaniu danych w UE z uwzględnieniem dorobku orzeczniczego TSUE i ETPC." Studia Prawa Publicznego, no. 2(18) (December 4, 2019): 159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2017.2.18.6.
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The activity which States undertake when conducting extensive non-directed surveillance programmes is seen as one of the major threats to privacy at the time of the information society. This problem has a special dimension in the European Union because the surveillance activity of individual Member States may be an obstacle to the functioning of a single internal market, particularly when it comes to ensuring the freedom to transfer personal data. Due to the supranational character of contemporary means of communication, and especially Internet communication services, guarantees related to the protection of privacy ought to be analysed not only through the prism of domestic regulations but also in the light of international law provisions. Results of an analysis of the relevant primary and secondary EU law have been presented. A special focus was put on Directive 95/46 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and Directive 2002/58 on privacy and electronic communications. The formal eff ects of the rulings of the Court of Justice which determined invalidity of the retention directive have been analysed as well, mainly from the perspective of the validity of national provisions implementing the general obligation to retain the data in legal orders of EU Member States. Particularly interesting seems to be the analysis of the grounds for non-directed surveillance programmes and comparison of the fi ndings with the rulings of the CJEU and the ECHR, particularly the recent CJEU’s judgment in Tele2 and the ECHR’s judgment in Szabo v. Hungary. The judicial decisions analysed in the paper may not only be useful in solving matters related to surveillance instruments used in individual cases but may also serve as a helpful tool in establishing the directions of development of domestic regulations in line with international standards. The latter may also be related to the provisions of the surveillance act and anti-terrorist act recently binding in Poland.
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Nagaj, Rafał, and Brigita Žuromskaitė. "Tourism in the Era of Covid-19 and Its Impact on the Environment." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14072000.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all areas of socio-economic life around the world. Its impact concerns not only the health system and the health of the population, but also the economy. Tourism is one of the sectors hardest hit by the restrictions imposed by governments in the wake of the pandemic. The pandemic has resulted in restrictions and limitations on movement and travel, covering both domestic and international tourism, which raises the question of have these restrictions imposed on tourist activities also caused an environmental impact? The aim of this article is to examine what impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the environmental issues within the tourism sector in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region. The research task is to investigate whether this impact has changed in the pandemic era compared to previous years, and whether it has been positive or negative. The research method is multiple regression analysis. The results of the study indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic caused a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from tourism in all CEE countries. Such decreases are both relative to 2019 and the estimated level of emissions that would be achieved if the countries surveyed achieved economic growth in 2020 consistent with the European Commission’s projections for that year. The scale of the impact varies from country to country, while the relationship between tourism development and pollution levels is positive.
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Долґунсоз, Емраг, and Аріф Сарісобан. "Word Skipping in Reading English as a Foreign Language: Evidence from Eye Tracking." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2016): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2016.3.2.dol.
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During reading, readers never fixate on all words in the text; shorter words sometimes gain zero fixation and skipped by the reader. Relying on E-Z Reader Model, this research hypothesized that a similar skipping effect also exists for a second language. The current study examined word skipping rates in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) with 75 EFL learners by using eye tracking methodology. The results showed that word skipping was affected by EFL reading proficiency significantly and articles (a, an, the) were skipped more than content words. Furthermore, more skilled learners were observed to have less fixation count and skipped more words during reading while less skilled learners employed more fixations and skipped less words. Eye tracking as a novel method to observe learner development and progress in EFL reading was also discussed.
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Gluba, Łukasz, Mateusz Łukowski, Radosław Szlązak, Joanna Sagan, Kamil Szewczak, Helena Łoś, Anna Rafalska-Przysucha, and Bogusław Usowicz. "Spatio-Temporal Mapping of L-Band Microwave Emission on a Heterogeneous Area with ELBARA III Passive Radiometer." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 7, 2019): 3447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163447.
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Water resources on Earth become one of the main concerns for society. Therefore, remote sensing methods are still under development in order to improve the picture of the global water cycle. In this context, the microwave bands are the most suitable to study land–water resources. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), satellite mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), is dedicated for studies of the water in soil over land and salinity of oceans. The part of calibration/validation activities in order to improve soil moisture retrieval algorithms over land is done with ground-based passive radiometers. The European Space Agency L-band Microwave Radiometer (ELBARA III) located near the Bubnów wetland in Poland is capable of mapping microwave emissivity at the local scale, due to the azimuthal and vertical movement of the horn antenna. In this paper, we present results of the spatio-temporal mapping of the brightness temperatures on the heterogeneous area of the Bubnów test-site consisting of an area with variable organic matter (OM) content and different type of vegetation. The soil moisture (SM) was retrieved with the L-band microwave emission of the biosphere (L-MEB) model with simplified roughness parametrization (SRP) coupling roughness and optical depth parameters. Estimated soil moisture values were compared with in-situ data from the automatic agrometeorological station. The results show that on the areas with a relatively low OM content (4–6%—cultivated field) there was good agreement between measured and estimated SM values. Further increase in OM content, starting from approximately 6% (meadow wetland), caused an increase in bias, root mean square error (RMSE), and unbiased RMSE (ubRMSE) values and a general drop in correlation coefficient (R). Despite a span of obtained R values, we found that time-averaged estimated SM using the L-MEB SRP approach strongly correlated with OM contents.
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Rice, Hayley, Megan Harrold, Robin Fowler, Carol Watson, Grant Waterer, and Kylie Hill. "Exercise training for adults hospitalized with an acute respiratory condition: a systematic scoping review." Clinical Rehabilitation 34, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215519877930.
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Objective: In adults hospitalized with an acute or chronic respiratory condition, to determine what has been reported regarding exercise programmes in terms of content, tolerability, evaluation and adverse events. Data sources: A systematic search was conducted of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, The Cochrane Library), trial registries and conference abstracts (Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Annual Scientific Meeting, the European Respiratory Society Congress, the American Thoracic Society International Conference). Review methods: Studies were included if they (1) recruited adults hospitalized with an acute or chronic respiratory condition, (2) described an exercise programme that targeted peripheral muscles and (3) reported that ⩾80% of the sample had initiated training within 72 hours of hospitalization. Results: The last search was conducted on 2 June 2019. Of the 6282 records identified, 20 met the study criteria. These described 18 separate studies (2018 participants). Studies were conducted in adults hospitalized with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or with community-acquired pneumonia. The content of exercise programmes included aerobic and/or resistance training, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, whole-body vibration or movement out of bed. In eight studies (44%), the initial session was prescribed using objective measures of exercise capacity, peripheral muscle force and the ability to undertake activities of daily living. Across 7420 training sessions, seven adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Methods used to prescribe and titrate exercise programmes in adults hospitalized with an acute or an exacerbation of a chronic respiratory condition were disparate. When reported, programmes were well tolerated and adverse events were infrequent.
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Mykhailichenko, Tetiana O., Oksana P. Horpyniuk, and Victor Yu Rak. "MEDICAL CONFIDENTIALITY DISCLOSURE IN CONDITIONS OF EPIDEMIC THREATS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 11 (2021): 2877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202111203.
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The aim: To establish public opinion on the limits of medical confidentiality in an epidemic and the widespread use of applications that contain personal data, including those regarding health, to understand the possibility of changing the paradigm of public policy to protect medical confidentiality in an exacerbation of the epidemic situation. Materials and methods: This research is based on regulatory acts, scientific articles, and opinions of both medical workers and ordinary citizens of Poland, Germany, and Ukraine, judicial practice, doctrinal ideas, and views on this issue. Such methods as dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, comprehensive, statistical, and generalization. Results: the results of a survey of residents of Poland, Germany, and Ukraine showed that one of the pandemic consequences was that a significant number of respondents were willing to partially renounce the right to medical confidentiality in the face of exacerbating epidemic threats to reduce the number of infected. Conclusions: In the face of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, nations worldwide have faced the challenge of respecting the right to privacy, particularly in terms of medical confidentiality. Virtual methods of patient communication with healthcare professionals use mobile electronic services (applications), and other new technologies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the issue of understanding the boundaries of medical confidentiality and personal data protection. In order to maintain an effective balance between human rights and public health, the mass collection and storage of sensitive personal data must take place following the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. At the same time, it is expedient to recommend states to specify specific provisions of this Regulation in order to avoid an expanded interpretation of certain of its provisions.
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Vladimirovna Pavlova, Elena, Anna Aleksandrovna Silayeva, Oksana Nikolaevna Borisova, Irina Gennadiyevna Doronkina, and Antonina Pavlovna Sokolova. "Analysis of the World and Russian E-Commerce Market: Development Trends and Challenges." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24588.
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The informational support of the society and its constituent parts from individuals to organizations and states leads to speeding up the decision-making process, and, consequently, to speeding up the process of movement of goods and services which are now being carried out via the Internet. There is no doubt that electronic commerce (e-commerce) will become one of the dominant types of trade and one of the promising components of the "new economy" in the foreseeable future.The popularity of e-commerce is growing rapidly under the influence of various factors and now we cannot imagine the modern world without online stores and all kinds of mobile applications that help to make purchases at all levels.It goes without saying that e-commerce (online trade) will develop most rapidly in the most technologically advanced countries, such as the states of Europe, North America, Japan and China, having their own characteristics depending on national, demographic and other factors. The Russian government that tried to modernize the country has been shown a high rate of development of information technology and e-commerce over the past 15 years, but just in the European part of the country to a greater extent; it is related to the demographic state of the country. But the expansion of industry in the East (construction of new roads, ports, factories, agro-industrial and military-industrial complexes) creates a favorable environment for business in general and for e-commerce, in particular. The investment attractiveness of the Far East region also plays an important role. The changing way of life of the population and the technological breakthrough create new information and technological nation-wide economic environment that develops in close connection with the world economic development trends experiencing their influence, and in turn influencing them.
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Manko, Ivan, Jonas Matijošius, Yevheniy Shuba, Alfredas Rimkus, Serhiy Gutarevych, and Viktor Slavin. "Using Mathematical Modeling to Evaluate the Performance of a Passenger Car When Operating on Various Fuels." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 6343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176343.
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This article presents the results of experimental and computational studies of the performance of a car with a gasoline engine with spark ignition when retrofitted with a system of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). To analyze the impact of the use of LPG instead of gasoline, the mathematical model of the car’s movement according to the modes of the European driving cycle has been refined. It was established that when using LPG for a car in the driving cycle, fuel consumption in energy units decreases by 10.38%. Gas consumption, determined in mass units, is lower than gasoline consumption. In load modes, this difference is about 8% and in idle mode, it reaches 16–18%. The adequacy of the mathematical model is confirmed by experimental studies of the car on modern equipment with the measurement of fuel efficiency and environmental performance in motion, according to the specified cycle. The deviation of the calculated fuel consumption from the results of experimental studies does not exceed 0.86%. The values of environmental indicators obtained by calculations on the mathematical model differ from the experimental ones by an average of 15%. The conducted studies showed the expediency of using LPG by retrofitting a car with a gasoline engine with an LPG power supply system and the possibility of using mathematical modeling to assess the feasibility of such retrofitting.
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Kotwica, Krzysztof, Grzegorz Stopka, Marek Kalita, Dominik Bałaga, and Michał Siegmund. "Impact of Geometry of Toothed Segments of the Innovative KOMTRACK Longwall Shearer Haulage System on Load and Slip during the Travel of a Track Wheel." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 2720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092720.
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Longwall shearers operating in the underground mine workings move along the longwall face along the conveyor troughs. The haulage system, which is made up of two kinematic pairs in the form of track wheels installed in shearer movers, cooperating with the toothed route built in the conveyor’s throughs, is responsible for moving the shearer. The currently used solutions of longwall shearers’ haulage systems do not ensure proper cooperation of the track wheels with toothed segments, which results in failures and breakdowns in the operation of the longwall systems, causing significant financial losses. Rigid solution of the gear components used is the reason. The solution of the flexible toothed segment, allowing it to adapt to the longitudinal and transverse curvature of the AFC (armored face conveyor) route during cooperation with the track wheel, was developed as part of the research project jointly implemented by KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network–Cracow Institute of Technology, Specodlew Innovative Foundry Company and Polish Mining Group Inc., co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (contract no. POIR.04.01.04-00-0068/17). The general design and principle of operation of the suggested KOMTRACK system is given. The results of the comparative simulations and analyses are presented. The load and slip values during the cooperation of the track wheels with the standard and new suggested toothed segment were estimated. The effectiveness of cooperation in the shearer movement along a disturbed conveyor route was also compared.
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Beyens, Kristel. "Electronic monitoring and supervision: A comparative perspective." European Journal of Probation 9, no. 1 (April 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2066220317704130.
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The use of electronic monitoring (EM) has grown rapidly in Europe and elsewhere and is likely to continue to do so. EM is a technological tool that allows to monitor the location of individuals via an electronic ankle tag, to track the movements of individuals either in real time or retrospectively. This special issue of the European Journal of Probation focuses on the relationship of EM with supervision in four jurisdictions (Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands and Scotland) and the question whether EM is mainly used as a stand-alone order or as an integrated measure; that is, alongside other supervisory conditions. It also contains a contribution with an initial round up of Australian experiences with EM.
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Pažėraitė, Aušra Kristina. "LINGVISTINIAI TAPATYBĖS VIRSMAI." Religija ir kultūra 6, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2009): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/relig.2009.1.2775.
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Straipsnyje atliktas vieno iš naujausių religinių judėjimų Rusijoje, pavadinimu „Senosios Rusijos pravoslavų sentikių-inglingų bažnyčia“ (Древнерусская церковь православных староверов-инглингов), tyrimas. Tai neopagoniškasis judėjimas, kurio įkūrėjas Aleksandras Jurjevičius Chinevičius, naudodamas įvairias lingvistines manipuliacijas, savo paties nežinia iš kur paimtas ir vis plačiau tiek popieriniu, tiek elektroniniu pavidalu platinamas „Slavų Vedas“, bando pagrįsti savo pretenzingą doktriną apie slavų (turimi omenyje rusai)-arijų kilmę iš protėvių-dievų (Peruno) prieš daugelį šimtų tūkstančių, jei ne milijonų metų, kitose planetose, iš kurių atkeliavę į Žemę čia užėmė šiaurės pusrutulį. Slavų-arijų kultūra pagal jo (ir kitų šio rato neopagonių autoritetų, visų pirma Trechlebovo) doktriną, buvo visų didžiųjų civilizacijų pradininkė, bet krikščionybės diegimo laikais Europos tautos iš jų pavogė jų istoriją ir pasisavino jų nuopelnus, bandė sunaikinti jų kultūrinę atmintį, primesdami jiems žeminantį įvaizdį, esą iki X amžiaus jų tiesiog nebuvo, o jeigu kas ir buvo, tai tamsi neišmani liaudis... Tyrime buvo atlikta Chinevičiaus „lingvistinio metodo“ analizė, kurios metu paaiškėjo, kad jis naudojasi kai kuriais judėjų Kabalos interpretaciniais metodais, kurie visiškai natūraliai tinka semitų kalboms dėl jų specifikos, bet netinka indoeuropiečių kalboms. Dėl to Chinevičius priverstas iškraipyti ir perdaryti rusų kalbą pagal semitų kalbų struktūrą, nepamiršdamas aiškinti, kad šie metodai – taip pat senoviniai rusų metodai, kuriuos kažkas iš jų pasisavino. Kaip pirmavaizdis tiriant šiuos kabalistinius metodus buvo pateikti keli pavyzdžiai su komentarais iš Zoharo.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: inglingai, Kabala, lingvistika, neopagonys, rasizmas.Linguistical Transformations of IdentityAušra Kristina PažėraitėSummary In this paper I presented an analysis of a recent religious movement in Russia, called “The Old Russian Pravoslavian Old Believers – inglingian Church“ (Древнерусская церковь православных староверов-инглингов). This neo-pagan movement, whose founder, Alexander Yuryevich Hinevich, using a variety of linguistic manipulation and “Slavonic Vedas” of unknown origins, increasingly spreading up in paper and electronic format, – is trying ambitiously justify his doctrine of the genetic origins of ancestors of Slavic (having in mind Russian) – Aryan peoples going down to gods (namely Perun) for many hundreds of thousands, if not millions, years ago, who descended here, on the planet Earth from other planets, and occupied the northern hemisphere. Slavic-Aryan culture, in accordance with his doctrine (and of the rest of close to his church neo-pagan authorities, in particularly that of Trehlebov’), has been a real originator of all great civilizations in the World, but during the time of introduction of Christianity in Russia other nations “have robbed their history and their cultural advancements” trying to destroy their national memory by imposing them degraded self-images... In this study is presented analysis of “linguistic approach” of Hinevich, which revealed, that he uses a series of interpretative methods of Jewish Kabbalah, which fit naturally to semitic languages, but not so well to Indo-European ones. What results in distortion made by Hinevich of Russian language rules to fit those interpretative methods, not neglecting to explain that these techniques are also old Russian techniques, which were from them took off. As a possible prototype of these Kabbalistic methods was presented some examples from the Zohar with commentaries.Keywords: ingliizm, Kabbalah, hermeneutics, racism, neopagans.
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Bondartseva, O. G. "Remote Participation of the Accused (Suspect) at the Preliminary Investigation Stage as an Alternative to the Criminal Proceedings Stay." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 10 (November 20, 2021): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.131.10.111-123.
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The participation of the accused at the stage of preliminary investigation presupposes the possibility of exercising his right to defense. However, in cases of being in a territory significantly remote from the location of the preliminary investigation body, including outside Russia, the impossibility of personal participation in investigative and other procedural actions, one of the ways of interaction between the accused and law enforcement agencies may be remote participation through electronic interaction systems, and video conferencing. Draft laws on the amendment into the RF Criminal Procedure Code on conducting investigative actions through video-conference communication were pending at the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in 2015 and 2018, but were not finalized and adopted. The provisions of the Second Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, providing for the simplification and acceleration of the procedure for providing mutual legal assistance in terms of the possibility of interrogating the accused (suspect) via videoconference, Russia, upon ratification of the protocol in 2019, did not allow to apply. In criminal cases of an economic nature, which reverberate in society and raise many questions about the activities of law enforcement agencies, large entrepreneurs often leave Russia, unable to remotely take part in investigative actions, present evidence in their defense, and get acquainted with procedural decisions in a criminal case. This leads to an increase in the number of suspended criminal cases, according to art. 208, part 1, clauses 1-3 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. In 2019, the total number of economic criminal cases increased by 37% compared to 2018, while the number of suspended criminal cases under Art. 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation increased by 15.83%, under Art. 159.1-159.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation — by 86.93%. The relevance of the topic is also due to the coronavirus pandemic, which limited the freedom of movement of Russian citizens both within the country and abroad. In this regard, the use of video-conferencing in the investigation of criminal cases is becoming a vital necessity, the imperative of the times.
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Efthymiou, Areti, Evridiki Papastavrou, Nicos Middleton, Artemis Markatou, and Paraskevi Sakka. "How Caregivers of People With Dementia Search for Dementia-Specific Information on the Internet: Survey Study." JMIR Aging 3, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): e15480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15480.
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Background During the last decade, more research has focused on web-based interventions delivered to support caregivers of people with dementia. However, little information is available in relation to internet use among caregivers in general, especially those caring for people with dementia. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the dementia-related internet use and factors that may be associated with its use among caregivers of people with dementia in Greece. Methods Secondary data from the Greek Dementia Survey of the Athens Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders were collected from April to June 2017. A total of 580 caregivers of people with dementia participated in the study. Results The majority of the caregivers reported that they had used the internet in the previous 3 months (84.1%, 488/580). Nearly half of the caregivers (47.5%, 276/580) reported that they had received dementia services online. Bivariate analysis showed that a dementia-specific search of information was associated with age, education, kinship, and years of care. Age (odds ratio [OR] 2.362, 95% CI 1.05-5.33) and education (OR 2.228, 95% CI 1.01-4.94) were confirmed as predictors, with younger caregivers and those with higher educational attainment being more likely to search for dementia-specific information. Use of the internet to search for dementia information was only related to hours of care. The internet use by caregivers within the previous 3 months was associated with variables such as age, education, occupation, kinship, years of care, and self-reported impact on physical and social health. Conclusions Caregivers of people with dementia in Greece, as in the other southern European countries, are essential agents of the national health system. The existing short- and long-term respite care services are limited or nonexistent. Currently, caregivers receive mostly support and education from memory clinics and municipality consultation centers, which are mainly based in central cities in Greece. Despite the dementia awareness movement in Greece, there is still space to integrate the role of technology in the support and education of caregivers. Development of training programs for enhancing electronic health literacy skills as well as web-based services provision could support Greek caregivers in their everyday caring tasks.
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Zhao, Qingzhi, Pengfei Yang, Wanqiang Yao, and Yibin Yao. "Hourly PWV Dataset Derived from GNSS Observations in China." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010231.
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The rapid variation of atmospheric water vapor is important for a regional hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, it is rarely investigated in China, due to the lack of a precipitable water vapor (PWV) dataset with high temporal resolution. Therefore, this study focuses on the generation of an hourly PWV dataset using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations derived from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China. The zenith total delay parameters estimated by GAMIT/GLOBK software are used and validated with an average root mean square (RMS) error of 4–5 mm. The pressure (P) and temperature (T) parameters used to calculate the zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) and weighted average temperature of atmospheric water vapor (Tm) are derived from the fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF ERA5) products. The values of P and T at the GNSS stations are obtained by interpolation in the horizontal and vertical directions using empirical formulas. Tm is calculated at the GNSS stations using the improved global pressure and temperature 2 wet (IGPT2w) model in China with an RMS of 3.32 K. The interpolated P and T are validated by interpolating the grid-based ERA5 data into radiosonde stations. The average RMS and bias of P and T in China are 2.71/−1.11 hPa and 1.88/−0.51 K, respectively. Therefore, the error in PWV with a theoretical RMS of 1.85 mm over the period of 2011–2017 in China can be obtained. Finally, the hourly PWV dataset in China is generated and the practical accuracy of the generated PWV dataset is validated using the corresponding AERONET and radiosonde data at specific stations. Numerical results reveal that the average RMS values of the PWV dataset in the four geographical regions of China are less than 3 mm. A case analysis of the PWV diurnal variations as a response to the EI Niño event of 2015–2016 is performed. Results indicate the capability of the hourly PWV dataset of monitoring the rapid water vapor changes in China.
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Zapata Ferreira, Miguel. "La casa grande en la construcción de la historia de Colombia." Estudios de Literatura Colombiana, no. 16 (November 1, 2013): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.elc.17357.
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El presente artículo propone el estudio de La casa grande de Álvaro Cepeda Samudio como novela del Boom más que como novela de la violencia. El autor se apoya en el hecho de que la obra habla de la época de la matanza de las Bananeras (1928), periodo anterior al llamado de la violencia y en que varios elementos de escritura de la novela anuncian el arribo del Boom (personajes innominados, diversos narradores, mezcla de géneros, abundancia de documentos). Tales elementos anteriores son propios del "modernism" norteamericano y anglo-europeo que el Boom adopta y adapta a la situación histórica colombiana y a una visión más compleja del fenómeno socio-histórico-sicológico de varias violencias, las cuales actúan como eco de la labor del historiador que trate de explicar el fenómeno de las Bananeras. Descriptores: Cepeda Samudio, Álvaro; La casa grande; Violencia; Matanza de las Bananeras; Modernism norteamericano; Boom literario. Abstract: This article proposes to study Álvaro Cepeda Samudio's novel La casa grande, as a product of the literary Boom instead of a Colombian novel of violence as it has been considered so far. The novel´s historical background does not strictly comprehend the so called Period of Violence but a previous one: the mass killings at the banana plantations in 1928. Another characteristic of this novel is its display of a narrative technique that announces the Boom when this movement adopts and adapts North American and Anglo European Modernism to the Colombian historical situation to offer a more complex view of the social, historical and psychological phenomena of several instances of violence. The fragmented technique of the novel, the various unnamed characters, the collage of legal documents, of other genres such as drama, and other experimental techniques, all of these are possibly an echo of the work of the historian trying to account for the massacre at the Bananeras. Key words: Cepeda Samudio, Álvaro; La casa grande; Violencia; Banana Plantation Masacre; North American Modernism; Literary Boom.
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Michela, Miroslav, Michaela Kůželová, and Anna Vrtálková. "Creating an Electronic Register of Collections of Cultural Opposition." Muzeum Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 56, no. 3 (2018): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmvp-2018-0002.
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The call of European Commission of the Horizon 2020 programme, entitled Cultural Opposition in the Former Socialist Countries, was based on the assumption that there are a number of historical sources pointing out the great variability of independent cultural activities and movements opposed to socialist regimes in Europe. The call highlighted that the evidence of civic and political courage played an important role after 1989 and launched a competition to create a general online register of these collections. The text is dedicated to a presentation of the winning consortium called COURAGE (Cultural Opposition – Understanding the CultuRal HeritAGE of Dissent in the Former Socialist Countries). Representatives of the Czech part of the project team make readers familiar with planned activities and, in particular, with the activities related to the creation of an online register which gives closer information on the destiny of various collections, combine the activity of agents and thus provide a unique insight into the history of the Cultural Opposition activities through both the history and the present of selected collections.
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Thorstad, Eva B., Finn Økland, Håkan Westerberg, Kim Aarestrup, and Julian D. Metcalfe. "Evaluation of surgical implantation of electronic tags in European eel and effects of different suture materials." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 4 (2013): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12217.
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Effects of implanting data-storage tags in European eel, Anguilla anguilla, and the suitability of different suture materials (braided permanent silk, permanent monofilament, absorbable and absorbable antibacterial) were examined. The tags consisted of an electronic unit and three floats on a wire, making them flexible and able to follow the swimming movements of the eel. No mortality occurred, and tagged fish did not differ from the control fish in growth. Sutures were shed or dissolved slowly. After 4 weeks, there was no difference among the groups in the proportion of sutures left. After 6 months, fish with braided silk had largely shed their sutures, fish with monofilament sutures had the majority of sutures left, whereas the fish with absorbable sutures were intermediate in between. Fish with monofilament sutures showed the least-extensive inflammation reactions and fastest wound healing. Antibacterial treatment had no effect on inflammation or healing rates. After 6 months, the tag started to become expelled through the incision in five fish (12%). The internal reaction appeared stronger around the floats, suggesting that the coating material of the floats created a tissue reaction, which should be further investigated. Intraperitoneal implantation appears to be a suitable tagging method for European silver eel, and it is recommended to close incisions using permanent monofilament sutures.
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Vasileva, Larisa S., Natalya V. Slivnitsyna, and Oleg L. Lakhman. "Postural disorders in patients with vibration disease." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-5-314-318.
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Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) is one of the leading occupational diseases. One of the manifestations of this disease when exposed to general vibration may be a violation of balance.The aim of the study is to identify the imbalance and the causes of their occurrence in patients with vibration disease.Materials and methods. 3 groups of patients were examined. The first group consisted of 50 patients diagnosed with VD associated with combined exposure to local and general vibration (age 48.7±3.1 years); the second group consisted of 50 patients diagnosed with VD associated with exposure to local vibration (age 48.9+2.8 years); the control group consisted of 50 relatively healthy men not in contact with vibration (age 49.1+2.5 years). Survey on electronic stabilometer ST–150 (Biomera, Russia). Patients performed the Romberg test standing barefoot vertically on a stabilometric platform with a “European” stop position. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the software package “Statistica 10.0” (StatSof, USA, 2011). Methods of descriptive statistics included estimation of median, lower and upper quartiles. The statistical significance of the differences was determined using the nonparametric Wilkinson method. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.Results. In the analysis of the obtained stabilometric parameters found that in the first group of patients marked imbalance.Moreover, in comparison with the second group and the control group in the phase with eyes closed, patients are more difficult to maintain a given posture, which increases the length of statokinesigram (p=0.02 and p=0.005), increasing the speed of movement of the center of pressure (p=0.03 and p=0.004) and the square of the deviation of the center of pressure (p=0.03 and p=0.004). When closing the eyes, patients put more effort to maintain balance, which affects the rate of mechanical work (p=0.001 and p=0.001). When comparing the second group with the control group, no statistically significant difference was found in the main stabilometric indicators.Conclusions: In the group of patients with VD associated with the combined effects of local and general vibration, marked (64%) and moderate (36%) postural disorders, especially in the phase of closed eyes. In the group of patients with VS associated with local vibration exposure and in the control group, imbalance was detected in 10% and 6%, respectively. The leading role in the occurrence of postural disorders in patients with VD, associated with the combined effects of local and general vibration, plays the formation of a focus of stagnant excitation in the centers of vibration sensitivity. In the future, the pulse can spread to nearby centers of pain, temperature sensitivity and proprioception, which contributes to the emergence of lower limb polyneuropathy and impaired stability in patients with vibration disease.
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Espahangizi, Kijan, and Moritz Mähr. "The Making of a Swiss Migration Regime: Electronic Data Infrastructures and Statistics in the Federal Administration, 1960s–1990s." Journal of Migration History 6, no. 3 (October 8, 2020): 379–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00603005.
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Abstract The article analyses the transformation of Swiss migration statistics through digital data processing in the 1970s and 1980s. It focuses on the emergence of two different modes of migration statistics management within the Swiss federal administration. First, in the early 1970s, the Swiss Federal Aliens Police implemented an electronic database with comprehensive statistics on foreigners, the so-called Central Aliens Register. It was devised as a data-driven instrument for regulating labour supply within the scope of the Western European guest worker regime. Then, in the mid-1980s, the Swiss Federal Statistical Office introduced periodical population scenario analysis. The modelling of future demographic scenarios, based on existing data, shifted the perspective towards a new global migration framework. It is shown how this computerisation of statistical data infrastructures in the 1970s/1980s enabled the combination of different regulatory regimes for population movements within the federal administration (labour/asylum), thus, contributing to the formation of a Swiss migration regime.