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Journal articles on the topic 'European Conservation Centres'
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1
Kougioumoutzis, Konstantinos, Ioannis Kokkoris, Maria Panitsa, Athanasios Kallimanis, Arne Strid, and Panayotis Dimopoulos. "Plant Endemism Centres and Biodiversity Hotspots in Greece." Biology 10, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020072.
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Biodiversity hotspots (BH) cover a small fraction of the Earth’s surface, yet host numerous endemics. Human-induced biodiversity loss has been increasing worldwide, despite attempts to halt the extinction crisis. There is thus an urgent need to efficiently allocate the available conservation funds in an optimised conservation prioritization scheme. Identifying BH and endemism centres (EC) is therefore a valuable tool in conservation prioritization and planning. Even though Greece is one of the most plant species-rich European countries, few studies have dealt with the identification of BH or EC and none has ever incorporated phylogenetic information or extended to the national scale. Consequently, we are unaware of the extent that Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) of the Natura 2000 network efficiently protect Greek plant diversity. Here, we located for the first time at a national scale and in a phylogenetic framework, the areas serving as BH and EC, and assessed the effectiveness of the Greek SAC in safeguarding them. BH and EC are mainly located near mountainous areas, and in areas supposedly floristically impoverished, such as the central Aegean islands. A critical re-assessment of the Greek SAC might be needed to minimize the extinction risk of the Greek endemics, by focusing the conservation efforts also on the BH and EC that fall outside the established Greek SAC.
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Li, Tingshen. "Issues and Strategies for the Conservation of the Artificial Water System in Hongcun, China." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196304001.
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Since 2012, the Chinese Government has proposed the preservation concept of the “Traditional Village” in order to conserve the heritage of historic centres at the village-scale throughout China, which are being profoundly influenced by modernization. However, subject to the limitations of awareness levels, the conservation of the “Traditional Village” only focuses on the historic buildings within the Historic Centre and, there is a lack of focus on equally valuable cultural landscapes, open spaces and environments. Hongcun Traditional Village has been chosen as the case study of this paper and focuses on the conservation of its remarkable artificial water systems. The paper discusses the impacts and issues caused by the local conservation policies and practical interventions on Hongcun’s artificial water system over the last 20 years. The paper concludes by proposing a provisional methodological approach and treatment solutions for the conservation of Hongcun’s artificial water system, which is largely based on learning from European experiences.
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Velo-Antón, Guillermo, Paulo Pereira, and Duarte V. Gonçãlves. "Genetic assignment of captive European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) increases conservation value of recovery centres." Journal for Nature Conservation 59 (February 2021): 125953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125953.
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Hamza, Neveen, Dalila ElKerdany, John Pendlebury, Sahar Imam, Aliaa AlSadaty, and Tamer ElSerafi. "SUSTAINED LIVEABILITY: A FRAMEWORK BEYOND ENERGY CONSCIOUS BUILDING CONSERVATION OF MARKET HALLS." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 11, no. 3 (November 22, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i3.1381.
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Market halls are commonly found in contexts of cultural and heritage value. Positioned in urban centres and transport networks, these unique buildings were originally constructed in the 19th century to ensure better food distribution in growing European cities, then copied to other territories such as Egypt. We argue that leaving market halls, with their large spanning structures and indoor open space, for dilapidation is a lost opportunity for sustaining community engagement, and educating the public on the original sustainability, neighbourhood regeneration and cultural thinking that underpinned these buildings. The proposed framework extends current sustainable ‘heritage conservation frameworks’ beyond concepts of adding renewable energy technologies, recycling and sustainable goods movement, to ‘sustaining liveability and social inclusion’. We argue that market halls offer the opportunities to merge the daily activities of buying and selling food with creating local creative economies such as culinary art exhibitions, and culinary schools. The paper consists of two parts: the first discusses the historical urban context of market halls in Cairo; the second proposes a sustainable heritage conservation model for market halls.
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Dessalvi, Gabriele, Enrico Borgo, and Loris Galli. "The contribution to wildlife conservation of an Italian Recovery Centre." Nature Conservation 44 (May 10, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.44.65528.
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Wildlife recovery centres are widespread worldwide and their goal is the rehabilitation of wildlife and the subsequent release of healthy animals to appropriate habitats in the wild. The activity of the Genoese Wildlife Recovery Centre (CRAS) from 2015 to 2020 was analysed to assess its contribution to the conservation of biodiversity and to determine the main factors affecting the survival rate of the most abundant species. In particular, the analyses focused upon the cause, provenance and species of hospitalised animals, the seasonal distribution of recoveries and the outcomes of hospitalisation in the different species. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the anthropogenic causes was conducted, with a particular focus on attempts of predation by domestic animals, especially cats. Significantly, 96.8% of animals hospitalised came from Liguria, the region in north-western Italy where CRAS is located, with 44.8% coming from the most populated and urbanised areas of Genoa, indicating a positive correlation between population density and the number of recoveries. A total of 5881 wild animals belonging to 162 species were transferred to CRAS during the six years study period. The presence of summer migratory bird species and the high reproductive rates of most animals in summer resulted in a corresponding seasonal peak of treated animals. Birds represented 80.9% of entries; mammals accounted for 18.6% of hospitalisations; and about 0.5% of the entries were represented by reptiles and amphibians. Species protected by CITES and/or in IUCN Red List amounted to 8% of the total number of individuals. Consistent with results recorded elsewhere from Italy and other European countries, 53.9% of the specimens treated were released in nature; 4.7% were euthanised and 41.4% died. There was a significant difference between taxa in the frequency of individuals that were released, died or euthanised due to the intrinsic characteristics of species (more resistant or more adaptable to captivity than others) and/or to the types of debilitative occurrences common to each species (e.g. infections, wounds, traumas, fractures). A total of 14.2% of wildlife recovery was from injuries caused with certainty by people or domestic animals (human impact), with 54.3% of these hospitalised animals having been victims of predation attempts by domestic animals, mainly cats. The percentage of release in nature of animals hospitalised following human impact was significantly lower than overall cases (31.2% vs. 53.9%) due to the greater severity of the injuries. The percentage of animals released showed a further reduction to 27.1% amongst victims of predation attempts by pets. The work of Rehabilitation/Recovery Centres contributes to wildlife conservation. In particular, the CRAS in Genoa is a Centre with an increasing level of activity concerning the rehabilitation of species under CITES protection and/or included on the IUCN Red List. The contribution and experience of CRAS operators is critical for the success of ‘information campaigns’ aimed at limiting the number of stray dogs and cats because of their impact on wildlife. Therefore, the activity of a properly-managed CRAS can significantly contribute both directly and indirectly to wildlife conservation, resulting in important territorial safeguards for the protection of biodiversity.
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Radovic, Dejan, Giorgio Andrian, Ivica Radovic, Zoran Srdic, and Dragutin Protic. "Evolving GIS technologies in nature conservation and the spatial planning strategy of Tara NP (Serbia) as a potential UNECSO MAB reserve." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 88, no. 3 (2008): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0803087r.
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Mt. Tara NP was nominated in 2004 within the UNESCO - ROSTE programme, for Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Reserve status in Serbia as transboundary 'Peace Park' status between Serbia and Bosnia & Herzegovina. Mt. Tara is one of the most important centres of Balkans and European ecosystems and species diversity. They represent a unique example of well preserved forests in south eastern Europe with numerous endemic and relict species of flora and fauna. In this floristic diversity of Mt Tara of the greatest interest is the Serbian (Pancic's) spruce Picea omorika. Mt. Tara NP is characterized by specific geomorphologic, hydrologic, geologic, soil and climatic features. The geographical information system (GIS) that we have created has proved an excellent tool for the spatial planning strategy in assessment and conservation of all natural characteristics of Mt. Tara NP, and is helpful to Park management for sustainable use of landscape resources. GIS of Mt. Tara NP includes data on natural, artificial and management themes.
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Ahrenfeldt, E. J., B. K. Klatt, J. Arildsen, N. Trandem, G. K. S. Andersson, T. Tscharntke, H. G. Smith, and L. Sigsgaard. "Pollinator communities in strawberry crops – variation at multiple spatial scales." Bulletin of Entomological Research 105, no. 4 (April 24, 2015): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531500036x.
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AbstractPredicting potential pollination services of wild bees in crops requires knowledge of their spatial distribution within fields. Field margins can serve as nesting and foraging habitats for wild bees and can be a source of pollinators. Regional differences in pollinator community composition may affect this spill-over of bees. We studied how regional and local differences affect the spatial distribution of wild bee species richness, activity-density and body size in crop fields. We sampled bees both from the field centre and at two different types of semi-natural field margins, grass strips and hedges, in 12 strawberry fields. The fields were distributed over four regions in Northern Europe, representing an almost 1100 km long north-south gradient. Even over this gradient, daytime temperatures during sampling did not differ significantly between regions and did therefore probably not impact bee activity. Bee species richness was higher in field margins compared with field centres independent of field size. However, there was no difference between centre and margin in body-size or activity-density. In contrast, bee activity-density increased towards the southern regions, whereas the mean body size increased towards the north. In conclusion, our study revealed a general pattern across European regions of bee diversity, but not activity-density, declining towards the field interior which suggests that the benefits of functional diversity of pollinators may be difficult to achieve through spill-over effects from margins to crop. We also identified dissimilar regional patterns in bee diversity and activity-density, which should be taken into account in conservation management.
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Muilu, Toivo. "Rural Policies for Sparsely Populated Areas in Finland – Old Problems, New Challenges and Future Opportunities." European Countryside 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2021-0028.
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Abstract Sparsely populated areas are in many countries seen as regressive regions lacking decent future options and demanding continuous support from the more prosperous parts of the country in question. This paper addresses rural policies drawn up in recent years to govern not only the negative trends but also the opportunities which the thinly populated rural areas of Finland are experiencing. Finland is, in the European context, a very sparsely inhabited country with long distances between population centres. Less populated areas account for 68% of the land area of Finland but only 5% of the population. Finland’s long tradition of rural policy implementation has resulted in a comprehensive approach also to the policy measures targeting especially the less populated areas.
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WHITE, HARRY. "American Musicology and “The Archives of Eden”." Journal of American Studies 32, no. 1 (April 1998): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875898005775.
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In his T. S. Eliot Memorial Lectures delivered at the University of Kent in March, 1971, and subsequently published as In Bluebeard's Castle or Some Notes Towards A Re-definition of Culture, George Steiner apostrophized the condition of American culture in the following way:America is the representative and premonitory example [of the democratization of high culture]. Nowhere has the debilitation of genuine literacy gone further (consider the recent surveys of reading-comprehension and recognition in American high schools). But nowhere, also, have the conservation and learned scrutiny of the art or literature of the past been pursued with more generous authority. American libraries, universities, archives, museums, centres for advanced study, are now the indispensable record and treasure-house of civilization. It is here that the European artist and scholar must come to see the cherished after-glow of his culture. Though often obsessed with the future, the United States is now, certainly in regard to the humanities, the active watchman of the classic past.So far, so good. But Steiner's encomium (notwithstanding that second sentence) carried with it a conditional scrutiny which was less attractive in its implications.
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Lyrintzis, George A. "Human impact trend in Crete: the case of Psilorites Mountain." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 2 (June 1996): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038522.
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SummaryAn historical overview of human intervention in the natural environment of Crete is presented by considering trends in human population size as well as land-use records since the Neolithic period. Trends in human impacts over the last forty years are interpreted from available statistical data on human population, forests, rangelands, livestock and cultivated areas from 20 villages of the Psilorites Mountain area, central Crete. Depopulation occurred, mainly from 1961 to 1971, with migration to urban centres of Crete and abroad; this affected traditional land-use in the uplands and transformed the rural landscape. An increase of rangelands then occurred at the expense of forests, and human activities in agricultural lands intensified, through such as tree cultivation and irrigation. Livestock grazing has become a dominant activity on all wildlands with a dramatic increase in animal numbers (70.4% in sheep and 50.8% in goats recorded in 1992 as compared with 1981), attributable to European Union subsidies. This overstocking, coupled with frequent pastoral wildfires and uncontrolled grazing, has resulted in rapid changes of land-use systems and landscapes on Psilorites that now endanger the natural environment and resources.
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Mead, Simon, Jerome Whitfield, Mark Poulter, Paresh Shah, James Uphill, Jonathan Beck, Tracy Campbell, et al. "Genetic susceptibility, evolution and the kuru epidemic." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1510 (November 27, 2008): 3741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0087.
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The acquired prion disease kuru was restricted to the Fore and neighbouring linguistic groups of the Papua New Guinea highlands and largely affected children and adult women. Oral history documents the onset of the epidemic in the early twentieth century, followed by a peak in the mid-twentieth century and subsequently a well-documented decline in frequency. In the context of these strong associations (gender, region and time), we have considered the genetic factors associated with susceptibility and resistance to kuru. Heterozygosity at codon 129 of the human prion protein gene ( PRNP ) is known to confer relative resistance to both sporadic and acquired prion diseases. In kuru, heterozygosity is associated with older patients and longer incubation times. Elderly survivors of the kuru epidemic, who had multiple exposures at mortuary feasts, are predominantly PRNP codon 129 heterozygotes and this group show marked Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium. The deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is most marked in elderly women, but is also significant in a slightly younger cohort of men, consistent with their exposure to kuru as boys. Young Fore and the elderly from populations with no history of kuru show Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. An increasing cline in 129V allele frequency centres on the kuru region, consistent with the effect of selection in elevating the frequency of resistant genotypes in the exposed population. The genetic data are thus strikingly correlated with exposure. Considering the strong coding sequence conservation of primate prion protein genes, the number of global coding polymorphisms in man is surprising. By intronic resequencing in a European population, we have shown that haplotype diversity at PRNP comprises two major and divergent clades associated with 129M and 129V. Kuru may have imposed the strongest episode of recent human balancing selection, which may not have been an isolated episode in human history.
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DECKERS, B., E. KERSELAERS, H. GULINCK, B. MUYS, and M. HERMY. "Long-term spatio-temporal dynamics of a hedgerow network landscape in Flanders, Belgium." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 1 (March 2005): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905001840.
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Although the importance of hedgerows for sustainable agriculture and conservation of rural biodiversity is increasingly being recognized, obtaining insight into the spatial and temporal dynamics of hedgerow networks remains an important challenge for landscape ecologists, with the key factors driving changes in rural landscape structure especially deserving further attention. The present study analyses the long-term history of a hedgerow network landscape in Flanders, Belgium. A detailed reconstruction of the hedgerow network is made at five points in time, starting at the end of the 18th century until present, for 367 distinct 400 m×400 m samples. Whilst hedgerows were mainly concentrated around historical village centres and within valleys at the end of 18th century, the network expanded progressively during the 19th century. In the 20th century, the hedgerow network degraded strongly, with hedgerow density and connectivity declining and mesh-size heterogeneity and network fragmentation increasing, although the network recovered slightly during the 1990s. Different trajectories of change in hedgerow network structure were observed depending on landscape position, with both topography and village proximity significantly affecting hedgerow network dynamics. The present network structure was mainly governed by land use, with highly developed networks being predominantly associated with pasture. Three main conclusions arise from the results of this study. First, the role of land use and landscape position as basic factors steering hedgerow network dynamics at the landscape scale is demonstrated. Second, the long-term perspective of the study enabled insight into the poorly known expansion phase of hedgerow networks, linked mainly with the development of small-scale labour-intensive agriculture. Finally, the findings confirm the large-scale degradation of linear semi-natural habitats in European agricultural landscapes during most of the 20th century, and indicate that a pro-active rural policy can halt and even reverse this process.
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Haddad, Naif Adel, Leen Adeeb Fakhoury, and Talal S. Akasheh. "Notes on anthropogenic risks mitigation management and recovery of ancient theatres’ heritage." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 222–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-11-2016-0062.
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Purpose Ancient theatres and odea are one of the most significant and creative socio-cultural edutainment centres of human history that are still in use. They stood and served as huge multi-functional structures for social, religious, propaganda and political meeting space. Meanwhile, ancient theatres’ sites have an intrinsic value for all people, and as a vital basis for cultural diversity, social and economic development, they should continue to be a source of information for future generations. Though, all places with ancient theatre heritage should be assessed as to their potential risk from any anthropogenic or natural process. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The main paper’s objective is to discuss mainly the anthropogenic and technical risks, vulnerability and impact issues on the ancient classical theatres. While elaborating on relevant recent studies, where the authors were involved in ERATO and ATHENA European projects for ancient theatres and odea, this paper provides a brief overview of the main aspects of the anthropogenic qualitative risks and related issues for selected classical antiquity theatres. Some relevant cases are critically presented and investigated in order to examine and clarify the main risk mitigation issues as an essential prerequisite for theatre heritage preservation and its interface with heritage reuse. Findings Theatre risk mitigation is an ongoing and challenging task. By preventive conservation, theatre anthropogenic qualitative risks’ management can provide a framework for decision making. The needed related guidelines and recommendations that provide a systematic approach for sustainable management and planning in relation mainly to “ancient theatre compatible use” and “theatre technical risks” are analysed and presented. This is based on identification, classification and assessment of the theatre risk causes and contributing factors and their mitigation. Originality/value The paper also suggests a new methodological approach for the theatre anthropogenic qualitative risk assessment and mitigation management, and develop some recommendations that provide a systematic approach for theatre site managers and heritage experts to understand, assess, and mitigate risks mainly due to anthropogenic and technical threats.
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Warui, Mary Wanjiru, Lise Hansted, Mary Gikungu, John Mburu, Geoffrey Kironchi, and Aske Skovmand Bosselmann. "Characterization of Kenyan Honeys Based on Their Physicochemical Properties, Botanical and Geographical Origin." International Journal of Food Science 2019 (January 10, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2932509.
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Properties and composition of honey are essential in providing information regarding their quality as well as in their differentiation based on production region characteristics, e.g., floral sources. This paper presents physicochemical properties and floral sources (botanical origin) of 21 honey samples obtained from arid and semiarid areas of Kenya, specifically, West Pokot, Baringo, and Kitui Counties. Physicochemical parameters which were analyzed to determine honey quality included moisture content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), diastase activity, free acidity, and electrical conductivity. Values of these parameters were compared with those of the existing local, regional, and international standards for honey. Melissopalynological analysis (pollen analysis) was also carried out to provide information on botanical origin of the honeys. Results showed mean parameter values of moisture, 16.34%; HMF, 23.28 mg/kg; diastase activity, 10.67 Schade units; free acidity, 22.95 meq/kg; and electrical conductivity, 0.40 mS/cm. Free acidity and electrical conductivity values of honey samples obtained from West Pokot were significantly lower than the values of honeys from Baringo and Kitui. Eighteen (18) honey samples had all parameter values within the limits set in the East African, Codex Alimentarius, and the European Union directive standards for honey. Results also showed a total of 29 pollen types in the honey samples analyzed, and Acacia spp. was the predominant pollen type in 4 of the 21 honey samples. Findings of this study showed that Kenyan origin honeys can tap into the existing regional and international markets based on their quality which can be attributed to their botanical origin. Results of this study also suggested that honey producers have undertaken appropriate measures in honey harvesting, processing, handling, and storage. However, there is a need to build capacity of producers whose honey were of unacceptable quality. This would involve training on proper honey production, processing, and handling practices as well establishment of honey collection and processing centres at the local level in order to improve honey quality. This will enhance access to existing honey markets. Conservation of bee floral sources would also be needed to maintain honey quality.
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Walshe, Garvan. "Time to use to European power again." European View 19, no. 2 (October 2020): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685820975871.
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The decline of Russia and rise of China have shifted the security focus of the US towards China, leaving a security vacuum in Europe’s neighbourhood that the EU has so far been unwilling to fill. The vacuum has been exploited by hostile external powers, and nationalist anti-Europeans within, threatening the survival of the EU itself. A stronger European security role, anchored in a unified strategic culture, could turn the EU into a producer of regional security, and provide a new conservative narrative for European integration. While this will eventually need a treaty change, the centre–right should not wait until then to relegitimise the use of European power in Europe’s own neighbourhood.
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Czop, Janusz, Barbara Łydżba-Kopczyńska, and Barbara Świątkowska. "NATIONAL CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON HERITAGE – A NEW INITIATIVE ON THE MAP OF POLISH MUSEOLOGY." Muzealnictwo 58, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 123–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1025.
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Not so long ago, Poland was one of the European countries which lacked a research centre which would support museum institutions. Meeting numerous needs, the National Museum in Cracow (NMC) had been sharing the resources of its Laboratory with other museum institutions. This is how the National Centre for Research on Heritage (hereafter the Centre) was founded. Relying on equipment and specialists from the NMC Laboratory, the Centre offers multilateral research on objects and collections to Polish museum institutions. It organises contests which all Polish museums may apply to with their research projects. The Centre focuses on three main activities. Firstly, it carries out technological projects comprising the composition and features of materials used to make works of art. Secondly, there are projects linking technological research with analyses of the state of preservation and environmental conditions in order to safeguard works or sets of art or which are particularly culturally valuable. The third activity consists in joint interdisciplinary expertise with external research units. The Centre has also undertaken its own longterm programme of research into managing the protection of collections in a sustainable and effective way. Within the framework of the programme, methodology and tools for the quantitative assessment of risk are prepared. The development of the National Centre for Research, based on the already existing potential of the NMC, allows the effective usage of collected research equipment and the adaption of its activity to the real needs of museum institutions. At the same time, an important area of the Centre’s activity is the coordination and possibility of using the potential of groups conducting research in the field of heritage at the Polish Academy of Sciences or at higher education institutions. The next goal of the NMC is to expand the Centre’s activity on conservation work.
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Verschuren, Jacques, Jean-Claude Heymans, and Willy Delvingt. "Conservation in Benin with the help of the European Economic Community." Oryx 23, no. 1 (January 1989): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300022559.
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In 1985 the European Economic Community embarked on a major nature conservation project in Benin, the first time that the EEC has become involved in this way in a national park in Africa. The project is centred on Pendjari National Park in the north of the country, whose lands are a vital barrier against the spread of the desert from the north. The park is being reorganized, poaching is being controlled and the future looks brighter, not only for Pendjari but for the neighbouring lands also.
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EVANS, DOUGLAS, ANDRÁS DEMETER, PETER GAJDOŠ, and ĽUBOŠ HALADA. "Adapting environmental conservation legislation for an enlarged European Union: experience from the Habitats Directive." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000422.
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SUMMARYThe European Union's (EU's) Habitats Directive includes annexes listing the habitats and species requiring protection. As new countries join the EU these lists need to be amended to remain pertinent. In 2004 and 2007, 12 countries, mostly in central Europe, joined the EU and were asked to propose native species or habitats that required protection; this formed an initial base for negotiations with the European Commission in consultation with the existing member states and with scientific support from the European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity. The 12 countries made 831 proposals, resulting in the addition of 191 species and 33 habitats, and geographical exemptions for eight species. Although the Directive provided definitions, these needed to be supplemented with additional criteria to permit assessments of the proposals. The process involved many actors at both European and national level. This illustrates the development of biodiversity governance and provides potential lessons for future activities, including the need for scientific guidance and the importance of involving all relevant actors.
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Smith, Robert J., Paul D. Eastwood, Yoshitaka Ota, and Stuart I. Rogers. "Developing best practice for using Marxan to locate Marine Protected Areas in European waters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 1 (December 2, 2008): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn198.
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Abstract Smith, R. J., Eastwood, P. D., Ota, Y., and Rogers, S. I. 2009. Developing best practice for using Marxan to locate Marine Protected Areas in European waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 188–194. Several recent studies have investigated the use of the conservation planning software Marxan to design Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks in UK waters. The systematic conservation planning approach embodied by Marxan has a number of advantages, but these studies have highlighted the need for guidance and advice on best practice. Here, we discuss two broad topics that we feel should inform future developments in the UK and elsewhere in the European Union. First, several technical issues need to be addressed to ensure the scientific defensibility of any conservation planning project. These include identifying which conservation features should be represented in an MPA system, developing a system for setting representation targets, and identifying which data should be included to minimize conflict with human uses of the sea. Second, it is necessary for researchers to engage at an early stage with those responsible for implementation and recognize that reserve selection should be part of a broader conservation planning process centred on a stakeholder-developed implementation strategy. A more-inclusive approach will make use of technical outputs, such as those generated by Marxan, as part of the process of policy development.
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Strepetova, Marina, and Jordi Arcos-Pumarola. "Literary heritage in museum exhibitions: Identifying its main challenges in the European context." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 8, no. 3 (September 2020): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2020.8.3.5.
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Literary heritage presents a dialectic relationship between tangible and intangible elements. This complex duality presents challenges for curators, who must try to communicate this immaterial essence through the exhibition language. This article, structured on a two-phase research process, aims to identify the main challenges for literary heritage valorisation and communication in the museum context. First, interviews with specialists in literary heritage and museology from Catalonia and Russia were carried out to identify the main issues to be considered when designing a literary heritage exhibition and managing a literary heritage centre. Second, the websites of three renowned literary European museums were analysed to inspect whether and how these aspects are tackled by these museums and presented to their potential visitors. Results show that, firstly, the duality of literary heritage is vital in the designing of the exhibition; and secondly, that concepts such as human mediation, literary tourism, and promotion are important in finding new strategies to communicate and visibilise literary heritage intangible meanings.
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Mitsikopoulou, Bessie, and Christina Lykou. "The discursive construction of the recent European economic crisis in two political magazines." On the Horizon 23, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-05-2015-0022.
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Purpose – Acknowledging the important role of the media in shaping a European public sphere, the purpose of this paper is to explore how the recent economic crisis is discursively construed in the context of the British media discourse. It investigates discursive constructions of the economic crisis in two political magazines of different ideological positioning by placing emphasis on the economic crisis in Greece, the “weak link” of the Eurozone. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on systemic functional linguistics which views language as social semiotic and conducts a transitivity analysis of a corpus consisting of 59 articles (a total of 61,820 words) from two weekly British political magazines, one of conservative and one of centre-left political position. The analysis is assisted by Wordsmith 6.0 concordance corpus tool. Findings – It is argued that the articles of the conservative magazine construe the crisis as primarily local and financial, discussing its effects on the British economy. On the other hand, the articles of the centre-left magazine view the crisis as a systemic one derived from and, at the same time, affecting European Union policies and stress its political and economic implications in all of Eurozone. Originality/value – The findings of the study contribute to the body of studies which investigate the role of language in the construction of the economic crisis and also adds to the on-going discussion regarding the development of a European public sphere as part of the wider European Project and the process of European integration.
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Spinazzè, Borghi, Campagnolo, Rovelli, Keller, Fanti, Cattaneo, and Cavallo. "How to Obtain a Reliable Estimate of Occupational Exposure? Review and Discussion of Models’ Reliability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (August 2, 2019): 2764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152764.
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Evaluation and validation studies of quantitative exposure models for occupational exposure assessment are still scarce and generally only consider a limited number of exposure scenarios. The aim of this review was to report the current state of knowledge of models’ reliability in terms of precision, accuracy, and robustness. A systematic review was performed through searches of major scientific databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed), concerning reliability of Tier1 (“ECETOC TRA”-European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals Targeted Risk Assessment, MEASE, and EMKG-Expo-Tool) and Tier2 models (STOFFENMANAGER® and “ART”-Advanced Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Tool). Forty-five studies were identified, and we report the complete information concerning model performance in different exposure scenarios, as well as between-user reliability. Different studies describe the ECETOC TRA model as insufficient conservative to be a Tier1 model, in different exposure scenarios. Contrariwise, MEASE and EMKG-Expo-Tool seem to be conservative enough, even if these models have not been deeply evaluated. STOFFENMANAGER® resulted the most balanced and robust model. Finally, ART was generally found to be the most accurate and precise model, with a medium level of conservatism. Overall, the results showed that no complete evaluation of the models has been conducted, suggesting the need for correct and harmonized validation of these tools.
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Diamantakis, M., and J. Flemming. "Global mass fixer algorithms for conservative tracer transport in the ECMWF model." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 3 (May 23, 2014): 965–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-965-2014.
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Abstract. Various mass fixer algorithms (MFAs) have been implemented in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to ensure mass conservation of atmospheric tracers within the semi-Lagrangian (SL) advection scheme. Emphasis has been placed in implementing schemes that despite being primarily global in nature adjust the solution mostly in regions where the advected field has large gradients and therefore interpolation (transport) error is assumed larger. The MFAs have been tested in weather forecast, idealised and atmospheric dispersion cases. Applying these fixers to specific humidity and cloud fields did not change the accuracy of 10-day forecasts. In other words, global mass tracer conservation is achieved without deteriorating the solution accuracy. However, for longer forecast timescales or for forecasts in which correlated species are transported, experiments suggest that MFAs may improve IFS forecasts.
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Gaitanidis, Ioannis. "A “Nihilist Philosophy?”." Journal of Religion in Japan 10, no. 2-3 (July 14, 2021): 271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118349-01002006.
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Abstract Contrary to other European countries, where Buddhism has been studied since at least the 19th century, this paper shows that there are no known direct channels of transmission of Japanese Buddhism between Japan and Greece. Connections have, however, been made through other European countries, where, for example, Italy continues to play a major role. Moreover, these transmissions have taken a very long time to spread beyond the immediate circle of one or two key figures, because such traditions have been met with suspicion by the larger population, which remains influenced by a Christian Orthodox outlook. The establishment of Zen meditation centers in today’s urban centers, however, shows that the legal and official protections from which the Greek Church continues to benefit are not a reflection of devout sentiment among the population. This paper illustrates that under Greece’s conservative Orthodox climate, Japanese Buddhism has become simultaneously “Japanese culture” and a philosophy open to “all religions.”
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Oscier, David Graham, Zadie Davis, Patricia Algara, Alexandra Traverse-Glehen, Kostos Stamatopoulos, Jan Delabie, Anne Gardiner, et al. "VH Gene Analysis in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Identifies Patients with Structurally Similar B Cell Receptors but Does Not Provide Prognostic Information." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2421.2421.
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Abstract Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare indolent B cell malignancy whose diagnosis is based on splenic and/or marrow histology, lymphocyte morphology and immunophenotype. A low level paraprotein and deletion of chromosome 7q are found in approximately 40% of patients. IgVH gene analysis has been performed in several small studies with evidence of biased VH gene usage noted in some studies, and a poor clinical outcome for patients with unmutated VH genes found in a single study. In order to clarify the biological and clinical significance of VH gene usage and mutational state in SMZL we have analysed pooled data from 5 European centres. Of the172 VH sequences analysed 53 (31%) utilised the V1-02 gene compared to a usage of 4% in 939 cases of CLL and < 4% in 315 normal B cell rearrangements. 89% of SMZL V1-02’s utilised the V1-02-04 allele compared to only 40% in CLL. D3-3 was used in 43% of the SMZL V1-02 cases compared to only 15% in the non-V1-02 cases. 51% of V1-02 cases had >97.9% homology to the germline sequence, most ranged between 96–99%. Constitutional DNA was sequenced from 6 V1-02 cases whose tumor DNA showed 98–99% homology. In each case differences in the tumor VH gene from the germline sequence were due to mutations rather than polymorphisms. The VH gene of 19/22 V1-02’s analysed showed at least 1 of 3 common mutations observed. 13/18 V1-02 cases utilised D3-3 in reading frame 3 and retained 2 aminoacids (GV) in all cases. The mean CDR3 length was 20 aminoacids (range 18–25). 4 additional cases utilising D3-3 in reading frame 1 showed conservation of 3 aminoacids (FLE) and 2 of these cases had virtually identical CDR3’s. These data suggest a role for antigen in the pathogenesis of SMZL, at least in a subset of patients. Clinical outcome data were available in 166 patients presenting with splenomegaly of whom 130 underwent splenectomy. 98 had mutated VH genes and 68 unmutated VH genes using a 98% cut off. There was no difference in overall survival between mutated and unmutated cases nor between the V1-02 and non V1-02 cases. Disease progression after initial therapy occurred in 69 patients overall and in 46 who underwent splenectomy as primary therapy. In neither group of progressive cases was there a correlation between progression and VH gene mutational status. VH gene data was also available on an additional 26 patients who presented with a lymphocytosis and the typical lymphocyte morphology, immunophenotype and incidence of 7q deletions found in SMZL but without splenomegaly. Only 1 case (4%) utilised the V1-02 gene. Further studies are required to determine whether these patients represent a benign subset of SMZL or a separate disorder. In conclusion, VH gene analysis in SMZL confirms biased VH gene usage with evidence of antigen selection but does not support the clinical use of VH genes as a prognostic marker.
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Hájek, T. "Care for monuments in Central Europe regarding the revitalisation of the countryside." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 7 (March 2, 2012): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5404-agricecon.
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The cultural landscape and rural areas are considered to be a key component of the European cultural heritage. The European Landscape Convention, which the Czech Republic signed in the autumn of 2002, was also formulated in this sense. Consequently, the reform of care of monuments cannot be left entirely to official workers, but is becoming an important subject from the standpoint of maintenance of the functional and demographic stability of rural areas. It is necessary to point out that the care for monuments in Central Europe is at a crucial point, that could be described as a crisis. The reasons are as follows. 1) Time extension of care for monuments as well as the spatial extension of care for monuments. 2) Care for monuments has somewhat neglected to explain and defend its significance – consequently, a great many private owners of cultural monuments are not fully aware of the ideas, on the basis of which limitations are placed on their rights to manage their property, for the good of the cultural heritage. 3) Aesthetic conclusions are increasingly important in deciding what is and what is not a cultural monument. However, this can readily be influenced by the influx of very attractive, but worthless “popular“ architecture, currently being introduced by a great many development companies. 4) Care for monuments represents the execution of a particular activity rather than a fixed formulated intellectual system of canons. 5) Even under the best economic conditions, the state as such does not have the means to provide appropriate care for the cultural heritage in state ownership (including state land in the poorer areas) and is certainly not capable of creating a motivation system within its framework for searching for new ways of using this property without abusing it. 6) In general, it can be stated that condition of democratisation within the care for monuments certainly does not attain the level of participation in environmental protection. 7) Care for monuments, especially in Central Europe, tends to continue to emphasise simple conservation of monuments and is minimally concerned with reanimation of the monument fund. This is why the care for the cultural heritage must again formulate its purpose, especially in relation to the decrease in the importance of national states, globalisation and, simultaneously, regionalisation of the world.
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Reho, Federico Ottavio. "Subsidiarity in the EU: Reflections on a centre–right agenda." European View 18, no. 1 (April 2019): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685819843248.
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This article re-examines the problem of EU subsidiarity in the light of the political economy of federalism and centre–right thinking. It argues that if Christian Democratic, conservative and liberal parties are serious about strengthening subsidiarity, they should urge the EU to take steps in the direction of scenario four of the European Commission’s White Paper on the Future of Europe. Misleadingly titled ‘Doing less more efficiently’, this scenario is in fact about ‘delivering more and faster in selected policy areas, while doing less elsewhere’, as the subtitle correctly states. A new compact combining the targeted strengthening of key federal policies at the EU level with the EU’s gradual disengagement from other policy areas seems the most promising way to take the Union out of the doldrums and strike a compromise between Eurosceptics and Europhiles.
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Perpiña Castillo, Carolina, Eloína Coll Aliaga, Carlo Lavalle, and José Carlos Martínez Llario. "An Assessment and Spatial Modelling of Agricultural Land Abandonment in Spain (2015–2030)." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020560.
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This article presents a study based on the outputs from the LUISA Territorial modelling platform (Joint Research Centre of the European Commission) focused on regional and local future projections of land abandonment between 2015 and 2030. Spain is taken as representative of one of the countries highly affected by agricultural land abandonment in the European Union. The most relevant factors driving land abandonment (biophysical, agroeconomics, farm structure and demographic) are described and mapped. Results from the analysis reveal that the Galicia region, northern Spain (Asturias, Cantabria, Gipuzkoa, Bizkaia), north-eastern Spain (Aragón region), central Pyrenees/Ebro basin (Huesca, Navarra, Lleida) and south-eastern Spain (Murcia, Almería, Alicante, Málaga) are expected to undergo important abandonment processes. The study also concludes that land abandonment within mountainous, high nature value farmland and Natura 2000 areas is lower compared to the outside area without conservation and protection measures.
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García, Dolores Brandis. "Urban Policies and Large Projects in Central City Areas: The Example of Madrid (Spain)." Urban Science 5, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5020042.
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Since the late 20th century major, European cities have exhibited large projects driven by neoliberal urban planning policies whose aim is to enhance their position on the global market. By locating these projects in central city areas, they also heighten and reinforce their privileged situation within the city as a whole, thus contributing to deepening the centre–periphery rift. The starting point for this study is the significance and scope of large projects in metropolitan cities’ urban planning agendas since the final decade of the 20th century. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the correlation between the various opposing conservative and progressive urban policies, and the projects put forward, for the city of Madrid. A study of documentary sources and the strategies deployed by public and private agents are interpreted in the light of a process during which the city has had a succession of alternating governments defending opposing urban development models. This analysis allows us to conclude that the predominant large-scale projects proposed under conservative policies have contributed to deepening the centre–periphery rift appreciated in the city.
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Čeginskas, Viktorija L. A., and Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus. "Politics of solidarity in the context of European heritage. The cases of the European Solidarity Centre and Hambach Castle." International Journal of Heritage Studies 26, no. 10 (September 11, 2019): 998–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2019.1663235.
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MOREAU, MARIE-ANNICK, and OLIVER T. COOMES. "Aquarium fish exploitation in western Amazonia: conservation issues in Peru." Environmental Conservation 34, no. 1 (March 2007): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892907003566.
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The Amazon basin is a key supplier of wild freshwater fishes to the multi-billion US$ global aquarium market, yet limited information exists on the organization of the regional trade, its importance to local economies or conservation impacts. Through field interviews and review of government statistics, this paper describes the state of the industry in Peru, reporting on the scale and value of the trade, the nature of the fishery and the characteristics and roles of key actors in regional supply networks. An economically important industry is revealed, with 28 firms officially exporting over nine million fishes worth US$ 2.5 million to 24 countries in 2001, and involving fish species from 36 families transported from rainforest catchments up to 1100 km distant from the export centre of Iquitos. Most fish are however collected close to the city, with 10 species representing >70% of trade volume. Some 10 000 people earn income from the trade, among them many rural poor who depend on aquarium fish collection as a primary or supplementary source of cash income. The industry is currently undergoing an important transition towards supplying new Asian and European markets, increasing exports of species biologically unsuited to heavy exploitation as a result, and highlighting the conservation need for improved knowledge and management of the trade in Amazonia.
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Barton, Gregory A., and Brett M. Bennett. "Environmental Conservation and Deforestation in British India 1855–1947: A Reinterpretation." Itinerario 32, no. 2 (July 2008): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530000200x.
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The history of forestry in British India has evoked a wide range of responses from environmental historians. Debates often centre in particular on the ethic of the bureaucratic organisation responsible for managing the government-controlled forests of India: the Indian Forest Service. Born on the subcontinent and rooted in the European scientific tradition, the Indian Forest Service model, or “empire forestry” as it came to be called from the 1920s onward, has been described as a first step in the world-wide environmental movement or, alternately, as the culprit responsible for widespread deforestation of the subcontinent. This article will address a key aspect of the debate over the Indian Forest Service (hereafter referred to as the IFS) that has profound implications for our understanding of the relationship -between imperialism and forestry conservation. By examining the tension between conservation-minded foresters who battled against timber companies and economically focused imperial bureaucrats, we answer the following question: did the IFS develop a legacy of deforestation throughout the subcontinent between 1855 and 1947? We conclude that the IFS did not develop a dominant ethic of resource exploitation, nor did the IFS rapidly accelerate the rates of deforestation during the colonial period. Rather, the IFS provided a powerful and persuasive counterweight to gentleman capitalists and economically oriented administrators who strenuously battled for more extensive exploitation of forest resources.
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Kuhlmann, Ellen, and Viola Burau. "Strengthening stakeholder involvement in health workforce governance: why we need to talk about power." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 23, no. 1 (October 19, 2017): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819617727302.
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There is now widespread agreement on the benefits of an integrated, people-centred health workforce, but the implementation of new models is difficult. We argue that we need to think about stakeholders and power, if we want to ensure change in the health workforce. We discuss these issues from a governance perspective and suggest a critical approach to stakeholder involvement as an indicator of good governance. Three models of involving stakeholders in health workforce governance can be identified: corporatist professional involvement either in a continental European model of conservative corporatism or in a Nordic model of public corporatism; managerialist and market-centred involvement of professions as organizational agents; and a more inclusive, network-based involvement of plural professional experts at different levels of governance. The power relations embedded in these models of stakeholder involvement have different effects on capacity building for an integrated health workforce.
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Greenfield, Jeanette. "The return of cultural property." Antiquity 60, no. 228 (March 1986): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00057598.
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The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries bore witness to the zenith of the European art of 'collecting' antiquities. The second half of the nineteenth century saw the beginnings of systematic archaeological techniques of excavation, field survey, conservation and protection. It saw what Professor Seton Lloyd has called the 'birth of a conscience' regarding the expropriation of antiquities from other countries. In the twentieth century the idea has emerged that cultural property is a matter of international concern, as being part of the 'heritage of mankind'. This concern has centred around looting from and destruction of archaeological sites, cultural heritage, the illicit traffic of art in the international market, and the return of cultural property. ildditional controls have been sought to establish the protection of cultural property in time of war as well as peace.
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Egger, Joseph, and Klaus-Peter Hoinka. "Global Angular Momentum Fluxes in Height Coordinates." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 8 (August 2011): 2552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3514.1.
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AbstractWhile time and zonal mean budgets of axial angular momentum (AAM) have been presented in pressure coordinates and also in isentropic coordinates, AAM budgets in height coordinates have not been published yet. The results of such an analysis on the basis of the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) winter data are presented in this paper, which includes explicitly evaluated vertical eddy fluxes of momentum and mass as new features. As expected, AAM fluxes related to the Hadley cell are dominant. Transient vertical AAM fluxes are directed upward at the midlatitudes. Transient mass transports are not negligible, while triple terms are unimportant. Problems with the global balance of torques acting at the surface are discussed as well as those of mass conservation.
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Fernández-García, José L. "The endangered Dama dama mesopotamica Brooke, 1875: genetic variability, allelic loss and hybridization signals." Contributions to Zoology 81, no. 4 (December 14, 2012): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08104003.
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The Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica) formerly widespread in the Middle East was described scientifically at the end of the 19th century and considered extinct ever since. In 1956 it was rediscovered in south-western Iran. As a result, several countries have undertaken actions to reintroduce this subspecies in its native territory. In 2007 the Christian Oswald Foundation, in close cooperation with Iranian institutions, launched plans of in situ and ex situ breeding actions, with its centre in the German Von Opel Zoo and with cooperative Mediterranean partner countries as Israel, to support conservation efforts under scientific control. We performed genetic studies to study the suspected hybridization with European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) and a commitment to preserve pureblood populations. We used a set of microsatellite loci to examine genetic variation and recent hybridization with the European fallow deer. All microsatellite loci used were polymorphic, but some were monomorphic within subspecies. The allelic richness was similar in both subspecies but the ‘private allelic richness’ was reduced to a half in the Persian fallow deer, signalling allelic loss due to genetic drift and inbreeding. Moreover, we showed the presence of two discrete groups representing the two subspecies, with no signs of admixture or hybridization. Furthermore, Persian fallow deer studied here belong to two pre-defined genetics groups: the wild and the (more genetically impoverished) captive populations of Persian fallow deer. Finally, the Persian fallow deer deserves a high conservation priority, both in the Iranian stock and in the captive populations, so as to avoid hybridization.
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Callan, Roger J., and Gabrielle Kyndt. "Business travellers' perception of service quality: a prefatory study of two European city centre hotels." International Journal of Tourism Research 3, no. 4 (2001): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.333.
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Appolloni, M., S. Fransen, H. Fischer, and M. Remedia. "TRANSIENT MULTI-DOF VIBRATION TESTING: ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA." Journal of the IEST 63, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/1557-2196-63.1.75.
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Abstract The HYDRA facility is a very large 6-Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) hydraulic shaker located in the European Space Research and Technology Centre of ESA in The Netherlands. It has been recently used as test platform to perform a number of innovative, 6-DoF experimental vibration runs with the aim of assessing more flight-representative ways to dynamically qualify a spacecraft, hence reducing the level of conservatism. This paper focuses on the methodology behind the definition of the injected profiles computed by launcher/spacecraft coupled loads analysis, the performance achieved by HYDRA and its state-of-the-art MIMO control system, how the experimental data compare to the simulation ones, and aims also at defining success criteria for 6-DoF transient testing.
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Mazzola, Elena, Tiziano Dalla Mora, Fabio Peron, and Piercarlo Romagnoni. "An Integrated Energy and Environmental Audit Process for Historic Buildings." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203940.
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The valorization and sustainable management of historic centers is a topic relevant to the cultural identity and heritage of European cities. A rational strategy to preserve the centers must consider both energy and environmental retrofitting, even if this is a complex issue requiring interdisciplinary approaches, dedicated diagnostic procedures, and specific tools. Within this context, this paper proposes an integrated method for energy and environmental analysis specifically devoted to historical building retrofit. Attention is focused on cases in which building management is not interested in renovation or in a deep conservation project, but instead in green management and maintenance overhaul. The basis of the procedure is the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance (LEED O+M) rating protocol. The global goal was the definition of an intervention strategy indicating the principal direction of action. The first step is identifying critical issues in the operation of the building through energy diagnosis and dynamic thermophysical simulations. The second step is defining a panel of appropriate retrofit measures. The third step is choosing between alternatives to increase the sustainability performance following an environmental assessment scheme. Ca’ Rezzonico in Venice (Italy), a 17th-century palace, nowadays the seat of a museum, was used as a case study to apply the proposed methodology.
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Lõhmus, Piret, Raul Rosenvald, and Asko Lõhmus. "Effectiveness of solitary retention trees for conserving epiphytes: differential short-term responses of bryophytes and lichens." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-032.
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Green-tree retention (GTR) on clearcuts is an attempt to mimic natural disturbances and provide habitat for species that are generally absent in clear-cut stands, but its efficacy for sustaining biodiversity is poorly known. We studied (i) the total cover and vitality of lichens and bryophytes on four common tree species in three locations (centre and edge of GTR cuts and adjacent forest) and (ii) the composition of and damage to various epiphytic species on European aspen (Populus tremula L.) and birches (Betula spp.) in Estonia during 2 postharvesting years. Bryophytes on all tree species throughout the GTR cuts were severely unhealthy (60% of shoots desiccated, on average); lichens were much more robust (2% of thalli bleached or broken), particularly at the edges of harvested areas and on aspen and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.; hereinafter referred to as ash). Most lichen damage appeared to be unrelated to logging (the damaged species were also affected in forests). Aspen hosted many more species, including those of conservation concern, than birch. If tree species, size, and bark texture are carefully considered, GTR could be a successful tool for conserving lichens, particularly many microlichens on aspen and ash. However, bryophytes on solitary trees were generally unhealthy, at least in the short term.
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Silvennoinen, Oula. "‘Home, Religion, Fatherland’: Movements of the Radical Right in Finland." Fascism 4, no. 2 (November 23, 2015): 134–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00402005.
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This article charts the history of fascism in Finland and looks for the causes of its failure. Like most of its European contemporaries, Finnish nationalism was radicalized in similar processes which produced successful fascist movements elsewhere. After the end of the Great War, Finnish nationalists were engaged first in a bitter civil war, and then in a number of Freikorps-style attempts to expand the borders of the newly-made Finnish state. Like elsewhere, these experiences produced a generation of frustrated and embittered, radicalized nationalists to serve as the cadre of Finnish fascist movements. The article concentrates on the Lapua movement, in which fascist influences and individuals were in a prominent position, even though the movement publicly adopted a predominantly conservative anti-communist outlook centred on the values of home, religion and fatherland.
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Dines, Nick. "An irreconcilable first-place: the precarious life of tourism and heritage in a southern European historic centre." International Journal of Heritage Studies 24, no. 2 (June 8, 2016): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2016.1195428.
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Hersche, Ruth, Andrea Weise, Gisela Michel, Jürg Kesselring, Marco Barbero, and Jan Kool. "Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a 3-Week Inpatient Energy Management Education Program for People with Multiple Sclerosis–Related Fatigue." International Journal of MS Care 21, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2018-058.
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Abstract Background: Energy conservation strategies and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques are valid parts of outpatient fatigue management education in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). In many European countries, multidisciplinary rehabilitation for people with MS is chiefly delivered in specialized rehabilitation centers, where they benefit from short intensive inpatient rehabilitation annually. However, no evidence-based and standardized fatigue management education program compatible with the inpatient setting is available. Methods: Based on a literature search and the expertise of occupational therapists (OTs), a manualized group-based Inpatient Energy Management Education (IEME) program for use during 3-week inpatient rehabilitation that incorporates energy conservation and cognitive behavioral management approaches was developed. An IEME pilot program operated by trained OTs included 13 people with MS-related fatigue. The experiences of the IEME users and OTs were collected during focus groups to refine the program's materials and verify its feasibility in the inpatient setting. Results: The program was feasible in an inpatient setting and met the needs of the people with MS. Targeted behaviors were taught to all participants in a clinical context. In-charge OTs were able to effect behavioral change through IEME. Conclusions: Users evaluated the evidence-based IEME program positively. The topics, supporting materials, and self-training tasks are useful for the promotion and facilitation of behavioral change. The next step is a clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of IEME and to evaluate relevant changes in self-efficacy, fatigue impact, and quality of life after patients return home.
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Dufek, Stephanie, Tuula Holtta, Agnes Trautmann, Elisa Ylinen, Harika Alpay, Gema Ariceta, Christoph Aufricht, et al. "Management of children with congenital nephrotic syndrome: challenging treatment paradigms." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 34, no. 8 (June 21, 2018): 1369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfy165.
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AbstractBackgroundManagement of children with congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is challenging. Bilateral nephrectomies followed by dialysis and transplantation are practiced in most centres, but conservative treatment may also be effective.MethodsWe conducted a 6-year review across members of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology Dialysis Working Group to compare management strategies and their outcomes in children with CNS.ResultsEighty children (50% male) across 17 tertiary nephrology units in Europe were included (mutations in NPHS1, n = 55; NPHS2, n = 1; WT1, n = 9; others, n = 15). Excluding patients with mutations in WT1, antiproteinuric treatment was given in 42 (59%) with an increase in S-albumin in 70% by median 6 (interquartile range: 3–8) g/L (P < 0.001). Following unilateral nephrectomy, S-albumin increased by 4 (1–8) g/L (P = 0.03) with a reduction in albumin infusion dose by 5 (2–9) g/kg/week (P = 0.02). Median age at bilateral nephrectomies (n = 29) was 9 (7–16) months. Outcomes were compared between two groups of NPHS1 patients: those who underwent bilateral nephrectomies (n = 25) versus those on conservative management (n = 17). The number of septic or thrombotic episodes and growth were comparable between the groups. The response to antiproteinuric treatment, as well as renal and patient survival, was independent of NPHS1 mutation type. At final follow-up (median age 34 months) 20 (80%) children in the nephrectomy group were transplanted and 1 died. In the conservative group, 9 (53%) remained without dialysis, 4 (24%; P < 0.001) were transplanted and 2 died.ConclusionAn individualized, stepwise approach with prolonged conservative management may be a reasonable alternative to early bilateral nephrectomies and dialysis in children with CNS and NPHS1 mutations. Further prospective studies are needed to define indications for unilateral nephrectomy.
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Niedziałkowski, Krzysztof, and Renata Putkowska-Smoter. "What Is the Role of the Government in Wildlife Policy? Evolutionary Governance Perspective." Politics and Governance 9, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i2.4106.
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With the growing populations and range of large wild mammals in Europe, wildlife governance has grown in importance and provoked social conflicts, pressuring policy-makers to provide adequate policy responses. Some countries chose decentralised approaches, while others retain traditional top-down mechanisms. However, evolutionary mechanisms behind those changes and their impact on steering have attracted relatively little attention. We investigated the evolution of the governance of three wildlife species (European bison, moose, and wolf) in Poland (1945–2020) to map their existing paths and explore external and internal factors influencing steering patterns. The results suggest that despite the persistent dominance of state-centred governance and top-down hierarchical instruments characteristic for a post-socialist country, steering involved intense and often informal communication with influential actors. A growing diversity of actors and discourses in wildlife governance increased the state’s steering options and improved conservation outcomes. Concurrently, the government’s steering shifted from concrete policy results to managing tensions and interests within the field. These transformations helped to retain the effectiveness of steering in the changing context, while retaining state-dominated governance.
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Galán Pérez, Ana. "La Conservación-Restauración en el marco profesional Europeo: La Reunión de Nájera para el desarrollo Español del Plan Estratégico de E.C.C.O.-Confederación Europea de Organizaciones de Conservadores-Restauradores." Ge-conservacion 12 (December 19, 2017): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37558/gec.v12i0.450.
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Este artículo tiene como objeto presentar la Reunión de Nájera, donde se generó un intenso foro de debate entre las diversas asociaciones profesionales de conservadores-restauradores y los centros educativos que imparten el Grado en Conservación-Restauración. Esta dinámica fue coordinada por ACRE con el objeto de desarrollar el Plan Estratégico de ECCO, la Confederación Europea de Organizaciones de Conservadores-Restauradores. Toma su nombre gracias a la colaboración de la Escuela de Patrimonio Histórico de Nájera del IPCE, en cuya sede se desarrolló el programa de contenidos a lo largo de dos días de intensa actividad.
Conscientes del impulso generado por la dinámica de trabajo y cooperación, merece alimentarse y seguir avanzando, sumando e integrando todas las voces activas de la profesión.
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Orzan, Marius, Theodora Benedek, Balázs Bajka, Kinga Pál, Nora Rat, and Imre Benedek. "Impact of a Preexisting STEMI Network in Improving STEMI Diagnostic and Treatment in the Community after the Introduction of a National Program of Interventional Treatment in Acute myocardial Infarction." Journal Of Cardiovascular Emergencies 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jce-2015-0004.
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Abstract Introduction: According to European guidelines, ST elevation acute myocardial infarction should be treated by immediate reperfusion, if diagnosed within 12 hours from the onset of symptoms. We aimed to show the impact of a well-functioning pre-existing STEMI network in improving the results of a national program dedicated to the invasive treatment of AMI. Methods: We followed the comparison between primary PCI rates and STEMI-related mortality in two regions, after the introduction of a nationwide program for the interventional treatment of acute myocardial infarction: region A, where the territory has been appropriately prepared via previous organizational measures in the network, and region B, where the territory has not been previously prepared. Results: In 2011, one year after the initiation of the national program, a primary PCI rate of 12.1%, a thrombolysis rate of 10.1% and a no-reperfusion treatment rate of 77.8% have been found in these new centers for patients arriving <12 h from symptoms onset. This has been reflected in a mortality of 23.07% for “early presentations” in these new centers in 2011. In comparison, data from the territorial hospitals of the registry (only those without cathlab facilities, similar to the new centers) showed in 2011 a 73.85% primary PCI rate, 12.09% thrombolysis rate and a 14.07% conservative treatment rate, reflected in a mortality of 6.81% for “early presentations” in the registry centers. Conclusions: The national strategy for reduction of STEMI related mortality via implementation of primary PCI, started in 2010, had a significant impact especially in that region where the territory was previously prepared with appropriate organizational efforts, including educational and logistic measures.
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Castillo, Alicia, and Sonia Menéndez. "Managing Urban Archaeological Heritage: Latin American Case Studies." International Journal of Cultural Property 21, no. 1 (February 2014): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739113000313.
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Abstract:This article focuses on the idea that archaeology aids the revaluation of cultural properties within historical centers. At the same time, it holds that the application of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972 should imply the development of best management practices at inscribed sites. The handling of archaeological heritage in three Latin American cities is presented and discussed in this study, through the theoretical assumptions of preventive archaeology for the management of archaeological properties. It examines the different social contexts of World Heritage in these areas and concludes that the traditional vision of World Heritage impedes other historical readings of the past in these places. This conclusion is reached through a proactive vision defending the use of these UNESCO World Heritage Sites to improve management models with high public participation, the use of which should also be considered in the European community. There is, finally, a reminder of the desired objective: the improvement of archaeological management and, consequently, of urban historical discourses, whose outcomes enrich the lives of citizens.
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Yaroshenko, I. V., and I. B. Semyhulina. "Innovative Approaches to Develop «Smart» Cities: the Legal Framework in Ukraine and the European Experience." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 2, no. 48 (2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2021-2-95-102.
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Over time, the role of cities as centers of economic, political and cultural life has increased significantly; they are major participants in the globalization process, affect economic growth and state policy. Cities are the main elements in many spheres of public life: they determine the education level and trends; the largest production facilities are placed in them or near them; city dwellers work as managers of different levels and shape state policy. Thus, the issues of urbanization, life and development of large cities, towns and areas around them are central to the consideration of self-government. Today, effective local governance and, consequently, effective development and promotion of the people’s well-being are viewed through the prism of achieving a balance between economic development, environmental protection and social development. Due to high population density, cities possess significant potential for creativity and innovation, energy conservation, environmental friendliness, socio-cultural diversity, etc., so it is the dynamic interaction of these features that drives European development. Setting sustainable development of cities and territories as a goal makes it important to take into account European experience not only in solving the existing problems of their functioning, but also in choosing priorities for the development of modern cities based on innovative approaches and the introduction of "smart" components. The significance of forming the required legal framework for an individual administrative and territorial unit (region, territory, city, community, etc.) to function, and of assessing its state for further use in public management of territorial development, determines the importance of developing and implementing an effective system of legal documents to address socio-economic problems and encourage sustainable regional (territorial) development in Ukraine.
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Fernández-García, Manuel, Clemente J. Navarro, and Irene Gómez-Ramirez. "Evaluating Territorial Targets of European Integrated Urban Policy. The URBAN and URBANA Initiatives in Spain (1994–2013)." Land 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090956.
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Since the 1990s, the EU has promoted urban integrated programmes in vulnerable urban areas, combining top-down and bottom-up approaches to select the target areas. The bottom-up approach refers to selecting disadvantaged areas by municipalities, and the top-down approach deals with the eligibility criteria established by programmes. However, the level of compliance with these criteria among the areas selected is not usually evaluated. This study proposes a research strategy and analyses the URBAN and URBANA Initiatives in Spain (1994–2013). The objective is to evaluate the adequacy of selected areas through a methodology (effect size analysis) that assesses the level of vulnerability of urban areas defined in each city according to the criteria specified by the calls for proposals of the different urban regeneration programmes. According to the existing literature on the subject, a good selection of territorial targets is a fundamental element in the success of area-based interventions. The principal findings are that selected areas meet eligibility criteria, especially as regards urban fabric and unemployment. This article’s main contribution is to show that effect size analysis is an easy method to evaluate target selection in area-based policies from a methodological perspective. Together with centred measures of eligibility criteria (indicators), this methodological approach allows for comparisons between and within programmes and can be helpful to both practitioners or policy analysis scholars.