Dissertations / Theses: 'European Community'

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Tyrrell, Nicola. "European identity beyond boundaries : conceptualising a future European community." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26128.

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This thesis maintains that the study and practice of European integration is hindered by an unquestioned and all-embracing conceptual foundation, derived from 17th/18th century political thought. By virtue of identity-related assumptions including 'nation-state', 'nationalism', and 'sovereignty', which rest on an exclusive binary distinction between "self" and "other", this foundation is inadequate and anachronistic as a theoretical lens through which to understand the dynamics of contemporary Europe.
Chapter 1 reveals the inadequacy of existing theories of European integration, and Chapter 2 traces this inadequacy to the issue of identity, tying it in with a modern identity crisis. It is argued that the theory and practice of European integration in the 1990's depends on a fundamental reconceptualisation of identity, to eliminate the conceptual rigidity of exclusive self/other binary distinction, and so to provide the basis for a new kind of European identity. In Chapter 3, the framework of a new "non-fixed", "non-essential" and pragmatic identity (and therefore European identity), beyond the self/other boundaries of contemporary thought, is elaborated through the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida, and its effect on the study and practice of European integration is assessed.

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Simpson, James M. G. "Restructuring European telecommunications : the efficacy of European Community (EC) strategies." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315371.

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Tryfonidou, Alina. "Reverse discrimination in European Community law." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521598.

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4

Senden, Linda. "Soft law in European Community law /." Oxford [u.a.] : Hart, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/384077412.pdf.

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Rittberger, Berthold. "The parliamentarisation of the European Community." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251507.

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Hodges, Christopher John Stratford. "Safety in European Community product regulation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/safety-in-european-community-product-regulation(e4f1a670-a5f5-41c3-8b24-87b7f4a52774).html.

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7

Whitehouse, Steven Thomas. "Youth unemployment in the European Community." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374601.

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8

Frerichs, Sabine. "Unravelling the European Community of Debt." John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12224.

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9

King, Sadie Lorraine. "Rethinking Community competence : towards a European community of interdependent states." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297568.

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10

Christakis, Michalis. "Greece and the European Community : the change of attitude of the Greek socialists towards the European Community." Thesis, University of Kent, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332654.

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11

Dimgba, Nnamdi. "European Community Competition Law procedure and the European Convention of Human Rights." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418422.

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This thesis is concerned with the subject of human rights protection in the field of European Community competition law. In particular, it looks at the cOlnpliance of Community competition law procedure with the European Convention on Human Rights. This subject is considered not only interesting but also necessary for at least two reasons. The first is the fact that even though the COlnn1unity is not a party to the Convention, all the Member States are on their own parties to it. These Member States are often saddled with the obligation of implementing Community sanctions on undertakings for violations of the con1petition rules. If the procedure for arriving at those sanctions is not compliant with the Convention, to what extent then could these Member States assist in enforcing the sanctions in keeping with their obligations under Community law, and still operate within their obligations under the Convention? The second is the fact that undertakings consistently raise Convention points and defences even before the Comn1unity Courts, notwithstanding the fact that the Community is not a party to the Convention. To what extent then are they entitled to do so? The answer must be tied to the question of the extent to which the Convention is a part of Community law. At the root of the whole problem are the enormous and multiple responsibilities which the Commission dispenses in the enforcement of cOlnpetition law. These responsibilities are considered, at least by both undertakings and commentators, to be quite contradictory in the sense that the Commission adorns different garbs such as that of policy-making, investigation, prosecution and decisionmaking, almost simultaneously. This thesis discusses these issues. It calls for a major change to the way competition law is enforced in the Comn1unity. This major change is to comprise of two components, an external and an internal one. Externally, it calls for the Community's accession to the European Convention on Human Rights, in order to bring the Community institutions, including the Courts, to the supervisory control of the European Court of Hmnan Rights. This would, at least symbolically, raise the overall level of hun1an rights protection in competition law. The internal component would consist of breaking the cumulative powers of the Commission and the transfer of first instance decision-making power to a judicial organ, either to the Court of First Instance, or to a court to be specially set up for competition law. This last component would raise, not just symbolically, but also in real terms, the level and perception of human rights protection in Community competition law procedure.

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Ledger, Gillian Deborah. "Analysis of the impact of East European change upon European Community and East European liner shipping." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2018.

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In its attempt to analyse the impact of East European change upon the European Community and East European liner shipping industries this thesis covers an extensive range of highly topical subject areas. The wide range of non uniform information gleaned from the research and the question of spurious objectivity form the main arguments behind the use of qualitative rather than quantitative assessment throughout. The diverse study area also necessitated a narrowing to the case of Polish Ocean Lines' North Atlantic operations to enable a meaningful analysis to be carried out. The early part of the thesis examines the background to the East European situation before moving on to identify the main issues that directly affect Polish shipping, through the use of a Contextual model. Using the information gained here a newly developed Contextual Matrix Model then enables the main issues to be extracted. These issues indicate that the changes affecting Polish Ocean Lines require an exercise in repositioning. To assess this fully a framework approach is developed to determine Polish Ocean Lines' position for 1988 and 1992. A further framework is then created for the European Community competitors' 1992 position, in order that a positional comparison can be carried out with Polish Ocean Lines. The results of the comparison indicate that repositioning is taking place at Polish Ocean Lines as a direct reaction to the changes occurring throughout East Europe. The discussion concludes that this is a dynamic, volatile and topical area which raises a number of points of possible interest for further research.

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Dwan, Renata. "An uncommon Community : France and the European Defence Community, 1950-1954." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321550.

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Li, Lei. "Community interest in the European antidumping law." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637074.

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Le, Guen Delphine. "Merger control in the European Economic Community." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56895.

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The present thesis analyzes merger control in the European Economic Community, a topical domain on the eve of the completion of the internal market. After a definition according to three approaches (traditional, geographical, quantitative), the provisions of the Rome Treaty on competition law (articles 85 and 86) are elaborated upon, to underline the reinforcement of the Commission's control powers since the entry into force of Council Regulation N$ sp circ$4064/89, in September 1990. The air transport industry has been chosen to illustrate the concept of a priori control of concentrations and its modalities of application in different economic policies.
Jurisprudence and various regulations have promoted the application of EEC competition law to the air transport industry, and have contributed recently to the emergence of a common policy in this field. The Aerospatiale/de Havilland decision constitutes the first dismissal of a concentration notification, since the entry into force of the new provisions. It confirms the wide scope of the Commission's powers in the control of competition.

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16

Ball, Sally. "European Community vocational training law and policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365605.

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Al-hedny, Suhad. "European Community Measures to Reduce Nitrate Pollution." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1106.

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Water protection proves to be a difficult task, whether it is dealt with through legislation or the implementation of a process to reduce further pollution. This study considers how the issue of water pollution from nitrates in agricultural practices has become better understood through the reforms of the common agriculture policy (CAP) and the enactment of various regulations and directives by EU. The implementation of the EC Nitrate Directive is a main focus of this study because it was a major movement towards protecting water against pollution from agriculture, and an important step in implementing the Water Framework Directive. The implementation process is analyzed from both a formal and practical perspective, along with a discussion of the difficulties that arose in the implementation phase. There is a focus on the implementation of the Nitrate Directive in UK, with an emphasis on England as a case study. The study finds that if the distribution of responsibilities (planning, regulating, implementing, and reporting) is shared between national, regional and local bodies, the compliance with political regulations becomes easier. It is also concluded that rearrangements of the existing institutions are necessary to reduce costs, exchange new ideas that could translate to regulative ideas, and create an atmosphere of trust between regulators and implementers. It can be concluded from this study that, despite the traditional centralization of governments, England has taken several steps towards integrating institutions and has tried to be open and responsive to the local communities. Finally, there are several lessons that can be learned from the UK’s approach to control nitrate pollution, which are discussed and outlined in the conclusion of this study.
Water protection proves to be a difficult task, whether it is dealt with through legislation or the implementation of a process to reduce further pollution. This study considers how the issue of water pollution from nitrates in agricultural practices has become better understood through the reforms of the common agriculture policy (CAP) and the enactment of various regulations and directives by EU. The implementation of the EC Nitrate Directive is a main focus of this study because it was a major movement towards protecting water against pollution from agriculture, and an important step in implementing the Water Framework Directive. The implementation process is analyzed from both a formal and practical perspective, along with a discussion of the difficulties that arose in the implementation phase. There is a focus on the implementation of the Nitrate Directive in UK, with an emphasis on England as a case study. The study finds that if the distribution of responsibilities (planning, regulating, implementing, and reporting) is shared between national, regional and local bodies, the compliance with political regulations becomes easier. It is also concluded that rearrangements of the existing institutions are necessary to reduce costs, exchange new ideas that could translate to regulative ideas, and create an atmosphere of trust between regulators and implementers. It can be concluded from this study that, despite the traditional centralization of governments, England has taken several steps towards integrating institutions and has tried to be open and responsive to the local communities. Finally, there are several lessons that can be learned from the UK’s approach to control nitrate pollution, which are discussed and outlined in the conclusion of this study.
kungsmarksv'gen 105 371 44 karlskrona sweden

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18

Temple, Michael Glenn. "Parallel Processes: Embassy for the European Community." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10092002-165729.

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19

Niblett, Robin. "The European Community and the Central European three 1989-92 : a study of the Community as an international actor." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284283.

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Korres, George M. "Technological performance in Greece within the European community." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281667.

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Marinova, Yona Georgieva. "Bifurcation of parallel trade in the European Community." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25821.

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This thesis examines the regulation of parallel imports of trade marked goods in the European Community (EC), demonstrates its deficiencies and advocates its amendment by the Community legislator. The thesis identifies as a primary characteristic of the regulation the bifurcation of intra-EC and extra-EC parallel importation, that is to say, the fundamental divergence of the regimes of parallel imports coming from another EC Member State and imports coming from third countries. The split as to the rationale, justification and outcome of the two regimes is so substantial that it is viewed as the existence of ‘parallel regulations on parallel trade’ in the Community. The study establishes four different manifestations of this bifurcation, the most evident one concerning the fact that while internal imports are lawful under EC law, external ones could be repelled by the mark owner as trade mark infringement. It is submitted that this variable legal tolerance to parallel trade has been legitimised through the Community rule of limited, regional exhaustion of trade mark rights and the manner in which the European Court of Justice has interpreted its application. Against this background, the thesis raises three groups of legal arguments for reviewing the current Community exhaustion policy and implementing a rule of international trade mark exhaustion. They relate to trade mark law, competition law and certain proclamations of the importance of free unrestricted global trade, made by the Community on international level and in the EC context as well. Finally, the study complements the above legal arguments with socio-economic justifications in support of international exhaustion. The research suggests that the Community should consider the implementation of international trade mark exhaustion and carry out the necessary preparatory steps outlined by the study in this regard.

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Fearne, A. P. "Forecasting agricultural policy decisions in the European Community." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374128.

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Tuerk, Alexander Heinrich. "The concept of legislation in European Community law." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415269.

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Escudero, Julio (Julio Juan) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "The integration of Spain in the European community." Ottawa, 1990.

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Abū, Khalaf Nāyif. "The European community and the Arab-Israeli conflict." Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.373214.

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26

Overton, Derek. "Decolonisation and the Kenya Highlands European settler community." Online version, 2005. http://dds.crl.edu/CRLdelivery.asp?tid=12450.

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Haidar, Abdulhassan Hassan. "The legal framework of the external relations of the European Economic Community and the European coal and steel community with Lebanon." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402691.

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Benyamini, Amiram. "Infringement of the rights conferred by a European Community patent : substantive community law." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393960.

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The thesis deals with the effects of European patents for the Common harket, i. e. the rights conferred by the Community patent, and the acts constituting an infringement of these rights. This subject is governed, as a rule, by the provisions set out in Chapter II of Part II of the Community Patent Convention 1975 (CPC). This excludes procedural aspects of infringement, and other related matters not covered by the CPC, which are to be determined by national law. The thesis examines in the introduction what are the issues covered solely by Community law, and what are the issues, concerning substantive law of infringement, to which national law will be applicable. The thesis is concerned with the scope of infringing activity under the CPC, and examines the effectiveness and justification of the exclusive rights which it confers upon the patentee. This covers, on the one hand, the acts constituting an infringement, i. e. direct infringement relating to patented products, patented processes and products obtained by such processes, as well as indirect infringement. On the other hand, it concerns the acts excepted by the CPC from the scope of infringing activity, the territorial limitation of the Community patent, the exhaustion of rights doctrine and temporal scope of infringement. For the purpose of analyzing the relevant CPC provisions, and proposing policies and solutions for its interpretation, the thesis examines the CPC's objectives, its relationship with EEC law and its legal history. This is in addition to a comparative study which includes references to the former and present law of EEC countries (to the extent of the availability of materials published in English), British Commonwealth countries and the U. S.. A special emphasis is put on U. K. law,

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SARAIVA, ALLAN STANLEY. "THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE, THE NATIONAL COURTS AND LEGAL INTEGRATION WITH THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2678@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O Tribunal Europeu de Justiça começou sua trajetória como um tribunal internacional bastante fraco que sofria dos mesmos problemas enfrentados por outras instituições da mesma natureza. Assim, a questão crucial a ser respondida é como o Tribunal foi capaz de alterar os fundamentos do sistema jurídico comunitário, fortalecendo as bases de seu próprio prestígio político. O procedimento de reenvio prejudicial, criado pelo artigo 177 do Tratado de Roma, estabelece um vínculo direto entre os tribunais nacionais e o Tribunal Europeu, atruindo aos primeiros a responsabilidade pela aplicação das decisões do último. Isso siguifica que todas as sanções previstas pelo direito nacional podem ser aplicadas aos julgamentos do Tribunal Comunitário. Devido ao apoio dos tribunais nacionais, a maior ameaça política ao Tribunal Europeu - a ameaça da desobediência - foi em grande medida superada.
The European Court of Justice began as a fairly weak international tribunal, suffering from many of the problems faced by institutions of the same nature. So the crucial question to be answered is how the Court was able to change the foundations of theCommunity legal system, thus strengthening the bases of its own political prestige. The preliminary ruling procedure created by the Article 177 of the Treaty of Rome establishes a direct link between the national courts and the European Court, ascribing to the former the responsibility for the application of the decisions of the latter. lt means that all sanetions available under national law can be applied to the European court judgements.

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Tzanidaki, Johanna-Despoina. "The European cultural heritage : community and national legislation for heritage management in the European Union." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/43790/.

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The aim of this research is the consideration of the cultural heritage policies of European institutions (the European Union and the Council of Europe) and the impact of such policies on the national heritage policy of two member States (Greece and Italy). The analysis focuses mainly on the national and supra-national heritage legislation. The EU by means of policies and laws has gradually emerged as an important factor in the field of national heritage management. The impact of the EU in the fields of heritage terminology and legislation is a fact. New concepts concerning things 'national' are being directly 'imported' from the EU to its member States. The use of heritage in the political arena has a long history in nation States, with regard to issues of identity. By taking this one step further, the EU aims to construct a 'European' identity which will eventually replace the different 'national' ones. A historical narrative proves the logic behind EU action. The cultural heritage has been used by the EU throughout the years for a variety of political and economic purposes. The amendment of national laws and the introduction of EU concepts into national heritage law are results of an imposed change, not of legal evolution. The comparison of the two EU member States emphasises the complexity of issues involved in both the national and supra¬ national level. The conclusions aspire to arouse awareness of the powers that EU enjoys over national heritage legislation. The thesis also endeavours to highlight the power of law to create and construct public attitude towards the heritage, enhancing or denying claims for identity. It assesses the political will behind legal acts and policies with regard to the heritage. It addresses the attempt made by European institutions to create 'uniformity' in both laws and concepts related to heritage in a Europe of diverse heritages.

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Marinova, Yona Georgieva. "Bufurcation [sic] of parallel trade in the European Community /." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted access until May 22, 2014, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25821.

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Sandberg, Roger, and John Abramsson. "Is a Delaware effect developing within the European Community?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1071.

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The inner market of the European Community is developing and as a part of this company law and the freedom of establishment are doing the same. Some of this development is carried out through case law from the European Court of Justice as well as through Community harmonisations. As this has happened some worried voices has been raised arguing that a development similar to that in the USA, known as the Delaware effect, might occur. There has been some development indicating such development; companies have made use of the freedom of establishment to seek a more favorable legislation and Member States have changed and adapted their legislations. An example is the lowering of the minimum paid-up capital for limited liability companies that has oc-curred.

In this paper the Delaware effect is investigated in order to clarify what it is and how it has developed. This knowledge is vital to be able to se if a Delaware effect might be developing within the European Community. There has been a large discussion on the Delaware effect in the USA and it is evident from that discussion that there are scholars arguing in several directions and that it is in-conclusive whether or not the Delaware effect is detrimental to shareholders, companies and others.

In this paper it is argued that, as it is questionable what the Delaware effect en-tails in the USA it is even more questionable to talk about a Delaware effect within the European Community. The Member States are to some extent re-stricted, due to Community harmonisations, as to what they can do in order to compete for incorporations. Companies are also hampered in their attempts to make use of the freedom of establishment, especially companies already incor-porated in a MS. It is also argued that there is a lack of incentives and possibili-ties for both Member States and companies to facilitate a competition for company law.

Adding these components together, the preconditions within the European Community are not suitable for a Delaware effect or a European Community Delaware to emerge. The continued development of the freedom of establish-ment along with the companies increased understanding of its benefits might create incentives to seek more favorable legislations, but it is highly unlikely that a Member State will emerge to be as successful as Delaware.

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Konstadinides, T. "Towards a clearer delimitation of internal European Community competences." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444901/.

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This thesis is a study of the distribution of competences between the main actors in European integration: namely the European Community and the Member States. It aims to evaluate the place of the competence provisions in the current Treaty structure as well as within the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. This task first involves a legal-technical exercise based on a textual interpretation of different categories of competences within the above-mentioned sources. Second, it involves a review of the relevant Court of Justice case law with regard to those competences. The study of both has led the author to consider how the evolution of Community competence has given rise to the phenomenon of 'competence' creep'. It is argued that Member States contend that the Community assumes more powers than those it possesses. Thus, the thesis provides an insight into concerns about 'creeping competence'. Certain types of situations are identified under the title of 'creeping competence'. These include, the adoption of unjustified or undesired EC legislation under qualified majority voting the expansion of the Community's competence under Article 308 EC and finally the adoption of EC legislation that goes beyond the scope of Article 5 EC (principle of attribution of powers). The thesis will provide certain examples to underline the problem. It will take account of the use of the flexibility provisions of Article 95 EC and 308 EC with regard to the regulation of health and the Community's accession to the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), which are treated as case studies in the thesis. In the context of a problematic system of competences, the author will consider the assumptions made in the Nice and Laeken IGCs as well as the European Convention for a clearer distribution of competence and assess the role of the principle of subsidiarity as a tool against the expansion of Community competence into new policy areas. It is argued that the reform of subsidiarity will enhance EU legitimacy and enlarge the role of national legislatures in the Union. The reconstruction of subsidiarity procedures may remedy the tensions in the current system of competence and provide limits to the degree of EU intervention. Besides tidying up competences between the EU and Member States, European Constitutionalisation hides a question of political finality and further integration. How can the EU establish an effective and democratically legitimate governance beyond the Nation State Via a European Constitution or through alternative methods This question is particularly important in the current context following the French and Dutch rejection of the EU Constitutional Treaty. The chances of the EU Constitution being revived in the near future are slim, since it is unlikely that either France or Holland will soon hold another referendum. Thus, either a period of reflection shall be allowed to Member States or alternative routes to integration shall be considered. The thesis concludes with the hypothesis that as the EU Constitutional Treaty does not provide the answers to most of the questions posed by the Nice and the Laeken European Councils, enhanced cooperation may be utilised as a future method of governance and Fischer's 'Core Europe' as a tool capable of a redistribution of competences inside the Union. But then again the European Union needs to avoid a new iron curtain descending between those Member States that represent the 'core' and those that constitute the 'periphery'.

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Wyatt-Walter, Holly. "The European Community and the security dilemma, 1979-1992." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240312.

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Creally, E. P. "Judicial review of safeguard measures in the European Community." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.645128.

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This thesis is an attempt to analyse the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice in the review of safeguard measures in the European Community. The safeguard measures considered are the Community's anti-dumping and anti-subsidy rules under Regulation 2423/88, safeguard measures under Regulation 288/82 and rules to combat illicit commercial practices under Regulation 2641/84. These instruments are part of the European Community's arsenal designed to counteract unfair trade practices of Third Countries. Emphasis is placed on the anti-dumping rules given that the measures imposing anti-dumping duties are most frequently challenged before the Court. The thesis begins with a synopsis of the Community's competence to deal exclusively with these matters. The respective roles of the Community authorities and the Member States in the adoption of protective measures is also considered. In order to understand the rationale of the Court's rulings in cases involving safeguard measures each of the instruments are viewed from an international and European perspective. The latter involves an analysis of the Community's legislation with respect to the substantive and procedural rules governing the imposition of protective measures to combat unfair trade practices of Third Countries. Having placed the safeguard measures in their proper perspective, judicical review by the Court is viewed first from the standpoint of an applicant's locus standi or standing to challenge a Community act imposing protective measures. If an applicant has locus standi he may apply to the court for an award of interim measures pending the outcome of the main application. The rules relating to such awards are considered and the Court's rulings in cases involving safeguard measures are analysed. Judicial review 'proper' in the sense of the Court's review of the merits of the cases that have come before it to date are considered in the light of the grounds of review in Article 173 of the EEC Treaty. This final chapter attempts to determine the extent to which the Court is prepared to review the findings of the authorities upon which the measures were adopted.

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Smith, Hazel Anne. "European Community policy towards Central America in the 1980s." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1317/.

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Friend, Alan. "The merger law and policy of the European Community." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242975.

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Shakona, Yousif Maloud Mohammed. "The Arab regional organizations' relations with the European Community." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318111.

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Wilkes, George Richardson. "British attitudes to the European Economic Community, 1956-63." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619704.

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Boekholt, P. E. B. "The European Community and innovation policy : reorienting towards diffusion." Thesis, Aston University, 1994. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10801/.

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This study aims to explore the position of diffusion oriented support mechanisms in European Community (EC) innovation policy. With the shift from the traditional linear model towards an integrative approach to innovation, the role of diffusion of technologies and knowledge, achieved greater weight. This shift in both the thinking of academic experts, and of national policy makers, induced EC policy makers to appeal for similar changes in Community innovation policy. From the mid-1980s, the Commission of the European Communities, the key actor in EC policy making, thought to move its innovation policy away from the traditional science push approach. This study shows that in the implementation of programmes for research, technology and innovation, the traditional linear model is still dominant. The core research and technological development programmes still operate from a science push concept of innovation, mainly due to their pre-competitive nature. The case of SPRINT illustrates that policy programmes with an integrated innovation perspective can be successful at Community level. However the programme operates in a relatively isolated position from overall research and technological development policy. The case of BRITE-EURAM illustrates the difficulties of collaborative research programmes, the bulk of EC support mechanisms, to move away from the traditional model. The study shows how conflicting policy objectives arising from the different policy networks that shape EC policy making, in combination with a lack of co-ordination in those policy domains, hinder the emergence of the integrated approach. Consequently EC diffusion policy, implemented from the perspective of the linear model, will have a sub-optimal impact on the competitiveness of European industries.

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Wesemann, Anne. "Constitutional rights norms in the European Union legal framework : an analysis of European Union citizenship as a constitutional right." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/80444/.

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42

Davies, Billy. "The Constitutionalisation of the European Community, West Germany between Legal Sovereignty and European Intergration 1949-1974." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498463.

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Budden, Philip Marcus. "The making of the Single European Act : the United Kingdom and the European Community, 1979-1986." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b17cf1e2-9cb6-49d2-9b5d-795811eee8a1.

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This thesis is a contemporary history of one episode in the United Kingdom's experience of the European Community (EC). It charts the making of the Single European Act (SEA) from its early 1980s' origins, through the bargaining process of the Dooge Committee and 1985 intergovernmental conference (IGC), to the SEA itself. By studying the origins of a specific treaty, the thesis analyses the impact of EC membership on one west European nation state and places the historical episode in its wider context. The historical method is appropriate for studying these events despite the contemporary nature of the period. Detailed, empirical analysis of the episode reveals most fully the complexities of the process of European integration as this member state experienced it. But the thesis also draws on academic disciplines beyond the faculty of history: these include comparative politics, economics, international relations, European law and international political economy. The study of the SEA enters their various internal debates, especially over the nature of the state and international system (chapter one), but keeps its historical approach. The thesis addresses the making of the Single European Act by asking two questions. First (chapters two, three and four), why did the United Kingdom agree to formal reform of the EC and ultimately the 1985 intergovernmental conference? Second, once the conference had opened (chapters five and six), why did the Single European Act take the specific form that it did, despite the United Kingdom's efforts? Answers to these two questions confirm elements of the two competing theories on integration; neo functionalism and neo-Realism. The answers also demonstrate that neither theory can fully explain all that happened, when it happened or why. One reason is that two distinct processes were at work: theory to date had not distinguished them, but close empirical analysis revealed their important differences. The first proces was informal, economic integration which usually took place among societal actors. This underpinned and informed the British Government's policy preferences. The second was formal integration, state-led codification through bargaining which (surprisingly) did not follow the premises of the latest theoretical endeavour, 'intergovernmental institutionalism'. The distinction between the two processes and the actors they involved, and also their interrelationship are among the thesis's contributions to the theoretical debate.

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Papadoulis, Constantinos J. "National skies in European disguise : air-transport politics and policy in the European Community, 1987-1993." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1421/.

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This thesis is an examination of the failure of the European Community and subsequently of the European Union to develop a full common air-transport policy. The main issues on which the present study focuses are the reciprocal influences, interactions and confrontations of national and EC air-transport policy interests. It is demonstrated that they obstructed the process of the air-transport market liberalization and inhibited the development of an integrated EC air-transport policy. The years covered by the doctorate are 1987 to 1993. The thesis explains how the interests of member-states and major corporations in a period of major structural adjustment blocked the creation of a common air-transport policy; instead EC institutions were subordinated to the powerful national air-transport interests of the member-states and of their champion carriers. The thesis is based on an extensive examination of primary sources and interview materials. This not only comprises new empirical information about the specific characteristics and nature of EC air-transport politics and policy, but also takes into account the broader politico-economic characteristics of the member-states air-transport policies and systems.

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ANDERSEN, Stine. "The Commission's role in ensuring Member State compliance with community law." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7017.

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Defence date: 6 July 2007
Examination Board: Prof. Grainne de Burca, (Fordham Law School); Prof. Christian Joerges, (European University Institute); Prof. Deirdre Curtin (Utrecht University); Prof. Joanne Scott (University College London)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available

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MacInnis, Donald J. "The meaning of operationalised subsidiarity in the European Union." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319126.

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Green, Daniel Nicholas. "The environmental dimension of the European Union LEADER1 programme." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299607.

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Busby, Amy. "The everyday practice and performance of European politics : an ethnography of the European Parliament." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48830/.

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This inter-disciplinary thesis takes an ethnographic approach to the European Parliament (EP) in order to bring actors, agency, and social context into the study of MEP behaviour. It explores how MEPs practice politics at the everyday level inside the EP. The study approaches politics as an activity performed on a daily basis by individuals within particular social spaces. It takes an individual level and holistic approach to MEP behaviour by exploring their everyday practice of politics inside this institution. The thesis attempts to provide a deeper and more nuanced understanding of MEP behaviour than is currently available in the literature. The thesis primarily responds to gaps in the European Studies literature which mean we lack understanding of how MEPs practice politics within European structures as active, dynamic agents. The research design includes participant observation, elite interviews, and a survey. An inter-disciplinary theoretical framework is applied which combines tools from Goffman (1959), Wenger et al (2002), and Bourdieu (1990, 1977). It sees MEPs as actors accumulating capital and preparing backstage to give credible and thus persuasive performances to different audiences in this transnational political field and its habitus. This research particularly explores the role of the national party delegations and EP groups in MEPs' everyday practice of politics and the local meanings generated around these structures. The key narrative woven throughout this thesis concerns their role from participants' perspective. This thesis finds that these structures play a vital support role and that they can be conceptualised as collegial communities of practice in which members routinely exchange knowledge with trusted colleagues to enable them to cope with the work environment they face and to pursue their chosen interests more successfully.

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Visser, Cornelis Ane de. "The European Community conflict of laws rules on voluntary assignments /." [S.l.] : Groningen : Hephaestus ; Ulrik Huber Institute for Private International Law [distr.], 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016727383&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Tsingos, Basilios Evangelos. "Underwriting democracy, not exporting it : the European Community and Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307426.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'European Community'

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