Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Europe'
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Vreese, Claes Holger de. "Framing Europe television news and European integration /." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Aksant] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/68700.
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Almeida, Andreia Albertina da Silva. "Being European in a Europe in crisis." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9144.
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Mestrado em Línguas, Literaturas e CulturasA Europa encontra-se a atravessar um período marcado por uma crise política, económica e social. Esta crise tem repercussões a vários níveis, mas este trabalho analisará, essencialmente, o impacto da crise sobre a questão da identidade europeia. De facto, desde há bastante tempo se discute a problemática da identidade ou identidades da União Europeia e há diferentes perspetivas sobre esta temática. Ao longo desta dissertação abordam-se diferentes pontos de vista de vários teóricos da Europa sobre a questão da identidade. Para além disso, na parte prática desta dissertação analisam-se as representações que cidadãos de diferentes países europeus têm em relação à Europa e em relação a si próprios. Por último, é objetivo desta dissertação avaliar o impacto da crise sobre a perceção dos europeus em relação à Europa e à identidade Europeia.
Europe is currently facing a period deeply marked by a political, economic and social crisis. This crisis has repercussions at different levels, but this study will essentially address the impact of the crisis upon the question of European identity. In fact, the problematic of identity or identities in the European Union has been an issue for a while now and there are different perspectives on the matter. In this dissertation we will look at different views of several authors about the issue of identity. Moreover, following the field research carried out in the course of the study, we will analyze the representations that citizens from different European countries have regarding Europe and regarding themselves. Lastly, we will assess the impact of the current crisis upon the perception of Europeans about Europe and European identity.
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Duarte, Pedro Miguel de Azeredo. "A crise do Euro e potenciais respostas económicas e institucionais." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7726.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusA moeda única, à semelhança do próprio projeto europeu, nasceu de um impulso político associado à necessidade de enquadrar a Alemanha num espaço de paz e prosperidade. A atual crise do Euro reavivou divisões e temores associados à notória influência germânica. Surgem, assim, crescentes incógnitas sobre o futuro do Euro, debatendo-se cenários que vão desde a sua dissolução até ao reforço da integração política e orçamental. Mas há um ponto pouco contestado: a Alemanha desempenhará um papel decisivo na resolução do presente impasse, quando definir se a sua liderança decorre de uma «Alemanha europeísta» ou visa uma «Europa germânica».
Very much like the European project, the single currency was born from a political impulse related to the need of framing Germany in a region of peace and prosperity. The current Euro crisis aroused scissions and fears as a consequence of the clear Germanic influence. Therefore, increasing uncertainty about the future of the Euro arises, creating scenarios that range from its dissolution to the reinforcement of the political and fiscal integration. However there is a not much disputed matter: Germany will play a decisive role on the resolution of the current deadlock when it decides if its leadership stems from a «European Germany» or a «Germanic Europe».
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Hilborn, Ryan. "The forgotten Europe: Eastern Europe and postcolonialism." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104858.
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This study examines three novels, Bram Stoker's Dracula, Ivan Klima's Love and Garbage, and Nina FitzPatrick's The Loves of Faustyna, and their relation to the creation, and the propagation, of the discourse which surrounds Eastern Europe throughout the Cold War. In studying these texts I address the relation between postcommunist studies of Eastern Europe and the field of postcolonialism, which have traditionally overlooked one another. In doing so, I argue that the application of postcolonialism to postcommunist studies allows for a deeper understanding as to Eastern Europe's position throughout the twentieth century. The three writers I have chosen share similar themes with the postcolonial discourse and as such I have chosen to highlight these similarities in order to point to a new manner in which Eastern Europe's literary contribution to the twentieth century can be understood.Cette étude examine trois romans, Dracula par Bram Stoker, Love and Garbage par Ivan Klima, et The Loves of Faustyna par Nina Fitzpatrick, et leurrelation à la création et la propagation du discours qui entoure Europe de l'Est pendant 'la guerre froide'. Dans l'étude de ces textes j'ai adressé la relation entre les études post-communiste de l'Europe de l'Est et le champ du post-colonialisme, qui ont traditionnellement négligé un l'autre. Ce faisant, je soutiens que l'application du postcolonialisme aux études post-communistepermet une meilleure compréhension de la position de l'Europe orientale tout au long du XXe siècle. Les trois auteurs que j'ai choisi soulève des thèmes similaires avec le discours postcolonial et à ce titre que j'ai choisi de mettre en preuve ces similitudes, afin de pointer vers une nouvelle façon dans laquelle la contribution littéraire de l'Europe orientale au XXe siècle peut être comprise.
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Badinger, Harald. "European Integration and the Future Institutions of Europe." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6249/1/wp264.pdf.
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This article summarizes a talk, given at the conference From Bretton Woods to Berlaymont: Globalisation, Integration and the Future of Europe, organized by KOF Swiss Economic Institute and ETH Zurich from 22-23 March 2018. It highlights the complexity and multidimensional nature of the question about the future development of the European Union. It argues that there is a need for rebalancing subsidiarity and supranationality, but that the assignment of tasks and the "optimal" degree of centralization has to be judged on a case-by-case basis, differentiated by policy area. Moreover, it emphasizes the need to draw a line between what is desirable from a scientific perspective and can be judged by objective standards and what is desirable from a political perspective, which will vary a lot with political preferences. Finally, it argues that, at least in the short-to medium-run, economic integration should be given priority over political Integration.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Razumnova, Alexandra. "European imbalances and the debt crisis in Europe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197811.
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The imbalances within the Euro-zone were the main reasons of the crisis that had led to the growing budget deficits in the Southern Europe resulting in the accumulation of unsustainable debt. The imbalances were caused by the declining competitiveness of the South vis-s-vis the North. The main causes of the declining competitiveness are the differences in unit labor costs invoked by different regulations concerning the labor markets in the Euro-zone countries and the diverging levels of productivity, which is liked with the different levels of technological advancement. The contributing factor is the institutional imperfections of the EMU, that did not allow the countries in Southern Europe to restore their competitiveness by traditional means without providing them with alternatives.
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Terek, Kalman. "Sub-regional cooperation in East Central Europe." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA404647.
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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Steve Garrett, Tjarck Roessler. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70). Also available online.
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Rohde-Liebenau, Judith. "Raising European citizens? : European narratives, European schools and students' identification with Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:24615518-fef0-44e0-be23-0ec24ca301eb.
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Fostering identification with Europe among citizens could legitimise European integration. Whether such an identity exists, however, remains an on-going debate among scholars. This research returns to the foundations of how a European identity is constructed, transmitted and transformed. It explores narratives of European identity in a carefully chosen context - European Schools for children of EU officials - where identification with Europe should mirror official EU visions. A qualitative content analysis explores narrations of 101 students collected during interviews and focus groups across three schools, and analyses documents and interviews with EU officials, school directors and teachers. This analysis reveals a descriptive puzzle: official EU and European School propositions of (multi-) national narratives differ markedly from teachers' and students' conceptions of cosmopolitan and transnational identities. The EU constructs an out-group of its own nationalist past and non-EU citizens. On the other hand, students construct an explicitly European in-group, but differentiate themselves from more national and less mobile lifestyles. This disparity, in turn, reveals a causal puzzle about how differences in narratives emerge. I use process tracing to elucidate the relationship between European schooling and students' identification with Europe. The results show a distorted transmission where broader EU goals are elaborated and transformed by teachers and further fuelled by interactions amongst students with similarly mobile and multilingual backgrounds. I develop a dual mechanism to understand how the varieties of identification with Europe develop: the concept of "doing Europe" explains how students nourish a transnational social network; "telling Europe", on the other hand, considers students' exposure to European symbols and stories in school and both national and anti-nationalist narratives provided by teachers and peers. Together, this leads to a transformed but ultimately European in-group understanding. Overall, this project underlines the complexity of identity construction, given that top-down transmission gets altered even in this favourable case. Specifically, it informs future research on European identity by detailing peculiar narratives and offering a causal approach to how these narratives emerge.
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Jakobsson, Malin. "Welcome Europe." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Bildproduktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27096.
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Denna uppsats har som syfte att undersöka samt analysera klipptekniker och kameraarbete genom en jämförelse mellan Eurovision Song Contest år 2000 respektive år 2016. Detta för att visa på hur kamera och klippning påverkar bidrags konstnärliga uttryck samt diskutera en eventuell utveckling. Barry Salts arbete angående kopplingen mellan datainsamling och filmstil appliceras på denna uppsats och ger den dess metodologi. En djupgående analys på utvalda bidrag genomförs utifrån en multimodal infallsvinkel. Detta för att förtydliga förhållandet mellan diskurs och produktion och därigenom ge uppsatsen en beskrivning av klipptekniker och kameraarbetes vikt i bidragens individualitet. Uppsatsens undersökning samt analys visar på en förändring under åren. Speciellt i vilka tekniker som används för att uttrycka bidragens konstnärliga faktorer men det som kvarstår är viljan att anpassa det visuella arbetet efter varje bidrags specifika egenskaper.
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Edwards, Sobrina. "EUrope and the EUropean : definition, redefinition, identity and belonging." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506948.
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Altmann, Franz-Lothar, Wladimir Andreff, and Gerhard Fink. "Future Expansion of the European Union in Central Europe." Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1995. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3586/1/IEF_WP_8.pdf.
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Schlembach, Raphael. "Against old Europe : social movement constructions of European nationalism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520709.
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Lönegren, Lovisa. "The European Green Capital Award - Towards a sustainable Europe?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23912.
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Today a grand majority (around 80%) of the European citizens live in cities or towns. Europe is more urbanised than ever. Contemporaneously, climate change and global warming is an increasing threat worldwide. In 2006, the European Commission of the European Union (EU) therefore launched the idea of implementing the yearly European Green Capital (EGC) award. The aim was (and still is) to create role models by promoting cities that constantly take strong actions for the environment and thereby inspire other cities to make green choices too. In February 2009 the first two EGC winners were announced: Stockholm (Sweden) 2010 and Hamburg (Germany) 2011. The question is whether an award of this kind is the right method for the EU to deal with environment issues. If not, the EU should invest its resources elsewhere. This thesis aims at evaluating the EGC by looking closer at Stockholm as the EGC winner of 2010 and by analysing the impacts the EGC title has on Sweden’s EU Presidency the second half of 2009. The ecological modernisation theory reconciles economic growth and environmental protection, and provides several relevant features and aspects to this thesis regarding sustainable development, voluntary approaches and environmental policy-making. By applying the theory on the EGC many things such as the underlying visions and methods of the award can be explained and analysed. The conclusion of the thesis is that the EGC in some respects is leading to a greener and more sustainable Europe or at least has the potential to do so.
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Davidge, Tobi C. (Tobi Colleen) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Citizens of Europe: democracy, gender and the European union." Ottawa, 1995.
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Friis, Lykke. "When Europe negotiates : from Europe agreements to eastern enlargement? /." København : Institute of Political Science, Univ. of Copenhagen, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/239140877.pdf.
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Helmchen, Annette. "Die Entstehung der Nationen im Europa der Frühen Neuzeit : ein integraler Ansatz aus humanistische Sicht /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400909286.
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Pelkola, Ryan James. "The European Union's headline goal : an operational assessment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FPelkola.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost, Tjarek Roessler. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Batagelj, Leon. "Competition policy in countries of Central and Eastern Europe : competition in Europe or competition for Europe." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81242.
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Competition policy is an important tool for assurance of the efficient allocation of resources in functioning market economies. Applicability of modern competition policy to situations in former planned economies, however, raises doubts because of fundamentally different states of competition in such markets. This study analyses development of competition policy in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Particular attention is given to the influence of the EU competition policy in the framework of negotiations for final membership in the EU.This study proposes reassessment of the competition policy of the three countries in order to better tackle the economic complexities of transition to fully functioning market economies. Harmonization of competition policy of the three candidate countries for EU membership with competition policy of the EU assumes appropriateness of EU competition policy for transition situations. Contrary to this assumption, the thesis argues that competition policy in transition should be tailored closely to the needs of transition. Since harmonization of competition law is only an instrument to evaluate whether a candidate country has a functioning market economy that can be integrated in the EU Internal Market, competition policy aimed at better promoting competition should be welcomed.
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Hernández, i. Sagrera Raül. "The European Union and Eastern Europe migration policy convergence beyond Europeanisation: the cases of Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334385.
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La Unió Europea (UE) va presentar la Política Europea de Veïnatge (PEV) el 2004 per tal d'enfortir la cooperació en àrees como ara la immigració. La dimensió exterior de la política d'immigració de la UE a Europa Oriental (Associació Oriental i Rússia) ha estat molt activa i objecte de nombrosos treballs acadèmics, en gran part centrats en afirmar que la UE exporta les seves pròpies normes. Tanmateix, la teoria d'europeïtzació no té en compte els interessos i capacitats dels països d'Europa Oriental, així com les seves percepcions de legitimitat. Una dècada després de la posada en marxa de la PEV, la tesi respon a la qüestió sobre quines normes la UE i Europa Oriental adopten en la convergència normativa en matèria d'immigració. S'identifiquen tres models de convergència (envers normes de la UE, normes internacionals i normes acordades bilateralment), en funció fonamentalment de l'estructura de poder i de les percepcions de legitimitat a Europa Oriental. La convergència normativa en política d'immigració s'aplica als casos de (I) readmissió, (II) visats, (III) gestió de fronteres i (IV) immigració laboral.
La tesi doctoral conclou que la cooperació en política d'immigració entre la UE i Europa Oriental no consisteix en l'adopció sistemàtica de normes de la UE. Argumenta que la UE ha promogut fonamentalment normes de la UE en l'àmbit de seguritat (acords de readmissió i Gestió Integrada de Fronteres). Malgrat tot, a causa de la manca de poder suficient de la UE i a baixes percepcions de legitimitat de la UE entre els veïns d’Europa Oriental, la UE ha ofert incentius en l'àmbit de la mobilitat (política de visats i associacions per a la mobilitat). L'evidència empírica mostra debilitats en la convergència normativa envers normes de la UE, que consisteixen en gran part en mesures de socialització (intercanvi d'informació i formació). Uns dels resultats més significatius de la tesi és que la UE promou activament, en el marc de la liberalizació de visats, la convergència normativa cap a normes internacionals en matèria d'estat de dret. Les normes que emanen del Consell d'Europa i de Nacions Unides són de fet percebudes com a més legítimes que les normes de la UE. No obstant, aquest rol de la UE como a transmissora de normes cal matitzar-lo pel fet que la UE ha jugat ara com ara un rol limitat en promoure normes internacionals de drets dels immigrants. Finalment, la convergència envers normes acordades bilateralment ha estat el model menys predominant. La comparativa entre els països d'Europa Oriental mostra que els instruments adoptats són similars per l'objectiu de la UE de ser coherent. Tanmateix, el poder de negociació de cada país amb la UE ha donat peu a condicions més o menys favorables pel país. A més a més, les percepcions de legitimitat i la voluntat de cada país d'apropament a la UE són elements clau. En conjunt, Ucraïna, Moldàvia i Geòrgia són països favorables a l'apropament a la UE mentre que Rússia ha construït una cooperació pragmàtica en matèria d'immigració amb la UE, influint en la institucionalització de l'agenda d'immigració amb Europa Oriental. Finalment, la tesi contribueix globalment al debat sobre el soft power de la UE al veïnatge, concluent que els instruments d'immigració adoptats estan molt més orientats a promoure la seguretat que la mobilitat.La Unión Europea (UE) presentó la Política Europea de Vecindad (PEV) en 2004 para fortalecer la cooperación en áreas como la inmigración. La dimensión exterior de la política de inmigración de la UE hacia Europa Oriental (Asociación Oriental y Rusia) ha sido muy activa y objeto de numerosos trabajos académicos, en gran parte centrados en afirmar que la UE exporta sus propias normas. Sin embargo, la teoría de europeización no tiene en cuenta los intereses y capacidades de los países de Europa Oriental, así como sus percepciones de legitimidad. Una década después de la puesta en marcha de la PEV, la tesis responde a la cuestión sobre qué normas la UE y Europa Oriental adoptan en la convergencia normativa en materia de inmigración. Se identifican tres modelos de convergencia (hacia normas de la UE, normas internacionales y normas acordadas bilateralmente), en función fundamentalmente de la estructura de poder y de las percepciones de legitimidad en Europa Oriental. La convergencia normativa en política de inmigración se aplica a los casos de (I) readmisión, (II) visados, (III) gestión de fronteras e (IV) inmigración laboral. La tesis doctoral concluye que la cooperación en política de inmigración entre la UE y Europa Oriental no consiste en la adopción sistemática de normas de la UE. Argumenta que la UE ha promovido fundamentalmente normas de la UE en el ámbito de seguridad (acuerdos de readmisión y Gestión Integrada de Fronteras). Aun así, debido a la falta de poder suficiente de la Unión y a bajas percepciones de legitimidad de la Unión entre los vecinos de Europa Oriental, la UE ha ofrecido incentivos en el ámbito de la movilidad (política de visados y asociaciones para la movilidad). La evidencia empírica muestra debilidades en la convergencia normativa hacia normas de la UE, que consisten en gran parte en medidas de socialización (intercambio de información y formación). Uno de los resultados más significativos de la tesis es que la UE promueve activamente, en el marco de la liberalización de visados, la convergencia normativa hacia normas internacionales en materia de estado de derecho. Las normas que emanan del Consejo de Europa y de Naciones Unidas son de hecho percibidas como más legítimas que las normas de la UE. No obstante, este rol de la UE como transmisora de normas hay que matizarlo por el hecho de que la UE ha jugado hasta la fecha un rol limitado en promover normas internacionales de derechos de los inmigrantes. Finalmente, la convergencia hacia normas acordadas bilateralmente ha sido el modelo menos predominante. La comparativa entre los países de Europa Oriental muestra que los instrumentos adoptados son similares por el objetivo de la UE de ser coherente. Sin embargo, el poder de negociación de cada país con la UE ha dado pie a condiciones más o menos favorables para el país. Además, las percepciones de legitimidad y la voluntad de cada país de acercamiento a la UE son elementos clave. En conjunto, Ucrania, Moldavia y Georgia son países favorables al acercamiento a la UE mientras que Rusia ha construido una cooperación pragmática en materia de inmigración con la UE, influyendo en la institucionalización de la agenda de inmigración con Europa Oriental. Finalmente, la tesis contribuye globalmente al debate sobre el soft power de la UE en la vecindad, concluyendo que los instrumentos de inmigración adoptados están mucho más orientados a promover la seguridad que la movilidad.
In 2004, the European Union (EU) launched the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) to strengthen cooperation in areas such as migration. In particular, the external dimension of the EU migration policy in Eastern Europe (the Eastern Partnership countries and Russia) has been very active and under huge academic scrutiny, mostly with studies claiming that the EU exports its own norms. Yet, this Europeanisation approach does not take into account the interests and capacities of Eastern European countries, as well as their perceptions of legitimacy. A decade after the launch of the ENP, this thesis addresses the question of what norms are actually adopted in the EU-Eastern Europe migration policy convergence. Three models of policy convergence (towards EU norms, towards international norms and towards bilaterally-agreed norms) are identified, depending mainly on the structure of power and perceptions of legitimacy in Eastern Europe. Migration policy convergence is applied to the cases of (I) readmission, (II) visa, (III) border management and (IV) labour migration. The doctoral dissertation concludes that the EU-Eastern Europe migration cooperation has not consisted in the systematic adoption of EU norms. It argues that the EU primarily has promoted security-related EU norms (readmission agreements and Integrated Border Management). However, due to lack of enough EU leverage and low perceptions of EU legitimacy among the Eastern neighbours, the EU has offered incentives in the field of mobility (visa policy and mobility partnerships). Empirical evidence shows weaknesses in policy convergence to EU norms, consisting mainly in socialisation measures (information exchange and capacity-building). One of the main findings of the thesis is that the EU is actively promoting, in the framework of visa liberalisation, policy convergence towards international norms in the area of rule of law. In fact, norms emanating from the Council of Europe and the United Nations are perceived as more legitimate than EU norms. However, this EU role as norm-transmitter has to be nuanced by the fact that to date the EU has played a relatively limited role in promoting international norms in the area of migrants' rights. Finally, convergence to bilaterally-agreed norms has been the least predominant. A comparison across Eastern European countries shows that the policy instruments adopted are by and large similar for the sake of consistency. Nonetheless, the leverage of each country vis-à-vis the EU has usually shaped more or less favourable conditions for the country. In addition, the perceptions of legitimacy and willingness of each country to come closer with the EU are essential. Overall, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia are willing countries whereas Russia has built a pragmatic cooperation on migration with the EU, playing a role in the institutionalisation of the migration agenda to Eastern Europe. Finally, the thesis contributes overall to debate on the EU soft power in the Neighbourhood, concluding that the adopted migration policy instruments are much more oriented at promoting security than mobility.
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Ozkan, Yagmur. "Europe And Its Others: Immigrants And New Racism In Europe." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608478/index.pdf.
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There is no doubt about the fact that Europe has become home for millions of ex-colonails, guest-workers, refugees, asylum-seekers. However, these new Europeans are not acknowledged to be Europeans but instead they are mostly perceived as not belonging. Being deprived of political and social rights and exposed to economic exploitation make them the European "apartheid"
. Within this present conjunture, this thesis aims at a modest discussion on ever-rising racism in Europe. It focuses on European racism and in particular the new racism in Europe which has been on the rise since the 1970s and 1980s. It examines European new racism via three exemplary cases (France, Britain and Germany). Out of different histories, economies and out of different racisms, this thesis searches for similarities. In fact, it claims that Europe has a traditional racism which is claimed to be one of the outcomes of the European self-construction process. Therefore, the other point of focus that this thesis engages in is the process through which Europe constructs its identity. It intends to discuss what Europe is and how Europe constructs itself via its Others. It claims that Europe identifies itself on the negation of its Others. Hence, this thesis attempts to discuss the connection between racism in Europe and European self-construction/self-identification process. In other words, this thesis intends to clarify that the self-construction/self-identification of Europe, which has depended mostly on the negation of its Others, has resulted in racist-thinking and racism which has always existent in Europe despite the changes in different peroids and different contexts forming a racist tradition in Europe.
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Wang, Fengyuan, and Rui Shi. "CO2 emission in China and Europe : compare China and Europe." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12101.
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Realize the situation about CO2 emission in Europe and China. Find out which reasons caused the CO2 emission will be changed. We did the data collection: CO2 emissions from China and EU. Energy consumption (include the total, electricity and transportation) and energy structure. Increased CO2 emission caused by Global warming. The CO2 emission increased with fossil-fuel use increased. China almost used of fossil energy, in 2004, domestic use for coal achieve to 67.7% of the total energy consumption. In 2010, the coal supply account for 48% of the world; the coal supply in 2000 to 2009 increased 85.5%. The CO2 emissions in 2009 is 6803.92 mil-tones, increased 13.32% than 2008, No. 1 of world. EU energy structure is keep changed, the rate of utilization for traditional fossil-fuel was gradually reduced. In 2010, the EU coal supply 8% of the world, 2000-2009 presents negative growth (3.8%). The CO2 emissions in 2009 were 4310.3 mil-tones, more than 2008 years to reduce 6.9%. CO2 emission based on energy consumption; Energy consumption is supply a variety of services to people. We must consider with population. China’s CO2/per capita less than average level in world, and lower than most EU countries. China and EU are planning for future energy structure (reduce the use of fossil-fuel and increase renewable energy construction), that means up to energy saving and emission reduction purpose. The emission reduction of focus is to change the energy structure, reduce fossil-fuel use. China predicting the coal utilization rate under 60% of the total energy consumption. Thus, by 2020, forecast reducing 40-45% CO2 emission based on 1995. EU energy structure better than china, while they planning energy saving reach 20% at 2020, and improve the renewable energy use. By 2020, EU-27 forecast reducing 20% CO2 emission based on 1990 CO2 emission.
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Göhring, Rebekka. "Shaping the new Europe interest representation in the European Union /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/189/index.html.
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von, Sydow Göran. "Politicizing Europe : Patterns of party-based opposition to European integration." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88732.
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European integration was for a long time perceived as an elite-driven project that received public acceptance through what was coined as the permissive consensus. With the expansion of the domain of community actions and capacities, and the turmoil in the ratification processes following changes of the treaties, an increased public contestation over European integration can be observed. European integration now covers policy areas that are more prone to political debate and polarization. The weak public support for the EU has not been matched by electoral support for Eurosceptic parties. Hence, this mismatch increases the political opportunity structures for political entrepreneurs wishing to profit from the public dissent regarding the integration process. This study focuses on the conditions under which European integration is politicized, where politicization refers more specifically to party-politicization. Political parties that oppose the EU and their electoral fortunes are used as a proxy for the politicization of European integration. It is a comparative study over time (1984-2009) and space (14 member states) which assesses the conditional power of a number of enabling and constraining institutional factors that influence the variation in number of Eurosceptic parties, success of those parties, and the success of single-issue Eurosceptic parties over time and space. The analysis demonstrates the importance of the party system features and the use of referendum over European integration for the emergence of party-based Euroscepticism. It also places special emphasis on the combination of factors and their impact on the outcome. The study relates the findings to the democratic credentials of the European Union, with special reference to the role of opposition and representation.
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梁健正 and Kin-ching Leung. "European economic integration: implications for Europe in 1992 and beyond." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197658X.
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Sen, Simonti. "Travels to Europe self and other in Bengali travel narratives, 1870-1910 /." New Delhi : Orient Longman, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/60534669.html.
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Riva, Jeanne. "Vers une Europe à géométrie variable ? : Réflexion critique sur l’évolution de l’Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D009.
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Près de soixante ans que la construction de l’Union européenne a commencé, se composant de six membres, au début, à vingt-sept aujourd’hui. Dans le même temps, tous les pays membres de l’UE ne s’impliquent pas au même rythme : espace Schengen à vingt-trois, Union monétaire à dix sept, coopérations renforcées et partenariats divers, « à la carte ». Face au contexte mondial, aux crises actuelles (surendettement public) et à venir (réchauffement climatique), aux problèmes juridiques soulevés par les ambiguïtés posées par la coexistence d’un marché unique, de droits nationaux concurrents et d’un droit européen en émergence, quel scénario politique est souhaitable et réalisable pour l’Union européenne en 2015 et en 2030 ? Les deux scénarii les plus probables pour 2015 semblent être le scénario d’une « Europe à géométrie variable », une fédération composée d’un noyau dur d’États membres, trois grands (Allemagne, France, Italie) et quatre petits réunis en un même sous-ensemble (le Benelux et l’Autriche) ainsi que le scénario d’une « union des États nations » correspondant au modèle institutionnel actuel régit par le traité de Lisbonne, mais ne semblant pas le plus approprié pour résoudre la crise actuelle. Pour résoudre la crise de surendettement public et les problèmes juridiques posés au sein de l’UE, le scénario « à géométrie variable » semble le plus adapté du fait de sa capacité à doter les institutions de pouvoirs d’action qui ne fonctionnent plus à l’échelle nationale et insuffisamment à l’échelle européenne (en matière budgétaire, monétaire et réglementaire). Le scénario souhaitable et potentiel pour 2030 est celui d’une Union fédérale pour l’ensemble des États membres qui le souhaitent. Le scénario le plus pessimiste demeure toutefois possible en cas de non réalisation des scénarios fédéraux si le scénario actuel ne résolve pas la crise politique actuelle, une « union économique européenne »Almost sixty years that the European Union began with six members’ State to twenty seven now. At the same time, each member gets involved in different step of the construction of EU, but not with the same commitments: Schengen agreement with twenty three members, Euro zone with seventeen, close European cooperation or partnerships between few countries. In the context of globalization, current crisis (public debts) and crisis coming (Global warming), legal problems raised by the coexistence of a common market, national law and a new European law, what will Europe’s future be in 2015 and 2030? Two scenarios could probably exist in 2015. The first one, “multy-dimensional geometry”, concern a federation of a few members’State, three major countries (Germany, France and Italy) and a group of four little countries (Benelux and Austria). The second one is the current one, the European Union handled by the Lisbonn Treaty, but it doesn’t seem to be the most appropriate for solve the crisis. To face the public debt crisis and the legal problems, the scenario “multy-dimensional geometry” is able to increase the capacity to act on behalf of the federation most than the nations and the European institutions are able to do today (legal, monetary and budgetary policies). In 2030, it would be desirable if scenario “federation for most of the members’State of EU” will succeed. But the scenario of a “free exchange zone in Europe” is not excluded in the case of solutions are not found to solve the crisis
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Varon, Ari David. "Islam and Europe : reflections on religion state relations by European Muslim intellectuals." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/7o52iohb7k6srk09o02c1ck3i.
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Comment les intellectuels musulmans en Europe interprètent-ils les relations entre l’Etat et la religion ? Cette thèse propose une analyse comparative des discours de quatre intellectuels musulmans européens traitant de cette question. Nous étudions conjointement les nombreuses interprétations de l’Islam avec l’essor des relations religion-Etat depuis la paix de Westphalie (1648), ainsi que la coordination entre les communautés musulmanes d’Europe et les institutions étatiques, à travers les réseaux de politiques publiques islamiques relatives à l’Islam dans la sphère publique européenne. Cette recherche compare les discours d’intellectuels musulmans ayant une grande écoute dans la sphère publique Européenne, à savoir Bassam Tibi, Tariq Ramadan, Amr Khaled et Yusuf Qaradawi. Notre analyse compare les discours de ces quatre intellectuels dans un cadre d’analyse multidimensionnel qui comprend quatre catégories. La première est conceptuelle ; la deuxième est institutionnelle; la troisième, l’agenda social; enfin l’action politique et la mobilisation politique prescrite pour les musulmans en Europe. Cette recherche éclaire également l’étude des relations entre Etat et religion à la lumière de l’influence de l’immigration musulmane vers l’Europe et l’installation de Musulmans en tant qu’Européens durant les dernières décennies. Comprendre les perceptions de l’Islam en Europe comme étant influencées par le discours religieux européen tout en influençant celui-ci en retour permettrait de préciser le développement futur des relations entre les religions européennes et les Etats à la fois pour les chercheurs, les acteurs sociaux et les décideurs politiquesHow do Muslims intellectuals in Europe interpret religion state relations? The Ph. D. Dissertation performs a comparative discourse analysis (CDA) of four European Muslim intellectuals as each reflects upon religion state relations. The dissertation studies the multiple interpretations of Islam juxtaposed with the developing religion state relations since the Peace of Westphalia (1648) as well as the coordination between European Muslim communities and state institutions through Islamic policy networks relating to issues of Islam in Europe’s public sphere. The research compares the discourses of for Muslim intellectuals that are prominent in Europe’s public sphere: Bassam Tibi, Tariq Ramadan, Amr Khaled and Yusuf Qaradawi. The CDA compares the four intellectuals in a multi-dimensional framework comprising four categories. First is conceptual; second, institutional surrounding; third, social agenda; fourth, political action and political mobilization prescribed for Muslims in Europe. Studying the discursive presentations of Tibi, Ramadan, Khaled and Qaradawi the research reorganizes the principles of analyzing Islam and Europe opening the possibility of bridging potential obstacles and rigid interpretations of Islam and European identity. The research enlightens the study of religion state relations and the social establishment of Muslim as Europeans over the previous decades. Understanding the perceptions of Islam in Europe as simultaneously influenced by and influencing Europe’s religious discourse could elaborate the future development of European religions state relations for researchers, social organizers and policy makers
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Vespignani, Cesare. "El discurso de la guerra y la formación del estado : tratados políticos y noticias de soldados en España e Italia en los siglos XVI y XVII /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095282.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-226). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Emanuelsson, Robert, Goran Katinic, and Dennis Petersson. "Financial Integration in Europe : a Cointegration Analysis of European Stock Markets." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78928.
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This thesis has studied short and long-term dependence structures between European stock markets. Johansen's test for cointegration and Granger's test for non-causality have been applied in order to measure the degree of financial integration in Europe. The cointegration analysis has employed a comparative perspective in which different countries with different institutional adaptation to the economic cooperation within Europe have been considered. The study finds strong support for the existence of cointegration between the Belgian, Norwegian, Swiss and British stock markets in the period after the launch of the euro. This result indicates that financial integration has increased in Europe since no cointegration was identified prior to the introduction of the euro. However, it is more difficult to determine to what extent the European financial cooperation has affected the degree of integration because of the difficulties with isolating formal treaties contribution to the stationary equilibrium. Both the EU and the euro's importance may have affected the integration process, but this thesis finds that this is not the only explanation. Thus, it is more likely that the liberalization of financial markets and the overall integration process best explain the increase in financial integration. The most significant finding is that the cointegrated stock markets in the long-term can be regarded as a regional financial market characterized by similar systematic risk factors. This has implications for both policy-makers who adjust existing policies in Europe and investors looking to allocate portfolios in an efficient manner.
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Scheuer, Angelika. "How Europeans see Europe structure and dynamics of European legitimacy beliefs /." [Amsterdam] : Amsterdam : Vossiuspers UvA ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/78908.
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Ekelund, Helena. "The agencification of Europe : explaining the establishment of European Community agencies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11269/.
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Governance in the European Union is being transformed through the increased use of agencies to perform a range of functions in a variety of policy areas. The European Commission believes that agencies can add value but admits that their establishment has not been accompanied with a “common understanding” of their roles and purposes. In this thesis, I take the approach that such an understanding is best reached through examination of existing agencies. Focusing on the most common type of agency in the EU, i.e. Community Agencies, this thesis provides a four-level analysis. At the conceptual level, the thesis deals with the ‘agency’ concept. Drawing on public management literature, the empirical level involves classification of these diverse bodies. The contribution of the thesis at the theoretical level is to identify the key driving factors behind agency establishment; following a theoretical framework devised from new institutionalist theories I trace and analyse the establishment process of four case study agencies. The research reveals that to fully understand the establishment of agencies we need to draw on more than one strand of new institutionalism, as they can explain different aspects of agency creation. As a wider outlook the thesis reflects on the role of agencies, relating it to the wider academic debates on the ‘regulatory state’ and its implications for legitimacy.
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Bohdana, Dimitrovona. "Re-Bodering of Europe : The Case of the European Neighbourhood Policy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517296.
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Mangkhala, Suwit. "European identity in the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) : two constructivist analyses." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521953.
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Convery, Anne. "Changing attitudes to Europe : British teacher education and the European dimension." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12760/.
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This thesis examines the attitudes to Europe of student teachers during their initial training course, in order to investigate their development in relation to the European dimension in both the teacher education and school curricula. After setting the current political context, the historical and educational background to the study is outlined, together with a personal rationale for the research. A close scrutiny of the literature pertaining to Europe and the European dimension enabled a conceptual framework of key terms to be established. Consideration of a range of theoretical perspectives in the field of cognitive psychology led to the choice of Bronfenbrenner's Ecology of Human Development as an appropriate framework within which to examine the specific research questions. His belief in human development focuses on the complex interactions between an individual and the environments in which s/he is situated. The individual is interpreted in this study as the student teacher, who develops in a series of ever-widening environments (local, national and European). The research is based on a mixed-model paradigm, drawing on both quantitative and qualitative methods in order to best address the research questions. Data collection took place in two phases: a major four year UK-based study; and a European survey in six EU countries. The research tools used were pre- and post-course questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, which generated large amounts of rich quantitative and qualitative data. An in-depth and detailed analysis of the data resulted in the emergence of a number of key findings. These are discussed and interpreted in the light of the theoretical framework, leading to theoretical and conceptual refinement. Finally, recommendations are made concerning implications for future policy and practice, in terms of European education policy, research, teacher education and schools.
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Sithole, Kundai Mudiva. "The council of Europe : Political legitimation and European human rights protection." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529992.
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Weissenbacher, Rudy. "Peripheral integration and disintegration in Europe: the "European dependency school" revisited." Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5523/1/14782804.2017.pdf.
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In this contribution to the history of theory, the author reconsiders
the impact of the Latin American dependency paradigm on Europe.
The analysis does not deal with the reception of the Latin American
dependency school itself, the focus lies on elements of this school as
they were used to explain the European situation in the 1970s and
1980s. For that purpose, it delineates research networks and their
analyses of core-periphery relations in Europe. All these networks
had a critical attitude towards the old development paradigm. Some
called it development "from above" or "to the outside". A new paradigm
was to include strategic elements of a "selective spatial closure" and
"self-reliance". For many, the European integration process played an
important role in their estimates of future developments. Much of this
analysis still seems relevant and topical today. The author considers it
fruitful to take up the research agenda of the "European dependency
school", to re-define it and adapt it to altered contemporary
circumstances.
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Plapp, Laurel A. "The Orient in Europe : Zionism and revolution in European-Jewish literature /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170245.
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Bagno, Enrico <1991>. "European Citizenship: from the treaties to the "Europe for citizens" programme." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7951.
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Le sfide che l’Europa deve affrontare oggi, come le conseguenze della crisi economica, il problema delle migrazioni di massa e del terrorismo internazionale, rappresentano un rallentamento del processo d’integrazione dell’Unione Europea con una conseguente crisi d’identità.
In quest’ottica, la tesi affronta il tema della cittadinanza europea con un’analisi su più fronti: inizialmente si daranno le basi giuridiche necessarie per comprendere la questione della cittadinanza nell’UE (evoluzione della cittadinanza nei trattati, acquisizione, casi giurisprudenziali, diritti derivati dallo status di cittadino UE), in una fase successiva sarà presentata la possibilità d’iniziativa dei cittadini come elemento di partecipazione democratica, e infine si presenterà una proposta progettuale nell’ambito del programma “Europa per i cittadini”, collegando le conquiste ottenute dalla Corte di Giustizia e dai Trattati alla cittadinanza attiva e al coinvolgimento diretto dei cittadini nei processi decisionali.
L’obiettivo del lavoro è mostrare come una maggiore consapevolezza riguardo allo status di cittadino europeo e dei diritti a esso collegati possa portare a una maggiore partecipazione democratica nel processo d’integrazione dell’Unione Europea.
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Morival, Yohann. "Les Europes du Patronat : l'enjeu "Europe" dans les organisations patronales françaises depuis 1948." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0113.
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Comment l'Europe est-elle constituée comme un enjeu distinct au sein des organisations patronales françaises ? L'objectif de cette thèse peut surprendre tant l'intégration européenne est régulièrement présentée comme un processus exogène et univoque s'imposant aux acteur nationaux. Pourtant, entre 1948 et 2014, plusieurs acteurs s'opposent sur le sens à donner à l'Europe dans les organisations patronales étudiées et la manière de la traiter (faut-il ou non des structures spécialisées ?). Pour comprendre ces pratiques et représentations concurrentes de l'Europe, cette thèse se situe au carrefour de la sociologie des organisations patronales et d'une socio-histoire de l'intégration européenne. Elle mobilise des archives, des entretiens et des observations concernant principalement la confédération patronale française (le CNPF-MEDEF) et incluant plusieurs fédérations sectorielles. La première partie analyse la définition de plusieurs prises de position sur l'intégration européenne au sein du CNPF-MEDEF. Elle indique l'impossibilité de circonscrire un espace stable où sont produites ces décisions sur la période étudiée. Afin d'expliquer les réussites variables de l'adoption d'une décision sur l'Europe, cette thèse met l'accent sur les différentes modalités d'obtention d'un consensus au sein du CNPF-MEDEF. La seconde partie explicite la constitution des différentes légitimités revendiquées pour traiter l'Europe par les acteurs patronaux, à la fois dans les organisations nationales et à l'échelle européenne. De plus, l'enquête historique décrit la différenciation pratique des échelles nationale et européenne sans pour autant les considérer comme des niveaux autonomesHow does Europe become a distinct issue within the Organisations of French Employers ? The question might sound surprising, since European integration is usually described as an exogenous and univocal process imposed to national actors. Still between 1948 and 2014, in the organisations examined here, various actors disagree on what integrating Europe means and how to deal with it (does the organisation need dedicated agencies?). With the ambition to enlighten those competing practices and representations of Europe, this dissertation mixes approaches the sociology of Employers' Organisations and a socio-history of European integration. The research is based on archival material, interviews and observations dealing mainly with the Confederation of French Employers (CNPF-MEDEF), including several sector-specific federations. The first part examines how various actors in the CNPF-MEDEF tried to define a position on European integration. It reveals that, over the period studied, no stable forum/framework existed, where those decisions were made. This research will then focus on the various ways in reaching consensual decisions in the CNPF-MEDEF, in order to explain the fluctuating success of the Organisation in reaching decisions about Europe. The second part considers how the actors of the Employers' Organisations did acquire and claimed for various forms of legitimacy to deal with Europe, both at the national and at the European level. Furthermore, the inquiry shows how the modes of operation of the French Employers' representatives did change at the European level. It is then possible to understand that practices at the national and European levels were different, without them to be fully autonomous from one another
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Tjânice-Túnstra, Wannette. "Origins and opportunities : ethno nations and conflict management in Europe : with special reference to the European Union and the Council of Europe." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6699.
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Kutan, Birgul. "Imagining Turkish accession to the European Union : the role of TUSIAD in the production of Turkey in Europe and Europe in Turkey." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616866.
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This thesis explore the process of Turkey's Accession to the European Union through an analysis of the role of TUSIAD, an elite Turkish business organisation that groups together representatives of some of the largest corporations in Turkey, and actively operates and lobbies on the issue of Turkish Accession in both Turkey and Europe. Drawing on a critical globalisation theory approach that links materialist and post structuralist accounts of social change, globalisation and regionalisation, the thesis explores the role of elite non-state actors in the Turkish Accession process. The thesis challenges accounts that see Turkish Accession as a broadly top down process, and Turkish business as operating as merely a conduit for the interests of powerful European capitalist interests. The thesis demonstrates the active social agency of TUSIAD, highlighting that while it indeed expresses much of the interests of broader neoliberal capitalist actors, it works hard both in Turkey and in Europe to shape its vision of what a future Turkey in Europe and Europe in Turkey might look like. Through exploring TUSIAD's attempts at the production of imaginaries, technologies, and subjectivities, the thesis highlights the complex way that the European Accession process becomes a mechanism through which TUSIAD seeks to construct a particular Turkish geography conducive to its aspirations, that both links to earlier national modernizing attempts and the cultural particularities of Turkey's historical emergence as a developed capitalist state, and simultaneously shapes European attitudes towards Turkey. Through revealing the practices of TUSIAD, the thesis demonstrates the way it seeks to engage across the economic, social, cultural and political domains, to address what it sees as an unfinished project of returning Turkey to its historic place amongst the most powerful nations in the world, economically, politically and culturally, and shaping that process in its own strategic interests and visions. In doing this, the thesis also demonstrates the complex relationship between modernity and capitalism, decentres Eurocentric accounts of the Turkish Accession process, and highlights the important role that non-state actors are playing in the making and unmaking of a new European geography.
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Eksund, Andrea Hansen. "The Health Gradient in Europe : An empirical analysis of health inequalities in Europe and within thirteen European countries from 2002 to 2012." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26516.
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During the last three decades there has been a growing research interest on socioeconomic health inequalities, but where most of the studies have been on individual health determinants. The aim of this paper will be to look at the contextual determinants of health since they often affect individual determinants. Studies done on health inequalities show that there are inequalities between different social groups no matter how these groups are divided (by education, social class, income, etc.), and that these inequalities are apparent in every country and society in Europe. This thesis will look at the trends in social health inequalities between 2002 and 2012 in Europe and within thirteen European countries. Three potential contextual explanations were presented; the financial crisis, welfare state regimes and Wilkinson’s income inequality hypothesis. Self-reported health is here the health indicator, while education is used as the indicator of socioeconomic position. Unemployment rates and the Gini-index are the two contextual variables used. The analyses are conducted through OLS-regression and multilevel modeling. The individual data used are collected from the European Social Survey, module 1 through 6, while the contextual variables are collected from the World Development Indicators, Pordata and Eurostat. Two main findings were drawn from the results. The first is the persistency in inequalities in self-reported health in Europe as well as within most of the European countries during these ten years. The persistency, as well as the stability seen in most countries, can possibly be explained by the time it might take for changes in unemployment rates and the Gini-index to show significant results on health inequalities. This result might also be due to the small changes in the Gini-index, causing insignificant change in the distribution of power, relative deprivation and psychosocial stress, just as proposed by the income inequality hypothesis. The hypothesis is however having a hard time explaining the persistency in health inequalities between countries and welfare state regimes since the welfare states with the smallest income inequalities are not the ones with the smallest health inequalities. The stability in health inequalities in nine of the thirteen countries might also be explained by the welfare state regimes these countries belong to and the welfare benefits they have. According to the second finding the Netherlands and Spain have increasing health inequalities in 2010 and 2008 respectively, while Portugal and Slovenia have decreasing health inequalities in 2006 and 2008. For all four countries alterations in unemployment rates might explain these significant changes to some degree, even though they all seem to have different underlying factors having an effect (economy and welfare benefits i.e.).
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Christmann, Olivia, and Laurent Warlouzet. "Scenarios of "Europe-puissance" : the French foreign policy in Europe by 2020." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2010/4839/.
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Milliot, David. "Processus ASEM (Asia-Europe meeting) : vers l'émergence du trans-régionalisme Asie-Europe ?" Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100025.
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Les relations euro-asiatiques ont longtemps été marquées par des rapports inégaux. Il faudra attendre la fin du XXe siècle pour voir disparaitre le déséquilibre historique des relations Europe-Asie. Le lancement de l'ASEM (Asia-Europe Meeting) à Bangkok en 1996 a été le symbole le plus marquant de ce rééquilibrage. Sous-tendue par un mode de fonctionnement original, l'ASEM a créé une dynamique de convergence inscrite dans la durée avec la tenue des Sommets biennaux. Toutefois, son mode de fonctionnement ternaire (politique, économique, culturel) révèle certaines lacunes que les mesures adoptées au Sommet de Copenhague (2002) cherchent à combler. L'ASEM est l'histoire d'une double reconquête : la reconquête de la scène internationale par l'Asie tout d'abord. Pour la première fois, un cadre de dialogue et de coopération avec l'Europe s'inspire, dans son mode de fonctionnement, directement des techniques diplomatiques asiatiques. Face à des contraintes internes et externes de plus en plus lourdes, l'ASEAN a perdu son rôle moteur dans le processus. Dans ce contexte, l'ASEM peut jouer un rôle utile comme espace de dialogue complémentaire aux relations inter-régionales (ASEAN-UE), bilatérales et multilatérales. Dans le même temps, le "recyclage" de l'ASEM permet à l'Asie de développer des relations inédites avec d'autres pôles régionaux. Les fonctions du trans-régionalisme de l'ASEM révèlent également une stratégie de reconquête de la scène internationale par les états. Objet non identifié des relations internationales, le trans-régionalisme de l'ASEM peut répondre à plusieurs types d'interprétation. Les relations trans-régionales sont des outils utiles à l'émergence d'un concept de gouvernance mondiale : elles permettent à la fois le renforcement des relations entre pôles régionaux et à la création d'espaces de dialogue transversaux inédits. Le trans-régionalisme de l'ASEM serait-il le lien manquant entre mondialisation et régionalisation ?The launching of the ASEM process in Bangkok in 1996 was the first step towards a global agenda among two equal partners, Asia and Europe. Supported by specific working procedures and biannual summits, ASEM has created a new dynamic between the two regions. From ASEM I in Bangkok (1996) to ASEM IV in Copenhaguen (2002), ASEM has developed a complete new set of methods of fostering political and economic dialogue as well as functional co-operation. Its working, achievements and shortcomings are analysed. But the key question is : what both partners want to achieve through this process ? First, ASEM aims at increasing the profile of Asia and Europe in international relations. But it also underlines a number of functions which help States managing their bilateral, inter-regional and multilateral affairs. The trans-regionalism of ASEM is in fact an important feature of this new process. As a political and diplomatic process, ASEM is to a large extent more influenced by the informal Asian ways of conducting business than the legalistic European approach. The consequences of the ASEM process on Asian regionalism, especially the building-up of an East-Asian Community, are also to be considered. Whereas Southeast Asia is searching ways to consolidate its position in the context of emerging China and the increasing dynamism of the Indian subcontinent, ASEM provides with new linkages. The role of the ASEM process in the international affairs is not meaningless : it has emerged as being a new layer of co-operation and has created a window of opportunity for fostering new types of co-operation between regions in the world. In fact, ASEM has served as a blueprint respectively for Europe and Asia to foster new relations with other regions (Latin America, Africa, Middle East). Hence, it raises the issue of a new global governance in international relations. Will ASEM be the missing link between regionalism and globalization ?
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Seidel, Katja. "Administering Europe : community officials and the bureaucratic integration of Europe (1952-1967)." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2008. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/administering-europe(c5dc3bdf-4543-4b7d-9417-2e89f37ebdd7).html.
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Administrations and administrative elites are key to the understanding of the history of the European Union. While they are protagonists in the integration of Europe, they have been severely neglected in historical research. T11is thesis makes a significant contribution to the historiography of the European integration process by combining the study of the origins of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community and the Commission of the European Economic Community with an analysis of the biographies and careers of European civil servants. The study is based on extensive archival research in ten archives in seven countries and on semi-structured interviews with former officials of the High Authority and of the Commission. The thesis covers three main themes. It firstly sheds new light on how the European administrations emerged and which structures, staff recruitment mechanisms and working methods they adopted. The recruitment patterns in particular invite the analysis of the role of external influences of member state governments and interest groups on the European administrations which could undermine their independence. The thesis thus unfolds the conflicts and difficulties faced by the High Authority and the Commission and their officials. It reveals that many decisions concerning the administrations and staff recruitment were guided not by considerations of practicality and pragmatism but by the aim of gaining legitimacy for the supranational administrations. Secondly, the study examines the biographical background of the first European high officials. Here, the concept of generations helps to highlight and put into perspective similarities and differences between officials and contributes to explaining why these individuals chose to invest their careers in the European integration process. The thesis also studies socialisation mechanisms within the administrations which facilitated a European identity formation among the civil servants. By focusing on administrative cultures that emerged in the Commission, the third theme combines the study of administrative structures with that of individuals. The thesis examines the examples of the common agricultural policy and competition policy and shows how administrative cultures and actor socialisation can impact on preference formation and ultimately influence the shape of Community policies. It thus demonstrates that analysing administrative cultures and socialisation processes are crucial for understanding Community policies.
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Holthausen, Cornelia. "Financial Intermediation in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7390.
Full textAbstract:
El primer capítulo de esta tesis trata de la legislación de los sistemas de pago internacionales de grna valor cuando la supervisión es efectuada por el banco central nacional. El modelo construido se centra en el análisis de la elección entre la liquidación bruta o neta. Se demuestra que si los bancos privados tienen la misma información que los bancos centrales, la decisión sobre el modo de liquidación debe ser tomada por los bancos centrales. No obstante, si los bancos privados poseen información superior acerca del riesgo asumido por los bancos en otros paises, pueden ser mejor dejar la decisión en manos del sector privado.En el segundo capítulo, analizo posibles efectos de la moneda única sobre la estructura de los mercados interbancarios en Europa. En estos mercados, se transfiere liquidez entre bancos. Los bancos reciben señales sobre la solvencia de otros bancos. Las señales son menos precisas cuando se trata de bancos en otros países. En el modelo, demuestro que un mercado internacional se puede desarrollar solamente cuando las diferencias en la escasez de liquidez, entre países es grande en relación a la diferencia en la calidad de señales. Otro resultado importante del modelo es que un equilibrio con un mercado integrado Pareto-domina un equilibrio con mercados separados como si la diferencia en calidad de señales domésticas e internacionales está por debajo de un cierto límite. Por último, analizo los efectos de una gradual integración de los mercados financieros. En particular, demuestro que fuciones entre bancos pueden aumentar el nivel de bienestar.
El tercer capítulo de la tesis está dedicado al análisis de la estructura de la propiedad de las empresas en economías donde los bancos poseen una gran parte de las acciones. Analizo la decisión de un solo dueño de una empresa a vender acciones. Supongo que la propiedad produce beneficios de control, y que estos beneficios se dividen entre los accionistas según su posición estratégica. Si las empresas varian en su rendimiento esperado tal como en su nivel de beneficios de control, demuestro que el dueño puede señalar la calidad de su empresa, eligiendo la estructura de la propiedad. El modelo es consistente con la evidencia empírica en que bloques de acciones llevan un premio. Además demuestro que dueños de empresas con rendimientos altos eliger una mayor dispersión de acciones entre accionistas.
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Hansen, Thorsten. "Firms in Integrating Europe." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-111503.
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Pickard, Catriona. "Fishing in Mesolithic Europe." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25081.
Full textAbstract:
Although there is growing evidence for the importance of fishing to Mesolithic peoples, many questions concerning fishing methods and extent of exploitation of aquatic resources remain unresolved. This is the first study for five decades to draw together various strands of contemporary knowledge in order to provide an overview of fishing during the Mesolithic period in Europe. Utilisation of fish as a resource is discussed on the basis of the evidence provided by site location, dietary reconstruction from faunal remains, the nutritional value of fish and the chemical analysis of human and animal bone. The fishing practices of European Mesolithic populations are reconstructed from the evidence provided by artefactual and faunal remains. Temporal and spatial variations in fishing activities are assessed. Methods of fish capture are determined in several ways; by examination of the range of fishing gear attested in the archaeological record, by comparison with modes of operating this gear in traditional and modern fisheries, by an investigation of the biology and behaviour of the fish species recovered and, lastly, through statistical assessment of the co-occurrence of fishing gear and fish fauna in archaeological contexts. This is supplemented by information drawn from ethnographic analogues. It is inferred from these studies that Mesolithic fishermen had a sophisticated understanding of the use and manufacture of employed technologies, fish biology and behaviour and the impact of hydrological conditions on fishing practice.
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Mineur, F. "Introduced Seaweeds in Europe." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517556.
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Schwab, Veit. "Discursive borders in EUrope." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/107974/.
Full textAbstract:
This PhD thesis develops a critical account of discursive practices of bordering in the EUropean migration regime. By articulating recent advances from the fields of Critical Migration and Border Studies and Discourse Studies, it develops a theoretical and methodological framework that enables grasping discursive borders in their heterogeneity. On a broader level, it is interested in re-approaching post-structuralist and materialist strands of theory and analysis by going back to their beginnings in structural Marxism and psychoanalysis. EUrope’s discursive borders are scrutinised through the lens of different contexts that allow emphasising the entangled nature of policy, academic, and activist discourse. First, the present research scrutinises a set of practices of discursive bordering with a relatively high stability over time. Adopting a post-colonial, macro-historical perspective, it shows how EUrope’s colonial history infuses the conceptual apparatus of the EU’s contemporary migration policy. This serves as a foundation for the following chapters, that examine practices of discursive bordering from a micro-enunciative and a situated perspective. While the second analysis focuses on the construction and supraversion of the labour / refugee divide in German discourses on EUropean migration, the third shows how discursive borders are turned into a political stake in a migrant protest. This allows conceiving of categorisation and differentiation as discursive practices that are scattered in time and space, and characterised by resonances, contradictions, and subversions instead of following a common rationality or having a central point of reference.