Journal articles on the topic 'Europe – Social life and customs – History'
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1
Peal, David. "Self-Help and the State: Rural Cooperatives in Imperial Germany." Central European History 21, no. 3 (September 1988): 244–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012206.
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The consolidation of territorial states in Central Europe undermined the local customs and institutions that had shaped village life since the Middle Ages. By the end of the eighteenth century unitary law codes overrode rural customs. By distinguishing between public and private law, these codes stripped the organized village community of legal substance. Police and judicial functions once performed within the community were assumed by bureaucrats, and the state meddled with the use of local resources by liberalizing marriage and residence laws. Deprived of political autonomy, the village did remain the core economic and social unit in rural life, controlling access to communal forests and enforcing the rules of three-field agriculture. In the middle decades of the nineteenth century this limited autonomy was undermined as well. Freedom of contract, security of individual property, free transmission of property between generations, and commercialization of landed property struck at the ability of villages to control their material world in customary ways.
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Laužikas, Rimvydas. "Consumption of Drinks as Representation of Community in the Culture of Nobility of the 17th–18th Centuries." Tautosakos darbai 51 (June 27, 2016): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/td.2016.28882.
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Drinks and customs related to their consumption play a special role in the social history (essentially, that of the human community). However, research of the customs of alcohol consumption in Lithuania (along with the history of daily life in general and the culture of the nobility’s daily life in particular) is rather sporadic so far. The article presents a research work in cultural anthropology on the alcohol consumption as means (or prerequisite) of achieving more important aims of religious, social, economic or other kind. Because of the big scope of research and low level of prior investigation, the subject of this article is limited to a single aspect – namely, the custom of drinking from the same glass; to the culture of only one social layer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) – the nobility; and to a distinct period – the 17th–18th centuries. The aim of analysis is revealing sources of this custom, its development and meaning in the social community of the given period.According to the research, the GDL presented a sphere of interaction between the local pre-Christian Lithuanian culture, which had been developing for an incredibly long period – even until the end of the 15th century, and the Western European cultural tradition. The Western European culture, formed in the course of joining together elements of the antique heritage, the Christian worldview and the inculturized “Northern barbarism”, acquired in the 14th–16th century Lithuania one of its essential constituents – namely, the culture of the “Northern barbarism” still alive and functioning. On the other hand, the nobility of the GDL, raised in pre-Christian Lithuanian culture, had no trouble recognizing elements of its local heritage in the Western Christian culture. The local custom of drinking from the same glass characteristic to the higher social layers supposedly stemmed from the drinking horns. Along with Christianity and spread of the wine culture, the local pre-Christian custom of drinking from the same glass should have been abandoned by the nobility, surviving instead solely in the lower social classes. The western custom of drinking from the same glass spread in Lithuania along with Christianity and the wine consumption. However, its influence on the nobility was rather limited. In the 15th–16th centuries, when this custom was still rather widespread in Europe, the Lithuanian nobility was just beginning its acquaintance with the wine culture, while in the 17th–18th centuries, when the wine culture grew popular in Lithuania, the western-like custom of drinking from the same glass had already waned in other European countries. Therefore, the western custom of drinking from the same glass was rather a marginal phenomenon among the Lithuanian nobility, affected by the cultural exchange with the Polish nobility (which grew especially intense following the union of Lublin) and the ideology of Sarmatianism. The custom of drinking from the same glass disappeared in the culture of the Lithuanian nobility at the turn of the 18th–19th century due to the ideas of Enlightenment and the altered notions of healthy lifestyle and hygiene. However, drinking from the same glass, as a distant echo of the ancient customs representing social community was quite popular in the peasant culture as late as the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st centuries.
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Koscielniak, Krzysztof. "Christian-Muslim Relations in Central Europe: The Polish Experience." ICR Journal 4, no. 2 (April 15, 2013): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v4i2.474.
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Although thirty million Muslims currently reside in the European Union, and adherents to the Islamic religion now constitute the majority of immigrants and the second largest religious group in European society, the influence of Islam on the culture of Central Europe was and is small, with the notable exception of Poland. There, a small traditional group of Polish Muslims has made a considerable contribution during six centuries of history to Poland's cultural and religious heritage: Polish Muslims or “Tartars” fought for Catholic Poland against the Catholic State of the Teutonic Order, and almost always stood by their Polish kings against incursions from the Sunni Turks, highlighting the importance of the loyalty felt to the Polish homeland. By the same token, Polish culture has been greatly enriched by Tartar customs, in a gradual and complex process of acculturation - a process that was ‘necessary’, ‘extended’ and ‘complete’ in its various phases. More recent migrants and refugees arriving in Poland have increased the ethnic and religious diversity of the Polish Muslim community, with marked social and theological implications. These are reflected today in the plethora of organisations representing the interests of various Muslim groups and organisations in the country. Furthermore, the advanced extent of Christian-Muslim dialogue, something well developed in Poland, manifests a true “dialogue of life” and reflects the shared desire to promote understanding, stimulate communication, and work collaboratively on specific problems of mutual concern.
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Krishan, Shri. "Discourses on Modernity: Gandhi and Savarkar." Studies in History 29, no. 1 (February 2013): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643013496688.
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Debates emanate from dualities, situations of conflict, contradictions and paradoxes. Modernity is a paradox of sorts. So too was the colonial experience. Contrary to popular belief, Gandhi looked at the Indian traditions and ways of life from the perspective derived from western modernist epistemology. Our attitude to modernity is bound up, consciously or otherwise, with our perspective on colonialism as the forerunner of modernity. The word ‘modernity’ has varied connotations. In the present context, it is to be understood, chiefly, as western Enlightenment modernity mediated through European colonialism. But the perception of Gandhi and V.D. Savarkar differed regarding western Enlightenment modernity as there were differences of opinion between them on almost every political and social issue and methods of struggle against colonialism. These differences were rooted actually in their understanding of modernity, its epistemologies and variants prevalent in Europe, their relevance for Indian context and national liberation struggle. Gandhi’s may appear to be rooted in indigenous traditions but he also inherited the ‘scientific temper’ and methods and weapons of struggle which ‘modern politics’ has brought to forefront in Europe and America. Savarkar, on the other hand, was influenced by the intellectual trends which forged the weapons for the Right-wing politics in Europe. Gandhi appears to be always open to dialogue even though his position may be very dogmatic on certain issues but Savarkar is free from ambivalences that resurface repeatedly in Gandhi. The reflection is to be found in their political, literary, philosophical and other discourses, providing contexts in which debates unfold concerning customs, laws, religions, languages, generations, regions and ends and means controversy. They underpin controversies over the relationship of the individual to the collective.
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Sakulyeva, T. N., and S. Trombetta. "History of origin and development of customer service." Upravlenie 7, no. 4 (January 27, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-54-59.
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Any interaction between two or more actors always involves different factors: economic, social, cultural, political and o ther. Studying the history of the service concept is impossible in the break from the study of the concept of trade. These two concepts in an inseparable bundle to more accurately reflect the importance of service both in small trade transactions and for the work of transport industry leaders, – have been considered in the article.The trade and economic breakthrough in the development of international trade relations, which dates back to the XIII century. The most important period for studying the history of the service concept as a key aspect of trade. The XX century has become really important for customer service. Created prerequisites, development of production, qualitative change in the life of the population – all it allowed both Russia and Europe to step far forward in terms of the service concept. If up to this point, the world has been convinced, that supply creates demand, then with the development of supply, with the expansion of services, with the advent of new modes of transport, namely, with the emergence of alternatives in any sphere of society, there is a new task – to attract customer to its product.The result of changes in the service sector in the XX century was a reorientation from production to customer, despite the uneven development of the countries of Europe and Russia, in the XXI century the countries rose about one step of service development. The only thing, that has become the strongest difference are the mental values of the people of Europe and Russia. Customer orientation prevails over one’s own interests, as the moral satisfaction of the process of interaction with the client is on a par with the material. Lack of class division of customers, and understanding the importance of separating needs according to opportunities is the basis for the development of service on transport.
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Kocsis, Éva, Noémi Mózes, and Helga Feith. "Magyarországi helyzetkép táplálkozási szokásokról a kultúra és a hagyományok tükrében, különös tekintettel a romákra." Kaleidoscope history 11, no. 22 (2021): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.22.109-122.
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For centuries, the traditional eating habits of the Hungarian people have also been influenced by historical events, what kind of rule we were under, or which country we were allied with. The eating habits of the smaller segments, such as families, were determined by the given political situation and social affiliation. Of course, the weather conditions also had a great influence on the ingredients of the kitchen. Today’s modern eating habits are influenced by knowledge, financial means, fashion, the environment. The combination of these, combined with physical inactivity, causes the domestic population to be a leader in the world and European rankings in terms of overweight and obesity. The health situation of the Roma, as the largest minority in Europe, is of great importance in Hungary as well. Their health is worse than that of the majority of society, and their life expectancy is lower. The ethnic group with a long tradition and customs, preserving the ancient heritage proudly. In addition to their disadvantaged situation, this still affects their eating habits today. Despite the abandonment of the nomadic lifestyle, typical flavours and kitchen techniques are still used today, despite the fact that assimilation greatly influences their diet. Going through the history of both the Hungarian and the Gypsy minority, we review eating habits, what they have preserved from the past, and the extent to which the fashion of the “Western way of life” has an impact on the eating habits of modern society.
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Astakhova, E. V. "Spain as a Reference in Wine Culture." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 5, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2021-4-20-131-144.
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The culture of wine as a traditional drink in the countries of Southern Europe is determined by the geographical, ethnographic, and historical context, at the same time it is associated with national identification. In the case of Spain, wine plays the role of a friendly union, an element of active communication, is a sociocultural behavioral norm. Through the history of wine-making, the key stages of the country’s development can be traced: from ancient settlements to the European Union, variety of backgrounds, traditions and religions, etc. adding to the long history of wine on the territory of today’s Spain. The theme of wine is reflected in the works of famous Spanish philosophers, writers and artists as a stable tradition, a symbol of community, celebration, creativity, at the same time melancholy and sadness, as a typical Spanish dualism of attitude to life. It is noted that wine was not only viewed as a means of recreation, but also a powerful double-edged social factor, both pacifying and disorganizing. Taverns became people’s universities, and cafes with their tertulias became the center of intellectual life. Wine is an important economic component, the vineyard zones cover the whole country, with its main wine-making regions — from Rioja to Jerez — renowned around the world. Hundreds of varieties of wines are produced, which differ in denomination, aging, reputation, and popularity on the world market and with tourists. Spain has a leading position in this area. At present, bars, restaurants, and taverns, as public spaces suitable for big parties and family gatherings alike, have become not only a place of spending one’s pastime, but also a platform for political discussions, a place where certain political forces manipulate their influence, where polar views on the current and future agenda are in confrontation: the globalization of the society and cultural unification, or the preservation of unique customs and traditions. Wine culture is dynamic, it manifests itself in a new form in the younger generation, the latest gender and progressive norms appear, the simple, down-to-earth consumption characteristic of the bar culture displaces the spiritual component. The loss of traditions, including the wine culture, is dangerous for the society. It will have negative consequences for the country, will cause damage to its attractiveness for investors and tourists, and hurt the very image of their motherland the Spanish hold dear. Wine remains an important part of the national heritage, material, and spiritual culture of Spain.
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Huliuk, Ihor. "«Convinced and Interested in Gifts»: The Trial of the Nobleman's Servant Jan Pelygrymovskyi in 1623." Ukrainian Studies, no. 4(85) (January 15, 2023): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.4(85).2022.271179.
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The article raises the problem of enmity among the Volyn nobility in the second half of the 16th – the first half of the 17th century. The place of a nobleman in society, according to the early modern law is analyzed. It is indicated that on the territory of Europe at that time, and therefore also in Volyn, legislative bodies secured a privileged place for the nobility, protecting their personal freedoms and rights, which had a direct impact on the formation of the values of the noble community. It was emphasized that belonging to the society elite did not guarantee a safe and conflict-free life, which was closely related to noble needs that required constant contact with other members of society. The interpretations of the szlachta conflict in historiography are analyzed. It is stated that the majority of historians see the connection of this phenomenon with the nature of the early modern state, and with the features of the social order. The point of view according to which excessive conflict was a consequence of improper functioning of the executive branch of power, which created a field for social confrontations was highlighted. It has been established that in historical research this aspect is interpreted as characteristic of the culture of that time and such that in the perception of the nobility itself, it looked like regularity in which it knew how to navigate, reacting to each subsequent gesture and new stage of the conflict. The caveats regarding acted materials pointed out by Maria Bogucka and the approaches to work with the historical source, Jerzy Topolski drew attention to, were analyzed. All of the above aspects are considered from the local history angle – the case of the murder of the Volyn nobleman Hryhorii Bylynskyi and the trial of the accused. The behavior and statements of the szlachta during the trial, which took place in September–October 1623 in the Lutsk court, were analyzed. Jan Pelygrymovskyi`s motives in committing the crime are highlighted and analyzed. The involvement and interest in its implementation of a possible customer of a murder – Martyn Bohush, was traced. Possible versions of the murder are highlighted and the course of the trial is shown. Attention is drawn to the facts that despite the presence of two versions of the murder in the sources, this does not simplify the task of interpreting the event itself, and even complicates it, since we often do not have necessary evidence at our disposal. In order to cover all possible aspects of the murder, the importance of patron-client and family relationships was considered. Attention is drawn to specific manifestations of the everyday culture of this time, which shed light on szlachta customs in Volyn in the second half of the 16th – the first half of the 17th centuries.
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Gianfortoni, Emily Wells. "Marriage Customs in Lar: The Role of Women's Networks in Tradition and Change." Iran and the Caucasus 13, no. 2 (2009): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12625876281181.
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AbstractOne reason many traditional Lari customs celebrating life cycle events, such as births, marriages, and pilgrimages were preserved well into the 1970s is that women, particularly the older women, have been the keepers of this knowledge. They maintained the practice of these customs and passed on the knowledge to their daughters and younger members of their social networks. This paper examines Lari marriage practices in the 1970s and contrasts them with earlier customs as reported by older women. It discusses also the role of social networks in maintaining, changing, and passing on marriage customs.
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KUEN-TAE, KIM. "Eighteenth-century Korean marriage customs: the Tansoˇng census registers." Continuity and Change 20, no. 2 (August 2005): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416005005527.
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In this article the ages at marriage and remarriage of Tansoˇng men and women are examined through an analysis of census registers (hojoˇk) from between 1678 and 1789. It was discovered that the average age of Tansoˇng women at first marriage was 17.5, and that most women married between the ages of 15 and 20, much earlier than women in Europe in this period and slightly earlier than those in Japan, but at similar ages to Chinese women. Husbands were on average around 18 when they married. Roughly half of widowers remarried, with remarriage more likely for those of lower and middle status than for upper-status widowers. Many middle- and low-status widowers had probably also married widows despite the fact that there was a legal prohibition on the remarriage of widows.
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Linke, Uli. "Folklore, Anthropology, and the Government of Social Life." Comparative Studies in Society and History 32, no. 1 (January 1990): 117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500016352.
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Despite the enormous diversity of research within the anthropological tradition, a common unifying theme has been the “reach into otherness” (Burridge 1973:6), the venture of discovering humanity through the exploration of other cultures. From the inception of anthropology as a distinct domain of knowledge, this ethnographic curiosity has been staged within a comparative frame of reference (Hymes 1974). Early inquiries into different customs and social forms were based on the writings of European travelers, whose observations about people in distant lands provided the narrative material for constructing a plausible vision of their own world. Initially, insights into the workings of society remained implicit, hidden beneath the projected images of “otherness.” By the second half of the eighteenth century, these encounters with the unfamiliar through travel and commerce had begun to generate a conscious desire for societal self-knowledge among Europeans. The haphazard collection of ethnographic information was gradually transformed into a reflective methodology.
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Resani, Shahjahan. "براہوئی خلقی شاعری ٹی روایت آتاراجی درشانی." Al-Burz 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v11i1.45.
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This research paper argued, that the four fathers spared the fundamental knowledge according to their wisdom. The experiences of their daily routine became customs. Those customs made traditions and the tradition leaded the civilization. Objectives of this paper is to disclose the social and psychological characteristics in folklore. This custom originated from the different traditions like, seasonal traveling especially nomadic life opens the customs in shape of folklore, secondly this paper shows the hidden life history and nomadism story of our ancient. Moreover, the saying and proverbs dispenses the wisdom and exercise of daily life. A quantitative approach of research conducted this study. the descriptive methods or research has been adopted to final this study
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Yunita, Yuyun, Muhammad Ali, and Novita Herawati. "ISLAMIC CULTURAL HISTORY AS A LIFE PARADIGM." Nizham Journal of Islamic Studies 10, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/nizham.v10i1.4228.
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Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills needed by themselves, society, nation and state . Character is the universal valuesof human behavior that includes all human activities, both in the context of relating to God, with oneself, with fellow humans, as well as with the environment, which are manifested in thoughts, attitudes, feelings, words, and actions based on norms. Religious norms, laws, etiquette, culture, and customs of Madrasas play a role in producing students who are smart in science, but also in character and personality. Through the example of Islamic figures and scholars discussed in Islamic Cultural History learning, especially the patience, persistence, and fortitude of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, his companions, scholars, and great figures in Islam so that some characters are built for students such as: religious, honest, disciplined, responsible, independent, social care and hard work.
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Vladimir Torres, James, and Leonardo Moreno-Álvarez. "INTRODUCCIÓN: INLAND PORTS IN THE ANGLO-IBERIAN ATLANTIC: NEW APPROACHES FROM ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL HISTORY." Illes i imperis, no. 24 (November 24, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31009/illesimperis.2022.i24.01.
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Inland waterways had an expansive role in the economic performance of preindustrialand early industrial societies. The lower freight rates and lower biomass consumptioncharacteristic of riverine trade allowed merchants to export bulky, low-value-to-weightcommodities to distant nodes and successfully compete in global, competitive markets.As a growing literature has shown, economies endowed with an extensive network of inlandwaterways were better positioned to benefit from regional specialization andSmithian growth.1 The increasing integration of markets in China, Europe, and other regionsbefore the twentieth century was driven, among other things, by fundamental organizationaland technological changes in river navigation, such as improvements in portfacilities, canalization, customs simplification, and elimination of barriers to entry.2 Theadvent of steam navigation strengthened the productivity gains in river trade, makingupriver navigation cost-effective and further connecting inland nodes to the expansivewaves of global trade.3
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Vučetić, Radina, and Olga Manojlović Pintar. "Social History in Serbia: The Association for Social History." East Central Europe 34-35, no. 1-2 (2008): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102023.
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This review essay provides a brief overview of the research and publication activity of the Udruženje za društvenu istoriju/Association for Social History, an innovative scholarly organization established in 1998 in Belgrade, Serbia. The association promotes research on social history in modern South-Eastern Europe, with a focus on former Yugoslavia, and publishes scientific works and historical documents. The driving force behind the activity of the association is a group of young social historians gathered around Professor Andrej Mitrović, at the University of Belgrade. Prof. Mitrović’s work on the “social history of culture” has provided a scholarly framework for a variety of new works dealing with issues of modernization, history of elites, history of ideas, and the diffuse relationship between history and memory. Special attention is given to the Association’s journal, Godišnjak za društvenu istoriju/Annual for Social History, which published studies on economic history, social groups, gender issue, cultural history, modernization, and the history of everyday life in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Methodologically routed in social history, these research projects are interdisciplinary, being a joint endeavor of sociologists, art historians, and scholars of visual culture.
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Robb, John. "Prehistoric Art in Europe: A Deep-Time Social History." American Antiquity 80, no. 4 (October 2015): 635–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.80.4.635.
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Although many researchers have studied prehistoric European artthere has been virtually no attention paid to the broad prehistory of art as a specialized form of material culture: virtually all studies focus narrowly on single bodies of art. This paper presents a new approach to analyzing prehistoric art: quantitative deep time study. It analyzes a database of 211 art traditions from across Europe and from 40,000 B.C. to 0 AD.to identify changes in the amountnatureand use of prehistoric art. The results reveal clear long-term trends. The amount of art made increased sharply with the origins of sedentary farming and continued to rise throughout prehistory. New forms of art arise in conjunction with new ways of life: “period genres “ are closely tied into patterns of social change. There are also long-term shifts in aesthetics and the uses of art (such as a gradual shift from arts of ritual and concealment to arts of surface and display). These resultsthough preliminaryshow that a deep-time approach familiar from topics such as climate change is applicable to art; the resulting social history can illuminate both art and its social context.
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Lengwiler, Martin. "Cultural Meanings of Social Security in Postwar Europe." Social Science History 39, no. 1 (2015): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.43.
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The emergence of postwar welfare states in Europe is usually understood as a social and political phenomenon, as a social policy to prevent against forms of mass poverty and to grant general social rights and entitlements to populations during a period of rising prosperity. Beyond these sociopolitical aspects, the foundation of systems of social security after 1945 also had important cultural and epistemic implications. The promise of the state to provide a generalized form of security represented an important cultural factor in securing the social and political stability of postwar societies in Europe. This article examines some exemplary aspects of the meaning of social security by tracing their historical roots and their effects on postwar welfare states in Western Europe. In order to chart the various, interconnected cultural meanings of social security, it juxtaposes two institutional contexts in which social security and prevention were discussed: an international organization of social security experts and a Swiss life insurance company with an innovative health promotion service. The article shows how security was seen ultimately as an utopian response to the multiplication of risks and damages through the processes of industrialization and modernization and thus reveals how security served as both a technical concept for managing integrated systems of insurance and an instrument of control and calculation to help administer the economic and social policies of modern societies. By focusing on the example of life insurance, it demonstrates how security acted as an umbrella term for a generalized model of prevention that targeted the specific risks of a modern, middle-class consumer society.
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V, Chitra. "Folk Medicine and Practical Life." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-12 (September 20, 2022): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s127.
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Every human society has its own medical system. It can be called a social institution. Disease and medicine are inseparable in the history of human culture. Folk medicine is the medical method practiced by the local people. These are called "hand remedies," "folk remedies," "grandmother's remedies," "herbal medicine," "home remedies," hereditary remedies, pachilai remedies (Medicament with leaves), naturopathy, etc., The Ayurvedic system of medicine is one of the oldest systems of medicine. Folk medicine was practiced in the Vedic period itself. There has been no extensive study of folk medicine in India. Western anthropologists have written some notes on folk medicine by studying the tribes. This system of medicine is intertwined with the culture, customs, and social structure of the rural population. They also adopt modern systems of medicine according to their beliefs. Folk medicine is widely used by the tribal people.
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KOK, JAN, and KEES MANDEMAKERS. "A life-course approach to co-residence in the Netherlands, 1850–1940." Continuity and Change 25, no. 2 (August 2010): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416010000160.
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ABSTRACTIn this article, we study variations in co-residence with kin in the Netherlands in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We use the reconstructed life courses of 17,527 individuals derived from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) database. The life-course approach allows us to look at co-residence from the perspectives of both the receiving households and the co-resident kin. What made households take in relatives and do we find a preference for one type of relative over another? What was the background of people who decided to co-reside in another household? How important were family-related ‘altruistic’ motives compared with economic ones? The outcomes suggest the predominance of altruistic motives for co-residence, apart from persistent inheritance customs in the eastern part of the country.
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Broers, Michael. "Revolution as Vendetta: Napoleonic Piedmont 1801–1814 II." Historical Journal 33, no. 4 (December 1990): 787–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013765.
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The virus of violent, personal vendetta had poisoned the blood of elite society in Piedmont by the time the country was formally annexed to France in April 1802. The turbulent events of the period 1794–1801 had inflamed and then politicized a society ‘whose customs steadfastly retained something of the unruly and fiercesome’, as Sauli d'Igliano, the son of a petty count from Ceva, chose to describe it when writing of his childhood in the mid-1790s. The revolutionary process unleashed and, finally, entrenched that penchant for violence among ‘men of the second order’ that Giuseppe Baretti had informed the whole of Europe of a generation earlier in his widely read An account of the manners and customs of Italy: ‘they are withal so punctilious and so ready to draw the sword, that more duels are fought in Piedmont than in the rest of Italy taken together’. The venom of revolution mingled with the poison of personal vendettas and brought their ferocity to the centre of political life. It was a virus the French would strive to stamp out, but one that would malinger in the subalpine body politic throughout their own rule and long after they had gone. As late as 1813, a substantial landowner of Bene, in southern Piedmont complained of his patriot maire's ‘despotisme et ses actes arbitraires…sans nombre’.
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Серегина, А. Ю. "Thinking of Everyday Life…" Диалог со временем, no. 77(77) (November 29, 2021): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.77.77.031.
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Представлена рецензия на сборник статей «Укрощение повседневности. Нормы и практики Нового времени» (сост. М. Неклюдова). Включенные в него исследования посвящены повседневным социальным практикам Нового времени в России и Европе и их конструированию при помощи нормативной литературы. The author presents a review of the collection of articles under the title “The taming of everyday life. Norms and practices of Modernity” edited by M.S. Nekhlyudova. Studies published in the collection are focused on common social practices in Modern Russia and Western Europe, and the construction of these practices by various texts of instruction.
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Stoletova, Anna S. "Custom and mentality of production societas in the realities of everyday life in the 1960s-80s (An interpretation of archive materials from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 27, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-3-61-70.
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Based on the sources of the Russian State Archive of Modern History, the article describes the establishment and operation of customs in the socio-economic life of the second half of the 20th century, which influence the everyday life, attitude and worldview of the production (industrial) part of Russian societas. The question is raised about the consolidation of new features in consciousness, individualistic tendencies as the basis of the worldview. Attention is focused on the fact that the dissonance in the levels of social differentiation, material wealth and social status formed the basis of the mental separation of the production elite, representatives of management and the working class. The author draws attention to the fact that the phenomena of nepotism, clannishness, favours and thuggery that penetrate into everyday life and the labour sphere of life were especially negatively perceived by the workers. The negative reactions of the workers were reinforced by the realities of life – the deficit, the housing issue as a problem of social arrangement, the outdated wage system. It is noted that the public niches in which customs and traditions were firmly rooted, were to a greater extent connected with topical and acute social processes, including the institutions of power, property and trade. The researcher comes to the conclusion that by the 1980s, due to the passage of the stages of further ideological, social and economic differentiation, the separation of the individual from the working collective, the isolation of the elite and a certain isolation of its ordinary members in the production environment, bourgeois aspirations and ideals of hoarding were growing stronger.
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Apor, Péter. "The Joy of Everyday Life: Microhistory and the History of Everyday Life in the Socialist Dictatorships." East Central Europe 34-35, no. 1-2 (2008): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102009.
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In the last two decades, historians have faced difficult methodological challenges in exploring former party archives in East Central Europe and in reconstructing the political history of communist regimes. A remarkable answer to this challenge has been provided by a new generation of historians who turned their attention to the social history of socialist dictatorships in East Central Europe, and took a peculiar interest in the “small,” the “mundane” and the “insignificant” of everyday life under communism. Their laborious research has focused not on high politics, but on local communities. Their works deconstructed the life-styles, living conditions, fashion and dressing, leisure, tourism and consumption, sexual habits and childcare of ordinary people. The current study provides a historiographic overview of the major thematic and methodological orientations of the history of the everyday life in socialist dictatorships. It focuses on two distinct but overlapping directions of research: the analysis of the daily habitual organization of communist societies; and the communist authorities’ attempt at a micro-politics of everyday life. The study argues that, while the new social history of the socialist dictatorships has greatly added to our understanding of significant aspects of the social and political structure of these countries, it has also constructed a representation of everyday life as essentially impertinent to power. In doing so, it ignored the capacity of habitual social and cultural behavior in producing techniques of control and discipline.
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Ashplant, T. G. "Life Writing "from Below" in Europe: Introduction." European Journal of Life Writing 7 (March 28, 2018): LWFB1—LWFB9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.7.237.
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The term life writing “from below” is intended to be broad (accommodating) in a double sense: as regards the social status of authors, but also the genre of writing. The phrase “from below” draws on an analogy with the now well-established formulation “history from below” (Sharpe; Hitchcock). In the first instance it refers to authors from low down in a class or status hierarchy. Depending on the society and period in focus, such authors may be slaves, serfs, peasants, crofters, landless labourers, artisans, industrial workers … and may be referred to as—or may designate themselves—plebeians, the labouring poor, the common people, the popular classes, artisans, proletarians, the working class. For the early modern period, James Amelang explains his choice of the term “popular autobiography”:
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Herzog, Tamar. "Colonial Law and “Native Customs”: Indigenous Land Rights in Colonial Spanish America." Americas 69, no. 3 (January 2013): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2013.0016.
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Scholars of colonial Spanish America are divided between those who cherish Spaniards for respecting indigenous land rights and those who denounce them for not having done so. For the first group, Spanish respect was enshrined in political and theological debates and in legislation and practice that from the sixteenth century asserted that natives had right to the lands they possessed before Europeans arrived. For the second group, native dispossession was a dominant feature of colonial life. Whatever the theory may have mandated, the balance of power favored non-natives by allowing them access to a wide variety of social, legal, political, economic, and cultural instruments enabling them to control the land.
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Jawad, Saad N. "The history of the watch business in Iraq." Journal of Contemporary Iraq & the Arab World 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00059_1.
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This a socio-historical article about the watch business in Iraq, the families that were involved in it and their contribution to the society. It discusses the introduction of clocks and watches to Iraq, as well as life and behaviour of an important segment of the Iraqi society. It also explains some of the habits, customs and traditions that characterized the Iraqi society during the end of the nineteenth century and the twentieth century, as well as some indicative political events that took place in that country.
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Corti-Georgiou, Camille. "Pioneers of Social Research: A Life Story Interview Collection." Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24523666-00401008.
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The Pioneers of Social Research, 1996–2018 is a rich qualitative collection of life story interviews with over fifty pioneering academics, who are regarded as having played a significant role in developing the practices of social research across key disciplines. The project was directed by Paul Thompson, himself a pioneer of oral history in Europe. The interviewees are essentially British pioneers, all but six born within what was then the British Empire, but they worked worldwide in Europe, Africa, Australasia, the Caribbean, Latin America and the United States. The collection includes full interview transcripts and detailed summaries, YouTube playlists, thematic highlights and associated teaching resources, all openly accessible through the UK Data Service. The following data paper provides an overview of Thompson’s data collection approach, the archiving and publishing of the data materials, and a discussion of the resources available. It also highlights opportunities of this unique research data for future use.
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B, CHINTHU I. "Educational Progress in Travancore: Review on the Role of Travancore Royal Family in Higher Education." GIS Business 14, no. 3 (June 21, 2019): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4668.
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“Education is the basic tool for the development of consciousness and the reconstitution of society” -Mahatma Gandhi.
In Kerala formal and higher education started much earlier than rest of the Indian states. Educational initiatives made the state the most literate one and placed it as well ahead in gender and spatial equity. During the initial phase of educational expansion, education got its prominence for its intrinsic worthiness and played the role of enlightenment and empowerment. Kerala has occupied a prominent place on the educational map of the country from its ancient time. Though there is no clear picture of the educational system that prevailed in the early centuries of the Christian Era, the Tamil works of the Sangam age enable us to get interesting glimpses of the educational scene in Tamilakam including the present Kerala[i]. The standards of literacy and education seem to have been high. The universal education was the main feature of sangam period.
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Evolution and Growth of Cyber Crimes: An Analys on the Kerala Scenario
S S KARTHIK KUMAR
Crime is a common word that we always hereof in this era of globalization. Crimes refer to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. Crime and criminality have been associated with man since time immemorial.
Cyber crime is a new type of crime that occurs in these years of Science and Technology. There are a lot of definitions for cyber crime. It is defined as crimes committed on the internet using the computer as either a tool or a targeted victim. In addition, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes that been conducted with the access of Internet. For example hate crimes, telemarketing Internet fraud, identity theft, and credit card account thefts. In simple word, cyber crime can be defined as any violence action that been conducted by using computer or other devices with the access of internet.
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Myriad Aspects of Secular Thinking on Malayali Cuisine
SAJITHA M
Food is one of the main requirements of human being. It is flattering for the preservation of wellbeing and nourishment of the body. The food of a society exposes its custom, prosperity, status, habits as well as it help to develop a culture. Food is one of the most important social indicators of a society. History of food carries a dynamic character in the socio- economic, political, and cultural realm of a society. The food is one of the obligatory components in our daily life. It occupied an obvious atmosphere for the augmentation of healthy life and anticipation against the diseases. The food also shows a significant character in establishing cultural distinctiveness, and it reflects who we are. Food also reflected as the symbol of individuality, generosity, social status and religious believes etc in a civilized society. Food is not a discriminating aspect. It is the part of a culture, habits, addiction, and identity of a civilization.Food plays a symbolic role in the social activities the world over. It’s a universal sign of hospitality.[i]
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Re-Appraising Taxation in Travancore and It's Caste Interference
REVATHY V S
Travancore , one of the Princely States in British India and later became the Model State in British India carried a significant role in history when analysing its system of taxation. Tax is one of the chief means for acquiring revenue and wealth. In the modern sense, tax means an amount of money imposed by a government on its citizens to run a state or government. But the system of taxation in the Native States of Travancore had an unequal character or discriminatory character and which was bound up with the caste system. In the case of Travancore and its society, the so called caste system brings artificial boundaries in the society.[i]
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Second World War and Its Repercussions: Impetus on Poverty in Travancore
SAFEED R
In the first half of the twentieth century the world witnessed two deadliest wars and it directly or indirectly affected the countries all over the world. The First World War from 1914-1918 and the Second World War from 1939-1945 shooked the base of the socio-economic and political structure of the entire world. When compared to the Second World War, the First World War confined only within the boundaries of Europe and has a minimal effect on the other parts of the world. The Second World War was most destructive in nature and it changed the existing socio-economic and political setup of the world countries.
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Kenney, Padraic. "Peripheral Vision: Social Science and the History of Communist Eastern Europe." Contemporary European History 10, no. 1 (March 2001): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301001096.
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Ivan T. Berend, Central and Eastern Europe 1944–1993: Detour from the Periphery to the Periphery (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 414 pp., $64.95 (hb), ISBN 0-521-55066-1, $24.95 (pb), ISBN 0-521-66352-0. Valerie Bunce, Subversive Institutions: The Design and Destruction of Socialism and the State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 206 pp., $54.95 (hb), ISBN 0-521-58449-3; $19.95 (pb), ISBN 0-521-58592-9. Helena Flam, Mosaic of Fear: Poland and East Germany Before 1989 (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1998; distributed by Columbia University Press, New York), 283 pp., $50.00, ISBN 0-880-33406-1. Leszek Dziegiel, Paradise in a Concrete Cage: Daily Life in Communist Poland – An Ethnologist's View (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Arcana, 1998), 307 pp., ISBN 8-386-22517-3. András Gero and Iván Peto, Unfinished Socialism: Pictures From the Kádár Era (New York and Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999), 250 pp., $29.95, ISBN 9-639-11650-5.
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Mackenbach, Johan P., Yannan Hu, and Caspar W. N. Looman. "Democratization and life expectancy in Europe, 1960–2008." Social Science & Medicine 93 (September 2013): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.010.
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Zhang, Yi Zhong, and Zhao Ru Guo. "From Ideology to Physical Form about the Planning and Design of Luyi Laozi-House." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3348.
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Houses with long history can’t be passed down from generation to generation. The impression of celebrities’houses stems from the analysis of their life tracks and the exploration of living space environment which produces their idea and philosophy. The planning and designing of Laozi-house is a product of the dialectical and reverse thinking. It is not a copy of the house that Laozi lived in, but it reproduces scenes of life and social customs in his days as much as possible. It can also reflect the social and cultural phenomenon in the Spring and Autumn Period.
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Larson, Peter L. "Widow-right in Durham, England (1349–1660)." Continuity and Change 33, no. 2 (August 2018): 173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416018000127.
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AbstractA customary tenant's widow in County Durham had a right to his holdings for her life, and did not forfeit the lands for remarriage or fornication in contrast to customs found elsewhere in England. In this case study of three neighbouring villages, more than 80 per cent of widows with the option exercised this right, and did so consistently over three centuries. The persistence of this pattern indicates that widows as tenants were common and capable of cultivating or managing holdings. It suggests complex interconnections of gender with local social and economic structures, which include marriage, migration, and household formation.
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Smart, Laura S. "Parental Bereavement in Anglo American History." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 28, no. 1 (February 1994): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gxw8-n24m-e9w4-qh7m.
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Contemporary bereaved parents who usually lack prior experience with the death of an infant or young child also lack understanding of how parents reacted in previous centuries when a child died. This article reviews social science writing on parental bereavement in Anglo-American history, concluding that parents as early as the early seventeenth century have left records of their grief. Cultural understanding and customs surrounding death have changed, and around 1800 women began to leave records of their grief in letters and diaries. Emotional expressiveness following infant death was greatest during the nineteenth century, but decreased toward the end of the century and became taboo in the twentieth. Compared to men's, expressions of grief by women and writings directed toward women have been more expressive of emotion. Relatively little has been written about parental bereavement in the early and mid-twentieth century.
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Jurgens, Laura Kathryn. "Understanding Research Methodology: Social History and the Reformation Period in Europe." Religions 12, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12060370.
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This article provides an overview of the social-historical methodology, highlights relevant scholarship on this approach, and offers specific examples of studies on the Reformation period in Europe that use the social-historical method. I begin by explaining how the social-historical methodology, otherwise known as new social history, originated from the historical method. While highlighting key scholarship on this approach, I outline how the social-historical method differs from the historical method. I also present two essential methodological features of social history, including using sources in new, more analytical ways. I conclude by presenting specific examples of how historians of the early modern period, such as Kirsi Stjerna and Merry Wiesner-Hanks, apply the social-historical method in their own studies. This last section focuses on works that explore women’s history, family life, work, and witchcraft, primarily during the Reformation period in Europe. My goal is to provide a resource for emerging young scholars, such as undergraduate students and newly admitted graduate students, who are interested in strengthening their own work by better understanding the social-historical research method and how it is used in the study of history and religion.
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Bohomolets-Barash, Oleksandr. "PECULIARITIES OF VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT EUROPE IN HRYHORII SKOVORODA’S LANGUAGE MODEL OF THE WORLD." Studia Linguistica, no. 18 (2021): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2021.18.39-54.
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The article considers the verbal ways of realization of the concept of EUROPE in Hryhorii Skovoroda’s language model of the world. Various lexical samples of the examined concept were discovered in the works of the outstanding Ukrainian philosopher: e.g. Europe, European, European; numerous names of European countries, cities, their inhabitants; names to denote other geographical phenomena of Europe. Most of these lexical units are found in the author’s philosophical dialogues. During the discussion, their participants show the awareness of realities of Europe at that time, peculiarities of its state system, local customs; history, geography, natural sciences. These fragments of knowledge constitute Hryhorii Skovoroda’s conceptual view of the world and more broadly – educated Ukrainians of the XVIII century. Such marked words instantiate the structural components of the concept of EUROPE: its notional, imaginary, valuative, symbolic, national-cultural and ideal components. Often these lexical units form integral part of comparisons – such as the large group of nouns in the locative case: e.g. in Europe, in England, in Hungary, in Norway, in France, in Rome, in Venice, in Paris, in Florence. Using mentioned words, on the one hand, Ukrainians demonstrate their knowledge about Europe, and on the other hand, compare life “here” and “there” (the paradigm is still relevant nowadays).
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Meirelles, Marcia da Rocha, and Wellington Mendonça de Amorim. "The daily life of students at Alfredo Pinto nursing school (1949 - 1956)." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, no. 6 (December 2008): 1005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000600011.
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AIM: To analyze students' strategies to adapt to the system established by the dean of Alfredo Pinto Nursing School (1949-1956). METHOD: This historical-social study uses the thematic oral history to guide data collection. Sources: students' oral statements related to the period from 1949 to 1956 and written documents from the file of the nurse Maria de Castro Pamphiro at UNIRIO. RESULTS: students immediately faced the challenge of adapting to the school's rules regarding eating, clothing, and all changes presented in their daily life. Discussion: They created, along the course, strategies to cheat on rules, adapt to new customs and make life more enjoyable.
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Gregor, N. "Life after Death: Approaches to a Cultural and Social History of Europe During the 1940s and 1950s." English Historical Review 119, no. 481 (April 1, 2004): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/119.481.475.
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Holzer, Jerzy. "Triumf i kryzys komunizmu – 1968." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 18 (March 30, 2010): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2010.18.03.
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The events of 1968 were, in Europe, the last act of fascination with Communism while, simultaneously, its Soviet model was rejected and other varieties were popular. With the exception of Czechoslovakia, these events were also a generational movement, most of all a student one. The Communist social stipulations were combined with political demands aimed at implementing direct democracy. What was missing in the West, however, was the comprehension of the problems occurring in the Soviet block and a knowledge of the situation in the non-European Communist countries. In the East, on the other hand, what was lacking was a more active interest in Western frustrations. The movements of 1968 suffered a defeat everywhere, though the reasons for this were different.In Western Europe, they were wholly unsupported by organisational structures, while the awareness of the realities of all Communist regimes, which did gradually sink in, evoked disappointment. In the Eastern part of Europe, the crushing of revisionism, which attempted to combine Communism with democracy, pointed the way towards perspectives other than reformed Communism. Despite the defeat, the events of 1968 became an important watershed in the life of Europe, to a large degree transforming society’s awareness and customs in the West, and the political awareness of the generation entering adulthood in the East.
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Kalybekova, M. "PROBLEMS OF THE DESTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE 30 – 50s XX CENTURY." edu.e-history.kz 31, no. 3 (October 20, 2022): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/2710-3994_2022_31_3_212-224.
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Annotation. Violent social experiments, violation of citizens’ rights, excesses in national politics, a refusal to take into account the peculiarities of life, customs, complex economic way of life of indigenous people, deportation to Kazakhstan of one million two hundred seven thousand representatives of various peoples and nationalities, unrest during the development of virgin lands, bureaucracy and Corruption in power structures caused various kinds of social and inter-ethnic conflicts. Careful concealment by the Soviet authorities of information about these events and a strict ban on the study of their history have led to the fact that, to date, there is no comprehensive study on this issue in historiography. The experience of identifying and preventing hotbeds of social and interethnic tension is very relevant for multinational Kazakhstan.
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Gross, Toomas. "Religion andRespeto: The Role and Value of Respect in Social Relations in Rural Oaxaca." Studies in World Christianity 21, no. 2 (August 2015): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2015.0114.
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This paper discusses the relationship between religious affiliation and the ways that the notion of ‘respect’ (respeto) is used in common discourse in rural Oaxaca. Drawing on the ethnographic example of indigenous Zapotec villages in the Sierra Juárez, I examine how Protestants and Catholics employ the term to justify their attitudes towards each other and towards the norms of communal life. Both consider ‘respect’ an important value in social relations, but in significantly different ways. Catholics conceptualise ‘respect’ mainly as a hierarchical value central to which is the villagers' subordination to the authority of customs and communal leaders. For most Protestants, however, respect is a horizontal notion that is associated with freedom of religion and the right of individuals to distance themselves from local traditions without being socially excluded or marginalised. The differences between these two perspectives are reconciled by a mutual acknowledgement of the need to ‘reciprocate’ respect.
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Blackwood, Evelyn. "Representing Women: The Politics of MinangkabauAdatWritings." Journal of Asian Studies 60, no. 1 (February 2001): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659507.
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Despite a large number of both historical and anthropological works on the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, Indonesia, a number of questions remain concerning this matrilineal and Islamic society. In a recent study, historian Ken Young articulated a growing consensus that the received models of Minangkabau social life are suspect, including the “idealised categories ofnagari[village],adat[customs], matrilineal kinship, lineage property rights, and the autonomy of village communities governed bypanghulu[titled men, Minangkabau spelling]” (Young 1994, 12). Anthropologists have been equally perturbed by what they consider to be inconsistencies in Minangkabau life, such as the contradiction between Islamic law and matrilinealadat(customary laws, beliefs, and practices concerning matrilineal kinship and inheritance). The inconsistency that I address in this essay lies in the contradictory representations of elite men's and elite women's power in Minangkabau literature.
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Parushev, Parush. "Witness, Worship and Presence: On the Integrity of Mission in Contemporary Europe." Mission Studies 24, no. 2 (2007): 305–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338307x234905.
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AbstractLike Bernard, Bulgarian academic and missionary Parush Parushev names some of the way forward for missionary engagement in contemporary Europe, particularly in those countries formerly dominated by the Soviet Union. Parushev argues that the integrity of Christian mission is ensured by a holistic approach which witnesses to God's transforming presence in one's life, in pastoral assistance for the down and out, and, in enduring social commitment to challenging, and redeeming those aspects of societal life not in harmony with gospel values.
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Lynch, Katherine A. "Social Provisions and the Life of Civil Society in Europe: Rethinking Public and Private." Journal of Urban History 36, no. 3 (February 3, 2010): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144209359140.
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Castelluccia, Manuel. "The Militarization of a Society: The Example of Transcaucasia in the Early Iron Age." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 23, no. 1 (July 13, 2017): 91–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341311.
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The aim of the present paper is to analyze the particular political and social process which began in the lands south of the main Caucasus range at the end of the Late Bronze Age and continued and strengthened during the following Iron Age. This process was characterized by the marked militarization of the society, which involved many related aspects, not just the political system but also social life and organization. The following pages will be dedicated to an analysis of some well-defined aspects, such as the organization of the human landscape, architecture, funerary customs, arts, politics and economy. Emphasis will be placed on how these were affected by this process of militarization and the main features of the latter will be described.
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Akopyants, A. S. "Siberia in journalism, memoirs and letters of exiled social-democrats." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 5 (May 18, 2022): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-5-3-9.
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The article reveals the significance of memoirs, letters, and journalism of exiled Social Democrats for studying the history of Siberia in the late XIX - early XX centuries. They contain important information about the living conditions, ethnography, economic development, occupations of the population, its customs and way of life, nature and ecology of places of exile and settlement, which complement special studies on this issue. Analysis of the few surviving documents and journalism shows that staying in Siberia, despite the difficult conditions, aroused great interest in its present and future. The vast expanses, natural resources and the nature of Siberia undoubtedly influenced the formation of the exiled Social-democrats, many of whom would later become leaders of the Soviet state, a more capacious and in-depth idea of Russia.
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Hanfi, Muneer Ahmed. "پہوالی آزموندہ غا تا ادبی حیثیت." Al-Burz 5, no. 1 (December 10, 2013): 10–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v5i1.162.
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This research article discusses the importance of indigenous literature as a source of ancient Brahui history. The word "Pehvaali zind" in Brahui language describes a live hood of nomadic. Pehvaali zind is perfect in every dimension although no evidence of educational institute is found. A word Azmonda is used for such action which causes customs, or reflects tradition. Proverbs, riddles, Quotations and idioms shows the experiences and intellects of nomadic life. These all are have their social values and literary importance.
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Wang, Ruijing. "Good Baby, Good Life." European Journal of East Asian Studies 20, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 107–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-20211017.
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Abstract This article explores the question of ‘a good life’ through a daily-life perspective. It focuses on a case regarding the abolition of infanticide, through which the relations and interactions between the socialist state and ethnic minorities of southwest China are examined. By elaborating how an Akha custom (infanticide) that guarantees communal goodness/purity was abolished, the research reveals three competing or collaborating notions of ‘good life’, where the Akha’s cosmological ‘good life’ is partly reformed to obey state law and to meet its members’ personal desires. This is an unusual case in that the ethnic cultural authorities from a small, politically marginalised, frontier-dwelling and egalitarian group in southwest China do not ‘resist’ or ‘collaborate with’ the state in the expected way. Instead, they draw on state power to oppose their own customs. With such a unique case, the research helps to diversify our understandings of state–society relations in southwest China.
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Tacchi, Francesca. "L'Europa del dopoguerra e la sua storiografia." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 78 (October 2009): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2009-078009.
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- Postwar Europe and its historiography analyzes Tony Judt's Postwar. A History of Europe since 1945 (2005). The book marks an important methodological shift away from a predominantly political historiography of the very recent past. Judt challenges the accepted master narratives through his emphasis on the social changes that characterized the life styles of the successive generations.Key words: Tony Judt, Europe, Post Second World War.Parole chiave: Tony Judt, Europa, secondo dopoguerra.
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Ishmuradovich, Utkir Normuminov. "LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF FOLK PROVERBS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES AND PHRASEOLOGY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 03, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-03-05-21.
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The phraseological fund of the language is a valuable source of information on the culture and mentality of the people. Phraseologisms refer to the myths, customs, narrations, customs, traditions, spirituality, morals, etc. of a particular people. will be concentrated. The fact that language is a social phenomenon, as the most convenient and active means of communication, should also serve to regulate and develop the existing connections between members of society. The value and importance of the study of language only increases when it is directly related to life. No one can deny that people talked and socialized before the recording. In the same vein, before oral literature, folklore existed and has survived to the present day. Proverbs have a special place and significance as one of the examples of folklore. The proverbs combine the life experiences of the ancestors, their attitude to society, history, mood, ethical and aesthetic feelings, and positive qualities. Over the centuries, it has been polished among the people and has taken a concise and simple poetic form. As an example of folklore, proverbs are very rich in subject matter.
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LEE, ROBERT. "Customs in Conflict: Some Causes of Anti-Clericalism in Rural Norfolk, 1815–1914." Rural History 14, no. 2 (September 16, 2003): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793303001031.
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This article examines aspects of the relationship between the Norfolk poor and the Norfolk clergy between 1815 and 1914. It considers the potential impact clergymen could have upon a number of areas of secular life, especially with regard to the extirpation of popular culture and custom, the social and moral management inherent in charity and Poor Law administration, and the development of ‘power networks’ in the countryside that confronted the challenge posed by religious Nonconformity and political radicalism. The article is principally concerned with the importance of the Church of England as an instrument of secular authority in nineteenth-century rural life. Rival social structures and conflicting economic interests are subjected to both quantitative and qualitative analysis, while keys to cultural tension are sought in such iconic areas as the pageantry of parish entertainments; the re-casting of law to act against custom; the rise of the clergyman as antiquarian historian and amateur archaeologist; the symbolism and architecture of the restored church. In so doing an attempt is made to address questions that are at once broadly political and narrowly human in their scope. What did the Oxbridge scholar – perhaps having spent the preceding three years conversing in Greek and Latin with his peers – find to ‘say’ to the agricultural labourers now in his pastoral care? And why, when the clergyman (often justifiably) thought of himself as working unstintingly in his parishioners' interests, was he so often heartily despised by them?