Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Europe – Récits de voyages – 18e siècle'
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Angoua, Adjé Séverin. "Civilisation des peuples du pays Assôkô à travers les sources orales et les récits de voyage européens de la fin du XVIIe siècle au début du XVIIIe siècle." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3023.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the social, economic, cultural, economic, and political background of the Eotilé and Essaouma, peoples of the Assôkô country at the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th. It presents a critical examination of european travel literature describing Issiny, comparing it against accounts preserved in Assôkô oral tradition. A closer sense of the historical reality of the civilization of Assôkô is gained by highlighting and interpreting the similitaries and discrepancies between these two types of sources. The discussion of the latter takes into account the possibility that these divergences could have resulted from european misperceptions of the cultural reality as well as from mutations that occured throughout time in the cultural memory of cotilé and essouma tradition bearers. By cross-examining these two sources types, this dissertation analyses the social and cultural principles behind the settlement and cultural development of the territory of peoples of Assôkô. It describes an open economy founded on specialized economic products that places much importance on trade between the peoples of this region. The political structure of these populaces is monarchical and organized around two councils : one royal, the other of local elders or of militia led by the Efraon. These councils illustrate the collective management of the affairs of the kingdom and the separation of political and military power in the monarchical system of the peoples of Assôkô
Rege, Adeline. "Les voyages en Europe de l’architecte Simon-Louis Du Ry : Suède, France, Hollande, Italie (1746-1777)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040173.
Full textFrom 1746 to 1756, Simon-Louis du Ry, the German architect with Huguenot roots, traveled to Sweden, Holland, France, and Italy to learn a trade. He returned to Italy from 1776 to 1777. During his travels, Simon-Louis du Ry maintained an intense correspondence with his family. He kept a diary of his second trip to Italy and these manuscripts are a very valuable source for the history of the mobility of artists in the Modern era. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and edit Simon-Louis Du Ry’s travel writings. We consider travel an individual experience which is limited by material and social issues, and a way of understanding the world, others, knowledge and oneself. Our challenge is to take account of the traveler as a person, but also of the environment in which he organizes his travels. After describing these journeys (including routes, transport and accommodation, and traveler’s activities), we compare them with the travel patterns in vogue at that time: the Grand Tour, the scholar’s travel, and the artist’s travel. We aim to explore how Simon-Louis Du Ry has described his travels and the influence that his journeys have had, not only on his architectural career, but also on his cultural background, i.e. the landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel during the Enlightenment. The critical examination of Du Ry’s travel books that we offer is accompanied by a critical apparatus consisting of notes and of three indexes: geographical names, biographical names, and subjects
Delmas, Adrien. "Les voyages du récit : culture écrite et expansion européenne à l'époque moderne : le cas de la Compagnie hollandaise des Indes orientales." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0127.
Full textThe commercial and colonial companies responsible for the world's opening up from the 161h century onwards have played a part, alongside other institutions such as the Church or the State, in the transformations of the relations to the written ward as they have been established since the beginning of modernity. In order to understand these connections between the history of written culture and the history of European expansion in early modem limes several explorations have been conducted around the Verenigde Oosllndische Compagnie (VOC), the Dutch East India Company, founded in 1602. By the turn of the 171h century, while the Iberian monopoly on trade with the Indies was ending, written documents -be they geographical maps, logbooks or descriptions and histories of non-European countries -acquired a major political dimension, so much 50 that they became guarantors of overseas appropriation. But the desire to control information and knowledge concerning the non• European worlds rapidly brought about conflicts between the VOC and the printing world and urged the Company to intervene, on several occasions, in order to prevent the publication of anything touching upon its reserved domain, from the Cape of Good Hope to the Strait of Magellan. Meanwhile, the Company was intent on setting up its own writing system for the sailing of its ships and long-distance administration of its possessions. Considering this strict and secret writing system, the sole will to knowledge, from the standpoint of which the countless writings produced by modem European overseas expansion have too often been read, hardly had a place
Rege, Adeline. "Les voyages en Europe de l’architecte Simon-Louis Du Ry : Suède, France, Hollande, Italie (1746-1777)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040173.
Full textFrom 1746 to 1756, Simon-Louis du Ry, the German architect with Huguenot roots, traveled to Sweden, Holland, France, and Italy to learn a trade. He returned to Italy from 1776 to 1777. During his travels, Simon-Louis du Ry maintained an intense correspondence with his family. He kept a diary of his second trip to Italy and these manuscripts are a very valuable source for the history of the mobility of artists in the Modern era. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and edit Simon-Louis Du Ry’s travel writings. We consider travel an individual experience which is limited by material and social issues, and a way of understanding the world, others, knowledge and oneself. Our challenge is to take account of the traveler as a person, but also of the environment in which he organizes his travels. After describing these journeys (including routes, transport and accommodation, and traveler’s activities), we compare them with the travel patterns in vogue at that time: the Grand Tour, the scholar’s travel, and the artist’s travel. We aim to explore how Simon-Louis Du Ry has described his travels and the influence that his journeys have had, not only on his architectural career, but also on his cultural background, i.e. the landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel during the Enlightenment. The critical examination of Du Ry’s travel books that we offer is accompanied by a critical apparatus consisting of notes and of three indexes: geographical names, biographical names, and subjects
Martinez, Carolina. ""Mondes parfaits et étrangers dans les confins de l'orbis terrarum : utopie, expansion transocéanique et altérité (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles")." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070097.
Full textThe present doctoral thesis aims to understand the developement of the utopian genre in early modern Europe by making special emphasis on its relationship with the process of overseas expansion (that begins in the XVIth century but develops further in the following century), the outbreak of the Reformation and progressive radicalization of religious dissidence, as well as with the transformations in terms of knowledge that gave birth to unprecedented manifestations in european thought. To this end, a set of utopian travel accounts published in French, both in France and in the United Provinces, which circulated in Europe from the early seventeenth century to the early eighteenth century, have been analyzed in terms of three major themes: the religious question, the question of the "other" and the question of space (or the horizon of overseas expansion). Given these three issues, we propose as a general hypothesis that the features acquired by the utopian genre published in French in the seventeenth century, account for the political-religious situation experienced by France in this period, as well as for the place occupied by the French monarchy and the United Provinces in the overseas competition developed around the same time. The expansionist ambitions of the former and the commercial and intellectual prevalence of the latter can be traced in utopian travel accounts, which were written in the centers of culture and trade but were located in the margins of the known world
Tork, Ladani Safoura. "La Perse dans les récits de voyages français aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Limoges, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIMO2008.
Full textElfagui, Nasser. "Images de la Tripolitaine à travers les écrits des voyageurs musulmans et européens aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040310.
Full textBerenger, Yves. "Voyages, voyageurs et récits imprimés de voyages français dans le Nord scandinave au dix-septième et dix-huitième siècle." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040202.
Full textThis thesis presents in its first part 42 French travellers coming from different social spheres, endowed with various educating levels, who travelled in the Scandinavian countries during the 17th and 18th centuries. They have left printed traces of their travels that were done for different purposes such as diplomacy, business, religion, tourism and, particularly in the 18th century, sciences. Influenced by the spirit of the great discovery travels, minded-educated and motivated by the growing teaching of geography, even practised at the highest levels of the kingdom, these travellers describe their itinerary, their way of living, the people they met, the diplomatic circles, the landscapes, the climate, the languages they spoke, the culture and leisure life, the importance of the Sund strait, and also the typically exotic matter of the time, Lapland that some travellers visited. The travellers came back home, feeling themselves like "citizens of the world". The thesis describes also how these relations were written, then printed, quotes which works were translated and how many editions they got, and brings an undeniable contribution to the history of travel literature. The second part gives for each traveller some biographical data, the list of his works and the different French and foreign bibliographical comments that the publication brought about. Finally more than a thousand archives and bibliographical data and 15 attached documents complete and finish off the thesis
Yang, Yan-Bin. "Les récits de voyages et le développement des sciences de la vie en France au XVIIIe siècle : l'exemple des "nègres blancs"." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0098.
Full textDuring the XVIIIth century the existence of so-called "white negroes" roused the curiosity of scientists. Most of their sources came from travelogues in which the strange phenomenon of "white" children born of black parents was first mentioned. Scientists tried to formulate their own theories about the causes of albinoism, based on these accounts which were very difficult to prove. One such theory held that albinos were a white race living in the centre of Africa. Another saw albinoism as an illness. Other theories claimed it was a side-effect of leprosy or even resulting from a flaw in the sperm of some black-people. In spite of these conflicting opinions, which appear ridiculous today, the scientists of the enlightenment began the study of the phenomenon of heredity
Marcil, Yasmine. "Récits de voyage et presse périodique au XVIIIe siècle, de l'extrait à la critique." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0029.
Full textBernard, Nathalie. "La représentation du voyageur dans le récit de voyage britannique (1754-1788) : de la subjectivité masquée à la subjectivité assumée." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10076.
Full textMichou, Vassiliki. "L' image de la Grèce "moderne" dans les récits des voyageurs français à l'aube des Lumières." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040011.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral work is to depict an image of “modern” Greece. We study the accounts by the French travellers who visited the East at the dawn of the Enlightenment (1665 – 1750). An analysis of the travels accounts allows us to observe the direct link existing between this literature and the cultural evolution of the French society. The political ambitions of France in the Orient and the diplomatic agreements established with the Sultan, such as the Capitulations that grant to the French important privileges, all these factors encourage several travellers to wander the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, and to visit Greece- then part of the Ottoman Empire. Though conceived as reference texts, the travel accounts speak of the authors themselves, of their personal history, of their erudition. An analysis of the various intertextual practices that can be found in these texts confirm their subjective nature. Often written in the first person, they are the personal achievements of the travellers, actors, authors and narrators. Acute or myopic observers as they may be, the travellers visit the Greek territory reporting information of paramount value for a sociological analysis of the life of the Greek people. The political administration and economy of the Empire is observed, as well as the commercial exchanges and the taxation system. Several aspects and episodes of the Greek reality capture the interest of the visitors. The people's activities, the orthodox Church and its ministers, the rites and the ceremonies, the songs and dances, the myths and superstitions, the customs of the locals, their domiciles and their language, all this is studied and offers us an clear vision. The vision of “modern” Greece by the French travellers in this dawn of the Enlightenment
Cabrera, Delgadillo Adriana. "Aspects mythiques et historiques des récits de voyage sur l'Amazone entre le XVIIe et le XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040112.
Full textThrough the narratives of French travelers in the Amazon region, a mythical world reappears, inspired by a collective cultural heritage. One century after the discovery of the Amazon region, the French travelers and chroniclers offer their visions of the Spanish and Portuguese conquests. Thus, they expose the resurrection of two principal myths that they associate with the exploration of the Amazon: the Amazones, women warriors, and El Dorado. Superimposing the travelers' narratives and their recourse to myths allows us to realize their classical predispositions and their desire to encourage the exploration with an imaginary lure. Constrained to apply their own realities to the unknown, the chroniclers transform the objective realities into imagination. This text addresses the imagination that arises from the confrontation between the unknown and the cultural background of the travelers in the Amazon region. The link between myth and reality is dissolved. It is progressively substituted, initially by a demystifying scientific approach, and then by romanticism in the form of an exalted attitude towards the other which marks the beginning of the era of Enlightenment
Eche, Antoine. "Le Récit de voyage britannique en France : 1688-1789 : images et procédés d'écriture." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR2024.
Full textKovács, Eszter. "Le voyage dans la pensée de Diderot : sa fonction et sa critique dans la fiction, dans le récit de voyage et dans le discours philosophique et politique." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSF0044.
Full textDiderot is the most sedentary among the French Philosophes: he refuses travelling except his only trip to Holland and to the Russian capital of Catherine II in 1773-1774. His views about travels and travel literature are the opposite of the enthousiasm of the eighteenth century. He does not trust travel accounts about faraway societies and recently discovered areas and claims that travelling is rarely useful in a young man’s education. Travel accounts should be severely supervised and compared to each other to fight prejudice, errors and deliberate lies. Diderot does not believe in the educational use of travelling without special conditions and an appropriate preparation. Despite this critical position and refusal, an attentive reading of his writings from early fiction to mature political thought shows a great interest in the role of travel in modern history and philosophy. Diderot accepts that travel accounts are indispensible sources of political, social, religious and anthropological information
Aguiar, de Freitas Inès. "Pour une histoire naturelle de la géographie. Les voyageurs-naturalistes français au Brésil au siècle des Lumières." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040098.
Full textThe fundamental aim of this thesis is to show that the modern geography find its roots in the natural history, in the 18th century. In order to prove it we took as example the French scientists travelers in Brazil during this time. The work of these teams of scientists, collectors, and illustrators displayed three features of decisive significance for the formation of geography as a distinctly modern, avowedly "objective" science: a concern for realism in description, for a systematic classification in collection, and for the comparative method in explanation. But the scientific project represented by naturalist's travels may not have seen as simple as that: naturalists didn't confine themselves to plants and animals. They also took a keen interest in peoples. And the extension of these scientific methods of observation, classification and comparison to peoples and societies had made the modern geography's subject possible. A new geography was born
Manca, Tania. "Voyages européens en Afrique Subsaharienne (XVIIIe et XIXe siècles) : poétique d'un genre, variantes et évolutions d'un discours : François Le Vaillant, Carlo Piaggia et Mary Kingsley." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040116.
Full textThis research is aimed by the project of defining the poetic of the literary genre of travel account, between the end of eighteenth century and the end of nineteenth century. This work stands at the crossing between literature, anthropology and history of ideas. It shows the existence of travel discourses on Subsaharian Africa, which inscribes against the stream in relation to the majority of the other discourses produced and diffused in Europe during the analysed period. This thesis is focused on the different phases of writing, publication and reception of François Le Vaillant, Carlo Piaggia and Mary Kingsley's works. Coming from different European countries, according to their pluridisciplinary formation, these tree travellers' works represent a subject of research which proves extremely pertinent in a interdisciplinary analysis, and which underlines a new approach of a kind of discourse often neglected
Struck, Bernhard. "Nicht West - nicht Ost." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010685.
Full textShagaf, Soliman. "La perception de l'Egypte dans les récits de voyageurs français de 1783 à 1869." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040087.
Full textTravel in Egypt is an old dream shared by travellers since the beginning of the XVIIIth century and encouraged by philosophical and political writtings. Volney and Potocki, sons of the Enlightenment, travel in the East to check the truthfulness of their readings and to pave the way to european spreads. In the nineteenth century, a few Romantics like Chateaubriand and Nerval travel to discover this mythic Orient, where recollections of civilisation and history mingle with a quest of identity. As for Fromentin, who comes from the pictural art, he attempts to reveal with his nib and paintbrush, the light and the colours of this Orient. Do these writers-voyagers research the mythic Orient or their own identity?
Sabbagh-Soëte, Nadia. "La représentation de la femme orientale dans les récits de voyage au Levant publiés en langue française (1661-1735)." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN1666.
Full textRepresenting the oriental woman in the Levant in the books of travel published in French between 1661 and 1735 made the Oriental woman seen under points of view that the later Literature could not have an inkling, in the texts inspired from these travel books. About these oriental women, the travelers knew how to pick up a very huge documentary matter in the Levant. They also gave a direct witness to what they saw : so it’s necessary to study their accounts for themselves, instead of reading them as the matter of literary and fictive books. The way of the travelers minded women also suggests an esthetic reading. Telling about oriental women has an influence on discursive forms and also made the travelers alive to the oriental Poetics. This thesis would like to demonstrate that having observed oriental women gave an impetus to the way of thinking the political and moral Orient as a possible mirror for the Occident
Parisot, Richard. "Le récit de voyage de Johann Georg Fisch : un élève-prédicant suisse dans le midi à la veille de la Révolution française." Besançon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BESA1018.
Full textThis study is devoted to the travel journal of the german-speaking swiss, Johann Georg Fisch, briefe uber die sudlichen provinzen von frankreich, published in 1790, following a stay in the languedoc and in provence which lasted from 1786 to 1788, on the eve of the french revolution. The study attempts to fill a gap - since this work, which has never been translated into french, has not been the subject of any specific detailed research - and to show that fisch is very much within the tradition of foreign travellers, bringing to france all the preconceived ideas of a swiss preacher and man of the enlightenment. While preferring swiss freedom to french despotism, he nevertheless does sometimes come under the charm of the country and its inhabitants, and although he indulges in fierce criticism of the institutions and excessive displays of catholic piety and certain customs, he depicts with interest, and great attention to detail, the countryside, the people, farm work and the factories. His originality lies m the way he presents the cevennes, which at that time had been little explored by foreigners, in his description of the industrial enclaves and in the ideal portrait which he paints of protestants as zealous and industrious at all levels of society. Some obscure parts of the journal seem to point to the fact that Fisch's travels were perhaps financed by a swiss economic society and that the work might be a report on the state of france. The author does, however, introduce some personal touches: whereas the section on provence corresponds to the obligatory itineraries of the travellers, his vision of the Languedoc, still very much under the influence of baroque or classicism, manages to break free from this yoke, when fisch, unable to refer to the accounts of previous travellers, gives way to almost pre-romantic sentiment, musing on the passage of time while amongst the ruins or, from a mountain top in the cevennes, pondering the mystery of infinite spaces
Sommerlat, Anne. "Le duché de Courlande et l'Aufklärung dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle : interactions et représentations." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20062.
Full textOwing to its localization at the periphery of Poland, Russian and the Holy Roman Empire, the function of the duchy of Courland in the second part of the 18th century was more important than its real political and economic signification, on the one hand because the Aufklärer saw it as a place where one could strive for putting the ideas of Enlightenment to the test, and try to exercice a cultural influence, and on the other hand because the journalists, travellers and writers considered it as an observation post of their epoch. Its functioning allows to look into some of the main questions of the time of the Spätaufklärung. Several types of inner and outer interactions between different constellations of actors can be registered, including especially duke Peter Biron (1724-1800), the courlandic nobility, protestant German-speaking intellectual circles, the latvian population, and european courts
Marty, Michel. "Voyager en Pologne durant la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle : le domaine français de la littérature des voyages." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040238.
Full textGirault-Fruet, Arlette. "La topique de l'île dans les récits de voyages anciens sur la route française des Indes, notamment aux Mascareignes, aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles." La Réunion, 2009. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/09_07_fruet.pdf.
Full textEarly modern travel narratives endlessly put to the fore recurring narrative or descriptive configurations. The “Topic of the island” - that is, the whole system of commonplaces or topoï consistently and predictably present in these texts - neither determines perceptive or cognitive uniformity, nor prompts the reader's boredom, despite the lasting prejudice that it does so. In truth, a commonplace is a joint treasure, which each traveller appropriates by modifying any of its constitutive topical elements. The island thus described is “never quite the same, nor someone else”. This study of the “Topic of the island” demonstrates that insular representations partly relate to utopia, that referential reality is progressively invested with cultural meanings through the successive and various uses of topoï, and that these commonplaces are flexible material – they sometimes degrade into legendary, but they rarely disappear
Ahmadomar, Mohsen. "Les voyageurs français au Kurdistan XVIIe, XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030107.
Full textThe travel's acount is the production of the sensibility and the preoccupation of man and his civilisation. At the begining, the aim of travelling towards orient was the holly-land and the country of mongols discoverd by marco polo who gave the first classical western travel's account. With the renaissance and during the following centuries, by their material and socio-political evolution. Europ, particularly france, knew a true age of travelling (golden age). Since the end of sixteenth century to the end of nineteenth century, period when travelling to orient lost its vivacity, kurdistan, being the essentiel party of asia-minor, had been visited by a big number of travellers. During this long period, we have a rich and divers corpus, around thirty two travel's account. Kurdistan, the kurdish man and society had been seen and descripted in different manners : aspect of towns and villages, socio-political organization, the principauty and the political events of nineteenth century, tax, product and commerce, physical and psychological protrait of kurdish man and women, their costumes, their customs, their religion etc. The french travelle's who had visited kurdistan in seventeenth and nineteenth century are : sieur cesar lambert, sr. Poullet, philipe avril, volney, etc. But, the nineteenth century possess the travelle's account were rich realised by travellers like : jaubert, texier, drouville, binder, mers. Chantre, etc
Morvan, Hugues. "L'Autriche vue à travers la "Relation de Voyage" de Friedrich Nicolai (1781-1785)." Metz, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1985/Morban.Hugues.LMZ8502.pdf.
Full textBernard, Marie-Monique. "Le voyage : réalité et fiction dans la première moitié du VXIIIème siècle." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040281.
Full textBai, Zhi Min. "L'image de l'empire de Chine sous la plume des voyageurs français des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20011.
Full textNaji, Constance. "La Sauvage Laideur dans les Récits de Voyage des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30002.
Full textAn incredible literary success, the « Relations de Voyages » of the XVII and XVIII centuries have long imposed the mythical character of the Noble Savage. But behind this figure is his shadowy twin, an haunting presence in both text and imagery : the Ugliness of the Wildness. Indeed the native populations add to the curiosities of Nature with their own singularities. With the absence of a camera, the traveller must seize this otherness, this wild body with words, depicting all its physical, intellectual, moral expressions. However considering it through the Judaeo Christian imagination, the main visual reference that he shares with his reader, the author paints a picture of the body of the Other, the Devil. Mingling thus ancestral fears with contemporarian angst, the Wild Ugliness reveals the dark side of the Enlightenment ; but it equally illustrates by anticipation certain European political practices at the same time as a new imaginary born out of the new scientific developpements
Massiani, Jean-Stéphane. "Du parcours au discours : étude des journaux de James Cook." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10112.
Full textFourès-Legrand, Gaëlle. "L'écriture maritime dans les "Journaux" et "Relations d'un voyage aux Indes orientales" de 1690-1691 de Robert Challe, Pouchot de Chantassin, P. Lenfant, le Père Charmot, le Père Tachard et Du Quesne-Guitton." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES1004.
Full textA crucial and hitherto unpublished insider’s account of the living conditions of seafarers in te late l7 century, the diaries and relations of a travel in East India in 1690 offer a wealth of information and resources on the subject. Young officer Robert Challe, navy guards Pouchot de Chantassin and Lenfant, Father Charmot — member of les Missions Etrangères (Foreign Missions) — and a Jesuit priest, Father Tachard give us a realistic description of everyday life on the first French watercraft armed for the East India Company (the Compagnie des Indes Orientales) and Louis XIV. Seafaring, battles, storms, political strife and trade wars, together with the discovery of an exotic world “discovered” for the first time, make up the thread of te narrative. Later, in an account dated 1721, however, the ageing Challe’s narrative style is found to have evolved into novel-writing. This specific study of maritime writing thus shows once more the ambiguity of any travel narrative
Ravit, Marie-Joëlle. "Voyageurs britanniques en France et en Italie dans la seconde moitié du dix-huitième siècle : Tobias Smollett et Laurence Sterne." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040068.
Full textOne of Sterne’s remarks has enabled readers to contrast The Sentimental journey (1768) with Smollett's travel book, Travels through France and Italy (1766), from the day the novel was published. They obviously differ through their literary forms. However, works of fiction as well as ideas expressed in letters or other non-fiction works by the authors and by their contemporaries, enable us to find clues to the questions they raised and the certainties they felt they could depend upon. This study therefore makes use of those two kinds of data to anchor the works in a period when economic evolution and its attendant social changes kindled both hopes and anxieties in the minds of observers, especially in England. The reactions of the authors and their contemporaries tend to show such signs of ambiguity and hesitancy as can be expected in a period of upheavals. Travel literature in the eighteenth century was immensely popular with the reading public. Although France and the Italian states had often been described, interest in these subjects did not wane, especially as, in the case of France, the period was one of commercial rivalry, often leading to military conflict. Yet, in spite of the many common points they share, the two authors differ as to their aims, messages and stylistic choices. Smollett writes an interesting, entertaining and useful travel book meant mainly for British readers, while Sterne favors the human aspect and thus the more universal condition that he finds in foreign lands and people
Guerin, Olivia. "Nomination et catégorisation des realia exotiques dans les récits de voyage (Afrique noire, de la fin du 18e siècle à 1960) : une approche sémantico-discursive." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030085/document.
Full textThe present study explores how reference is constructed in the discursive genre specifiedas travel narrative. A hallmark of the genre is a common posture towards the production of thetext where enunciator-travellers are placed in an asymmetric context between language and cultureand have to give an account of realia (natural species, artefacts, social practices) which are not systematically lexicalized in their own languages or for which they do not have naming competence. They thus tend to present referencing as problematic. In order to describe how incontext enunciators manage to reference “against all odds”, the present dissertation analysesnaming and categorization procedures of exotic realia in a corpus of travel accounts by Frenchtravellers to Black Africa in the colonial period. A discursive semantics is set up based on thepatterning of the three orders, language, textuality and discourse. The present work first builds upa typology of naming patterns implemented in the corpus and is able to show that discursivepractices concerned with naming rest on the language as a system. This first referencing procedureis followed by sequential operations to delimit categories; textual constraints on this secondprocedure are shown up. There follows the analysis of the discursive effects that result from theuse of such linguistic resources and this is done through articulation with the generic dimensionand the enunciative and ideological stances. Finally the analytic tools that have been devised areapplied to the characterization of specific discursive processes in two contrasting texts from thecorpus
Vignon, Daphné. "Mythologies, fictions, modèles : les récits du politique : un itinéraire de la France classique à l'Allemagne romantique." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2040.
Full textThe narrative of politics cannot be reduced to a stratagem allowing the power to "tell stories", in a more or less skilful way, for utilitarian, propagandist or, perhaps more nobly, educational purposes. As a narrative, it has a constitutive dimension that must be understood in the full sense of a constitution that is all the more difficult to grasp because the power of the narrative only holds as much as it is accepted as a narrative. More than an exegesis of functional myths whose powers would claim to establish their authority, this work is an attempt to understand the narrative matrices from which France and then Germany forged the idea of a state and then the idea of a nation between the 17th and 18th centuries. The field of study, entirely European, is therefore a Western itinerary - the West that invented universality and rationality as much as identity and the triumphant individual. Time and space are the dimensions that political narratives explore in a privileged way. Whether it is a question of attesting to the heritage of the French monarchy or of founding the origin of a still fragmented Germany. Whether it is necessary to establish the centralized administration of the kingdom or to define the territory of an empire which still virtual in many ways. In all cases, legitimation seeks to be authoritative and to give meaning. It aims to hold together heterogeneous elements to achieve cohesion. The definition of these units and their reciprocal articulation are the very fabric of the narrative effort of power, justifying the distance that separates classicism and romanticism as much as their strange kinship. The corresponding models embark in their wake not only aesthetic, but also epistemological, legal or ethical concerns, essential to the framing of a community, that distant background of politics
Kuo, Sheng-Lung. "La meilleure ennemie de la France : Guides, récits de voyage outre-Manche et considérations sur l'Angleterre pendant la monarchie de Juillet." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC197.
Full textThe most Anglophile French king, Louis-Philippe (1830-1848), commences his rule inan Anglomaniac atmosphere. Throughout his reign though, several conflicts opposing Parisand London are the cause of an unfolding Anglophobic spirit. Starting off from these three feelings that are both distinct and interdependent, and in the perspective of the main contemporary trends like romanticism, nationalism and socialism, this thesis aims at studyingthe various representations of England during the July Monarchy. A study of the evolving Franco-British relationship from the Age of Enlightenment until the fall of the last Frenchking, is the background to this work: it helps understanding the judgment that the French exercised on their English neighbors during this period. Guidebooks published during the“King of the French” regime and writings from French travelers who expand on their discoveries and experiences of the English life within a “commercial and industrial England”,are then an object of analysis. A final aspect of this study focuses on their considerations with respect to the social state of this “industrial England”, in a context when France is pursuing apath of industrialization. Those diverse images about Great Britain extracted from French travelers’ publications are all pointing to the true motive of their stay across the Channel: a circumspect study of England that can be used to educate their own country, France, or eventhe whole world
Câltia, Simon Nicolae. "Villes et villages dans les Pays Roumains? : (XVIIe - XVIIIe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0127.
Full textThe aim of our research is to see if between 17th and 18th centuries, the major human settlements from Walachia and Moldavia have urban or rural characteristics. Our hypothesis is that during this period, we have towns in both countries. Using the methods of economical history and historical demography, the paper proves clearly that there are towns in the Romanian Countries during the analysed period, and these must be placed in small town category. On the other hand, the analysis of the texts offered by foreign travellers, allowed us to see how misinterpreting of historical sources led the historians to wrong conclusions. Also our thesis offers to Romanian historians an analyzing model of urban phenomenon from Romanian Countries during the 17th and 18th centuries
Besson, Grégoire. "Le temps du voyage : rythmes et perception du temps dans les pratiques du voyages en Europe entre Lumières et romantisme (1750-1850)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH026.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the articulation between time and mobility in the context of the more or less brutal evolutions that Europe underwent between the middle of the 18th and the 19th centuries. The study is based on the analysis of travels, more precisely on the examination of emotions and perceptions felt by a hundred travellers of different nationalities and social conditions across Europe. In the context of the industrialisation of the old world, which is leading to a profound change in societies and in particular in social times, we propose an archaeology of the modern temporalities of travel. After having overcome the obstacles of self-writing in the travel narrative to understand as closely as possible the emotions experienced by travellers, it will be necessary to study the evolution of travel frameworks : the transport. From the horse-drawn carriage to the steam revolution from the 1830s onwards, the speed of travel increased considerably in a few decades. In conjunction with the evolution of aesthetic and philosophical conceptions, such as the transition from the Enlightenment to Romanticism, the perception of the environment and landscapes brings new emotions to travellers. As the use of travel guides is almost systematic, the study of these books highlights viatical temporal models and their mutations, in parallel with travel practices that tend towards modern tourism. All these political, technical, cultural and social developments led to a modernisation of Europe between the mid-18th and mid-19th centuries. This modernization is characterized in particular by an evolution of social temporalities, including the more specific temporalities of travel, towards more precision, rationalization and an increased awareness of time
Chateau, Jérémy. "Représentations de l'homme immobile : inaction et réclusion dans la littérature occidentale des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30025.
Full textBetween the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European literature fundamentally redefines its relation to travel writing: notions of apprenticeship and formation, as they appear during the age of Enlightenment and the Bildungsroman era, become eroded and are gradually replaced by eccentric or parodist accounts of the travel experience. In 1795, Xavier de Maistre’s Journey Around My Room enhances the educational virtues of a contemplative seclusion. From then, the tradition of travel writing is supplanted by stories of excursions that provide very little educational value, on the one hand; and stories of valuable teachings inherited by captivity, despite a lack of physical mobility, on the other hand. Inspired by Xavier de Maistre’s book, dozens of imitators follow his path throughout the XIXth century and write their own accounts of room travel, a little studied phenomenon in French literature. After the revolutions that hit Europe and America in the late eighteenth century, a new model of character, the immobile man, appears in literature. Characterized by his problematic presence in a fast-changing society, which is undergoing some very profound changes, he occupies the narrative space like a ghost, refusing to engage in social action, as he would much rather investigate the new opportunities of living in his own private space. Essential 19th-century texts—be they euphoric of dysphoric—hint at these new narrative modalities: American fiction from New England, for example, tells the painful transition from a spiritual age to a political age, characterized by a lethargic climate alternately depicted by Charles Brockden Brown, Washington Irving, Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne or Hermann Melville. On the margins of this troubled literature, the transcendentalist movement advocates a more favorable return to solitude. In France, Joris-Karl Huysmans’s A rebours, through its author’s determination in the search for unity, certainly marks an important milestone among all the narratives of reclusion
Hiet-Guihur, Évelyne. "Le voyage dans la formation des missionnaires de la Société des Missions Étrangères : 1660-1791." Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIL226.
Full textThe Foreign Missions Society is officially established in 1663 by the four vicars apostolic that had just appointed Alexandre VII: François de Laval Montmorency for Québec, François Pallu, Lambert de La Motte and Ignace Cotolendi for the Far East. In its missions in Asia, the new organisation with an exclusively missionary purpose aims at forming the clergy of this emerging Church. The Society is immediately confronted with difficulties in dealing with the distance between the place of the missionary activity and the Paris seminary, where most of its members have no field experience. There are communication difficulties that become visible quite rapidly and generate strong tensions between the actors. The voyage seems to be the decisive element of this situation. It allows the missionaries to gradually adapt to their new living conditions. On the contrary, it is a missing element for the directors, who do not understand the constraints specifically related to each mission place. The uncertainty and the slowness of exchanges which result from the transport conditions of the age deepen the physical and mental gap between the members of the Society. Getting a grasp of the functioning of the Foreign Missions Society between 1660 and 1791 includes the study of voyage as an apprenticeship period for the mission
Gallet, Maud. "Marchands nord-américains en voyage en Grande-Bretagne (1776-1815) : transferts culturels et identité nationale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA134/document.
Full textBy studying the travel writings of North American merchants going to Great Britain between 1776 and 1815, we analyse the cultural transfers across the Atlantic and observe the growing emancipation of the young Republic from its former mother country. It appears that these merchants fully contributed to the creation of an American national identity. Their stay in Great-Britain undeniably encouraged this process, as it enabled visitors to measure themselves against a British « Other », to realise what made them truly American, to boast about their superiority, but also, as merchants, to defend specific values and a certain vision of the American society
Bellemare, Alex. "Mundus est fabula. L'imaginaire géographique dans la fiction utopique (XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA125.
Full textWhy were utopian fictions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries written in the form of a first person imaginary travel ? Most commentators study utopian literature as being a concept ; the form it adopts and the representations it deploys are considered, at best, incidental. Our hypothesis is quite different : these texts should interest the historian of literature precisely because they present themselves in the form of a narrative in which the subjectivity of the narrator is problematic. By their construction mixing factual and fictional elements, these texts can be read in the double perspective of the “world as fable” and the “fable as world”. We will study this duality through the notion of geographical imagination : the texts we analyze are addressing the links between travel and language, territory and society, mobility and subjectivity. The geographical imagination that we will interpret is a process that informs the perception of the world and the possibility of its representation. This doctoral thesis is divided in two parts : we will investigate depictions of space and spatial practices which are both mediations between the utopian traveler and the places he crosses
Al-Zaum, Abdulmalek. "La part de la Syrie dans la littérature de voyage dans les pays du Levant du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2026/document.
Full textThe a priori anti-Ottoman position, developed by philosophers such as Volney and Montesquieu, in Syria, was largely shared by travelers in the 19th century. This preconceived philosophy was reinforced and "completed" by the entire collection of works written throughout the 19th century. Traveling scientists, philosophers, consuls, journalists, and even poets were almost all involved in developing and circulating ideas and clichés regarding Syria and the idea that Turkish rule in Syria was tyrannous. Travelers, as well as their writings, directly or indirectly perpetuated the vision of "Oriental tyranny." This vision, developed by predecessors, was first communicated in writing by Volney. In 1783, he had barely just arrived in Syria, when he began denouncing the misery he encountered, forwhich he held Turkish officials immediately responsible. Other travelers almost all supported the idea of "Oriental Tyranny" and agreed with the author of Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie in their writings.Generally speaking, Syria makes travelers think of their forefathers and reminds them of the past (in both a historic and religious context) that is in reality not that distant from the present. Moreover, those in search of getting back to the basics and the exotic; traveling writers, tourists, and scientists, took a particular interest in the exotic, mythic or picturesque Syria
Craïs, Alexa. "Formes et pratiques de l'observation et du contrôle dans la pédagogie des philantropistes de Dessau (1774-1793)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20087/document.
Full textWhen consulting bibliographies we notice that the gender of travel literacy had a big success in Germany at the end of the 18th century, especially after 1775 when the number of published narratives outnumbered those published in other European countries. They were especially written for young readers and young adults. In our research, we would like to focus more specifically on the narratives written, published and translated by the philanthropist educators from the Philanthropinum in Dessau -which was founded in 1774 and closed in 1793- in order to bring to light the political, literary and pedagogical conceptions of the philanthropists who are not well known in France. In Germany, they are considered as a major movement in the history of education. We would like to examine the various observation and control forms and practices which they developed at school in order to educate children and train teachers, but also in order to measure the contribution of this movement to educational reforms implemented at the time
Im 18. Jahrhundert hatten die Reiseberichte insbesondere nach dem Jahre 1775 im deutschsprachigen Raum viel Erfolg. Meistens richteten sich diese Schriften an Kinder und junge Leute. In dieser Doktorarbeit werden insbesondere die Reiseberichte, die von den Philanthropisten aus der Dessauer Anstalt zwischen 1774 und 1793 übersetzt, herausgegeben oder geschrieben worden sind. Dadurch werden die politischen, literarischen und pädagogischen Ziele dieser in Frankreich kaum bekannten Erzieher hervorgehoben. Damit werden die Methoden berücksichtigt, die die Lehrer im Rahmen der Schule konzipiert hatten, um die Schüler sowie die zukünftigen Lehrer zu erziehen und zu bilden
Kosch, Arlette. "« Wanderung » et « Wanderschaft » : le voyage pédestre dans la littérature non fictionnelle de langue allemande entre 1770 et 1850." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040022.
Full textThe ultimate goal of this work is to clarify the precise definitions of Wanderschaft and Wanderung in non-fictional writing in the German language between 1770 and 1850. Those two concepts refer to any journey, mainly done on foot, undertaken for a variety of motives, but they can also take on a metaphorical sense, primarily religious. By use of both synchronic and diachronic analysis of the lexical network, as well as with the help of a multidisciplinary approach to a variety of documents, integrating literature, linguistics, theology, historical texts, visual arts, music and journalism, it has been possible to establish, not only the polysemy of the two words, but also which functions these terms cover, by putting them into their global context. Preference has been given to non-fictional writing (accounts by travellers, correspondence, educational works). The authors of accounts of travels on foot in this period come from two distinct social classes: on one hand, the cultural elite (a composite group, just coming into being and originating mainly from the affluent bourgeoisie) and on the other hand, the Companions, ranging in different cases from the middle to the working class, suddenly given social validation by the publication of their travel notes. They all come from German-speaking countries, including parts of the Kingdom of Denmark as well as of Switzerland. The evolution of the use and functions of those two words, as well as their associative fields, mirrors that of the social, economic and cultural structures between 1770 and 1850. At the same tine,the scaling down and virtualisation of the pedestrian journey, initiated in aristocratic English-style parks, continue in urban panoramas, the rooms or the garden of grand houses, as well as in society's games. Finally, the analysis is completed by examining how the two notions are dealt with in newspapers, periodicals and almanacs, as well as in didactic literature for young people, popular songs and the visual arts
Magne, Matthieu. "À Teplitz et dans le monde. Les Clary-Aldringen : une maison princière dans l’Europe des Habsbourg au temps des révolutions." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2024.
Full textAt the turn of the 19th century, Teplitz was a well-known spa at the border between North Bohemia and Saxony. It was also part of the seignorial estates of the Clary-Aldringen family who had been promoted to Princely House in 1767. The first Princes of Clary- Aldringen led an aristocratic way of life in their palaces in Vienna and Prague and in their castle in Teplitz. The letters and diaries written by Charles Joseph of Clary-Aldringen provide essential information to understand how this aristocratic family faced the challenges of the revolutions and restorations in Central Europe. Those were unstable times when political and social powers became questioned while new nations were emerging in central Europe.What is at stake then in their lives when the revolutionary upheavals unbalance the dynastic order in Europe? This research aims to analyse how this princely House managed to face the transformations in aristocratic culture at the end of the Holy Roman Empire and in the first decades of the Austrian empire. Indeed the Clary-Aldringen left a hoard of visual documents also with financial and administrative records, all showing the striking features of the “First Society” in the Habsburg monarchy. The archives lead us back to a period when amateur theatre, paintings and writings were given pride of place. The exceptional variety of the documents found allows us to better apprehend how the aristocrats of the Habsburg monarchy conceived their roles and their legitimacy in Europe during the period of revolutions and just before the Spring of the Peoples. One decisive key lies in the fact that this family kept travelling over Europe after 1792