Relevant bibliographies by topics / Europe Kings and rules

Academic literature on the topic 'Europe Kings and rules'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Europe Kings and rules"

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McGlynn, Sean. "British Nationalism and Europe: A Medieval Comparison." Politics 16, no. 3 (September 1996): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.1996.tb00036.x.

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This paper draws attention to the notable parallels between the problems faced by John Major and his government over Europe and a comparative situation from the 13th century. It shows that nationalism has been a leading force in politics for far longer than chronocentric analysis has allowed and that rulers – whether kings or prime ministers – ignore it at their own cost.1
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Schneidmüller, Bernd. "Rule by Consensus." Medieval History Journal 16, no. 2 (October 2013): 449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945813514994.

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This article analyses specific characteristics of pre-modern rule in medieval central Europe. It becomes clear from the analysis that although the notion of monarchy implies a single ruler (mon-archia), it was actually the case, however, that in political practice, the kings and rulers of the Holy Roman Empire had to come to an arrangement with the elites and nobles. Therefore, the famous model developed by Max Weber regarding the three types of legitimate rule: legal, traditional and charismatic, fall short of encompassing the alterity and plurality of politics in the Middle Ages. Here, the concept of consensual rule is conceptualised through the use of additional case studies. These case studies more appropriately capture the fluid decision-making process in the Middle Ages through ongoing negotiation. Thus, the kings and emperors are clearly integrated into the framework of pre-modern oligarchies and therefore offer a counter-outline to the doctrine of divine right.
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Schmoeckel, Mathias. "Zur Bedeutung der Reformation." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 102, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 317–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26498/zrgka-2016-0113.

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Abstract The Importance of the Protestant Reformation: It might be difficult for some lawyers to accept the influence of theology on law, but in a Europe forged by the Christian faith its basic assumptions necessarily had an influence on law. The most important contribution of the Protestant Reformation may be its epistemology, which modernised European science and also its jurisprudence. With the end of the Church as the single institution establishing justice and truth, every single person had the opportunity to define what was just and equitable. This paper concentrates on the impact of the Protestant Reformation on international public law, which was conceived at Wittenberg in the 1530s as a device to impose rules between kings and states regardless of their confession. The hope of ameliorating international relations or even of establishing perpetual peace through law is an assumption, which we already find in Melanchthon’s writings. This relies on the optimistic premise that good rules explain how to behave correctly and that people can learn from the law. In the 20th century, children themselves became holders of the right to education, which demonstrates this confidence of the Protestant Reformation in our time.
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Firmanto, Taufik. "KEDUDUKAN MORAL DAN HUKUM DALAM BANGUNAN HUKUM INDONESIA." SANGAJI: Jurnal Pemikiran Syariah dan Hukum 1, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.52266/sangaji.v1i1.81.

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Discoursing between law and morality is an interesting conversation among a legal scholars and jurists. Observing of legal developments are reviewed historically, the morality of jurisprudence from time to time undergoes sharp reductions. In the early stages of modern human civilization, the morality of jurisprudence still stands firmly on the foundation of the religion (christian). Moral judgments about good or bad, right or wrong, are consistently restored to the divine rules. Faced with the power of the church and the kings, came the antithesis of contradictory extreme thought, the idea that denied the existence of God or rejected the hegemony of religion and the church. The opposing of two rivals in concepts, theories and practices are concerning of the moral role of life. In turn, it had a significant influence on the development of jurisprudence in Europe at the time, leading to the spread of colonization in the eastern hemisphere.
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Penna, L. R. "Written and customary provisions relating to the conduct of hostilities and treatment of victims of armed conflicts in ancient India." International Review of the Red Cross 29, no. 271 (August 1989): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400074519.

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Two thousand years before Grotius, Rachel, or Ayala recalled Europe to humanitarianism, ancient Indians had a body of rules for governing the relations between the States of the sub-continent in the event of armed conflicts. According to Professor A. L. Basham:“…in no other part of the ancient world were the relations of man and man, and of man and the state, so fair and humane… No other ancient law-giver proclaimed such noble ideals of fair play in battle as did Manu. In all her history of warfare Hindu India has few tales to tell of cities put to the sword or of the massacre of non-combatants. The ghastly sadism of the Kings of Assyria, who flayed their captives alive, is completely without parallel in ancient India. There was sporadic cruelty and oppression no doubt, but in comparison with conditions in other cultures, it was mild. To us the most striking feature of ancient Indian civilization is its humanity.”
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Bay, Edna G. "Belief, Legitimacy and theKpojito: An Institutional History of the ‘Queen Mother’ in Precolonial Dahomey." Journal of African History 36, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700026955.

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This article traces chronologically the rise and fall of the office of thekpojito, the female reign-mate to the kings of Dahomey. The women who becamekpojitoin the eighteenth century were central to the efforts of the kings to establish legitimacy and assert control over the kingdom's expanding territory. The office reached its zenith in mid-century whenKpojitoHwanjile and King Tegbesu gained office and effectively ruled in tandem, thereby solidifying an ideological model that persisted to the end of the kingdom. The model posited a balance of power between male and female, royal and commoner. Subsequently, powerful women of the king's household worked with ambitious princes to build coalitions to seize power at times of royal succession. When their efforts succeeded, the prince was installed as king and the woman askpojito. By the nineteenth century, princes began to find alternative sources of support in their struggles for the kingship and alternative sources of guidance once enthroned. The royal family became more central in the state as princes and princesses replaced commoners in high offices. Even though alliances between princes and their fathers' wives continued, non-royal women within the palace were more constrained in their ability to wield power and the influence of thekpojitofell into steep decline.The institutional history of thekpojitois discerned through an analysis of religious change in Dahomey. Because the hierarchy of the gods was manipulated by the monarchy to reflect its changing conceptions of the nature of power, the history of religion represents an intellectual history of the ruling class. Central among the religious changes and cultural influences that had a probable impact on the office of thekpojito, and more broadly on the ability of women to exercise power in the state, were contacts with Europe and with Yoruba-speaking peoples. Those influences were associated with cultural and religious visions that promoted the individual, the male, and the royal.
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Prescott, Anne Lake. "The 2011 Josephine Waters Bennett Lecture: From the Sheephook to the Scepter: The Ambiguities of David's Rise to the Throne*." Renaissance Quarterly 65, no. 1 (2012): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/665834.

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AbstractKing David's rise from tending sheep to governing Israel impressed Renaissance writers, not least the poets and clergymen who found a model in his musical “psalmograph.” Yet ambiguities nestle in allusions to his career. Though many stressed that his ascent was thanks to divine election and not to ambition or guile, the fact remained that David did not inherit his scepter. Europe, though, was for the most part ruled by those with dynastic claims, and it had a class system in which literal shepherds should know their place, even if the Bible asserts that the valleys shall be exalted and the mountains made low. Comments on kings and bishops as shepherds, on shepherds as kings, and on David's upward career are fascinating to trace precisely because their social and political context can give them the energy of a concealed ambivalence.
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Bremmer, Jan N. "Prophets, Seers, and Politics in Greece, Israel, and Early Modern Europe." Numen 40, no. 2 (1993): 150–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852793x00121.

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AbstractAfter a short introduction on the study of the history of religions at Groningen, this paper analyses the relationship between prophets (seers) and political power. Concentrating on Greece, Israel and early modern Europe it poses three questions. First, do seers operate independently of political rulers? Secondly, does the influence of prophets change when the political structure changes? Thirdly, does the medium of prophecy remain constant or does it change over time? In Greece, seers were closely connected with the political elite, especially the kings. As their main function was the legitimation of choices, their public influence started to wane with the rise of democracy and public political debate. In Israel we can note the concomitant rise of the king and decline of the prophet, who remains only influential from the margin of society. At the same time, we can see the gradual disappearance of ecstasy among the prophets and the growing influence of writing. After the return from exile the growing importance of the Torah led to a gradual merger of prophets and priests. Finally, in early modern Europe prophecy flourished especially in the Protestant areas, but lost ground in the seventeenth century through the centralisation of power, the introduction of the printing press, and the changing intellectual climate. In my conclusion I stress the importance of the histoire événementielle for the history of religions and ask for more interest in the religious history of Europe.
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BLAYDES, LISA, and ERIC CHANEY. "The Feudal Revolution and Europe's Rise: Political Divergence of the Christian West and the Muslim World before 1500 CE." American Political Science Review 107, no. 1 (January 28, 2013): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055412000561.

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We document a divergence in the duration of rule for monarchs in Western Europe and the Islamic world beginning in the medieval period. While leadership tenures in the two regions were similar in the 8th century, Christian kings became increasingly long lived compared to Muslim sultans. We argue that forms of executive constraint that emerged under feudal institutions in Western Europe were associated with increased political stability and find empirical support for this argument. While feudal institutions served as the basis for military recruitment by European monarchs, Muslim sultans relied on mamlukism—or the use of military slaves imported from non-Muslim lands. Dependence on mamluk armies limited the bargaining strength of local notablesvis-à-visthe sultan, hindering the development of a productively adversarial relationship between ruler and local elites. We argue that Muslim societies’ reliance on mamluks, rather than local elites, as the basis for military leadership, may explain why the Glorious Revolution occurred in England, not Egypt.
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Ivonina, Ludmila. "The Theater of Death of the XVII–XVIII Centuries: The Kings of Western Europe and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealthon the Threshold of Eternity." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1(57) (July 3, 2022): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2022-57-1-187-200.

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The perception of death in the Early Modern Time was largely based on ancient traditions. The process of death was a form of public communication and required the presence of spectators.The agony of kings was a kind of caesure between the past and the future, when the subjects were demonstrated the status of the state and its ruler, and at the same time, personal and state interests were clashed and resolved. In contrast to the solemn departure to the other world of West Europe sovereigns, a vivid example of which was the death of the French king Louis XIV, the last minutes of the the Polish kings’lives, in particular, Jan Sobieski and Augustus the Strong, were more likely a personal and deeply religious act, rather than a national event. To a large extent it was facilitated by the state system of thePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealthas a gentry republic with an elected king. The «theater of death» of the French king was in the service of Majesty until the last minute, while the «first among equals» in Poland could die like an ordinary person and get only a «theater after death» – a magnificent funeral ceremony. The public process of the demise of the monarchs in the Early Modern Time was largely determined not only by the sovereign’s personality, but also by the geopolitical position and state structure of the territory he controlled.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Europe Kings and rules"

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Cimino, Roberta. "Italian queens in the ninth and tenth centuries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5359.

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This thesis investigates the role of queens in ninth and tenth century Italy. During the Carolingian period the Italian kingdom saw significant involvement of royal women in political affairs. This trend continued after the Carolingian empire collapsed in 888, as Italy became the theatre of struggles for the royal and imperial title, which resulted in a quick succession of local rulers. By investigating Italian queens, my work aims at reassessing some aspects of Italian royal politics. Furthermore, it contributes to the study of medieval queenship, exploring a context which has been overlooked with regard to female authority. The work which has been done on queens over the last decades has attempted to build a coherent model of early medieval queenship; scholars have often privileged the analysis of continuities and similarities in the study of queens' prerogatives and resources. This thesis challenges this model and underlines the peculiarities of individual queens. My analysis demonstrates that, by deconstructing the coherent model established by historiography, it is possible to underline the individual experiences, resources and strengths of each royal woman, and therefore create a new way to look at the history of queens and queenship. The thesis is divided into four main thematic sections. After having introduced the subject and the relevant historiography on the topic in the introduction, in Chapter 2 I consider ideas about queenship as expressed by narrative and normative sources. Chapter 3 deals with royal diplomas, which are a valuable resource for the understanding of queens' reigns. Chapter 4 analyses queens' dowers and monastic patronage. Chapter 5 examines the experience of Italian royal widows. Finally, the conclusive chapter outlines the significance of this thesis for the broader understanding of medieval queenship.
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Al-Turkmani, Ziad. "”…who cares about the kings of Europe?”." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30111.

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KISER, EDGAR VANCE. "KINGS AND CLASSES: CROWN AUTONOMY, STATE POLICIES, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WESTERN EUROPEAN ABSOLUTISMS (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SWEDEN, SPAIN)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184073.

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This dissertation explores the role of Absolutist states in the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Western Europe. Three general questions are addressed: (1) what are the determinants of variations in the autonomy of rulers? (2) what are the consequences of variations in autonomy for states policies? and (3) what are the effects of various state policies on economic development? A new theoretical framework, based on a synthesis of the neoclassical economic literature on principal-agent relations and current organizational theory in sociology, is developed to answer these three questions. Case studies of Absolutism in England, France, Sweden, and Spain are used to illustrate the explanatory power of the theory.
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Falk, Barbara J. "Citizen intellectuals and philosopher-kings the dilemmas of dissidence in East-Central Europe, 1968-1989 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0025/NQ39264.pdf.

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Schimmelfennig, Frank. "The EU, NATO and the integration of Europe : rules and rhetoric /." Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam032/2003046173.html.

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Dougan, M. "The judicial harmonisation of national remedies and procedural rules in a differentiated Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598608.

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A traditional 'integration through law' approach to EC legal studies portrays national remedies and procedural rules as a serious problem for the Community legal order: they offer fragmented standards of judicial protection in respect of Treaty norms being implemented at a domestic levels, and thus distort competitive conditions within the Common Market and / or undermine the principle of equal treatment between Union citizens. The purported solution is to manufacture a harmonised system of legal protection within Europe. Yet the recent history of European union suggests that the assumptions of "integration" and "uniformity" upon which this analysis is based are now ripe for reconsideration. The alternative values of "disintegration" and "differentiation" have attained the status of central regulatory principles within the Community legal order, and prompt a process of doctrinal reconsideration, seeking to update certain assumptions about the Treaty system which are too closely wedded to an untenable ideal of integration. Within the particular sphere of Community intervention in the domestic systems of judicial protection, this process of doctrinal reconsideration suggests that we should abandon the predominant "integration through law" in favour of an alternative "sectoral" approach. The Treaty's pursuit of uniformity at a substantive level, and thus its need for uniformity at a remedial level, changes according to the field of Community activity in question. In some sectors (such as state aids and competition law), uniformity remains a valid goal of Treaty policy, and the harmonisation of domestic remedies and procedural rules might well seem justified. In other sectors (such as environmental consumer and employee protection), the Treaty does not harbour ambitions of achieving any genuine degree of normative uniformity, and the principles of subsidiary and proportionality suggest that we should adopt a correspondingly more restrained interpretation of the need for remedial approximation. These two completing academic models provide the framework for a critical analysis of the European Court of Justice's caselaw on national remedies and procedural rules. Such an analysis demonstrates, in particular, that the Court's most recent jurisprudence rejects implicitly the pressure of greater remedial harmonisation exerted by an "integration through law" approach. Instead, the ECJ seems sympathetic to the challenges of doctrinal reconsideration stimulated by the rise of regulatory differentiation within the Community legal order: its caselaw reflects a more limited sympathy with the imperative of uniformity, such as forms the basic conceptual premises of the alternative "sectoral" model.
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Aspey, Eleanor. "The impact of the EU procurement rules on corporate responsibility in the supply chain : a study of utilities." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12701/.

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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the voluntary integration of social and environmental concerns into business practice. It is of increasing importance to utilities, with commercial pressure to be socially responsible coming from, inter alia, consumers, investors and employees. One way in which utilities can integrate CSR into their business is in their procurement. However, the potential scope for the inclusion of CSR considerations in procurement regulated by the EU is uncertain, with some policies clearly restricted but the legality of others being less clear. This thesis examines the practical impact of the EU procurement regulation on the use of CSR policies in utilities procurement, focusing specifically on the inclusion of labour concerns. The project aims to discover practitioners’ opinions of the EU law in this area and their experience in applying it, looking at positive and negative aspects of the law. In order to do so, a qualitative study was completed, with semi-structured interviews conducted with a sample of procurement practitioners based in UK utilities. The study covers the level of use of labour policies in procurement, the types of labour policy commonly included and the means by which those policies are integrated into procurement, with emphasis on the impact of the EU regulation on each issue. The thesis concludes that the impact of the EU regulation was relatively low, with most practitioners feeling that the procurement rules did not generally restrict their inclusion of labour policies. Instead, practical concerns governed the choice of labour policy and the means by which those policies were integrated into procurement. The major exception to this was in the area of policies which favoured local labour or firms, where practitioners felt that the EU regulation was very restrictive and prevented them from achieving their commercial aims.
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Nicholson, Amanda S. "Kind King or Tyrannical Ruler? An Analysis of Hilary Mantel’s Henry VIII in Wolf Hall and Bringing up the Bodies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3850.

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Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) served as King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547. A melancholic character, Henry was known for his many marriages, his temper, his bouts of tyranny, and his break with the Catholic Church. Most authors, even those writing contemporary accounts, portray Henry as a villain. Hilary Mantel paints Henry differently. In Wolf Hall and Bringing up the Bodies, the King is as he has always been; argumentative, sardonic, and excessive. However, Mantel chooses to augment these parts of his character with some of his better traits, giving the King a softer edge that is often lost to his actions and infamy. An analysis of Mantel’s writing, as compared to the historical record, sheds new light on Henry VIII and invites readers, through the joy of historical fiction, to be more open in their interpretation of the King.
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Saleemi, Asmara. "Electoral System Effects On Anti-muslim Sentiments In Western Europe." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103386/.

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The purpose of this thesis is to answer the question, why is there a variation in anti-Muslim sentiments across Western Europe? There is existing literature on individual and country-level variable s to explain why prejudice exists, but this research examines the impact of political institutions on anti-Muslim sentiments. Based on new institutionalism theory, electoral systems can shape public attitudes by providing far-right parties a platform to put their concerns on the agenda, and these parties promote anti-Muslim popular sentiments. The results of this analysis support this argument in that the larger the average district magnitude in a country, the greater the anti-Muslim sentiments. The findings also show that an increase in far-right party vote-share also covaries with an increase in anti-Muslim sentiments.
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Greiss, Mourad. "Evaluating the influence of EU competition rules and Islamic principles on the treatment of abuse of dominance under Egyptian competition law." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7581/.

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Egypt faced three central pressures to introduce its own competition law in 2005: first, EU/Egypt trade relations, second, introduction of the 1991 privatisation programme and third, its long-term desire by virtue of its Constitution to follow Islamic principles that condemn monopoly. However, Egypt was not forced to transplant EU rules as a result of EU/Egypt trade relations, although it is implicit that the EU deems it desirable to do so. By employing the functional method of comparative law for the purposes of the study on EU, Islamic, and Egyptian laws, the central argument of this thesis is that the Egyptian treatment of abuse of dominance is distinctive in three ways. First, Egyptian rules do not prohibit the practice of excessive pricing. Although in jurisdictions that prohibit it, most notably the EU system, competition authorities do not contemplate it as an investigation priority, it is argued that the lack of its prohibition raises Islamic law concerns and may lead to potential effects on the Egyptian economy. However, the difficulties which investigators face in settling such practice (as the South African Mittal case demonstrates) suggest that the Egyptian legislator may have adopted the right approach not to prohibit it; otherwise, this may have increased the likelihood of committing type II errors and, as a result, violate Islamic law principles of injustice. Second, in contrast with EU law, Egyptian rules do not cover the practice of below-cost margin squeeze. Although it is argued that its omission does not pose potential effects to the economy, it is suggested that it raises Islamic law concerns on the basis of fairness and intentions principles. Given that it is relatively easier to investigate, compared to excessive pricing, it is suggested that the Egyptian legislator should re-consider encompassing it in the future while drawing on the approach adopted in EU law. Third, the Egyptian Competition Law reflects the EU Commission‘s initiative of employing an effects-based approach to abuse of dominance. However, the Egyptian system, arguably influenced by the Islamic principles on market intervention, goes a little further to require an actual effects standard. Despite an effects-based analysis being difficult to employ in emerging economies with inadequate economic expertise like Egypt, it is argued in its favour for two reasons. First, it increases the chances of avoiding type II errors, which, similar to excessive pricing and margin squeeze, violate Islamic law and; second, the Egyptian Competition Authority‘s analysis in the Steel study shows that it is capable of employing this approach at this stage. For the purposes of re-considering the foregoing (gaps) in the future, the Egyptian Competition Authority should focus on increasing economic expertise and seek technical assistance from competition authorities of the developed world.
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Books on the topic "Europe Kings and rules"

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Debrett's kings and queens of Europe. Exeter: Webb & Bower, 1988.

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David, Williamson. Debrett's kings and queens of Europe. Exeter: Webb & Bower, 1988.

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Williamson, David. Debrett's kings and queens of Europe. Topsfield, Mass: Salem House, 1988.

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Byrne, F. J. Irish kings and high-kings. London: Batsford, 1987.

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David, Williamson. Debrett'skings and queens of Europe. Exeter: Webb & Bower, 1988.

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Irish kings and high-kings. 2nd ed. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001.

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Blankenship, Gayle King. Royal and noble families of medieval Europe. Poquoson, VA (24 Roberts Landing, Poquoson 23662): G.K. Blankenship, 1993.

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Louda, Jirì. Lines of succession: Heraldry of the royal families of Europe. London: Little, Brown and Company, 1999.

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Mourousy, Paul. Alexandre Ier, tsar de Russie: Un sphinx en Europe. Monaco: Rocher, 1999.

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Corvisier, André. Les régences en Europe: Essai sur les délégations de pouvoirs souverains. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Europe Kings and rules"

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Hart, Jonathan. "Private and Public: Rulers, Kings, and Tyrants in Plato, Aristotle, John of Salisbury, and Shakespeare and his Contemporaries." In Perceiving Power in Early Modern Europe, 187–206. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58381-9_10.

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Collins, Roger. "‘The dissension of kings’." In Early Medieval Europe 300–1000, 287–312. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21290-3_17.

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Collins, Roger. "‘The dissension of kings’." In Early Medieval Europe 300–1000, 333–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27533-5_18.

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Collins, Roger. "Decadent and do-nothing kings." In Early Medieval Europe 300–1000, 144–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21290-3_10.

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Collins, Roger. "Decadent and do-nothing kings." In Early Medieval Europe 300–1000, 153–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27533-5_10.

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Kaiser, Wolfram, and Johan Schot. "From Divided Europe to “Core Europe”." In Writing the Rules for Europe, 79–112. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137314406_4.

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Collins, Roger. "‘The dissension of kings’, 814–911." In Early Medieval Europe 300–1000, 318–43. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01428-3_18.

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Faisant, Etienne. "The French Kings on the Road." In Royal Journeys in Early Modern Europe, 33–49. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003284154-5.

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Collins, Roger. "Decadent and do-nothing kings, 511–711." In Early Medieval Europe 300–1000, 151–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01428-3_10.

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Itçaina, Xabier. "Norms, rules and practices." In Catholic Mediations in Southern Europe, 31–67. 1 [edition]. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in religion and politics: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429442360-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Europe Kings and rules"

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González, Fernando, and Jörg Lange. "Harmonization of Design Rules in Europe." In International Conference on Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41142(396)34.

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Pérez-Moreno, Javier, Koen Clays, and Mark G. Kuzyk. "Sum-rules and quantum limits: nonlinear optics from first principles." In Photonics Europe, edited by Paul L. Heremans, Michele Muccini, and Eric A. Meulenkamp. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.781230.

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Schlegel, Steffen, and Dirk Westermann. "Determination of remedial actions taking into account various operational rules." In 2017 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope.2017.8260197.

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Massier, Tobias, Helmut Graeb, and Ulf Schlichtmann. "Sizing Rules for Bipolar Analog Circuit Design." In 2008 Design, Automation and Test in Europe. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/date.2008.4484676.

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Piponnier, M., G. Druart, M. Brizard, N. Guérineau, J. L. De Bougrenet, and J. Primot. "Design rules for IR micro cameras based on a single diffractive optical element." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Frank Wyrowski, John T. Sheridan, Jani Tervo, and Youri Meuret. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.921660.

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Hou, Yan, and Robert Allen. "Behaviour-based Rules with Fuzzy Logic Controlled Priority Weights in Multi-UUVs Team Cooperation." In OCEANS 2007 - Europe. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2007.4302385.

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van Leersum, B. J. A. M., D. W. P. Thomas, J. G. Bergsma, J. van der Graaff, and F. B. J. Leferink. "Cable crosstalk and separation rules in complex installations." In 2012 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emceurope.2012.6396891.

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Lerner, Gavriel, Liran Hareli, Georgiy Shoulga, Ofer Neufeld, Eliyahu Bordo, Alon Bahabad, and Oren Cohen. "Multi-Scale Symmetries and Selection Rules in High Harmonic Generation." In 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8872624.

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Andoni, Merlinda, Valentin Robu, and Wolf-Gerrit Fruh. "Game-theoretic modeling of curtailment rules and their effect on transmission line investments." In 2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope.2016.7856339.

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Bonnet, Emmanuel, Alain Cachard, Alexandre V. Tishchenko, and Olivier M. Parriaux. "Scaling rules for the design of a narrow-band grating filter at the focus of a free-space beam." In Photonics Europe, edited by Richard M. De La Rue, Pierre Viktorovitch, Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres, and Michele Midrio. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.547445.

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Reports on the topic "Europe Kings and rules"

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Terzyan, Aram. State-Building in Belarus: The Politics of Repression Under Lukashenko’s Rule. Eurasia Institutes, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/psprp-2-2019.

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This paper explores the politics of repression and coercion in Belarus, with a focus on the Belarusian authorities’ brutal responses to dissident activities. While repressions are seen to be a backbone of authoritarian rule, there is a lack of case studies of repressions and repressive policies in different kinds of authoritarian regimes and their interaction with other mechanisms of authoritarian sustainability. As Belarus has demonstrated, Lukashenko’s effort’s at perpetuating his power have prompted his regime into increasing the role of repressions. Coercion and repression have been critical to suppressing dissent and pluralism across the country. Essentially, successful, mass-based opposition to the ruling elites, that led to 2014 Maidan Revolution in Ukraine and the 2018 “Velvet Revolution” in Armenia served as examples to discontented elements in Belarus. Meanwhile, to shield itself from the diffusion effects of ‘color revolutions’, the Belarusian regime has tended to reinforce its repressive toolkit through suppressing the civil society, coercing the opposition, and preventing the latter from challenging Lukashenko’s rule. This study enquires into the anatomy of repressive governance in Europe’s “last dictatorship.”
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Haider, Huma. Fostering a Democratic Culture: Lessons for the Eastern Neighbourhood. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.131.

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Political culture is the values, beliefs, and emotions that members of a society express about the political regime and their role in it (Pickering, 2022, p. 5). Norms, values, attitudes and practices considered integral to a “culture of democracy”, according to the Council of Europe, include: a commitment to public deliberation, discussion, and the free expression of opinions; a commitment to electoral rules; the rule of law; and the protection of minority rights; peaceful conflict resolution. The consolidation of democracy involves not only institutional change, but also instilling a democratic culture in a society (Balčytienė, 2021). Research on democratic consolidation in various countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) finds that a key impediment to consolidation is the persistence of old, authoritarian political culture that undermines political and civic participation. This rapid review looks at aspects of democratic culture and potential ways to foster it, focusing on educational initiatives and opportunities for civic action — which comprise much of the literature on developing the values, attitudes and behaviours of democracy. Discussion on the strengthening of democratic institutions or assistance to electoral processes is outside the scope of the report.
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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi, and Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.

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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.
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