Journal articles: 'Europe, Central – Economic policy'

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Feldmann, Magnus, and Mircea Popa. "Populism and economic policy: lessons from Central and Eastern Europe." Post-Communist Economies 34, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2022.2029253.

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Flek, Vladislav, Martin Hála, and Martina Mysíková. "Labour market response to economic crisis in Central Europe: is there room for common policy approach?" ECONOMICS & SOCIOLOGY 8, no. 2 (September 5, 2015): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2015/8-2/2.

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Horváth, Gy. "Regional Policy in Europe." Acta Oeconomica 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.51.2000-2001.1.6.

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Among European Union policies, regional policy has always been considered a key domain due to its considerable role in negotiation of interests between mem-ber countries and distribution of European Union funds. Its significance, however, is expected to increase further as soon as countries of the Central Eastern Euro-pean region join the European Union and start lobbying for the concentration of European Union resources in the area. The new member states of the EU will stand on the periphery – not only in the geographical sense, but also regarding their level of economic development.

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Stoilova, D., and I. Todorov. "Fiscal policy and economic growth: Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe." Journal of Tax Reform 7, no. 2 (2021): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2021.7.2.095.

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This study aims to estimate the impact of three fiscal instruments (direct tax revenue, indirect tax revenue and government consumption expenditure) on the economic growth of ten new European Union member states from Central and Eastern Europe– Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. We examine the hypothesis about the effect of expansionary fiscal policy on economic growth. The study employs a vector autoregression and annual Eurostat data for the period 2007–2019. Four control variables (the shares of gross capital formation, household consumption, exports in GDP, and the economic growth in the euro area) are included in the model to account for the influence of non-fiscal factors on economic growth. The empirical results indicate that the real output growth rate in the ten new member states of the European Union is negatively affected by direct tax revenue, while economic growth in the euro area, exports and gross capital formation are positively related to economic growth. The results also imply that government consumption and indirect tax revenue have no significant impact on the growth rate of real output of the ten studied countries from Central and Eastern Europe. It may be inferred that policymakers in the new European Union member states can raise economic growth by encouraging exports and investment and by lowering the share of direct tax revenue in GDP. From the three analyzed fiscal instruments (direct taxes, indirect taxes and government consumption expenditure), only one has proven to be effective in the case of the new member countries.

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Bruck, Peter A. "Introduction: Current media economic challenges and policy problems in Central Europe." Journal of Media Economics 6, no. 1 (March 1993): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997769309358229.

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Bean, Charles R. "Economic and Monetary Union in Europe." Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, no. 4 (November 1, 1992): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.6.4.31.

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The European Council's Maastricht Agreement maps out a precise route to monetary union and the eventual introduction of a common currency. My discussion begins with a look at the general arguments for and against monetary union. I shall then discuss the proposed constitution of the European Central Bank and whether it is likely to be conducive to monetary stability, together with some of the problems posed by the transition to the new regime. Finally, I will turn to the issue of rules for the conduct of fiscal policy and the question of “fiscal federalism.”

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Grabia, Tomasz. "Interest Rate Policy Of Selected Central Banks In Central And Eastern Europe." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 18, no. 1 (March 20, 2015): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2015-0002.

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The aim of this article is to present and evaluate interest rate policies of three selected central banks in Central and Eastern Europe (Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary) from 2001 to 2013. The study consists of an introduction (Section 1) and three main parts. The introduction contains a theoretical description of the role of interest rate policy, the dilemmas connected with it, as well as an analysis of the strategies and goals of monetary policies of the National Bank of Poland (NBP), the Czech National Bank (CzNB), and the National Bank of Hungary (NBH) in the context of existing legal and institutional conditions. In turn, the first empirical part (Section 2) examines how the analysed central banks responded to changes in inflation, unemployment, and economic growth rates. The tools of the analysis are the nominal and real interest rates of those banks. The subsequent research part (Section 3) attempts to evaluate the degree of the contractionary nature of interest rate policies in specific countries in the context of the Taylor rule. The text ends with a summary (Section 4) encompassing concise conclusions drawn from the earlier analyses.

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Dahl, Michał. "India’s foreign policy towards Central and Eastern Europe in 2014-2019." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 12, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.6469.

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It has been said that Central and Eastern Europe can be seen as an interesting direction for Indian political and economic expansion. Both the data on diplomatic activity and India’s trade with the countries of CEE, however, prove that the region is not of key importance for New Delhi’s foreign policy. On the other hand, a steadily growing trade turnover allows assuming that the current situation will gradually change. The conclusions may be confirmed by the analysis of New Delhi’s diplomacy directions in the region. The Indian leaders (not the most important figures, taking into account symbolism and real significance) visited in the years 2014-2019 the CEE countries with the highest trade turnover with India, namely Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania. They also paid visits to Bulgaria, Croatia and Serbia, that is countries with which India’s trade turnover is relatively low, but steadily growing. It may indicate a desire to establish more active diplomatic and economic involvement in this region than previously.

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Bharti, Mukesh Shankar. "The Evolution of China’s Economic Engagement in Central and Eastern Europe." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2022-0007.

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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this study is to assess the economic partnership between China and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It evaluates the economic policy since the cooperation in the region began, as the 17+1 process. The study evaluates the success and failure of China’s economic engagement in the 17 CEE countries and the Balkan region. This article explores how the relationship was made stronger in CEE countries for economic development. It looks at diplomatic ties, trade knot and economic initiatives, and it examines China’s relations with other CEE countries. The article aims to examine the geographical distribution of China’s economic influence on the CEE countries. Materials and methods: Content analysis is widely used as a comparative technique by the press, media, think tanks and communication. There are official statistics from a wide range of institutions (The China Observers in Central and Eastern Europe (CHOICE), the IMF, the OECD, the European Commission, the European Union, Statistics CEE countries and the European External Action Service). Results: The latest result indicates that Chinese economic policy is not achieving more success than the expected objectives in CEE countries. Conclusions: China’s economic impact on CEE countries is relatively small. Central and Eastern European countries are highly dependent on trade and investment relations with developed states, mainly EU members, while China accounts for a minor share.

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Horváthová, Brigitte, Michael Dobbins, and Rafael Pablo Labanino. "Towards energy policy corporatism in Central and Eastern Europe?" Interest Groups & Advocacy 10, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41309-021-00138-9.

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AbstractThis paper contributes to our understanding of interest intermediation structures in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and, specifically, whether, which, how and to what extent organized interests are incorporated into policy-making processes. Unlike previous studies primarily focusing on patterns of economic coordination (Jahn 2016), we focus on energy policy-making in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. We address the extent to which these energy interest intermediation systems are gravitating towards a more corporatist policy-making paradigm and whether corporatist arrangements have been dismantled in view of the new wave of national conservatism in CEE. We offer a complex operationalization of corporatism based on concrete indicators and present the results of a survey of energy interest groups operating in the region. It covers questions regarding interest intermediation between the organized interests and the government, regulatory authorities as well as the degree of policy coordination and political exchange with the state and between rivalling organizations, enabling us to derive a “corporatism score” for each national institutional setting and discuss them in the light of Jahn’s (2016) corporatism rankings for the region. We show that—despite striking differences—at least rudimentary corporatist interest intermediation structures have emerged with some variations of pluralism and statism in all four countries.

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Smędzik-Ambroży, Katarzyna, Marta Guth, Adam Majchrzak, Andreea Cipriana Muntean, and Silvia Ștefania Maican. "The Socio-Economics Factors in Family Farms with Different Economic Sustainability Levels from Central and Eastern Europe." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 8262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158262.

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Economic sustainability plays an important role in shaping conditions for economic growth and social development. The importance of answering the question about the level of sustainability of family farms results from the fact that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, apart from exceptions (e.g., the Czech Republic and Slovakia), are characterized by a fragmented agrarian structure. Hence, the main goal of this article was to answer two questions: (1) whether the countries of Central and Eastern Europe differ in the level of economic sustainability of small family farms; and (2) whether the same socioeconomic factors impact similarly on the level of economic sustainability of small family farms from countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The study was based on surveys conducted in small family farms: in 2018 from Poland (672 farms) and in 2019 in four other countries (Lithuania; 999 farms, Romania; 834 farms, Serbia; 523 farms, Moldova; 530 farms). The publication includes a critical analysis of the literature, structure analysis and correlation analysis. The results show the occurrence of large differences between the economic sustainability of small family farms from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The research indicates that the larger the area of a small-scale family farm, the greater its economic sustainability. The productivity of these farms increases with their economic sustainability. The results also prove a negative relationship between the age of the farmer and the economic sustainability of their farm in all analysed countries. These trends were found in all analysed countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The results of the analyses support the conclusion that agricultural policy instruments aimed at increasing the economic sustainability of small family farms should lead to: land consolidation, a decrease in the age of farm owners through generational changes, and a decrease in employment in agriculture, which would lead to a reduction in labour input in the agricultural sector.

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Buček, Ján. "Urban Development Policy Challenges in East-Central Europe: Governance, City Regions and Financialisation." Quaestiones Geographicae 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2016-0012.

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Abstract This paper responds primarily to current innovations that have emerged in urban development policy during the last decades also in East-Central Europe. Prior to the change of the social regime, we notice more traditional approaches in the urban development policy - public consumption, economic development and environmental issues. Among current urban development challenges in this region we may focus on governance, city regions, and financialisation. Besides an outline of a general framework, their application is studied in the case of Bratislava. We argue that especially economic development and environmental issues were neglected in the urban development policy during the socialist period. More elementary development issues obtained priority as policy positions during the early transition period. Taking up more current challenges was delayed compared with western cities, and they have specific features. Nevertheless, it seems that cities in this region recognised the importance of the mutually multiplying effects of governance, city regionalism and financialisation in an urban development policy.

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Jaźwiński, Ireneusz. "THE SCOPE OF FUNCTIONS AND STRENGHT OF INSTITUTIONS IN ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE EU MEMBER STATES FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE. CONCEPTION OF ANALYSIS." Ekonomika 90, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2011.0.959.

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The manner of conducting economic policy determines various phenomena and socio-economic processes, including economic development and growth, to a considerable degree. A significant role in economic and social sciences is attributed to international comparative studies. The aim of the study was introduction of the conception for analysis of the scope of functions and strength of institutions on an exampleof the national policies of the EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe.The paper introduces the selected dimensions of economic policy in the EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe. On the basis of the use of existing indices, the measures of these dimensions are proposed. Also, elements of the typology of economic policies of these countries considering the selected policy dimensions are presented.The analyses show that there are differences among national economic policies of particular states of Central and Eastern Europe. From the standpoint of economic policy and its dimensions, the situation is most favourable in countries with the most powerful institutions: the Czech Republic and Estonia. It is crucial to strive after improvement of the quality of institutions in individual states, which should result in a faster socioeconomic development and an increased efficiency of the public authorities.

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Fedorowicz, Krzysztof. "Europa Środkowa w polityce zagranicznej Białorusi." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 18, no. 4 (December 2020): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2020.4.1.

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The article is dedicated to Central Europe in the foreign policy of Belarus. In the process of shaping the concept of Belarus’ foreign policy in the early 1990s, Minsk considered the Central European option. Already at that time, attention was paid to the region of Central Europe and the need to center the road between East and West. However, NATO enlargement in the region led to the choice of the eastern vector and to close cooperation with Russia. After 20 years of close integration, it turned out that the alliance with Russia is not perfect. Belarus has once again activated the Central European vector in foreign policy. Central Europe is a natural area for the pursuing Belarussian interest. Cooperation with neighboring countries (Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Hungary) is a positive impulse for comprehensive economic and possibly political reforms in the near future.

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Tretiak, Oleksii, Vadym Negodchenko, Volodymyr Toryanyk, and Alexander Cap. "Economic policy-makers and economic experts in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe: ways of interaction." Economic Annals-ХХI 175, no. 1-2 (May 28, 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v175-02.

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Frenkel, Jacob A. "Central banking, protectionism and globalization." Acta Oeconomica 69, s1 (January 2019): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2019.69.s1.8.

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The recent global financial crisis has resulted in a new creative set of economic policies. The justifi- cation for the unconventional policy response was based on the implicit assumption that the departure from the norms of macroeconomic policies would be temporary. This detour has lasted longer than expected. Now that the process of normalization has started in the United States and is likely to be followed (albeit in some delay) in Europe, it would be important for policy makers to emphasize that the unconventional set of economic policies were just a detour from the longstanding convention rather than representing a new paradigm. The experience of the crisis and the post-crises years should be recorded in history as refl ecting a period during which new and important policy chapters were drafted. These chapters should be added to the corpus of knowledge of macroeconomic theory and policy. The new chapters contain important lessons that should definitely not be forgotten once the crisis is over. They should be added to, but not replace, the old textbooks.

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Randzio-Plath, Christa. "The euro - our future in Europe." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 4, no. 1 (February 1998): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425899800400107.

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Economic and Monetary Union has been created to complete the single market, to provide optimal macro-economic conditions for employment-enhancing growth and to promote further political integration in the European Union. Unfortunately in the discussion about monetary union the reasons why Europe needs EMU have been almost forgotten. As the future European Central Bank will be solely responsible for European monetary policy and thus be influencing strongly the overall macro-economic framework in Europe, the question of democratic accountability of monetary authorities needs to be debated. EMU is Europe's answer to the challenges of the 21 st century.

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Bessonova, Maryna. "Canadian Assistance to Central and Eastern Europe in Post-Cold War Times." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 9 (2020): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2020.09.11.

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Canadian support for the post-communist countries of the Central and Eastern Europe is one of the important components of the international assistance. It plays a great role for the successful transition in the region from communist to the liberal political and economical system. The region consists of the very different nations, some of them already completely incorporated to the Western economic, political, defense and security structures, and others are still on their path to democracy. In the article it is proposed a short overview of the place occupied by Central and Eastern Europe among Canadian foreign policy interests; and generalizations of the main ways of Canadian assistance to the countries of the region (such as political and economic reforms, human rights, supremacy of laws, freedom of media, etc.). Support of democratic developments in the world remains one of the main priorities for Canadian foreign policy. Despite some critiques inside the Canadian society of the issues of financial support, the assistance to the developing nations of Central and Eastern Europe completely fits universal values declared as the main pillars of current Canadian foreign policy.

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Drelich-Skulska, Bogusława, Sebastian Bobowski, Anna H. Jankowiak, and Przemysław Skulski. "China’s Trade Policy Towards Central and Eastern Europe in the 21St Century, Example of Poland." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2014-0111.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to present China’s economic model and discuss, in this context, bilateral trade and investment relations between China and Poland. The analysis presented herein is based on the strategy of cooperation with countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as presented by China’s Prime Minister, and on the growing importance of Poland as a main partner of China in the Central and Eastern Europe region. The paper describes main premises of the Chinese economic model, followed by a diagnosis of Chinese economy. The authors analyze the main directions of China’s foreign cooperation, placing the emphasis on relations with Poland.

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Piasecki, Marcin A. "Was Viktor Orbán’s Unorthodox Economic Policy the Right Answer to Hungary’s Economic Misfortunes?" International Journal of Management and Economics 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2015-0021.

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Abstract This paper assesses whether the unorthodox policies implemented in Hungary since 2010 were, given a four-year perspective, the right answer to Hungarian economic problems. The paper draws on findings from the author’s August and November 2014 study trips to Hungary, during which Hungarian government officials and scholars from Budapest University of Technology and Economics were interviewed. These findings were supplemented by publications and data from Eurostat and World Bank databases. Statistical data from May 2015 demonstrate that significant improvements took place in most (if not all) areas of the Hungarian economy since 2010. The country avoided bankruptcy and its 2014 GDP growth outpaced that of the Czech Republic and Poland. Viktor Orbán’s economic reforms therefore seem to have been the appropriate response to the Hungary’s economic misfortunes. The jury is, however, still out on whether those policies laid lasting fundaments for long-term growth. Hungary is the first Central European country (since the anti-communist revolution triggered by Solidarność movement) that is experimenting with an independent economic policy. The results of Viktor Orbán’s experiment, if ultimately judged positive, could have profound consequences for the other countries in Central Europe and beyond.

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Sujan, Ivan. "The Role of Macroeconomic Policy in the Process of Economic Stabilisation in Central Europe." World Economy 17, no. 4 (July 1994): 451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.1994.tb00836.x.

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Vuletić, Dijana, Nenad Potočić, Silvija Krajter, Ivan Seletković, Christine Fürst, Franz Makeschin, Zoran Galić, et al. "How Socio-Economic Conditions Influence Forest Policy Development in Central and South-East Europe." Environmental Management 46, no. 6 (October 7, 2010): 931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9566-3.

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Lehto, Juhani. "Alcohol Policy in the Changing Eastern Europe." Nordisk Alkoholtisdkrift (Nordic Alcohol Studies) 12, no. 1_suppl (February 1995): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259501201s04.

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Both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems are, it is claimed, rapidly increasing problems in central and eastern Europe, due to the transition period. The article presents some available data and discusses the problems in making conclusions from rather inaccurate statistics. The second objective is to discuss the opportunities for effective alcohol policies, and the relevance of the studies made in established market economies, such as the Anglo-American and Scandinavian countries. An important condition for a control policy, the author concludes, is the re-establishment of a basic regulation of the alcohol market, now missing in these countries. Otherwise any policy measures will be ineffective or even counterproductive. The process will probably be different in different countries, due to differences in the economic restructuring and recovery, and to differences between the “beer”, “wine”, and “vodka” cultures.

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Ellison, David. "Competitiveness Strategies, Resource Struggles, and National Interest in the New Europe." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 1901 (January 1, 2008): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.2008.138.

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Within the context of neofunctionalist and intergovernmental models, European integration—and thus membership in the European Club—is typically seen as a win-win proposition. Viewed through the lens of economic models based on increasing returns or literature on the developmental state, the advantages of European integration become more ambiguous. This essay argues that the incorporation of the Central and East European states into the European Union ultimately favors Western interests. Based on an analysis of Hungary’s Great Transformation, I evaluate the compatibility of the EU policy framework with Hungarian and other Central and East European interests in economic development. Forced to abandon many competitiveness tools, new member states may fi nd the EU policy framework less accommodating and quite possibly more constraining. Western states benefi t from the enlargement by raising the degree of policy control over Eastern states.

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Choręza, Piotr, Aleksander Owczarek, and Magdalena Babińska. "Socio-economic burden of cardiovascular diseases in Poland and Central Europe." Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis 72 (October 26, 2018): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18794/aams/79711.

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Aidukaite, Jolanta. "WELFARE REFORMS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: A NEW TYPE OF WELFARE REGIME?" Ekonomika 89, no. 4 (January 1, 2010): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2010.0.969.

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This paper discusses some recent socio-economic achievements and losses in Central and Eastern Europe from a comparative perspective. Yet, the paper examines whether the economic-social-political restructuring of Central and Eastern Europe and the ensuing social policy reform has brought new forms of welfare regimes into focus. The paper demonstrates that, despite an increase in poverty and inequalities in many Central and Easter European countries during the last 18 years, the social policy systems have not experienced a radical dismantlement throughout the entire region and still show more comprehensive solutions to social problems than residual ones. Furthermore, the Central and Eastern European region is very diverse regarding the scope and depth of social problems encountered, and some countries have implemented more successful policy solutions than other ones. Nevertheless, the experience of the communist regime, the relatively lower fiscal capacity of the states as well as the higher share of GDP produced in the shadow economy allow the Central and Eastern European countries to group into a distinct post-communist regime. The current global economic crisis, which is felt in the CEE region much more than in the rest of the globe, can reinforce the features of the post-communist welfare model: still quite comprehensive in its structures, but weak in its performance to ensure a decent standard of living for its citizens.

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Remington, Robin A. "Contradictions on the Road to Democracy and the Market in East Central Europe." American Review of Politics 13 (April 1, 1992): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1992.13.0.3-25.

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This analysis focuses on the dilemmas facing policymakers attempting the transition from one-party hegemonic systems to multiparty democracies in post-communist Europe. It investigates the hypothesis that the political conditions for building democracy and the economic conditions required for establishing market economies in these societies are at cross purposes. The author examines the role of the international political economy in the process of democratization in terms of a framework of three primary variables: identity, legitimacy, and security. In applying these variables to post-communist East Central Europe, five significant arenas emerge in which political and economic imperatives come into conflict. The analysis concludes with policy implications for Western decision-makers whose own future security needs and economic well-being are tied to successful transition from communism to viable democracy in East Central Europe and the former Soviet Union.

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JAHN, DETLEF, and FERDINAND MÜLLER-ROMMEL. "Political Institutions and Policy Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Central and Eastern Europe." Journal of Public Policy 30, no. 1 (February 25, 2010): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x09990250.

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AbstractThe impact of political institutions on policy performance has been a major research question in studies of advanced democracies. This study analyzes the effects of institutions and political actors on economic, social and environmental policies in ten Central Eastern European countries from 1995 to 2004. Using time-series-cross section (TSCS) regression analysis, this study shows that the impact of institutional veto players on policy output is more significant than international pressure. Moreover, the communist legacy has a much higher effect on policy output than expected.

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Brenkevičiūtė, Raimonda. "ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLUENCE ON NATIONAL ECONOMY." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.028.

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In the paper there were analyzed foreign direct investments (FDI) in the ten Central and East Europe countries which are included in the European Union (EU). IT is theoretically and virtually justified positive and negative FDI influence to country’s economic growth. Based on statistical data there were written up FDI dynamics in the world, Central and Eastern Europe countries. There were analyzed applications of FDI incentives. There were given the methodology which allows quantifying connection strength between GDP and FDI flows in the analyzing countries using correlation analysis. Results of analysis allow proving hypothesis (it is existing positive link between FDI and GDP inflows in the Central and East Europe countries) and enable to plan economic policy in aspect of foreign capital more exactly.

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MOLDOVAN, Bogdan Cosmin. "POLAND – MODEL OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE." Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 31, no. 31(1) (July 15, 2022): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)022.

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Regional development plays an important role in the economic and social policy of each Member State of the European Union. In this article, we have analyzed the absorption of European funds in Poland, their impact on regional development and identified the pragmatic ways to improve absorption, which will be useful in future financial years. The aim of the research is to identify the structure of the absorption system, the components on which it is built, the mode of operation and the determinants of the absorption process.

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Liu, Jin. "Correlation Analysis of Social Transition, Economic Management and Educational Reform in China and Europe." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 4154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.1.191.

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In the context of social transformation in China and Europe, economic management reform in China and Europe is struggling, and education development is in urgent need of innovation. Based on the above situation, this article puts forward a study on the economic management and education reform of China and Europe. With the continuous deepening of social transformation and economic management reform in China and Europe, this article analyzes the correlation between social transformation and economic management reform in China and Europe, and constructs a correlation matrix of social transformation and economic management in China and Europe in the form of input value or output value. Favorable conditions for the rapid economic growth of Central European countries: establish a well-functioning market economy system, implement export-oriented economic policies, promote economic growth, make full use of the geographical advantages of China and Europe in social transformation and economic management reform, and population growth in China and Europe The slow characteristic is conducive to economic management reform. In the context of the social transformation of China and Europe, it puts forward suggestions on China-EU education reform to promote the sound development of European social education. In the year of economic recovery in Europe, the situation of economic management and social production in China and Europe has gradually improved. The GDPs of Central and European countries have got rid of negative growth, the inflation rate has continued to decline, and the development potential of social and economic management reform in China and Europe has gradually emerged. This is of great significance to promoting regional and global stability and development.

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Schiefer, Jasmin, Margarethe Überwimmer, Robert Füreder, and Yasel Costa. "Obstacles and Challenges of Business Succession in Central Europe." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, no. 5 (2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.45.3004.

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The transfer of a business to the next generation is a very important issue entailing several different social and economic influences. Failed business successions cause a loss of jobs, company knowledge and innovation potential. Creating an environment where business transfer is supported should therefore be of major importance for company owners and for policy makers. For better succession planning it is important to know the obstacles and challenges associated with business succession. Especially Eastern European countries face many challenges as these countries have no experience in business succession. To analyze the obstacles and challenges of business succession in Central Europe, three Eastern countries (CZ, SK and PL) with no experience in business succession were analyzed and compared to Austria where half of family businesses are at least in their second generation. Literature analysis and two focus groups with stakeholders (local public authorities and private entrepreneurs) were undertaken in all four countries. The results show that one of the main obstacles and challenges for business succession is the absence of a successor. Especially in Austria, this is recognized as the main obstacle. The Eastern countries (CZ, SK and PL) face different challenges to Austria that can mainly be explained by the lack of experience and supporting schemes for business succession. Especially knowledge and awareness related obstacles play an important role in Eastern European countries. Business succession is an individual process involving many emotions; therefore psychological and social issues are perceived as a huge obstacle in each analyzed country. Austria has a lot of experience with successful business transfers and offers various support mechanisms. However, many similar problems to Eastern countries were detected. A change of the business succession environment and the raising of awareness of the topic is therefore necessary in all investigated countries.

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Herzog, Bodo. "Judgment of the German Federal Constitutional Court (2 BvR 859/15) on the Public Sector Purchase Programme of the ECB: An Interdisciplinary Analysis." European Public Law 27, Issue 4 (December 1, 2021): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2021032.

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On 5 May 2020, the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany announced in a momentous ruling that the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) of the European Central Bank (ECB) exceeds European Union (EU) competences. This decision initiated a lively debate in law and economics all over Europe. This article provides a unique interdisciplinary reading of the ruling in order to clarify the line of argument. Considering a cross-disciplinary view enlightens the understanding of the historic judgment. Ultra-Vires, European Court of Justice, German Federal Constitutional Court, Public Sector Purchase Programme, European Central Bank, Monetary vs. Economic Policy, Economic and Monetary Union

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Lehto, Juhani. "Opportunities for Alcohol Policy in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe." Nordisk Alkoholtisdkrift (Nordic Alcohol Studies) 11, no. 5-6 (October 1994): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072594011005-602.

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Both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems are, it is claimed, rapidly increasing problems in Central and Eastern Europe, due to the transition period. The article presents some available data and discusses the problems in making conclusions from rather inaccurate statistics. The second objective is to discuss the opportunities for effective alcohol policies, and the relevance of the studies made in established market economies, such as the Anglo-American and Scandinavian countries. An important condition for a control policy, the author concludes, is the re-establishment of a basic regulation of the alcohol market, now missing in these countries. Otherwise any policy measures will be ineffective or even counterproductive. The process will probably be different in different countries, due to differences in the economic restructuring and recovery, and to differences between the “beer”, “wine”, and “vodka” cultures.

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Barrell, Ray J., and Sylvia Gottschalk. "Fiscal Policy in Europe." National Institute Economic Review 201 (July 2007): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950107083047.

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In the past twelve months the government budget situation in Germany has improved markedly, and the budget deficit has moved from 3.2 per cent of GDP in 2005 to 1.7 per cent in 2006, with further improvements in prospect. Over the same period in France, the budget deficit moved marginally from 3 per cent of GDP in 2005 to 2.5 per cent of GDP in 2006. The prospects for further improvement appear limited as the new government plans to cut taxes to stimulate the economy. Projections for budget deficits are very uncertain, as they are the difference between two large numbers (receipts and spending) that are difficult to predict accurately. Figures 1 and 2 plot the errors around our budget projections for France and Germany based on stochastic simulations on NiGEM. The 95 per cent confidence limit for our forecast one year ahead is around 1 per cent of GDP around our central forecast, and uncertainty increases into the future. As we can see from figures 3 and 4, our forecast errors for France and Germany have been well within the 95 per cent bands in the past three years, except for our one year ahead forecast for Germany for 2006. The budget improved by 1.5 per cent of GDP more than we had anticipated, and this appears to have been due to unexpectedly high tax receipts, rather than to changed policy.

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Darvas, Zsolt. "Exchange Rate Policy and Economic Growth after the Financial Crisis in Central and Eastern Europe." Eurasian Geography and Economics 52, no. 3 (May 2011): 390–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1539-7216.52.3.390.

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37

Van den End, Jan Willem, and Yakov Ben-Haim. "Robust Policy in Times of Pandemic." Intereconomics 56, no. 2 (March 2021): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-021-0961-1.

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AbstractThe pandemic exposes policymakers to fundamental uncertainties about future economic scenarios. While policymakers have to act forcefully to mitigate the impact on the economy, these conditions call for policy strategies that are also robust to uncertainty. This article compares two concepts of robust strategies: robust control and robust satisficing. It argues that a robust satisficing strategy is preferred and shows that the crisis responses of governments and central banks in Europe share features of robust satisficing in several dimensions.

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Miljković, Miloš, and Bruno Đuran. "Specificity of transition in the countries of Central and Southeast Europe." Odrzivi razvoj 4, no. 2 (2022): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/odrraz2202045m.

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Privatization was one of the largest reform processes in the countries of Central and Southeastern Europe. In the economic literature, privatization in countries in transition is seen as an integral part of the process of liberalization and stabilization of the economy, which transfers property rights from the state to private entities. The main goal of privatization should be to increase the efficiency of business operations through better management, lower operating costs and increased competitiveness. The main problem that arose before the creators of the economic policy of countries in transition in the case of privatization was, among other things, how to transfer the ownership of the largest part of companies in an economy in which there is no private savings and not enough foreign direct investments into private hands. The paper presents the methods of company privatization, market reactions, the level of employment, and finally, the transition of this part of Europe was compared with the events characteristic of Serbia.

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Ágh, Attila. "The Transition to Democracy in Central Europe: A Comparative View." Journal of Public Policy 11, no. 2 (April 1991): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00006176.

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ABSTRACTThe collapse of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe has also caused the collapse of old-fashioned studies of Communist systems that subscribed to a simple notion of totalitarian uniformity, or a static belief in the continuance of self-equilibrating cycles within socialist states. To understand what is happening in Central and Eastern Europe today we need to be discriminating in a choice of paradigms. European conceptions of democracy as having a socio-economic as well as political dimension are more relevant than formalist American definitions. Moreover, Europe, in the form of the European Community, is also a much more immediate influence than the United States upon what is happening in Central or Eastern Europe. The transition to democracy in Southern Europe provides encouraging models for ex-Soviet satellites. The failure of Latin American countries to democratize provides warnings, such as the risk that Presidential government can produce dictatorship or instability, a risk that is present in new democracies in Europe too.

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Berentsen, W. H. "Relationships between Trends in Regional Development and Regional Policy Goals in Central Europe, 1950–1980." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 1 (March 1987): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050105.

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The paper presents results from empirical analyses of regional social and economic well-being in Central Europe between 1950 and 1980. Declines in regional inequalities during the study period are probably greater than can be explained by a coinciding trend toward greater regional dispersion of industrial employment. The latter, a goal of regional policy in all Central European nations, also has neither completely eradicated preexisting regional problems nor forestalled the emergence of new ones in old, highly specialized heavily industrialized areas. The lingering and the newly recognized regional problems have led many European regional scientists to call for new regional policies to cope with a new set of world economic conditions.

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Martin, Reiner. "Financing EU cohesion policy in Central and Eastern Europe." Intereconomics 33, no. 3 (May 1998): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02926817.

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Somlyody, L. "Quo vadis water quality management in central and eastern Europe?" Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0219.

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Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries are going through unique political, economic, institutional, and social changes associated with the heritage of serious pollution problems from the past. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the water quality management strategies CEE countries may take including the rationale of introducing Western policies in the short run. The policy to be selected must be viable under the existing pressing financial conditions and should feasibly be expanded towards a long-term sustainable scenario as economy improves. As a basis the present economic, social, and institutional setting is outlined, and the state of water quality and the role of emissions of various origins are summarized. A special focus is devoted to municipalities with low and unbalanced levels of infrastructure; the development of these infrastructures could be aburden even for stable economies. An overview and evaluation are given for the water supply, sewerage, and wastewater treatment for urban areas with populations greater than 25,000 in five countries of the CEE region together with a discussion of legislation issues. Major elements of cost-effective development strategies are discussed and illustrated by examples. They incorporate improved demand management and the closing of material cycles, the upgrading of wastewater treatment facilities to match the level of sewerage, the application of regionally variable effluent (and/or ambient) water quality standards and their gradual tightening based on a river basin approach, the innovative selection of combined chemical-biological technologies (for both upgrading and new design) depending on local conditions and the multi-stage development of wastewater treatment plants. The policy suggested for the next couple of decades is characterized by a number of non-uniformities which raises considerable implementation challenges.

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Friz, Katharina, and Jutta Günther. "Innovation and economic crisis in transition economies." Eurasian Business Review 11, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 537–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40821-021-00192-y.

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AbstractBased on Schumpeterian theoretical considerations, this paper investigates the innovation behavior of firms during the severe economic crisis of the year 2008/2009. It focuses on transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which have completely restructured their innovation systems through the course of transition from planned to market economies a relatively short time ago. As a result of the crisis, we observe a strong decline of innovation activity in all transition economies. In line with the literature, there is, however, empirical evidence for both creative destruction as well as creative accumulation. This underlines two key findings: firstly, the universality and durability of Schumpeterian assumptions, and secondly, a call for anti-cyclical innovation policy.

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Fedorov, Yury E. "Continuity and change in Russia’s policy toward Central and Eastern Europe." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46, no. 3 (July 11, 2013): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.06.003.

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The accession of the CEE states to NATO and the European Union has put an end to the geopolitical ambiguity and implicit insecurity in the region between Russia and the socalled ‘Old Europe’. Instead of being an area of great powers’ rivalry, elements of ‘buffer belts’ lacking meaningful strategic options, objects of raw Nazi-Soviet deals, or zones under Russian occupation and domination, the three Baltic States and the Visegrad group countries became full-fledged members of the European Union and were given NATO’s security guarantees. By the middle of the 2000s, one would conclude that traditional geopolitics had ended in this region. However, the changes in the strategic situation in CEE have not changed the deep rooted moving forces and long-term strategic goals of the Russian policy toward the region.Moscow seeks to have the position, as its official rhetoric says, of an ‘influential centre of a multipolar world’ that would be nearly equal to the USA, China, or the EU. With this in view Moscow seeks for the establishment of its domination over the new independent states of the former USSR and for the formation of a sphere of influence for itself in Central Eastern Europe. If it achieves these goals, then Europe may return once again to traditional geopolitics fraught with great power rivalries and permanent instabilities radiating far beyond CEE borders. Yet a few questions remain. Has Russia come to the conclusion that attempting to restore its privileged position of influence in Central-Eastern Europe is wrong? Has Russia enough power to threaten the CEE countries? How credible are NATO’s security guarantees? How may Russian behavior in CEE affect a wider European geopolitical context? These questions are appropriate in the light of Russia’s ‘resurgence’ as a revanchist power and because Russia is, and most probably will remain in the next five to ten years, a weighty economic and strategic factor in areas along the Western borders of the former USSR.

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FARROW, SCOTT. "The duality of taxes and tradable permits: A survey with applications in Central and Eastern Europe." Environment and Development Economics 4, no. 4 (October 1999): 519–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x99000315.

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Economic instruments such as taxes and tradable permits have been promoted as efficiency improving policies in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and elsewhere. The little noticed potential for a symmetric equity impact from the two instruments in a world without distortions is first discussed. A specific policy option is suggested in which existing environmental taxes in Central and Eastern Europe can be increased without imposing additional financial burdens in industry if appropriate tax credits are provided. Second, conditions in Central and Eastern Europe are identified that reduce the change of efficiency losses in a general equilibrium setting when distortions exist. The trade-off between efficiency and equity in such a setting is found to depend on country-specific parameters and to be reduced if: (1) a cost-effective policy is implemented, (2) environmental assets can be distributed prior to privatization, and (3) government expenditures can decline.

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Kuzkin, Yevgen, Tetiana Cherkashyna, Natalia Nebaba, and Bozena Kuchmacz. "Economic growth of the country and national intellectual capital (evidence from the post-socialist countries of the central and eastern Europe)." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(1).2019.30.

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The purpose of the article is to study the innovation levers of developing the intellectual background for economic growth in two groups of post-socialist Central and Eastern European countries (middle-income and lower-middle-income countries). To achieve that, the quantitative effect of the national intellectual capital components (human capital, market capital, structural capital and capital of renewal and development) on the dynamics of the countries’ economic growth was determined.For both groups, multiple regressions have been constructed that reflect the quantitative relationship between the economic growth rates (in the regressions – the indicator of real gross domestic product per capita) and the components of national intellectual capital in 2010–2018. It has been established that the key innovative indicator of the economic growth of middle-income countries is the national capital of renewal and development, which in general corresponds to the pan-European model of innovation and investment development. Education is the main factor that provides the basis for the economic growth of lower-middle-income countries. Recommendations on improvement of national innovation policy are offered.

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Angresano, James. "Evolving Socio-economic Conditions in Central and Eastern Europe: A Myrdalian View." Development Policy Review 12, no. 3 (September 1994): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.1994.tb00067.x.

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Pichler, Rupert. "Economic policy and development in Austrian Lombardy, 1815–1859." Modern Italy 6, no. 1 (May 2001): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940120045551.

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SummaryThe question of economic integration is not new in Europe. Historically, the birth and construction of nation-states was important in stimulating interest in the systematic relationships between political and economic integration. In the case of the multinational structure of the Habsburg monarchy in the nineteenth century, the result was an economic policy that, for political reasons, aimed to unite the material interests of a state that was completely heterogeneous in other respects. Lombardy was a case in point. Traditionally the region had been in the economic vanguard in central Europe. When it again became part of Austria in 1815 it also became subject to the imperial policy of political integration. As a result its economic priorities were partially reformulated. On the one hand, Austria had a protectionist system aimed at autarky which made incentives to industrial production a priority. Lombardy's purely mercantilist outlook, on the other hand, was based around the production of a few highly specialized goods, most notably silk, for export. Conflict between economic interests in Lombardy was the inevitable result. Nevertheless, the imperial government had to take account of the fact that it was impossible to restrict Lombardy's international trade relations exclusively to the Austrian market. And the problems that beset any effort to tie the Lombard economy into a denser network of relationships with the Austrian market were not due to the political formation of the Italian nation because Northern Italy, and Lombardy in particular, continued to occupy an anomalous position within the context of the Italian economy.

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Ghebrezgabher, Mihretab G., and Temesghen E. Sereke. "Assessment of the Trend and Development of Regional Economy in Central Asia." Global Business & Economics Anthology Volume II, December 2021 (December 30, 2021): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47341/21122.

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Assessment the trend of regional economic development is significant to address the economic situation and developmental policy. This study assesses the regional economic development in Central Asia since 1992. Several developmental indicators were applied. The results demonstrated that the regional economy was gradually growing. Relatively, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan enjoyed a rapid economic growth. Production of oil increased in Kazakhstan as exporting rose to China whereas declined in Uzbekistan – shifted to natural gas. Central Asia is moving gradually toward industrial and trade economic sector. Nevertheless, enormous natural resources were exported from Central Asia to China and Russia, and strong economic relationship was established with Europe, India and Algeria. Therefore, this research is significant for general understanding in economic growth of Central Asia, and it may be helpful for further studies.

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Epstein, Rachel A. "Cultivating Consensus and Creating Conflict." Comparative Political Studies 39, no. 8 (October 2006): 1019–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414005279259.

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In Central and Eastern Europe, economic reform consistent with Bretton Woods and European Union (EU) demands has replicated not only the rules and institutions that prevail in Western societies but also their patterns of consensus and conflict. Although central bank policy has been largely depoliticized in the 2004 accession states through the institutionalization of central bank independence, agricultural interests were mobilized—in some instances against the EU—in the course of accession negotiations. This article argues that as they engage in the explicit transfer of economic policy to post-communist states, international institutions simultaneously transmit beliefs about who has legitimate claims on the state. The methods through which international institutions help construct new markets in transition states have consequences for the development of domestic cleavages and for the cultivation of political support for economic integration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Europe, Central – Economic policy'

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