Journal articles on the topic 'Europa (Building : Brussels, Belgium)'

A mesterséges intelligencia nyomában – Konferenciabeszámolók Beszámoló a V4 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018. október 11., Brüsszel, Belgium), a Making AI at Google (2018. november 6–7., Amszterdam, Hollandia)és a The Aspen Institute Central Europe, PUBLIC DEBATE: Beyond Human. Trust in Machines and AI és WORKSHOP: Building the Future: Addressing the Opportunities and Challenges of an AI-Enabled World (2019. január 22–23., Prága, Csehország) rendezvényekről. --- In the footsteps of artificial intelligence – Conference reports Conference reports on V4 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (11 October 2018., Brussels, Belgium), the Making AI at Google (6-7 November 2018., Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and The Aspen Institute Central Europe, PUBLIC DEBATE: Beyond Human. Trust in Machines and AI és WORKSHOP: Building the Future: Addressing the Opportunities and Challenges of an AI-Enabled World (22-23 January 2019., Práague, Czechia).

This paper provides the first outline of the history of the Polish Catholic Mission (PCM) in Belgium, focusing on its role in the Polish immigrant community from 1926 to 2023. It examines the transformation of the PCM and its impact on the Polish diaspora, considering the broader context of secularization and social changes. The study utilizes primary sources, interviews, and participant observations to explore the PCM’s influence on community building, cultural preservation, and social capital formation within the Polish immigrant population in Belgium.

Building on research that problematizes how Filipinos embrace in varying degrees Roman Catholicism, my study probes how differentiated Filipino migrants intimately explore and experience Roman Catholicism's malleability as they create Filipino Chaplaincy in Brussels, Belgium. Using data gathered from the archives, interviews, and participant observation, this ethnographic study demonstrates that "standing for the marginalized" among the Roman Catholic principles, socio-political circumstances in Belgium, and the interpersonal relations within the Filipino community as potent forces for religious authorities as well as Filipino Catholic leaders' desire and project. While my study argues, these areas unveil the Filipino Catholics' strategic moves to create Filipino chaplaincy in Brussels. They also take their share in objectifying Roman Catholicism's very structuring mechanisms. By looking at this distinctive and religious form, we can inform critiques of the mainstream account of anthropology and, by extension, social science to the study of Catholicism.

This Forum contribution presents fragmented accounts of historical narratives collected while conducting ethnographic fieldwork among civil servants in and around the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium. It focuses on the roles that heritage-making practices play in articulating European identity and belonging within these institutional spaces. In the ongoing debates over ‘bridges’ and ‘walls’, Commission officials advocate building the former and tearing down the latter. The European heritage narratives they enact tell the story of a supranational community formed from the expansion of external borders and the elimination of internal ones. Through the transcendence of borders, both physical and cognitive, geographic distances and social differences are made increasingly irrelevant. Their efforts in this regard are nonetheless hindered by futurist temporalities that orient Europeanness in opposition to the past.

This paper explored the temporary facilities created during the pandemic for use as COVID-19 test centers at Zaventem Airport, the main airport for the city of Brussels, Belgium. The possibilities of modular construction technology and the impact of the building envelope on users’ perception of indoor space comfort and privacy were closely observed. The three main problem statements were as follows: (1) the COVID-19 crisis indirectly influenced the creation of temporary modular buildings with glass envelopes; (2) the modular envelope is adaptable to the existing context; and (3) the envelope meets the needs of the users. This study’s objectives were to identify the critical factors for users’ well-being in temporary modular buildings, and to conduct factor comparisons among different users and between different building-enclosure systems. The study data were collected through a subjective assessment using a SWOT analysis and a survey questionnaire. The glass facade affected the users’ acceptance levels of comfort and privacy. The main results show that the users were satisfied with the level of comfort and dissatisfied with the level of privacy. This information can be used to identify areas for improvement and provide useful feedback to designers and engineers about specific design features and operating strategies for temporary modular emergency healthcare buildings.

Abstract An increasing number of cities and regions are promoting reuse as a key strategy in the transition towards a more circular economy in the construction sector. However, the reuse supply chains for building services are currently underdeveloped in most cities and regions. There is a need for a better understanding of the material flows at the city and regional levels. This study describes a bottom-up approach to quantify material flows related to building services as well as their embodied environmental and economic flows. It relies on the selection of a minimum of 1 new construction or renovation project representing material inflows and 1 demolition or renovation project representing material outflows. Actual products from bill of quantities and pre-demolition audits are mapped against a list of 234 archetypes, and archetypal inflows and outflows are extrapolated to the city or regional level. This model is applied to all office buildings in the Region of Brussels, Belgium. Results show that rectangular ductwork is responsible for almost 30% of annual inflows of building services, which amount to 32 km/year, 1,6 kt/year, require 96 thousand m3 of freshwater/year, 131 TJ of primary energy/year, emit 9,9 kt CO2 eq/year, cost 3;4 MEUR/year to project developers, and whose installation in buildings represents 51 khours/year. In addition, results show that the outflows of black steel pipes, recessed luminaires and electrical cables exceed the inflows on an annual basis, suggesting that there is significant potential for covering needs through the reuse of those products.

The advent and early developments of reinforced concrete were related to national patenting. This paper proposes an in-depth study of the logic of reinforced concrete patents at the turn of the 20th century, based on the case of Belgium. Before the First World War, a considerable number of systems were patented by private inventors for commercial purposes. Patents on reinforced concrete constitute today a primary source of information, both for their technical content and for the assessment of the market penetration of the innovative material. The scientific reliability of these patents is variable and ranges from the rational to the unrealistic. Propagation of reinforced concrete occurred following international trends, such as Hennebique or Monier, or by local inventors, mainly building contractors. Reinforced concrete started to be considered as a structural material after the French engineering standard of 1906, adopted by Belgium. Moreover, examining these patents helps to understand the structural specificities of the early phase of reinforced concrete. Therefore, this study enhances the conservation process of such construction.

Abstract From 2016 until 2019, the Circular Retrofit Lab (CRL) was realised within the H2020-funded project Building As Material Banks (BAMB). The CRL was an experimental pilot project concerning the refurbishment of eight student housing modules in Brussels, Belgium. The lab aims to demonstrate how to implement circular building design in a retrofitting project. This paper discusses the design choices and the outcome of the CRL’s building envelope. That envelope consists of a modular façade system of prefabricated panels. The innovative, adaptable and reusable building solutions applied in the CRL have been developed in collaboration with various construction stakeholders and included, exceptionally in the design and construction process, also industrial partners. In this study, we go deeper into the impact of the multi-disciplinary approach on the resulting implementation of a circular building envelope. Through a reflexive learning-history workshop, we can show how the involvement of various actors and unconventional circularity requirements increase the complexity of the project, but also how they positively impact the reactivation of existing buildings and proved to be a lasting learning opportunity to all partners involved.

Abstract Belgium, like other countries, is experiencing a significant shortage of affordable housing. At the same time, our cities experience large vacancies. Reconversion of vacant office buildings to housing would be a potential strategy to deal with both problems. However, these types of projects are often complex as not all buildings facilitate such changes. Therefore, this paper aims to explore to which extent circular design qualities are applied and how this could improve the environmental impact and the (long-term) affordability. First, a long list of different reconversion projects in Belgium was created and analysed through a literature study and by checking numerous articles and permit applications. Four case studies, located in Brussels and the only found cases meant for social housing, were investigated in more detail. Through multiple interviews, the strategies applied in the projects were identified and divided into three categories: design, social and circular strategies over the different shearing layers of a building as defined by Brandt (1994) and Paduart (2012). The social strategies focus on providing quality for the inhabitants such as through the creation of common spaces.

This article describes the creation of the Journalism Studies Network (REJ) between the University of Brasilia and the University of Rennes 1 (Lannion), to which other French-language research centers such as the University of Laval, Quebec, and more recently the Free University of Brussels also joined. Joint research started in 2000 and is still active today in international cooperation involving dozens of teachers and students from different institutions. Periodic meetings are held at different institutions and countries to present and discuss topics related to ongoing research, from epistemological issues to comparative reports on field research.O artigo a seguir trata de remontar às origens da criação da Rede de estudos sobre jornalismo – REJ, entre a Universidade de Brasília e a Universidade de Rennes 1 (Lannion) ao qual vieram se agregar outros centros de pesquisa em língua francesa tais como a Universidade de Laval, Quebec, e mais recentemente a Universidade Livre de Bruxelas. As pesquisas conjuntas, iniciadas a partir de 2000, se mantêm ativas atualmente dentro de um contexto de cooperação internacional que envolve dezenas de professores e alunos de diferentes instituições. Encontros periódicos são realizados em diferentes instituições e países a fim de apresentar e debater temas relativos a pesquisas em andamento, desde questões epistemológicas até relatos comparativos sobre pesquisas de campo.El siguiente artículo se remonta a los orígenes de la creación de la Red de Estudios de Periodismo – REJ ­–, entre la Universidad de Brasilia y la Universidad de Rennes 1 (Lannion), a la que se agregaron otros centros de investigación en lengua francesa como la Universidad Laval, Quebec, y más recientemente la Universidad Libre de Bruselas. La investigación conjunta iniciada desde 2000 sigue activa en la actualidad en un contexto de cooperación internacional que involucra a docenas de profesores y estudiantes de diferentes instituciones. Se realizan reuniones periódicas en diferentes instituciones y países para presentar y discutir temas relacionados con la investigación en curso, desde cuestiones epistemológicas hasta informes comparativos sobre investigación de campo.

This field study evaluated the building performance of a nearly zero-energy office building near Brussels, Belgium, located in the temperate climatic zone. The building’s thermal comfort and energy parameters were monitored from May 2018 to April 2019. The time-integrated thermal discomfort, primary energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions from the building were then analyzed using the monitored data. The case study evaluated the HVAC system performance with an air-cooled chiller with water cooling coils and a water boiler with water heating coils. The findings indicated an indoor overheating degree of 0.05 °C and an indoor overcooling degree of 0 °C for the observed period. The building’s primary cooling energy use was found to be 37.54 kWhPE/m2.a and primary heating energy use was found to be 46.08 kWhPE/m2.a for the monitored period. The cooling and heating greenhouse gas emissions were 10.14 kg.CO2e/m2.a and 8.34 kg.CO2e/m2.a, respectively. The observed data also indicated that the HVAC system in the building was operational throughout the monitoring period from May 2018 to April 2019, including a 24/7 schedule. Finally, the paper provided implications for practice and future work based on the study findings.

Abstract This article argues that there is a growing discrepancy between theological and critical approaches to mission: while critical mission studies have abandoned teleological frameworks for the narration of mission history, historico-theological teleologies still prove to be influential in theological conceptualizations of mission. As a result, there is a lack of theological language that can respond constructively to the interdisciplinary re-reading of mission history – mission theology is immunized from the interdisciplinary critique of mission history. Based on this diagnosis, this article asks what kind of theological approach can account for the complex entanglements of Christian knowledge production into the deadly politics of modern colonialism. Taking an interdisciplinary approach that intersects theology and postcolonial trauma studies, it investigates the narratives of decolonization that emerged around the recent renovation of the Afrika Museum in Brussels, Belgium, and develops from this analysis building blocks towards a ‘spectral theology.’

Abstract Infrastructure transportation assets represent a significant share of environmental effects associated with built stocks. Although there is a growing body of knowledge on the life cycle assessment of buildings and material flow analysis of building stocks, infrastructure assets have received less attention. Existing life cycle assessment studies tend to rely on process analysis which is known to underestimate embodied environmental flows. The aim of this paper is to introduce a bottom-up parametric model for infrastructure transport assets, which can support a detailed characterization of the stock in a consistent and transparent manner. It relies on comprehensive hybrid exchange data for the quantification. This paper establishes the approach and equations used in the proposed model. The model consists of four main steps, namely: developing parametric representations of transport infrastructure assets, quantifying their material stock and replacement-related flows, quantifying life cycle embodied environmental flows and visualizing the results. One pilot case study of a road (including pedestrian sidewalks and bike lanes) and light railway, is used to demonstrate the model. Results assessing this pilot case study over 60 years are presented, including the material stock and replacement flows, as well as life cycle embodied greenhouse gas emissions (LCEGHG). Together these results provide important insights into material/infrastructure asset hotspots assets (e.g. steel lighting posts). Emissions-intensive material products and assets have a notable impact on results of LCEGHG, and they dominate both Initial greenhouse gas emissions (IEGHG) and recurrent greenhouse gas emissions (REGHG). However, they contribute marginally to the total mass. Another important observation is the significance of REGHG representing ~30% of LCEGHG. Interestingly, steel, asphalt and concrete are the main contributors to both REGHG and IEGHG. Future research consists of automating the proposed model and packaging it as a python-based Rhinoceros Grasshopper plugin before conducting testing and verification.

Abstract Due to the heritage value of historical buildings, the external facade can often not be modified. Therefore, heritage buildings require interior insulation when undergoing an energy renovation. However, interior retrofitting drastically changes the hygrothermal behaviour of a wall and can potentially cause moisture-related problems. Besides an interior retrofit, a changing climate might also trigger some of these damage mechanisms since parameters such as temperature and precipitation will change over time. It is proven that hygrothermal models can provide relevant insights into the risk of deterioration associated with these damage phenomena. Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) tools are commercially available but rarely used in the building industry to study deterioration risks. Translating research into practical tools and guidelines is a challenge across the whole field of building renovation. This paper aims to tackle that challenge, by means of creating a hygrothermal risk assessment tool based on 48,384 HAM-simulations for the climate of Brussels, Belgium. Seven different performance criteria are addressed and discussed: freeze-thaw damage, mould growth, wood rot, corrosion, moisture accumulation, salt efflorescence and bio-colonisation. Subsequent to a sensitivity analysis, the study further investigates how these results can be translated into practice, providing building practitioners the most suitable insights and recommendations.

Daylight access in healthcare facilities is essential for creating comfortable ambiance conditions for the patients during their accommodation in a hospital. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the window size, the location (Paralimni in Cyprus and Brussels in Belgium), the room orientation and patients’ gaze direction have an impact on visual and non-visual effects. This research focuses on hospitals’ most typical patient room: the double room (3.50m * 5.50m). The building parameters under study arc eight orientations and three window sizes. Moreover, other parameters are the timing (season and hour in a day), the patient placement inside the room, and the patient gaze directions. For this study, computer simulations are used for daylight assessment using climatc-bascd daylight metrics and CIE S026 melanopic metrics for non-visual effects. Research findings show that it is possible to examine design options through a comprehensive investigation of climatc-bascd daylight metrics and CIE S 026 melanopic metrics for optimised performance for visual and non-visual effects.

Optimisation algorithms offer a valuable tool for enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings by fine-tuning specific design parameters. Model Predictive Control (MPC) emerges as a compelling technology to address the rising need for improved efficiency and adaptable operation within building energy systems. A simulation study using MATLAB and EnergyPlus was conducted to examine the influence of MPC and building design optimisation (BDO) on wall insulation thickness and internal mass area. The focus was on their impact on heating energy use and indoor thermal comfort in an office room located in Brussels, Belgium. The study revealed that the sole implementation of MPC led to a 7.6% decrease in heating energy use, while the application of BDO resulted in a more significant reduction of 12.8%. Remarkably, the fusion of MPC and BDO yielded the highest energy savings, cutting heating electricity usage by 23.4% compared to the baseline model. Moreover, MPC effectively maintained indoor temperature within the desired thermal comfort boundaries. The optimal wall insulation thickness and internal mass area were also ascertained through BDO, both of which exceeded the levels set by the baseline model. BDO, in conjunction with MPC, demanded the maximum permissible insulation thickness of 320 mm for the external north and south walls. Interestingly, when BDO was combined with MPC, the requirement for the internal mass area reduced by 11.7 m2 compared to utilising BDO alone. The study’s results underscore the potential of integrating MPC with BDO to elevate building energy efficiency. Furthermore, this strategy may be adaptable to optimising other building parameters at the early design stage, thereby augmenting overall building energy efficiency.

The urban built environment concentrates due to the growing urbanization trend, triggering construction and renovation works in urban areas. Although construction works often revitalize cities upon completion, the associated logistics activities engender a significant financial and environmental footprint if not handled appropriately. Cities have the largest potential to reduce negative impacts through requirements on construction logistics. However, today, there is a lack of knowledge within cities on how to set such demands and how to involve and manage the numerous and varying stakeholders in these processes. This paper presents a participatory decision-making framework for the governance of urban construction logistics on economic, environmental and societal levels, building further on the Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis (MAMCA). The framework was then implemented on a use case in the dense urban Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium), gathering a wide variety of stakeholders in the context of a sustainable Construction Logistics Scenario (CLS) evaluation. Special attention was paid on the identification of implementation barriers and the role of governments to facilitate the introduction and city-wide roll-out of novel CLS. Findings show how different processes are site-, actor- and condition-specific, thereby delivering a common built object which is often based on different motivations and concerns. The study proposes a flexible, replicable and upscalable framework both from an inter- and intracity perspective, which can serve to support (1) the management of processes and CLS, (2) the management of people and the community, and (3) the project and city, in the context of multi-level governance.

Abstract The implementation of occupancy-controlled and daylighting-dimmed lighting systems has an impact on the energy consumption of residential buildings. The BAC factor method of EN ISO 52120-1 estimates that 8% of the lighting energy can be saved compared to conventional manual control. However, it is assumed that their ability to potentially lower the lighting energy consumption is strongly related to external factors, such as the extent of daylight entrance and the behaviour of the inhabitants. By means of simulations in EnergyPlus, the performances of automated and manual lighting control are compared for an apartment and semi-detached building located in Brussels (Belgium) with variation in the occupant behaviour and orientation. It appears that an automated lighting control including 0-100% dimmer reduces the lighting energy demand for all investigated cases with savings up to 38.4%, whereas a similar control without dimmer does not necessarily reduce the lighting electricity demand. However, the results show a considerable variation, making prediction methods as the BAC factor method highly inaccurate. The actual relative energy performance depends on the automation system, type of building, orientation and occupant behaviour (i.e. number of inhabitants and occupancy rate). Hereby, the number of inhabitants has the most considerable impact on the relative energy performances with differences up to 50%, while the occupancy rate shows a significant correlation, especially for low numbers of inhabitants.

De grondwetsherzieningen veranderden België in een federale staat. Die dynamiek werkt verder door. Op dit moment zorgt dat voor een patstelling: de Vlaamse partijen willen meer autonomie op financieel en sociaal gebied, de Franstalige partijen houden vast aan het status quo. Op de achtergrond speelt de ongelijkmatige sociaaleconomische ontwikkeling van Vlaanderen en Wallonië en de vraag waarom de Waalse politieke elite (vooral de dominante socialistische partij) er na decennialange Belgische en Europese financiële steun er niet in geslaagd is om, zoals andere oud-industriële regio’s in Europa, voor een economische heropleving te zorgen. Dat immobilisme werkt aan Vlaamse kant radicaliserend in de richting van een vaag geformuleerd confederalisme en doet een minderheid voor separatisme pleiten. In de praktijk is een moeilijke afweging bezig tussen een op zich niet betwiste solidariteit enerzijds, een financiële responsabilisering voor gevoerd beleid anderzijds. De overgang van een in hoge mate door de nationale staat gesubsidieerd federalisme naar een verantwoordelijkheidsfederalisme. Sommige strekkingen willen tegelijkertijd de federale staat versterken.Daarnaast stelt zich de vraag naar de grondvesten van het Belgische model en de plaats van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest daarin. Moet dat ook bevoegd worden voor cultuur, onderwijs…die daar nu, vanwege de vroegere taalkundige discriminatie van de Vlamingen in Brussel, door respectievelijk de Vlaamse en de Franse Gemeenschap worden beheerd? En hoe moet de institutionele begrenzing van de 19 gemeenten in overeenstemming worden gebracht met die van het stadsgewest, het economisch hinterland (62 gemeenten)? In plaats van het Belgische en Brusselse model ingrijpend te wijzigen, is het meer aangewezen de communautaire samenwerking binnen het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest te verbeteren en tegelijkertijd te werken aan de uitbouw van een stadsgemeenschap in samenwerking met Vlaanderen en Wallonië. In dat opzicht kan het transnationale voorbeeld van de metropool Rijsel-Kortrijk-Doornik inspirerend werken.________A Discussion of the Belgian and the Brussels' modelThe amendments to the constitution turned Belgium into a federal state. This dynamics is still ongoing. At the moment this causes a stalemate: the Flemish parties demand more autonomy in the financial and social sector, whereas the French speaking parties insist on the status quo. This must be seen against the background of an unequal socio-economic development of Flanders and Wallonia and the question why the Walloon political elite (in particular the dominant Socialist Party) unlike other former industrial regions in Europe has not been able to ensure an economic revival after decades of Belgian and European Financial assistance. This paralysis has had a radicalising effect among the Flemish, favouring a rather vaguely formulated co-federalism and, for a minority, it has led to calls for separatism. In practice a difficult assessment is taking place between a non-contested solidarity on the one hand and a demand for financial accountability for the pursued policies on the other hand. It is a transition from a form of federalism, which had been highly subsidized by the national government to federalism with accountability. The purpose of some people is to reinforce the federal state at the same time.In addition the foundations of the Belgian model and the place of the Brussels Capital Region within this model must be questioned. Should it also be given competence for culture, education…which at present because of the former linguistic discrimination are managed by respectively the Flemish and the French community? And how should the institutional boundaries of the 19 communities be coordinated with those of the Capital Region, the economic hinterland (62 communities)? In stead of drastically changing the Belgian and the Brussels’ model it might be preferable to improve the cooperation between the communities within the Brussels Capital Region whilst at the same time working towards the expansion of a city community in cooperation with Flanders and Wallonia. In that respect the transnational example of the metropolis of Lille-Courtrai-Tournai could serve as inspiration.

Previous studies show that climate change has an impact on the damage risks in solid masonry facades. To conserve these valuable buildings, it is important to determine the projected change in damages for the original and internally insulated cases. Since historical masonry covers a wide range of properties, it is unknown how sensitive the climate change impact is to variations in different parameters, such as wall thickness, brick type, etc. A factorial study is performed to determine the climate change impact on freeze-thaw risk, mould growth and wood decay in solid masonry in Brussels, Belgium. It is found that the critical orientation equals the critical wind-driven rain orientation and does not change over time. Further, the freeze-thaw risk is generally decreasing, whereas the change in mould growth and wood decay depends on the climate scenario. Knowing the brick type and rain exposure coefficient is most important when assessing the climate change impact. For freeze-thaw risk and wood decay, it is found that simulating one wall thickness for the uninsulated and one insulated case is sufficient to represent the climate change impact. Finally, the effects of climate change generally do not compensate for the increase in damage after the application of internal insulation.

Indoor air quality on board a 36-year-old ship has been characterized at several locations. The ship is dedicated to nearshore operations at the Belgian coast. This paper presents time-averaged and continuous-time measurements of several indoor pollutant concentrations such as NO2, O3, NO, CO, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10, black carbon, and individual organic compounds. Time-averaged measurements suggest that the ship’s indoor air quality is sufficiently safe according to the prescribed occupational and nonoccupational health limits. However, the concentration of some indoor pollutants is comparable to that of the outdoor air of a large city such as Brussels, Belgium. Continuous-time analyses show that the temporal trends of indoor pollutant concentrations are inherently unstable. A large number of peaks or valleys are observed on a slowly fluctuating background. At some occasions, pollutant concentrations exceed the nonoccupational thresholds. Several pollutant peaks occur simultaneously, resulting in a pattern of peaks that is typical for a pollution source (e.g., exhaust gases entering the ship’s castle through the ventilation inlet, human presence, and bunkering). This study illustrates that multiparameter monitoring campaigns give valuable information about the behaviour of pollution sources, facilitating the definition of mitigation actions.

This study aims to demonstrate an integrated methodology for the valorisation of bakery former food products (FFP) as an ingredient of pig feed diets. The methodology involves: conducting a needs analysis and a full path traceability scheme based on Global Standards 1 (GS1) Organisation (Brussels, Belgium) standards, designing digital tools to support the implementation of the traceability scheme, and assessing the valorisation of FFP and, more specifically, of bakery by-products in bakery meal (BM) production, and its implementation in pig feed diet. BM production comprises various bakery by-products, which were collected, unpacked, grinded, and thermally treated. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were conducted on BM samples, mainly focusing on nutrient composition, and the presence of aflatoxins, mycotoxins, and pathogenic microorganisms. The BM was then fed to finishing pigs (at an inclusion rate of 20% w/w), in parallel to a control group fed with a conventional pig feed diet. The animals in both dietary groups were evaluated for growth performance, and meat samples were analysed for specific quality parameters and sensory characteristics. The results show that the addition of 20% w/w BM does not significantly affect the growth performance or the meat quality of the pigs. Moreover, a sensory evaluation revealed minor differences in the sensory characteristics of the meat samples, denoting that the BM addition does not seem to dwindle the final meat product.

In a previous study in Belgian nursing homes (NH) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, we found a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 17% with a large variability (0–45%) between NH. The current exploratory study aimed to identify nursing home-specific risk factors for high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. Between October 19th, 2020 and November 13th, 2020, during the second COVID-19 wave in Belgium, capillary blood was collected on dried blood spots from 60 residents and staff in each of the 20 participating NH in Flanders and Brussels. The presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies was assessed by ELISA. Risk factors were evaluated using a questionnaire, filled in by the director or manager of the NH. Assessed risk factors comprised community-related factors, resident-related factors, management and performance features as well as building-related aspects. The relation between risk factors and seroprevalence was assessed by applying random forest modelling, generalized linear models and Bayesian linear regression. The present analyses showed that the prevalence of residents with dementia, the scarcity of personal protective equipment (surgical masks, FFP2 masks, glasses and face shields), and inadequate PCR test capacity were related to a higher seroprevalence. Generally, our study put forward that the various aspects of infection prevention in NH require more attention and investment. This exploratory study suggests that the ratio of residents with dementia, the availability of test capacity and personal protective equipment may have played a role in the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of NH, after the first wave. It underscores the importance of the availability of PPE and education in infection prevention. Moreover, investments may also yield benefits in the prevention of other respiratory infections (such as influenza).

AbstractIntroduction:An earthquake is a hazard that may cause urgent needs requiring international assistance. To ensure rapid funding for such needs-based humanitarian assistance, swift decisions are needed. However, data to guide needs-based funding decisions are often missing in the acute phase, causing delays. Instead, it may be feasible to use data building on existing indexes that capture hazard and vulnerability information to serve as a rapid tool to prioritize funding according to the scale of needs: needs-based funding. However, to date, it is not known to what extent the indicators in the indexes can predict the scale of disaster needs. The aim of this study was to identify predictors for the scale of disaster needs after earthquakes.Methodology:The predictive performance of vulnerability indicators and outcome indicators of four commonly used disaster risk and severity indexes were assessed, both individually and in different combinations, using linear regression. The number of people who reportedly died or who were affected was used as an outcome variable for the scale of needs, using data from the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) provided by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters at the Université Catholique de Louvain (CRED; Brussels, Belgium) from 2007 through 2016. Root mean square error (RMSE) was used as the performance measure.Results:The assessed indicators did not predict the scale of needs. This attempt to create a multivariable model that included the indicators with the lowest RMSE did not result in any substantially improved performance.Conclusion:None of the indicators, nor any combination of the indicators, used in the four assessed indexes were able to predict the scale of needs in the assessed earthquakes with any precision.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify in what way logistics service providers are involved in the logistics operations of omnichannel retailers. Given the importance of logistics in omnichannel retail and the complexities that it brings forth, it is unclear if the current tendency towards logistics outsourcing continues, and how logistics service providers should adapt to remain relevant in the omnichannel retail environment. Design/methodology/approach The research draws on both desk and field research. The authors analysed the scientific information available on omnichannel retail logistics and conducted semi-structured expert interviews with food and non-food retailers that adopt an omnichannel model. Findings The research demonstrates distinct differences between food and non-food retailers. While food retailers are inclined to organise fulfilment and last mile activities in-house, non-food retailers partner closely with logistics service providers. Nonetheless, the store network of non-food retailers is attracting a growing part of logistics activities, which retailers are building themselves. To sustain their relevance in the omnichannel environment and strengthen their position for the future, the authors created a competency recommendation framework for logistics service providers, in which service differentiation is proposed as a viable direction for growth. Research limitations/implications The research is based on insights from retailers based in the Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium) and requires further and wider testing in other contexts and geographical areas. Practical implications The findings have strategic importance for retailers that are developing an omnichannel retail model and logistics service providers that (aim to) serve clients and operate activities within the retail sector. Originality/value The research provides a holistic view of logistics in omnichannel retail by identifying insourcing and outsourcing mechanisms and developing competency recommendations to fulfilment, internal transport and last mile transport in omnichannel retail.

Urban areas pay increasing attention to new construction and infrastructure works, mainly due to the rapid global rise in urbanisation. In the long run, these works have a positive correlation with the economic and social attractiveness of cities. Construction strongly relies on logistics activities, which cannot be neglected in the environmental equation. An important aspect in tackling the negative effects of construction logistics (CL) lies in understanding the source and mitigation potential of the impacts incurred. However, currently, limited robust impact assessments are available for this sector. Given the lack of these rigorous assessments, it is difficult to evaluate the environmental criteria concerned, especially when comparing innovative CL solutions. In this paper, we present a holistic sustainability assessment framework designed for CL activities based on life cycle approaches, which covers four main iterative steps: (1) goal and scope definition, (2) data identification and availability, (3) scenario and setup evaluation and (4) environmental impact assessment. To measure both the off-site and on-site CL impact, two distinct and complementary methodologies are used: External Cost Calculations and Life Cycle Assessment. The framework was implemented on a pilot case in the Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium). It provides a holistic view of CL impacts for policy evaluations and implementations on the project, portfolio or city level. The results show that off-site zero-emission construction vehicles are the way forward if cities want to achieve environmental goals by 2035. However, market readiness for high-capacity vehicles must be considered. Otherwise, the positive effects on air pollution, climate change and noise are offset by a saturation of the road transport network and its associated congestion and infrastructure damage costs.

Several organisations (i-mens, Steunpunt Mantelzorg, Hoplr, city of Aalst, sickness funds, Eerstelijnszone regio Aalst, informal carers organisations...) came together for the project ‘Neighbourhood Building Blocks’ to create a caring neighbourhood in a super-diverse area in Aalst, a city close to Brussels, Belgium. It is an area with an older ‘Belgian’ population and a younger population with a migration background. People in this neighbourhood are generally less wealthy, less healthy and more socially isolated than in other areas in Flanders. The goal of the project is to ensure that people only must ask help once to get the appropriate answer or support at the right time. To achieve this, we are creating a virtual and physical network of informal and formal support in the neighbourhood, putting together several existing building blocks: capacities of neighbours, professional care, volunteers, support for informal carers, a digital platform of neighbours (Hoplr) and the building complex of i-mens – a care organisation, with an office building for their home care services, a day care and service flats. The underlying assumption is that everyone has something to contribute and something to gain from the network. We have 3 intervention axes: 1. Neighbourly help network 2. Empowerment of informal carers 3. Connecting the professional care network with the informal network. We have a neighbourhood concierge and connector. She connects the 3 axes of the project, and ensures that the project is driven by and embedded in the neighbourhood, together with the key partners. We start from the capacities of neighbours (ABCD-model) to create neighbourly help networks, both offline and online. We match people based on their capacities and needs, and track this through a dashboard (people matched – help provided – after care). To find capacities and needs we organise activities and informal contact at the gathering room of the service flats and the meeting rooms of i-mens. All activities have 3 functions: information in group on rights and possible support, conversation and encounters in group (social contact), and one-on-one questions and support with individual cases. Learning from the experience of previous caring neighbourhoods, we give specific attention to informal carers. We know that they find it more difficult to rely on help from neighbours and professional caregivers. Empowering and informing informal carers through specific interventions ensures their involvement and support from the network. We connect professional actors (care organisations, local traders, …) with each other and with the informal actors, tailored to the needs and capacities of the neighbourhood. We aim to make professional support and care more accessible to people in the neighbourhood. At the back-office side, we are developing a decision-making tree so we know which question for help can be resolved by which formal or informal actor. The dashboard to match neighbourly help will be expanded in order to track matches with formal actors. We will present the first results of the project, and share experiences of neigbhours, informal carers and profesionnal actors.

Even though eco-efficiency (EE) is already applied to various energy systems, so far, no study investigates in detail the hourly, marginal and seasonal impacts of a decentralized energy system. This study assesses the hourly EE of the Research Park Zellik (RPZ), located in the Brussels metropolitan area for 2022 composed of photovoltaic installations, wind turbines and batteries. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) to identify the carbon footprint (CF) and a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) calculation is conducted. An existing design optimization framework is applied to the RPZ. Consumption data are obtained from smart meters of five consumers at the RPZ on a one-hour time resolution for 2022 and upscaled based on the annual consumption of the RPZ. As the EE is presented as the sum of the CF and the LCOE, a lower EE corresponds to an economically and environmentally preferable energy system. In a comparative framework, the developed method is applied to two different case studies, namely, (i) to an energy system in Vega de Valcerce in Spain and (ii) to an energy system in Bèli Bartoka in Poland. The average EE of the RPZ energy system in 2022 is 0.15 per kWh, while the average EE of the Polish and Spanish energy systems are 1.48 and 0.36 per kWh, respectively. When analyzing four selected weeks, both the LCOE and CF of the RPZ energy system are driven by the consumption of the Belgian electricity grid mix. In contrast, due to the very low LCOE and CF of the renewable energy sources, in particular wind turbines, the RPZ energy system’s EE benefits and lies below the EE of the Belgium electricity grid mix.

“Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 212 NOTICIAS / NEWS (“transfer”, 2017) 1) CONGRESOS / CONFERENCES: 1. 8th Asian Translation Traditions Conference: Conflicting Ideologies and Cultural Mediation – Hearing, Interpreting, Translating Global Voices SOAS, University of London, UK (5-7 July 2017) www.translationstudies.net/joomla3/index.php 2. 8th International Conference of the Iberian Association of Translation and Interpreting (AIETI8), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain (8-10 March 2017) www.aieti8.com/es/presentation 3. MultiMeDialecTranslation 7 – Dialect translation in multimedia University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (17-20 May 2017) https://mmdtgroup.org 4. Texts and Contexts: The Phenomenon of Boundaries Vilnius University, Lithuania (27-28 April 2017) www.khf.vu.lt/aktualijos/skelbimai/220-renginiai/1853-texts-andcontexts- the-phenomenon-of-boundaries 5. 21st FIT World Congress: Disruption and Diversification Australian Institute of Interpreters and Translators (AUSIT), Brisbane, Australia (3-5 August 2017) www.fit2017.org/call-for-papers 6. 6th International Conference on PSIT (PSIT6) - Beyond Limits in Public Service Interpreting and Translating: Community Interpreting & Translation University of Alcalá, Spain (6-8 March 2017) www.tisp2017.com “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 213 7. International Conference: What Grammar Should Be Taught to Translators-to-be? University of Mons, Belgium (9-10 March 2017) Contact: gudrun.vanderbauwhede@umons.ac.be; indra.noel@umons.ac.be; adrien.kefer@umons.ac.be 8. The Australia Institute of Interpreters and Translators (AUSIT) 2016 National Conference Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (18-19 November 2017) www.ausit.org/AUSIT/Events/National_Miniconference_2016_Call_ for_Papers.aspx 9. 1st Congrès Mondial de la Traductologie – La traductologie : une discipline autonome Société Française de Traductologie, Université de Paris Ouest- Nanterre-La Défense, France (10-14 April 2017) www.societe-francaise-traductologie.com/congr-s-mondial 10. Working Our Core: for a Strong(er) Translation and Interpreting Profession Institute of Translation & Interpreting, Mercure Holland House Hotel, Cardiff (19-20 May 2017) www.iti-conference.org.uk 11. International conference T&R5 – Écrire, traduire le voyage / Writing, translating travel Antwerp , Belgium (31 May - 1 June 2018) winibert.segers@kuleuven.be 12. Retranslation in Context III - An international conference on retranslation Ghent University, Belgium (7-8 February 2017) www.cliv.be/en/retranslationincontext3 “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 214 13. 11th International Conference on Translation and Interpreting: Justice and Minorized Languages under a Postmonolingual Order Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain (10-12 May 2017) http://blogs.uji.es/itic11 14. 31è Congrès international d’études francophones (CIÉF) : Session de Traductologie – La francophonie à l’épreuve de l’étranger du dedans Martinique, France (26 June – 2 July 2017) https://secure.cief.org/wp/?page_id=913 15. Complexity Thinking in Translation Studies: In Search of Methodologies KU Leuven, Belgium (1-2 June 2017) www.ufs.ac.za/humanities/unlistedpages/ complexity/complexity/home-page 16. 1st International Conference on Dis/Ability Communication (ICDC): Perspectives & Challenges in 21st Century Mumbai University, India (9-11 January 2017) www.icdc2016-universityofmumbai.org 17. Lost and Found in Transcultural and Interlinguistic Translation Université de Moncton, Canada (2-4 November 2017) gillian lane-mercier@mcgill.ca; michel.mallet@umoncton.ca; denise.merkle@umoncton.ca 18. Translation and Cultural Memory (Conference Panel) American Comparative Literature Association's 2017 Annual Meeting University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (6-9 July 2017) www.acla.org/translation-and-cultural-memory 19. Media for All 7 – A Place in Between Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar (23-25 October 2017) http://tii.qa/en/7th-media-all-international-conference “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 215 20. Justice and Minorized Languages in a Postmonolingual Order. XI International Conference on Translation and Interpreting Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain (10-12 May 2017) monzo@uji.es http://blogs.uji.es/itic11/ 21. On the Unit(y) of Translation/Des unités de traduction à l'unité de la traduction Paris Diderot University, Université libre de Bruxelles and University of Geneva (7 July 2017 (Paris) / 21 October 2017 (Brussels) / 9 December 2017 (Geneva) www.eila.univ-paris-diderot.fr/recherche/conf/ciel/traductologieplein- champ/index?s[]=traductologie&s[]=plein&s[]=champ 22. The Translator Made Corporeal: Translation History and the Archive British Library Conference Centre, London, UK (8 May 2017) deborah.dawkin@bl.uk 23. V International Conference Translating Voices Translating Regions - Minority Languages, Risks, Disasters and Regional Crises Europe House and University College London, UK (13-15 December 2017) www.ucl.ac.uk/centras/translation-news-and-events/vtranslatingvoices 24. 8th Annual International Translation Conference - 21st Century Demands: Translators and Interpreters towards Human and Social Responsibilities Qatar National Convention Centre, Doha, Qatar (27-28 March 2017) http://tii.qa/en/8th-annual-international-translation-conference 25. Complexity Thinking in Translation Studies: In Search of Methodologies KU Leuven, Belgium (1-2 June 2017) www.ufs.ac.za/humanities/unlistedpages/ complexity/complexity/home-page “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 216 26. 15th International Pragmatics Conference (IPrA 2017) – Films in Translation – All is Lost: Pragmatics and Audiovisual Translation as Cross-cultural Mediation (Guillot, Desilla, Pavesi). Conference Panel. Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK (16-21 July 2017) http://ipra.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=*CONFERENCE2006&n=1296 2) CURSOS, SEMINARIOS, POSGRADOS / COURSES, SEMINARS, MA PROGRAMMES: 1. MA in Intercultural Communication in the Creative Industries University of Roehampton, London, UK www.roehampton.ac.uk/postgraduate-courses/Intercultural- Communication-in-the-Creative-Industries 2. Máster Universitario en Comunicación Intercultural, Interpretación y Traducción en los Servicios Públicos Universidad de Alcalá, Spain www3.uah.es/master-tisp-uah 3. Máster Universitario de Traducción Profesional Universidad de Granada, Spain http://masteres.ugr.es/traduccionprofesional/pages/master 4. Workshop: History of the Reception of Scientific Texts in Translation – Congrès mondial de traductologie Paris West University Nanterre-La Défense, France (10-14 April 2017) https://cmt.u-paris10.fr/submissions 5. MA programme: Traduzione audiovisiva, 2016-2017 University of Parma, Italy www.unipr.it/node/13980 “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 217 6. MA in the Politics of Translation Cairo University, Egypt http://edcu.edu.eg 7. Research Methods in Translation and Interpreting Studies University of Geneva, Switzerland (Online course) www.unige.ch/formcont/researchmethods-distance1 www.unige.ch/formcont/researchmethods-distance2 8. MA programme: Investigación en Traducción e Interpretation, 2016-2017 Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain monzo@uji.es www.mastertraduccion.uji.es 9. MA programme: Traduzione Giuridica - Master di Secondo Livello University of Trieste, Italy Italy http://apps.units.it/Sitedirectory/InformazioniSpecificheCdS /Default.aspx?cdsid=10374&ordinamento=2012&sede=1&int=web &lingua=15 10. Process-oriented Methods in Translation Studies and L2 Writing Research University of Giessen, Germany (3-4 April 2017) www.uni-giessen.de/gal-research-school-2017 11. Research Methods in Translation and Interpreting Studies (I): Foundations and Data Analysis (Distance Learning) www.unige.ch/formcont/researchmethods-distance1 Research Methods in Translation and Interpreting Studies (II): Specific Research and Scientific Communication Skills (Distance Learning) www.unige.ch/formcont/researchmethods-distance2 University of Geneva, Switzerland “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 218 3) LIBROS / BOOKS: 1. Carl, Michael, Srinivas Bangalore and Moritz Schaeffer (eds) 2016. New Directions in Empirical Translation Process Research: Exploring the CRITT TPR-DB. Cham: Springer. http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-20358-4 2. Antoni Oliver. 2016. Herramientas tecnológicas para traductores. Barcelona: UOC. www.editorialuoc.com/herramientas-tecnologicas-para-traductores 3. Rica Peromingo, Juan Pedro. 2016. Aspectos lingüísticos y técnicos de la traducción audiovisual (TAV). Frakfurt am Main: Peter Lang. www.peterlang.com?432055 4.Takeda, Kayoko and Jesús Baigorri-Jalón (eds). 2016. New Insights in the History of Interpreting. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/btl.122/main 5. Esser, Andrea, Iain Robert Smith & Miguel Á. Bernal-Merino (eds). 2016. Media across Borders: Localising TV, Film and Video Games. London: Routledge. www.routledge.com/products/9781138809451 6. Del Pozo Triviño, M., C. Toledano Buendía, D. Casado-Neira and D. Fernandes del Pozo (eds) 2015. Construir puentes de comunicación en el ámbito de la violencia de género/ Building Communication Bridges in Gender Violence. Granada: Comares. http://cuautla.uvigo.es/sos-vics/entradas/veruno.php?id=216 7. Ramos Caro, Marina. 2016. La traducción de los sentidos: audiodescripción y emociones. Munich: Lincom Academic Publishers. http://lincom-shop.eu/epages/57709feb-b889-4707-b2cec666fc88085d. sf/de_DE/?ObjectPath=%2FShops%2F57709feb“ Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 219 b889-4707-b2cec666fc88085d% 2FProducts%2F%22ISBN+9783862886616%22 8. Horváth , Ildikó (ed.) 216. The Modern Translator and Interpreter. Budapest: Eötvös University Press. www.eltereader.hu/media/2016/04/HorvathTheModernTranslator. pdf 9. Ye, Xin. 2016. Educated Youth. Translated by Jing Han. Artarmon: Giramondo. www.giramondopublishing.com/forthcoming/educated-youth 10. Martín de León, Celia and Víctor González-Ruiz (eds). 2016. From the Lab to the Classroom and Back Again: Perspectives on Translation and Interpreting Training. Oxford: Peter Lang. www.peterlang.com?431985 11. FITISPos International Journal, 2016 vol.3: A Retrospective View on Public Service Translation and Interpreting over the Last Decade as well as the Progress and Challenges that Lie Ahead www3.uah.es/fitispos_ij 12. Dore, Margherita (ed.) 2016. Achieving Consilience. Translation Theories and Practice. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. www.cambridgescholars.com/achieving-consilience 13. Antonini, Rachele & Chiara Bucaria (eds). 2016. Nonprofessional Interpreting and Translation in the Media. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detai lseiten&seitentyp=produkt&pk=82359&cid=5&concordeid=265483 14. Álvarez de Morales, Cristina & Catalina Jiménez (eds). 2016. Patrimonio cultural para todos. Investigación aplicada en traducción accesible. Granada: Tragacanto. www.tragacanto.es/?stropcion=catalogo&CATALOGO_ID=22 “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 220 15. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, special issue on Language Processing in Translation, Volume 52, Issue 2, Jun 2016. www.degruyter.com/view/j/psicl.2016.52.issue-2/issuefiles/ psicl.2016.52.issue-2.xml?rskey=z4L1sf&result=6 16. Translation and Conflict: Narratives of the Spanish Civil War and the Dictatorship Contact: alicia.castillovillanueva@dcu.ie; lucia.pintado@dcu.ie 17. Cerezo Merchán, Beatriz, Frederic Chaume, Ximo Granell, José Luis Martí Ferriol, Juan José Martínez Sierra, Anna Marzà y Gloria Torralba Miralles. 2016. La traducción para el doblaje. Mapa de convenciones. Castelló de la Plana: Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I. www.tenda.uji.es/pls/www/!GCPPA00.GCPPR0002?lg=CA&isbn=97 8-84-16356-00-3 18. Martínez Tejerina, Anjana. 2016. El doblaje de los juegos de palabras. Barcelona: Editorial UOC. www.editorialuoc.com/el-doblaje-de-los-juegos-de-palabras 19. Chica Núñez, Antonio Javier. 2016. La traducción de la imagen dinámica en contextos multimodales. Granada: Ediciones Tragacanto. www.tragacanto.es 20. Valero Garcés, Carmen (ed.) 2016. Public Service Interpreting and Translation (PSIT): Training, Testing and Accreditation. Alcalá: Universidad de Alcalá. www1.uah.es/publicaciones/novedades.asp 21. Rodríguez Muñoz, María Luisa and María Azahara Veroz González (Eds) 2016. Languages and Texts Translation and Interpreting in Cross Cultural Environments. Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba. www.uco.es/ucopress/index.php/es/catalogo/materias- 3/product/548-languages-and-texts-translation-and-interpreting“ Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 221 in-cross-cultural-environments 22. Mereu, Carla. 2016. The Politics of Dubbing. Film Censorship and State Intervention in the Translation of Foreign Cinema in Fascist Italy. Oxford: Peter Lang. www.peterlang.com/view/product/46916 23. Venuti, Lawrence (ed.) 2017. Teaching Translation: Programs, Courses, Pedagogies. New York: Routledge. www.routledge.com/Teaching-Translation-Programs-coursespedagogies/ VENUTI/p/book/9781138654617 24. Jankowska, Anna. 2015. Translating Audio Description Scripts. Translation as a New Strategy of Creating Audio Description. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. www.peterlang.com/view/product/21517 25. Cadwell, Patrick and Sharon O'Brien. 2016. Language, culture, and translation in disaster ICT: an ecosystemic model of understanding. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0907676X. 2016.1142588 26. Baumgarten, Stefan and Chantal Gagnon (eds). 2016. Translating the European House - Discourse, Ideology and Politics (Selected Papers by Christina Schäffner). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. www.cambridgescholars.com/translating-the-european-house 27. Gambier, Yves and Luc van Doorslaer (eds) 2016. Border Crossings – Translation Studies and other disciplines. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. www.benjamins.com/#catalog/books/btl.126/main 28. Setton, Robin and Andrew Dawrant. 2016. Conference Interpreting – A Complete Course. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/btl.120/main “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 222 29. Setton, Robin and Andrew Dawrant. 2016. Conference Interpreting – A Trainer’s Guide. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/btl.121/main 5) REVISTAS / JOURNALS: 1. Technology and Public Service Translation and Interpreting, Special Issue of Translation and Interpreting Studies 13(3) Contact: Nike Pokorn (nike.pokorn@ff.uni-lj.si) & Christopher Mellinger (cmellin2@kent.edu) www.atisa.org/tis-style-sheet 2. Translator Quality – Translation Quality: Empirical Approaches to Assessment and Evaluation, special issue of Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series (16/2017) Contact: Geoffrey S. Koby (gkoby@kent.edu); Isabel Lacruz (ilacruz@kent.edu) https://lans-tts.uantwerpen.be/index.php/LANSTTS/ announcement 3. Special Issue of the Journal of Internationalization and Localization on Video Game Localisation: Ludic Landscapes in the Digital Age of Translation Studies Contacts: Xiaochun Zhang (xiaochun.zhang@univie.ac.at) and Samuel Strong (samuel.strong.13@ucl.ac.uk) 4. mTm Translation Journal: Non-thematic issue, Vol. 8, 2017 www.mtmjournal.gr Contacts: Anastasia Parianou (parianou@gmail.com) and Panayotis Kelandrias (kelandrias@ionio.gr) “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 223 5. CLINA - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Translation, Interpreting and Intercultural Communication, Special Issue on Interpreting in International Organisations. Research, Training and Practice, 2017 (2) revistaclina@usal.es http://diarium.usal.es/revistaclina/home/call-for-papers 6. Technology and Public Service Translation and Interpreting, Special Issue of Translation and Interpreting Studies, 2018, 13(3) www.atisa.org/call-for-papers 7. Literatura: teoría, historia, crítica, special issue on Literature and Translation www.literaturathc.unal.edu.co 8. Tradumàtica: Journal of Translation Technologies Issue 14 (2016): Translation and mobile devices www.tradumatica.net/revista/cfp.pdf 9. Ticontre. Teoria Testo Traduzione. Special issue on Narrating the Self in Self-translation www.ticontre.org/files/selftranslation-it_en.pdf 10. Terminology, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication Thematic issue on Food and Terminology, 23(1), 2017 www.benjamins.com/series/term/call_for_papers_special_issue_23 -1.pdf 11. Cultus: the Journal of Intercultural Communication and Mediation. Thematic issue on Multilinguilism, Translation, ELF or What?, Vol. 10, 2017 www.cultusjournal.com/index.php/call-for-papers 12. Translation Spaces Special issue on No Hard Feelings? Exploring Translation as an Emotional Phenomenon “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 224 Contact: severine.hubscher-davidson@open.ac.uk 13. Revista electrónica de didáctica de la traducción y la interpretación (redit), Vol. 10 www.redit.uma.es/Proximo.php 14. Social Translation: New Roles, New Actors Special issue of Translation Studies 12(2) http://explore.tandfonline.com/cfp/ah/rtrs-si-cfp 15. Translation in the Creative Industries, special issue of The Journal of Specialised Translation 29, 2018 www.jostrans.org/Translation_creative_industries_Jostrans29.pdf 16. Translation and the Production of Knowledge(s), special issue of Alif 38, 2018 Contact: mona@monabaker.com,alifecl@aucegypt.edu, www.auceg ypt.edu/huss/eclt/alif/Pages/default.aspx 17. Revista de Llengua i Dret http://revistes.eapc.gencat.cat/index.php/rld/index 18. Call for proposals for thematic issues, Linguistica Antverpiensia New Series https://lans-tts.uantwerpen.be/index.php/LANSTTS/ announcement/view/8 19. Journal On Corpus-based Dialogue Interpreting Studies, special issue of The Interpreters’ Newsletter 22, 2017 www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/handle/10077/2119 20. Díaz Cintas, Jorge, Ilaria Parini and Irene Ranzato (eds) 2016. Ideological Manipulation in Audiovisual Translation, special issue of “Altre Modernità”. http://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/AMonline/issue/view/888/show Toc “Transfer” XII: 1-2 (mayo 2017), pp. 212-225. ISSN: 1886-554 225 21. PUNCTUM- International Journal of Semiotics, special issue on Semiotics of Translation, Translation in Semiotics. Volume 1, Issue 2 (2015) http://punctum.gr 22. The Interpreters' Newsletter, Special Issue on Dialogue Interpreting, 2015, Vol. 20 www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/handle/10077/11848 23. Gallego-Hernández, Daniel & Patricia Rodríguez-Inés (eds.) 2016. Corpus Use and Learning to Translate, almost 20 Years on. Special Issue of Cadernos de Tradução 36(1). https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/traducao/issue/view/2383/s howToc 24. 2015. Special Issue of IberoSlavica on Translation in Iberian- Slavonic Cultural Exchange and beyond. https://issuu.com/clepul/docs/iberoslavica_special_issue 26. The AALITRA Review: A Journal of Literary Translation, 2016 (11) www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/ojs/index.php/AALITRA/index 27. Transcultural: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 8.1 (2016): "Translation and Memory" https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/TC/issue/view/18 77/showToc 28. JoSTrans, The Journal of Specialised Translation, issue 26 www.jostrans.org 29. L’Écran traduit, 5 http://ataa.fr/revue/archives/4518

Na de schipbreuk van het Verdinaso, maakte Jef Van Bilsen (1913-1996) nog kortstondig deel uit van de groep Dinaso's rond Paul Persijn en diens alternatieve Verdinaso-directorium. Ondertussen ging hij ook op zoek naar andere manieren om aan betekenisvolle politiek te doen onder het bezettingsregime. Vanuit de overtuiging dat Duitsland nog lange tijd heer en meester over Europa zou blijven, raakte Van Bilsen in 1941 verwikkeld in een kluwen van nationalistische en royalistische Nieuwe Orde-initiatieven. In die middens ondernamen ook socialistisch voorman Hendrik De Man en de industrieel Tony Herbert afzonderlijke pogingen om iets zinvols te ondernemen in afwachting van het oorlogseinde.Tijdens Van Bilsens reis naar Berlijn in oktober 1940 was de idee ontstaan om een soort eenheidsbeweging rond Hendrik De Man op te zetten. Concreet moest De Man, in de hoedanigheid van een soort kanselier, een kabinet vormen met Dinaso’s. Dit op basis van een gemeenschappelijk programma waarin de Dinaso-ideologie centraal stond. Van Bilsen stond echter alleen met zijn enthousiasme want andere Dinaso's zagen een mogelijke samenwerking met De Man niet zitten. Bovendien stond ook De Man zelf bijzonder sceptisch tegenover het hele opzet. Verder dan een introductiegesprek tussen Van Bilsen en De Man is het aanvankelijk niet gekomen.Pas begin februari 1941 vond een eerste weerzien plaats tussen Van Bilsen en De Man. Deze laatste toonde zich toen bijzonder geïnteresseerd in de ontbinding van het Verdinaso en op 1 maart volgde een tweede ontmoeting in verband met de De Mans voorbereidingen voor de uitgave van Le Travail, dagblad van de Unie voor Hand- en Geestesarbeiders. De Man was op zoek naar enthousiaste medewerkers voor zijn krant en hengelde daarom naar Van Bilsens hulp. Van Bilsen negeerde dit en stelde voor om een Nederlandstalig dagblad 'met standing' uit te geven, los van de Unie voor Hand- en Geestesarbeiders en qua programma vergelijkbaar met dat van het Rexistische Le Nouveau Journal. Een bezoek van Otto Abetz (Duits ambassadeur in bezet Frankrijk en oud-leerling van De Man) aan Brussel, bracht dit voornemen in een stroomversnelling. Met de steun van Abetz zou het mogelijk zijn om een Vlaams dagblad uit te geven dat 'de Belgische thesis' verdedigde. Van Bilsen ging mee in die redenering en werkte alvast een voorstel uit. Van Bilsen wilde een 'politiek, cultureel, economisch informatie- en leidingsblad' uitgeven met als taak het 'negatieve nationalisme, zoals het 'anti-Fransch, anti-Waalsch en anti-Hollandsch', te bestrijden. Het 'België van morgen' zou volgens de ontwerpnota georiënteerd zijn op de vereniging van de Nederlanden en om dit alles te realiseren moest na de bezetting een 'Orde-revolutie van bovenaf' worden doorgevoerd. Er moesten echter nog heel wat praktische zaken geregeld worden vooraleer tot een daadwerkelijke uitgave kon overgegaan worden. In het bijzonder de financiering van het project en het vinden van een geïnteresseerde drukker bleek al snel onmogelijk. Door een gebrek aan middelen is er van een dagblad dan ook niets in huis gekomen.Toch had Van Bilsen de ontwerpnota niet voor niets opgesteld. Tijdens het voorjaar van 1941 vond De Man inspiratie in een initiatief van Robert Poulet en Raymond De Becker, de respectieve hoofdredacteurs van Le Nouveau Journal en de 'gestolen' Le Soir. Zij brachten alle rechtse Waalse groeperingen samen onder de noemer 'Parti Unique des Provinces Romanes de Belgique'. Eind mei 1941 voerde De Man van zijn kant een aantal gesprekken met als doel een soortgelijke organisatie aan Vlaamse kant uit te bouwen. Daartoe werd ook Van Bilsen opnieuw ingeschakeld. Eind mei 1941 werd hem verzocht om de voornoemde ontwerpnota aan De Man over te brengen. Waarschijnlijk hoopte deze de ontwerpnota nu te kunnen gebruiken als politiek-ideologische fundering voor een eventueel blad ter ondersteuning van de nog op te richten nieuwe formatie.Tijdens een eerste samenkomst op 6 juni 1941 deed De Man zijn plannen uit de doeken aan een achttal genodigden, onder wie ook Van Bilsen. De Man wilde samen met de Parti Unique een alternatieve eenheidsbeweging vormen voor de taalgrensoverschrijdende collaboratiecoalitie tussen het VNV en Rex. Daarvoor moest eerst en vooral een Vlaams pendant van de Parti Unique opgestart worden met een aantal 'Vlaamse personaliteiten'. De politiek-ideologische agenda van de op te richten beweging werd voorgesteld in een 'Schets van een Programma voor een Vlaamsche Beweging in het kader van een Belgisch Federale Staat'. De beweging zou zich niet profileren als een nieuwe partij. Het zou louter gaan om een groepering van 'thans geïsoleerde personen, en kernvorming, als mogelijk element van een ruimere constellatie later'. Ten tweede zou de groepering nationaal-socialistisch zijn, voor een socialistische orde en een autoritaire staat. Van Bilsen struikelde echter over De Mans federalistische opvattingen voor de toekomst van het Belgisch staatsverband. Het was duidelijk dat er tussen De Man en Van Bilsen een communautair meningsverschil bestond dat voor die eerste onbelangrijk scheen, maar voor Van Bilsen van onoverkomelijk belang was. Uiteindelijk bleken Van Bilsens reserves ten aanzien van een zoveelste samenwerking met De Man overbodig. De oprichting van een Nationale Bond-Vlaanderen (NBV), zoals het project ondertussen heette, werd namelijk verboden door de Duitse militaire overheid.Voor Van Bilsen was het na deze laatste poging met De Man duidelijk dat een zinvolle aanwezigheidspolitiek onmogelijk was onder de bezetting. Hij sloot zich vervolgens aan bij de clandestiene beweging van Tony Herbert, maar eigenlijk maakte Van Bilsen de mentale overstap al vroeger. Herberts beweging vond zijn wortels in een netwerk van kleine 'morele weerstandsgroepen'. Herbert was een van de weinige figuren die nooit heeft willen twijfelen aan een geallieerde eindoverwinning en vond dat men, gezien 'een Duitse overwinning voor ons land en volk een katastrofe zou zijn, slechts in één hypothese moest werken'. Hij zag het daarom als zijn plicht om tijdens de bezetting een eensgezinde groep mensen klaar te stomen om, onmiddellijk na de bevrijding, de eenheid van het land te verzekeren om zo de economische, sociale en politieke problemen van de naoorlogse periode het hoofd te bieden. De grootste uitdaging hierbij zou volgens Herbert de integratie van Walen en Vlamingen in een nieuw België zijn.Concreet begon Herbert tijdens het najaar van 1940 voordrachten te geven 'over de nationale betekenis van de Vlaamse Beweging'. Toenadering tussen Waalse en Vlaamse elites en de vervlaamsing van de Franstalige Vlamingen stonden hierbij telkens centraal. Met dit 'werk van nationale vernieuwing' oogstte hij al snel succes, ook omdat het patriottisme hoogtij vierde in de middens die hij aandeed. Begin 1941 kon Herbert al een beroep doen op een bescheiden netwerk van geëngageerde studiegroepen, al was het toen nog te vroeg om van een georganiseerde beweging te spreken. Vanaf maart 1941 vertakte dit netwerk zich ook tot in Wallonië en op 19 juni dat jaar, exact een week voordat de oprichting van de NBV verboden werd, had Van Bilsen een beslissend gesprek met Herbert. Qua politiek-ideologische instelling sloot de ultraroyalistische en antiparlementaire actie van de Herbert-beweging goed aan bij Van Bilsens discours. Bovendien was attentisme niets voor iemand met een innerlijke gedrevenheid als die van Van Bilsen. De concrete aanpak van de clandestiene Herbert-groepen moet, na de resem Duitse weigeringen tot erkenning, een heuse verademing geweest zijn.Het staat vast dat Van Bilsen zich vanaf september 1941 volledig aan de Herbert-beweging wijdde. Van Bilsens 'schamele' advocatenpraktijk bleek de ideale dekmantel om 'herbertianen' te ontvangen, vergaderingen te houden en de werking van de beweging te stuwen. Bovendien liet zijn registratie bij de balie hem toe om afspraken te regelen in het Justitiepaleis en de vredegerechten. Herbert zorgde aldus voor een nieuw kantoor op een centrale locatie in Brussel waar Van Bilsen daarna, van september 1941 tot februari 1944, het hart van de Herbert-beweging leidde. Mede omdat zich onder de Herbertianen een groot aantal verzetslieden bevonden, verzeilde ook Van Bilsen geleidelijk in de wereld van het actieve verzet.________Jef Van Bilsen between Hendrik De Man and Tony Herbert. The political search by a former DinasoAfter the failure of the Verdinaso party, Jef Van Bilsen (1913-1996) briefly joined the Dinaso Group led by Paul Persijn with his alternative Verdinaso-directory. Meanwhile he also started searching for different ways of being involved in significant politics during the regime of the Occupation. Based on the conviction that Germany would continue as lord and master of Europe for a long time to come, Van Bilsen was caught up in a tangle of nationalistic and royalist New Order initiatives. The socialist leader Hendrik De Man and the industrialist Tony Herbert also started separate initiatives in that environment to undertake something meaningful while awaiting the end of the war. During his trip to Berlin in October 1940, Van Bilsen conceived the idea of starting a kind of unity movement centred around Hendrik De Man. This meant in fact that De Man, as a kind of chancellor was to constitute a cabinet together with the Dinaso members, based on a common programme focused on the Dinaso-ideology. However, Van Bilsen was isolated in his enthusiasm, for the other Dinaso members did not consider it feasible to cooperate with De Man. Moreover, De Man himself was very sceptical towards the whole concept. At first, Van Bilsen and De Man did not get beyond an introductory conversation. Not until the beginning of February 1941 Van Bilsen and De Man met again. At that time, De Man was very interested in the dissolution of the Verdinaso party and on 1 March, a second meeting took place in view of De Man’s preparations for the publication of Le Travail, a daily paper of the Union of Manual and Intellectual Workers. De Man was searching for enthusiastic collaborators for his paper and he therefore angled for the assistance of Van Bilsen. Van Bilsen ignored this attempt and proposed instead to publish a daily paper ‘of standing’ in the Dutch language that would be separate from the Union of Manual and Intellectual Workers and whose programme would be comparable with that of the Rexist Le Nouveau Journal. A visit by Otto Abetz (the German Ambassador in occupied France and a former student of De Man) to Brussels gave impetus to this intention. With the support of Abetz it would be possible to publish a Flemish daily paper that would defend the ‘Belgian proposition’. Van Bilsen agreed with this line of thinking, and immediately drafted a proposal. Van Bilsen wished to publish a ‘political, cultural, economic informative and leading newspaper that would have the mission to combat ‘the negative nationalism ‘like ‘the anti-French, anti-Walloon and anti-Dutch’ types of nationalism. According to the draft note, the ‘Belgium of tomorrow’ would be geared towards the reunion of the Netherlands, and in order to bring all of this about it would be necessary to carry out a ‘top-down Order-revolution’ after the occupation. However, a large number of practical matters needed to be resolved before a factual publication could be produced. It soon proved that in particular the financing of the project and finding an interested printer was impossible. Because of a lack of finances, the daily paper never saw the light of day. However, Van Bilsen had not composed the draft note in vain. During the spring of 1941, De Man was inspired by an initiative by Robert Poulet and Raymond De Becker, the respective chief editors of Le Nouveau Journal and the 'stolen' Le Soir. They united all right-wing Walloon factions under the common denominator of the 'Parti Unique des Provinces Romanes de Belgique'. At the end of May 1941, De Man had a number of conversations in his turn in order to set up a similar organisation for the Flemish side. Van Bilsen became involved again for this purpose. At the end of May 1941, he was asked to hand over the previously mentioned draft note to De Man. The latter probably hoped to make use of the draft note as a politico-ideological foundation for a future publication for the as yet to be founded formation. During a first meeting on 6 June 1941, De Man revealed his plans to eight invited guests including Van Bilsen. De Man wanted to start an alternative unity movement together with the Parti Unique to achieve a collaboration coalition across the language boundaries between the VNV and Rex. A preliminary to this end was to start up a Flemish counterpart to the Parti Unique that would include a number of ‘Flemish personalities’. The politico-ideological agenda of this future movement was presented in an ‘Outline of a programme for a Flemish movement in the framework of a Belgian Federal State’. The movement was not to be profiled as a new party. It would only concern a grouping of ‘persons that were isolated at present, and could form a core, which might be a possible element of a larger constellation later on’. Secondly, the grouping would be national-socialist, propagating a socialist order and an authoritarian state. However, Van Bilsen considered the federalist concepts of De Man an obstacle for the future of the Belgian Union of state. It was clear that De Man and Van Bilsen had different opinions about the communities. The former considered this of little importance, but for Van Bilsen it was an insurmountable problem. In the end, Van Bilsen’s reservations about yet another attempt of cooperation with De Man proved to be superfluous, as the German military authorities forbade the foundation of a National Union-Flanders (NBV) as the project was called by then. After this last attempt with De Man, Van Bilsen concluded that a meaningful politics of presence was impossible during the occupation. Consequently, he joined the clandestine movement of Tony Herbert, though he really had already switched his allegiance earlier on. Herbert’s movement was based on a network of small ‘moral resistance groups’. Herbert was one of the few people who never wanted to doubt the eventual victory of the Allies and he considered that in view of the fact that ‘a German victory would constitute a catastrophe for our country and our people, you could really only act based on one hypothesis’. Therefore, he considered it his duty to prepare a group of like-minded people during the occupation in order to be able to ensure the unity of the country and thereby confront the economic, social and political problems of the post-war period immediately after the liberation. Herbert considered that the main challenge would then be the integration of the Walloons and the Flemings into a new Belgium. During the autumn of 1940, Herbert started in fact to give lectures about the ‘national significance of the Flemish Movement’. He always focalised on the rapprochement between Walloon and Flemish elites and the process of converting French speaking Flemings into Flemish speakers. He quickly became successful with this ‘work of national renewal’, in part because patriotism reigned supreme among the circles he visited. At the beginning of 194l, Herbert could already call on a modest network of committed study groups, even if it was too early to call it an organised movement. From March 1941, this network also started spreading into Wallonia and on 19 June of that year, exactly one week before the foundation of the NBV was forbidden, Van Bilsen had a decisive discussion with Herbert. The politico-ideological views of the ultra-royalist and anti-parliamentarian action of the Herbert Movement fitted in well with the discourse of Van Bilsen. The concrete approach of the clandestine Herbert-groups must have provided great relief, after the series of German refusals for recognition. It has been established that Van Bilsen dedicated himself completely to the Herbert Movement from September 1941. Van Bilsen’s 'humble’ lawyer’s office proved to be the ideal cover for receiving the members of the Herbert Movement, to organise meetings and to promote the operation of the Movement. Moreover, his registration at the bar allowed him to organise meetings in the Justice Palace and the justice of the peace courts. Thus, Herbert provided a new office in a central location in Brussels, from where Van Belsen led the core of the Herbert Movement from September 1941 until February 1944. In part, because the Herbert Movement counted a large number of members of the resistance, Van Bilsen gradually also ended up in the world of active resistance.

This issue of Footprint is based on the conference session ‘The European Welfare State Project – Ideals, Politics, Cities and Buildings’ as organized by the editors at the first EAHN Conference in Guimarães, Portugal in 2010, and as elaborated in the second EAHN Conference in Brussels, Belgium in 2012 (together with Mark Swenarton). These sessions were proposed as part of the research programme ‘Changing Ideals – Shifting Realities’ at the TU Delft, which aims to further disclose, map and question the architectural culture of the second half of the twentieth century. It focuses on how the welfare state in Western Europe represents a unique time frame in which manifold shifts within the modernist discourse in architecture and planning were paired with societal changes that established new assemblages between producers, designers, governments, clients, builders and users. It is part of the editors’ assumption that the current crisis of capitalism puts the politics of redistribution back on the agenda. In re-investigating the vast legacy of the welfare state, it seems only natural to look for new models for collectivity, not to dwell in nostalgia, but indeed to find alternatives to suit the new situation. At the intersections of building practice, architectural viewpoints, national and local cultural contexts, a nuanced image of welfare state architecture emerges.

This issue of Footprint is based on the conference session ‘The European Welfare State Project – Ideals, Politics, Cities and Buildings’ as organized by the editors at the first EAHN Conference in Guimarães, Portugal in 2010, and as elaborated in the second EAHN Conference in Brussels, Belgium in 2012 (together with Mark Swenarton). These sessions were proposed as part of the research programme ‘Changing Ideals – Shifting Realities’ at the TU Delft, which aims to further disclose, map and question the architectural culture of the second half of the twentieth century. It focuses on how the welfare state in Western Europe represents a unique time frame in which manifold shifts within the modernist discourse in architecture and planning were paired with societal changes that established new assemblages between producers, designers, governments, clients, builders and users. It is part of the editors’ assumption that the current crisis of capitalism puts the politics of redistribution back on the agenda. In re-investigating the vast legacy of the welfare state, it seems only natural to look for new models for collectivity, not to dwell in nostalgia, but indeed to find alternatives to suit the new situation. At the intersections of building practice, architectural viewpoints, national and local cultural contexts, a nuanced image of welfare state architecture emerges.

Abstract Cancer is one of the most pressing issues in public health, one that places that carries a large burden on society, governments, and healthcare systems. Without strong action, cancer incidence in Europe is expected to increase by a fifth in 2040, translating into more than 5 million cancer cases (5,328,323) (IARC,2020) . While over 40 % of cases are preventable, 3.9 million people in the EU are diagnosed each year, and 1.9 million deaths are cancer-related. In an effort to tackle cancer, the European Commission (EC) launched two major initiatives: Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP), and the Mission on Cancer. The EBCP, launched in 2021, is a policy-driven initiative aimed at supporting Member States in addressing every stage of the disease: prevention, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. The EBCP is supported by a research driven initiative which is the Mission on Cancer. The ambition of these initiative is to reduce the burden of cancer in Europe and save 3 million lives by 2030. Knowledge exchange and capacity building between member states are essential to create a common understanding of the challenges and opportunities in cancer prevention and control, as is facilitating exchange and collaboration between the plethora of actors within each national context. To guarantee the successful implementation of the EBCP and the Mission on Cancer, one must consider the diversity of national contexts. The aim of the workshop is to explore how countries evaluate their needs in the field, through engaging public health actors and community members, with a participatory approach, to implement the EBCP while taking into account the diversity of contexts within countries. In this workshop, we seek contextualise the EC's EBCP and explore implementation strategies from different Member States, with a particular focus on participatory approach to public health initiatives and policy design and implementation. More specifically, a panel will share experiences and discuss examples from Belgium and other European countries in supporting the national implementation of cancer initiatives. The panel will lay the foundation for a discussion with the audience on the opportunities and challenges in various EU countries on participatory public health policy design and implementation, using cancer policy related to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and research, as a case study. Key messages • Europe's Beating Cancer Plan should be contextualised taking into consideration Member States and their citizen's heterogeneity and needs, while also adapting to health systems characteristics. • Knowledge and capacity building between Member States is essential to create a common understanding of the challenges and opportunities in cancer prevention and control in Europe. Speakers/Panelists Jinane Ghattas EUPHAnxt Anabela Isidro Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica, Lisbon, Portugal Linda Abboud Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium

Abstract Climate change continues to be the biggest challenge of the 21st century, with profound and growing negative consequences on public health. While the public health and wider healthcare sector faces the health risks and consequences of climate change, it is also an important actor as producer of carbon footprint. There is therefore a need for public health and healthcare professionals to be prepared to address the climate emergency and its inequitable impacts across vulnerable populations. Climate resilience and climate-health-equity and political literacy should be built to enable public health and healthcare professionals to gain a deeper understanding of the needed changes and communicate the direct and indirect environmental impact of our health system, institutions and daily lives. This round table discussion will be framed by the joint statement “Moving towards the right to ‘health for all’ by training the public health workforce on climate change and health” issued by a network of public health stakeholders under the EU Health Policy Platform. Endorsed by more than 75 organisations from the global, European and national level, the statement calls actors in public health to bring climate change and health concerns to the forefront of the debates. During the round table, 4 panellists will touch on evidence, solutions and guidance to address the climate emergency from the different perspectives of ASPHER, EuroHealthNet, Ecorys and EHESP French School of Public Health. The added value of the round table is conveying the different views of the panellists, bringing together European CSOs and partnerships of public health authorities, academia and a research-based consultancy company, and laying out possible ways of how working together could steer the EU and national multidisciplinary policy and decision-making on the intersection of climate, health, social justice, and education. After setting the need for action, the round table will seek to produce recommendations from public health actors to address the climate emergency, bringing the dialogue parallel to COP27. This workshop will explore how different actors from inside and outside the public health domain can contribute to climate mitigation and adaptation actions. The discussion will cover: investing in climate-health training for public health and healthcare professionals; investing in public health research; designing and monitoring mitigation programmes (e.g., sustainable and resilience-enhancing healthcare policies); building climate-health-equity literacy; and providing space for dialogue for those communities who will be most harmed by an inadequate public health response. From a policy perspective, the workshop will help prepare recommendations for actions related to COP27 and will reflect on strategic processes taking place at the European level (including the Conference on the Future of Europe, the European Health Union, the Strategic Foresight, and the Recovery and Resilience Plans). Key messages • Climate change poses an immediate threat to planetary health, and the co-benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions to health and social justice should be highlighted in policies. • The workshop provides public health actors the opportunity to produce recommended actions from public health actors to address the climate emergency at the European and national level. Speakers/Panellists Tara Chen ASPHER, Brussels, Belgium Dorota Sienkiewicz EuroHealthNet, Brussels, Belgium Daniek Korver Ecorys NL, Rotterdam, Netherlands Laurent Chambaud École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Rennes, France

Abstract Large pharmaceutical companies have withdrawn from antibiotic R&D because of the high risk of failure and because antibiotics are less profitable than other areas; small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which now drive antibiotic R&D, face difficulty securing funding for preclinical and early clinical trials, and risk significant economic losses when launching new antibiotics. To reinvigorate the antibiotic pipeline, a holistic package of aligned incentives is required, which takes into account public health factors, improves return of investment while supporting SMEs, and considers operational feasibility including potential political, regulatory, legislative, industry and financial hurdles. This presentation will highlight the main options in this area. Improving access to effective antibiotics requires both short- and longer-term measures. Reducing regulatory administrative hurdles, engaging in good procurement practice, increasing joint purchasing efforts, and considering payment models that de-link revenue from sales can keep older (but effective) antibiotics on the market by ensuring their economic viability. Strengthening the mapping of production capacities and product availability can improve transparency and identify options for action, while stockpiling and strengthening manufacturing capacities within and outside of the EU can boost the supply chain itself. Concrete measures and their feasibility will be briefly presented. The EU has a major role to play by supporting antibiotic R&D and engaging with other international efforts to promote optimal deployment of incentives, by ensuring that the lack of access to appropriate and effective antibiotics is recognized as a threat to global health security, and by building on its relationships with international institutions to act as a facilitator in the global space towards ensuring synergies among existing structures, communicating the cost of inaction, and supporting national and regional initiatives. Speakers/Panelists Danilo Lo Fo Wong Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO/Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark Malin Grape Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Stockholm, Sweden Lieven De Raedt Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment, Brussels, Belgium

Between 2003 and 2006 I followed, participated in the discussion, and published several analyses dealing with the spatial presence and architectural appearance of the European Union in Brussels.[1] This discussion was limited, spatially, to the area of the Leopold District in Brussels, where the majority of the European Union Headquarters are located. At the time this debate on architecture, politics, and representation attracted quite some attention in the Belgian and international press. To say the least, it had an air of sensationalism, as after decades of backroom dealings between Belgian real estate developers and politicians in Brussels, the city’s European Quarter was perceived as facing an identity crisis of sorts. It was felt that none of the existing buildings (including the Berlaymont Building and the building for the European Commission) adequately expressed an architectural identity that was “European.” Finally it felt like something was happening. This essay revisits and reviews what has happened with the debate on the Capital of Europe and its architectural identity in relation to the development of “Ground Euro,” that plot of land in the heart of Brussels, actually more commonly known as the European Quarter, which was suddenly bombarded with good intentions, ideas, and a nascent desire to architecturally embody an elusive European identity in a campus-like European Capital.[2] We are now fifteen years later (and I have been spending twelve of those in China, which itself displays a quicker succession and implementation of national narratives), and I wonder if the debate on the future of Ground Euro proved to be a fallacy; a fake narrative, to state it in today’s terms.

Abstract Health systems are built to improve the health of the population. When the COVID-19 crisis hit Europe, the sustained performance of these health systems was challenged. The resilience of these health systems, defined as the ability to absorb, adapt, and transform to cope with shocks (Observatory, 2021), was found to be different in the many European countries, leaving some important lessons to be learned and best practices to be showcased to help countries assess their own response to the COVID-19 pandemic and support efforts to strengthen health systems in Europe. A common denominator is health information; the data and information that is needed to monitor the health of patients as well as the general population. Especially in times of crisis, the availability and trustworthiness of these data is of utmost importance. The COVID-19 pandemic showed that within a substantial number of European countries, health information systems were not always equipped to accommodate the data and information flows that were needed in order for researchers to provide the best available evidence to underpin health policy decisions. Ad-hoc surveillance and monitoring systems were set up (under emergency legislation) and clear governance of health information was lacking. In addition, sharing data and information across European borders and ensuring comparability of data and indicators proved to be difficult in a timely manner during the COVID-19 crisis. This resulted in a European landscape with different national and federal health policies, based on sometimes poor scientific findings. However, when the crisis progressed, numerous national and international initiatives were set up aiming to harmonize the available health information and as of now, many of these initiatives are forming a solid foundation of the health systems, rendering their performance sustainable for the future. In this workshop, which is organized as a round table discussion, we will discuss the resilience of health information systems in European countries, with regards to lessons learned from the COVID-19 crisis, barriers to sharing health information within and across borders, best practices and future perspectives. The topic will be highlighted from multiple perspectives, bringing together experts from different backgrounds, including the European level (European Commission and European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies), the country level, and the perspective of European projects. The audience will be able to provide their view on the different topics through an interactive voting poll during the session. Throughout the session, the exchange of knowledge, experiences and opinions with the audience will be facilitated by the chairs. Key messages • Population health information plays a key role in times of crisis, with trustworthy information flows facilitating evidence-informed policies and decision-making. • Sharing and harmonising health information is key to building resilient healthcare systems that are prepared for the future. Speakers/Panellists Ebba Barany European Commission, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Cianrán Nicholl European Commission, JRC, Ispra, Italy Kenneth Grech Public Health Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, L-Imsida, Malta Miriam Saso Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium Anna Sagan European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London, UK

On January 19th 2005 the Commission announced to take Belgium, Greece, Finland and Italy to the European Court of Justice for not fully transposing Directive 2003/87/EC on CO2-Emissions Trading (ET-directive) into national law. This should have been done by 31 December 2003. In the case of Belgium, the Commission was taking this action for the reason that in Belgium the Directive had been transposed only in the Brussels and Walloon Regions. At the moment of the Commission’s announcement the Flemish region was almost ready with its draft-legislation, but this was of course not sufficient to convince the Commission. This contribution gives an overview of the policy developments regarding the climate change issue, both at the federal level and at the regional levels in Belgium. The Flemish situation gets some particular attention.

Abstract Background Mental health disorders appear as a growing problem in urban areas. While common mental health disorders are generally linked to demographic and socioeconomic factors, little is known about the interaction with the urban environment. With growing urbanization, more and more people are exposed to environmental stressors potentially contributing to increased stress and impairing mental health. It is therefore important to identify features of the urban environment that affect the mental health of city dwellers. The aim of this study was to define associations of combined long-term exposure to air pollution, noise, surrounding green at different scales, and building morphology with several dimensions of mental health in Brussels. Methods Research focuses on the inhabitants of the Brussels Capital Region older than 15 years. The epidemiological study was carried out based on the linkage of data from the national health interview surveys (2008 and 2013) and specifically developed indicators describing each participant’s surroundings in terms of air quality, noise, surrounding green, and building morphology. These data are based on the geographical coordinates of the participant’s residence and processed using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Mental health status was approached through several validated indicators: the Symptom Checklist-90-R subscales for depressive, anxiety and sleeping disorders and the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire for general well-being. For each mental health outcome, single and multi-exposure models were performed through multivariate logistic regressions. Results Our results suggest that traffic-related air pollution (black carbon, NO2, PM10) exposure was positively associated with higher odds of depressive disorders. No association between green surrounding, noise, building morphology and mental health could be demonstrated. Conclusions These findings have important implications because most of the Brussel’s population resides in areas where particulate matters concentrations are above the World Health Organization guidelines. This suggests that policies aiming to reduce traffic related-air pollution could also reduce the burden of depressive disorders in Brussels.

In this issue of the Contemporary Military Challenges, we focus on the relations between the European Union and NATO in the field of security. On 1 June 2021, NATO Foreign Ministers met in Brussels to discuss the details of the NATO Summit to be held on 14 June 2021 in Brussels, Belgium; the period, which coincides with the publication of this thematic issue. Twenty foreign ministers represented NATO member states, which are also EU members, making an event such as the NATO summit all the more important for the future of European security. Many topics were mentioned at the ministerial, such as Afghanistan, Belarus, Russia and China. In general, however, the emphasis was put on the fact that NATO should adapt to new challenges, security settings in a highly competitive environment. As mentioned by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, we are presented with a number of challenges to our security that we need to tackle together, because no country and no continent can deal with them alone. This includes strengthening the existing partnerships and building new ones, including in the Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Latin America. The participants also discussed the stepping up of training and capability building for partners, as well as work to address the security impact of climate change. In the conclusion, the ministers broadly agreed that it was important to start work on NATO's next Strategic Concept, because our strategic environment has significantly changed since 2010. Secretary General underlined that NATO’s future adaptation would require Allies to continue investing in defence, and to invest more together, as a force multiplier and a strong message of unity and resolve. During Donald Trump’s mandate as President of the United States, the fact that the European Union or its Member States pay too little attention and thus resources for their own defence has often been a hot topic of political debate. In 2016, a year before the US President Trump took office, the European Union adopted a Global Strategy which envisaged several options to strengthen the Common Security and Defence Policy, which we will discuss in further detail in the next issue of the Contemporary Security Challenges. The Global Strategy provided that the European Defence Fund, the Permanent Structured Cooperation, the Coordinated Annual Review on Defence, and other existing and new mechanisms would operate in such a way that activities, resources and capabilities would not duplicate with NATO’s, but would complement each other. True enough that, within the Common Security and Defence Policy, the European Union has already foreseen many activities at its meetings and in the adopted documents in terms of strengthening this policy, but later implemented little. Has anything changed in this area in the past four years, or will perhaps something change at the time of the conference on the European future? Just as the Alliance is planning a new strategic concept, the European Union is announcing a Strategic Compass, which will set new directions for future cooperation, also in the field of security. In this issue, the authors present how the cooperation between the European Union and NATO is taking place in 2021 in some areas of security. The article titled EU-NATO cooperation and the Slovenian presidency of the Council of the European Union by Marko Mahnič presents an interesting thesis on whether obstacles to the coherent functioning of the European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the field of common security and defence are of a purely technical nature, or are there maybe differences in the policies, bilateral relations and national ambitions of certain countries. Damjan Štrucl writes about the EU-NATO partnership and ensuring information security and cybersecurity: theory and practice. According to him, the development of information and communication technology and new challenges of the modern security environment have led to the signing of the Joint Declaration on deepening the strategic partnership between both organizations in 2016. The author provides an analysis of the EU-NATO strategic partnership in ensuring security and defence in the modern security environment. Defence initiatives to strengthen the security of the European Union motivated Gregor Garb to write an article presenting what the 2016 European Union Global Strategy contributed to the EU’s strategic defence autonomy. Initially, in a theoretical sense, and after five years in a practical sense. All of course, given the fact that the European Union will continue to maintain strong relations and cooperation with the North Atlantic Alliance. David Humar and Nina Raduha present the process of creating the Military Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia in the Slovenian Armed Forces. Changes in the international environment have initiated security-related strategic considerations of NATO and the European Union. Slovenia as a member of both organizations also needs a strategic consideration in both military and security fields. Their article provides more details about the The process of devising the Military Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia. Tackling irregular migration in Europe is a topic addressed by Miklós Böröcz. Ever since 2015, the then mass illegal migration has posed a major problem for Europe and the European Union. The mass refugee crisis has gradually transformed into illegal migrations of individuals and small groups, who have maintained and strengthened contact with everybody along the way, who take part in this and ensure that the migration flow with of illegal character does not subside. The author provides some solutions to this problem.

The field of public housing in Belgium formed the backdrop for two crucial phenomena in the shaping of the welfare state: first, the general compartmentalization along ideological lines of all aspects of society, including housing policy and town planning; second, the adaptation of the nation’s industry, and the building trade in particular, to postwar economic conditions. In the study of welfare state housing policies in Belgium, the latter aspect has so far been overlooked. This paper therefore proposes to look into a couple of public housing projects by Groupe Structures, the largest architectural firm in the country in the postwar period. As it will be argued, the stylistic and typological evolution of these schemes reveals the growing impact of a ‘productivist ideology’ on public housing in the 1950s. Paralyzed by the steeply rising building costs, the central buzzwords became standardization, industrialization and prefabrication. However, as the paper argues, the productivity doctrine failed to live up to its expectations as the sector’s turnover remained too marginal to put sufficient pressure on the construction industry.

The field of public housing in Belgium formed the backdrop for two crucial phenomena in the shaping of the welfare state: first, the general compartmentalization along ideological lines of all aspects of society, including housing policy and town planning; second, the adaptation of the nation’s industry, and the building trade in particular, to postwar economic conditions. In the study of welfare state housing policies in Belgium, the latter aspect has so far been overlooked. This paper therefore proposes to look into a couple of public housing projects by Groupe Structures, the largest architectural firm in the country in the postwar period. As it will be argued, the stylistic and typological evolution of these schemes reveals the growing impact of a ‘productivist ideology’ on public housing in the 1950s. Paralyzed by the steeply rising building costs, the central buzzwords became standardization, industrialization and prefabrication. However, as the paper argues, the productivity doctrine failed to live up to its expectations as the sector’s turnover remained too marginal to put sufficient pressure on the construction industry.

Abstract The European framework of health information (HI) consists - besides the supra-national framework - of national frameworks of health infrastructures. It is therefore essential to strengthening capacities to provide HI and carry out research in countries. Nowadays, one can experience lack of coordination, communication and cooperation between stakeholders in a country, leading to overlap or duplication of research and field-work. InfAct proposes a tool to overcome a majority of these difficulties by encouraging MSs to establish national nodes (NN) as a national focal point for DIPoH. A NN is a building block of DIPoH often coordinated by a national institution or governmental unit that functions as a NN and brings together relevant national stakeholders in an organised way. Researchers from public health institutes and research groups constitute the NN to share expertise and updated knowledge on HI with each other. Currently, there are some active NN in the EU, with differences in scope, scale and initial purpose, due to different organisation of HI systems in countries. Such heterogeneity can also be found in national eHealth strategies. Diverse organizational arrangements exist which has proven to influence collaborative activities. At the same time new needs are arising, such as to better bridge the digital HI between research and health care, so that our health care systems can faster contribute to integrated data driven insights. This also relates to the debate on the Health Data Space, which creation is stated in the mission letter to the new European Commissioner for Health. For example, the eHealth Network has been discussing policy documents targeted at national level policy with regard to the organization of National eHealth Networks. In this pitch presentation, an overview of different practices will be presented with proposals for future work in this area, including the role of NN in DIPoH and proposals for their sustainability. Panelists: H Van Oyen Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Contact: herman.vanoyen@sciensano.be S Montante Brussels Liaison Office, National Institute of Health of Italy (ISS), Brussels, Belgium Contact: sabrina.montante@iss.it E Bacry Health Data Hub, Santś publique France, Paris, France E Bernal-Delgado Health Services and Policy Research Group, Institute for Health Sciences in Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain Contact: ebernal.iacs@aragon.es C Sousa Pinto Advanced Analytics and Intelligence, Shared Services In Ministry Of Health, Lisbon, Portugal Contact: catiasousapinto@gmail.com

Abstract National health information collect evidence on population health, health determinants and health system performance needed for designing public health interventions and decision-making. However, It can be difficult to ensure that routinely obtained data are suitable for use in decision-making. This can result in a large gap between research outputs and its utilization by policymakers. Over the course of the past years, a variety of knowledge translation initiatives supporting better use of research in policy-making processes have emerged. A popular strategy that has attracted attention as a tool to bridge the knowledge and policy gap between researchers and policy-makers is the policy brief. A policy brief is informative, credible and easy to grasp short document summarizing relevant studies. It is usually addressed to people working in government who may know little about a certain topic and need to express an opinion and make a quick decision. A policy brief's typical format includes a background synthesizing the problem, the stakeholders involved, and recommendations. It is intended to facilitate the use of evidence in the public policy process. Policy briefs have grown in popularity, especially among early career researchers and public health professionals, as a tool to disseminate their research and reach out to policy-makers, so that their research can have a tangible impact on policy design and implementation. In this interactive skills building seminar, we will share with the participants the knowledge, skills, and process of writing effective policy briefs. We will use the experience of the Belgian Cancer Centre of Sciensano as a case study. In the context of the Belgian Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP) Mirror Group, Sciensano developed a series of policy briefs outlining the major activities and initiatives related to cancer care. In these policy briefs, the gaps in cancer care and their consequences were analysed, and provide key recommendations to be taken by policy and decision-makers to improve the status quo and respond to the gaps were identified. This process of policy brief writing was conducted in a participatory approach with input from actors working in cancer care across Belgium. The seminar will start with a presentation on the Belgian EBCP Mirror Group experience. Based on the Belgian EBCP Mirror Group example, the seminar will include an interactive session exploring the key elements of an effective policy brief writing, followed by group work with the audience to co-produce policy briefs in their areas of expertise. Key messages • Policy briefs are informative, credible and easy to grasp short documents summarizing relevant studies. • Policy briefs are knowledge transfer tools that optimise evidence use and research uptake during the process of policy-making. Speakers/Panelists Marie Delnord Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium Gabrielle Schittecatte Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium

Abstract Patient and citizen engagement is an essential element of effective healthcare delivery and policy-making, leading towards patient-centred care and improving health outcomes. An important shift is taking place from paternalistic and deficit models towards a more participatory approach. Notably, patients provide valuable input on the ethics, acceptability, trustworthiness and effectiveness of policy initiatives based on their preferences, values and experiences. This is particularly relevant in the area of cancer prevention and treatment, where patient and citizen involvement plays an important part in the European Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP) and EU4Health programme. Cancer care is a societal challenge that raises many issues such as reimbursement of and timely access to prevention, diagnosis and treatment, the use of genomic data, behaviour modification, surveillance, data protection, the integration of therapeutics and research. This challenge is relevant for the population as a whole as everyone is vulnerable to the disease and everyone is impacted by screening, immunization, and preventative initiatives. As such, there is a need for a long-term plan to systematically and actively involve patients and citizens in policy and decision-making. The Belgian Cancer Centre of Sciensano is organising a workshop to improve patient and citizen engagement in policy-making. In this emerging field, no clear quality standards, accepted methods or even recommendations for when to involve certain publics on what topics exist. This workshop will offer an overview of the current state of play and provide practical tools and recommendations for future implementation. During the workshop, participants will learn about the theoretical background, practical implications and potential benefits of public engagement. The workshop will focus on three types of engagement (large scale, targeted and structural), offer concrete examples and discuss risks and benefits of different methodological approaches. In the second part of the workshop, a hypothetical citizen engagement project about the implementation of risk-stratified cancer prevention will be designed, using a co-creative approach involving all participants. The participants will be guided through the process of formulating appropriate questions, setting up a suitable design and preparing implementation of outcomes. Key messages • Engagement of patients and citizens is a crucial component of efficient healthcare delivery and policy development. • The booming field of patient and citizen engagement offers a lot of different methods and strategies. It is important to use the appropriate tool in all circumstances. Speakers/Panelists Wannes Van Hoof Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium Louise Mathieu Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium

Background: In recent years, there has been a rise in international (care) movements that prioritise community-centred initiatives such as age-friendly communities, compassionate communities or integrated community care. Although these movements have different focal points, they share common features: seeking to address systemic failures in (care) services, value the participation of end-users, focus on unmet (care) needs, through a local, neighbourhood-oriented approach. In the Flemish and Brussels regions notably the concept of Caring Neighbourhoods is experiencing rapid growth. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to examine the development and implementation of 35 Caring Neighbourhood initiatives in Flanders and Brussels (Belgium) to explore the added value of such projects, as well as the crucial elements for creating Caring Neighbourhoods. Design: Thirty-five caring neighbourhood projects were examined by means of five focus group interviews with project coordinators ( n = 34) and five focus group interviews with neighbourhood residents ( n = 27), using participant-generated photo elicitation. Methods: The focus group sessions were recorded, transcribed and data were labelled using an inductive analytical framework, following the steps of reflexive thematic analysis. Results: The analysis of the 35 Caring Neighbourhoods showed that fostering connections was key in building Caring Neighbourhoods: connections among residents, connections between residents and care and support services and among care services themselves. The three primary ways to connect people were through activities, places and people. Also, the role of the Caring Neighbourhood coordinator is highlighted as key, which should focus on weaving existing resources, facilitating and coaching instead of organising. Altogether, the projects brought meaning and value to participants’ lives, enhancing overall life satisfaction and well-being, with an emphasis on physical and psychosocial care and support. Conclusion: Through critically reflecting on our results and other research, we call on researchers to pay increased attention in research on community-centred care initiatives to death, dying and grief, equity and social justice and the need for both warm and cold solidarity.