Journal articles on the topic 'Euro – Economic aspects'
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1
Licari, Joseph. "The Euro‐Mediterranean Partnership: Economic and Financial Aspects." Mediterranean Politics 3, no. 3 (December 1998): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629399808414662.
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Krásnická, Martina. "Legal and economic aspects of deeper EU integration in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072351.
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The deeper economic integration in form of fiscal union, bank union, or increased macroeconomic surveillance is for the Czech Republic not only the question of whether and when to enter the euro zone, but also whether and when to join the other institutes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the legal background of these instruments and estimate their possible economic impact. These hypotheses would be a subject of author’s further search. The future impact on enterprises in the Czech Republic is evident in some areas of the EU enhanced cooperation. Adoption of the euro is an example. Other aspects of deeper economic integration as for example the bank union do not impact the microsphere so obviously; however can significantly change the business environment in the country.
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ZEMÁNEK, Ladislav. "The Czech Republic and the Ukrainian crisis: Economic and foreign policy aspects." Perspectives and prospects. E-journal, no. 2 (2022): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32726/2411-3417-2022-2-62-82.
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The article deals with two areas: first, the consequences of the 2022 Ukrainian crisis for the Russian business in the Czech Republic and the Czech business in Russia; second, the accelerating dynamics of the Czech-US relations, which are increasingly intensive, primarily in the field of the (geo)political and military cooperation. The analysis shows that the liberal elites are deepening the country's Euro-Atlantic orientation, which manifests itself both at the conceptual, ideological and practical levels. Not surprising in this context are the attempts to revive the plans to establish a US military base in the Czech Republic and Prague's active military support for Kiev to the detriment of the national interest. The study reveals a strong tendency among the Czech political elites towards militarism and revision of policy fundamentals in line with radical Euro-Atlanticism and liberal authoritarianism.
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Humeniuk, Tetjana. "Key dimensions of crises in the EU: contemporary aspects." Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi, no. 12(24) (December 9, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2021.12.24.22-28.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to describe the main factors of crisis phenomena in the development of the European integration process. Methodology. The methodology involves a comprehensive study of theoretical and practical material on this subject, as well as formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific cognition were used in the research process: dialectical, terminological, formal and logical, comparative and legal, system and functional methods. Results. Transformation processes in the EU serve as a manifestation of global economic and information development. The crisis in the euro area was largely due to the peculiarities of its economic and institutional organization, in particular, the conditions for the free movement of capital and the lack of policy coordination in other sectors of the economy. Until now, measures in the field of economic governance in the EU have been largely ineffective due to their recommendatory nature and the lack of a legal obligation for EU Member States to comply with them. The crisis in the euro area and the EU in general has created favorable political conditions for deep institutional changes in the field of European integration. In particular, the dependence of EU countries on financial assistance from the ESM leads them to comply with the terms of the Fiscal Compact. At present, most EU political leaders consider deepening integration to be the key to securing the EU’s future economic growth and preventing future crises. In this context, the launch of a common fiscal policy is a significant step towards economic integration in the EU. Scientific novelty. The study found that most EU leaders are fully aware of the need for structural convergence, namely overcoming structural and cyclical differences among the economies of euro-area countries, as well as the main and secondary risks of divergence as a destructive phenomenon that can disrupt the established social, political, legal and economic order within the EU. Practical significance. Research materials can be used for comparative law studies.
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Decyk, Kamil, and Andrzej Rzeszutek. "Economic Aspects of the Quality of Life." Olsztyn Economic Journal 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.7269.
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The aim of the research was to identify and assess the economic aspects of the quality of life in the EU. The research covered all Member States in terms of the selected quality-of-life indicators, which include GDP per capita expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS), average income in euro and severe material deprivation (SMD) expressed as a percentage. Three research methods were used to conduct the research: analysis and criticism of the literature on the national and international scale, analysis of secondary data obtained from the Eurostat database, as well as a statistical method using descriptive statistics, including the use of the dynamics index to estimate the level and direction of changes in the analyzed quality of life measures. As a result of the conducted research and with the use of the method of aggregating countries in terms of economic indicators describing the quality of life, it was found that rich countries characterized by high socio-economic development featured the highest level of quality of life. They include mainly Luxembourg, and due to the high level of average income and, at the same time, low SMD, Ireland, Austria, and Denmark. The lowest quality of life, but with the highest dynamics of average income, was characteristic of countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and Hungary, where GDP was at a low or very low level. It should be added that in these countries, at the same time, some of the lower rates of deprivation dynamics were identified, which was a positive phenomenon. Poland had the lowest SMD dynamics.
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Huerta De Soto, J. "In Defense of the Euro: Austrian School Approach (Critics of ECB Errors and Brussel’s Interventionism)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2012): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-11-78-100.
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The mechanism of euro functioning is analyzed in the article from the standpoint of limiting the autonomy of monetary authorities of the European monetary union members, which precludes them from manipulating national currency for the short sighted political interests and postponing painful structural reforms under crises aimed at liberalizing the economy. In some aspects euro excels the classical gold standard, which fell under monetary nationalism attack in the 1930s. Motives and arguments of critics and adversaries are analyzed and the reasons for euro defense are exposed. Real economic and social problems of Europe and ECB errors are described.
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Studinski, Volodymyr, and Kateryna Romanchuk. "Problematic aspects of euro integration process of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex." University Economic Bulletin, no. 39 (December 21, 2018): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2018-39-113-121.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the main advantages and risks for domestic agricultural producers in the process of integration into European space and to assess their impact on the development of the domestic agricultural sector. The proposed article analyzes the prospects and risks of integration of domestic agricultural enterprises into world economy. Special attention is focused on the export and import of agricultural products and the achievement of Ukraine in the field of agro-industrial complex. An estimation of foreign economic activity of agrarian enterprises of Ukraine is conducted. The implications of the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU for various sectors of the economy of Ukraine, and most especially for the agrarian sector, are assessed and analyzed. The potential benefits of signing the Comprehensive Free Trade Area Agreement for the development of the agrarian sector have been explored. Perspectives are considered and risks of European integration for agrarian enterprises and development of rural territories are analyzed. It is established that European integration for Ukraine is a way to modernize the domestic agricultural production, attract foreign investments and new technologies, increase the competitiveness of products, obtain financial resources for the development of the economy. Conclusions. Thus, the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex has a serious economic potential which allows it to be in a positive dynamics and has good prospects of integration into the European space. At the same time, this process should fit into the overall context of reforms and sectoral changes in Ukraine's economy. Alongside with it, the state plays an important role in the regulatory processes of managing the economy in general and the agrarian sector in particular.
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van Riet, Ad. "Twenty Years of European Central Bank Monetary Policy: A Keynesian and Austrian Perspective." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 239, no. 5-6 (September 25, 2019): 797–840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2018-0078.
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Abstract This article reviews how the European Central Bank (ECB) implemented its monetary policy for the euro area from 1999 to 2018 from two perspectives. Taking a Keynesian point of view, the euro area economy was beset for a long time by secular stagnation and required the ECB to ensure a protracted period of relatively low interest rates to provide continuous support to aggregate demand at the level of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). By contrast, the Austrian School of Economics argues that the low-interest rate bias of the ECB caused financial excesses and prevented a more rapid reallocation of unviable resources necessary for a sustainable expansion of aggregate supply. Both the Keynesian and the Austrian paradigm appear relevant when examining the monetary and financial aspects of the euro area business cycle and the secular decline of interest rates over the past 20 years. For most of the time, ECB monetary policy was the ‘only game in town’ and the EMU architecture was unable to deliver the balanced macroeconomic and financial policy mix required for a sustainable path of the euro area economy.
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Ristevska, G., D. Rajchanovska, T. Jovanovska, and B. Dejanova. "Low Income Deteriorates Quality of Life in Early Breast Cancer Survivors." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S670—S671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1147.
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BackgroundPatients who have survived cancer and have lower socio-economic status, are more likely to leave the workforce. Financial problems are widespread among many of the breast cancer survivors, but their effect on the quality of life are not sufficiently explored. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of low income onto quality of life in early breast cancer survivors.MethodsIn this study, 214 consecutive early female breast cancer patients, with mean age of 60 years (range 30–90), were interviewed for psycho-social aspects, depression (MINI) and quality of life (EORTC QLQ-Core 30 and BR-23). All patients were cancer free at the moment of interview and all initial oncological treatments were completed. Monthly net family income distribution was: ≤150 euro 58 patients (27.1%); income between 150–500 euro 116 patients (54.2%); ≥500 euro 40 patients (18.7%).ResultsPatients with income ≤150 euro, compared to patients with income ≥500 euro, had statistically significant worse global health status (60.2 ± 27.9 vs. 80.2 ± 19.2; P = 0.0007); worse physical functioning (80.3 vs. 69.1; P < 0.001); worse role functioning (92.9 vs. 78.7; P = 0.009); worse sexual functioning (P = 0.019); more severe fatigue (38 vs. 23; P = 0.01), nausea/vomitus (P = 0.041), appetite loss (18.4 ± 7.5). Major depression was diagnosed in 35 patients. Depressed patients have less income than not depressed patients (23.3% vs. 14.41%), but the difference did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsLower income negatively affects many aspects of quality of life. Specific interventions are needed for cancer survivors with lower socio-economic status to preserve and improve the quality of life.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Bocharova, Nadiia, Victor Popov, and Evheniia Tupytska. "Economic and legal aspects of transportation of cargo in Ukraine in the conditions of Euro integration." SHS Web of Conferences 67 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196703001.
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The article is devoted to the study of legal and economic relations that arise in the field of cargo transportation, in particular, their transshipment and legal grounds for its implementation. The article analyzes the legal nature of cargo handling in both the technological process and civil law services. It is determined that transshipment is a separate technological operation in the course of transportation and has its own basis for implementation, which serves as an agreement and therefore confirms and ensures the existence of a legal relationship between individual actors in economic turnover. The authors list the criteria for the economic efficiency of cargo handling, including delivery of cargo to the area where there are no certain types of transport; economic expediency of certain types of transport; and speeding up the delivery process. The European experience in using the cargo handling operation, the basis of the activity of logistic cents and the purpose of their functioning are analyzed. The statistical indicators of economic efficiency in the EU member countries are determined. The authors draw conclusions on the impact of European integration processes on the Ukrainian economy, in particular on the development of the logistics sector.
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Čehulić, Zlatko, and Rajka Hrbić. "The impact of adopting the euro on the Croatian economy." Notitia 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32676/n.5.1.7.
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In this paper the impact of adopting the euro in Croatia is analysed using experiences of other countries which have passed through this process in the last decade and which are comparable with Croatia in many aspects. The process of adopting a currency different from the one that has been used for more than twenty years presents a very important economic question for each country. In this period preceding to adopting the euro, there is an opportunity to analyse this process in the countries which went through it in the past. The result of this paper shows the impacts of adopting the euro in the European countries. The selected countries, which are adequate for analysing the effects of adopting the euro, are: Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. These countries have been selected for different reasons. The majority of these countries have some similarities with Croatia, which are shown in this paper via relevant economic indicators. These results are significant for Croatia and show a positive influence on the Croatian market on a long-term basis. This paper is relevant and has a practical basis both for Croatia and other countries which will go through this process in the future.
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Damiano, E., P. Mercogliano, N. Netti, and L. Olivares. "A "simulation chain" to define a Multidisciplinary Decision Support System for landslide risk management in pyroclastic soils." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2012): 989–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-989-2012.
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Abstract. This paper proposes a Multidisciplinary Decision Support System (MDSS) as an approach to manage rainfall-induced shallow landslides of the flow type (flowslides) in pyroclastic deposits. We stress the need to combine information from the fields of meteorology, geology, hydrology, geotechnics and economics to support the agencies engaged in land monitoring and management. The MDSS consists of a "simulation chain" to link rainfall to effects in terms of infiltration, slope stability and vulnerability. This "simulation chain" was developed at the Euro-Mediterranean Centre for Climate Change (CMCC) (meteorological aspects), at the Geotechnical Laboratory of the Second University of Naples (hydrological and geotechnical aspects) and at the Department of Economics of the University of Naples "Federico II" (economic aspects). The results obtained from the application of this simulation chain in the Cervinara area during eleven years of research allowed in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying a flowslide in pyroclastic soil.
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Inzitari, Bruno. "The Legal Doctrine Concerning the Introduction of the Euro as the Single European Currency." European Review of Private Law 7, Issue 2 (June 1, 1999): 173–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/241841.
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1. The economic and historical significance of the introduction of a single European currency, the emotional aspects involved in the substitution of national currencies: loving the mark. - 2. The overall picture as regards regulatory matters. - 3. The draft regulation proposed by the Council on 24 January 1997, in compliance with Art. 109 l., par. 4, third phase, of the Treaty. - 4. Currency and pecuniary obligations in European monetary unification. - 5. Conversion of the national currency into euro and vice versa during the transitional period excludes the applicability of the contract of currency exchange: subsequent gratuitousness of the conversion. - 6. The continuity of contracts during the transitional period of changing from national currencies to the euro.
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Rajović, Goran, and Jelisavka Bulatović. "Some Geographical Aspects of Sustainable Development with View on Montenegro: A Review." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 42 (October 2014): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.42.98.
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Sustainable Development refers to the creation and maintenance of social and economic development. In order to achieve this it is necessary to provide interaction between environmental, social and economic components of the system, synchronized in time and space. Each of these interactions has its specific dynamics, requires the involvement of certain resources. Greening the of society expands the array of environmental requirements that are in opposition to traditional economic needs of the accumulation of material wealth and production, which does not take account of the environment. Despite the economic crisis, according to the results of the Euro barometer survey conducted in late March and early April 2014, which included 28,000 respondents from different social and demographic groups, and the 28 members of the European Union, showed that 96 % of people said how they care for the environment, personal matters. To ensure the inclusion of sustainability requirements into development policies and their implementation in practice, Montenegro has prepared and implemented by the National Strategy for Sustainable Development, based on the principles of the Declaration of Rio de Janeiro and Agenda 21, as well as the principles contained in the Declaration and the Johannesburg Plan by implementation.
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Cammarota, Simona, Andrea Morsanutto, Enrica Menditto, Anna Citarella, and Simona De Portu. "Epidemiological and economic aspects of diabetes in the Campania Region, Italy." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2008): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v9i2.220.
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Aim: to assess the economic and epidemiologic impact of diabetes in Campania, a region of approximately 5.7 million inhabitants in the south of Italy. Method: we collected, from an electronic database, all prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs reimbursed in the first half year of 2005 in 8 local health authorities (60% of the overall population) of Campania. The diabetic cohort was defined as the population of subjects receiving at least 2 prescriptions of an antidiabetic agent in 6-month, classified according to their therapeutic role using Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Characterization is given of the patients and their antidiabetic medication. Subsequently, the prescription of concomitant treatment, in comparison with a control group, is presented. Drugs cost and drugs consumption were quantified using NHS prospective (expressed in Euro 2005) and Defined Daily Dose system (DDD) respectively. Results: the diabetic cohort included 183,614 subjects (5.3% of the observed population), mean age was 65.0 years and female represented 54.8% of the sample. Total cost for diabetic patients represents 16.8% of the total drug expenditure. The average drug/cost/patient was € 355.7; only 19.0% was spent for antidiabetic drugs. The reported use of medication was higher for subjects with diabetes compared with the control population regarding overall use (2,363.5 versus 1259.8 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/die), the use of cardiovascular drugs (1,499.3 versus 663.5 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day), use of haematologic drugs (277.1 versus 120.3 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day), and use of ophthalmological drugs (48.3 versus 21.0 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day). Discussion: chronic-degenerative pathologies, such as diabetes, implies a relevant social and economic impact. Expenses that are associated to the treatment and the prevention of complications, in particular cardiovascular problems, are registered among the main items listed in the healthcare budget.
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Drinkovic, Marina. "Analysis of the process of introducing euro in new member states: Defining lessons for Croatia case study: Slovenia." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 1-2 (May 30, 2009): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/1-2/13.
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On 1 May 2004, EU made a historical enlargement by expanding from 15 to 25 members, and with another enlargement in 2007, EU is now a union of 27 member states. Following the new member states accession to the EU the next challenge for them is joining European Monetary Union and introducing the euro as a national legal currency. This thesis concentrated on the analysis on how the new member states handle the process of joining the Euro-zone with the main objective to examine whether there are any possible lessons that Croatia can apply to its EMU integration path. The thesis is mainly focused on analysing the Slovenian EMU integration process, as this member state has been identified by the Croatian Authorities and Croatian National Bank as the one whose experience Croatia should try to follow. The central questions that are discussed are weather Croatia is economically and politically capable to follow the Slovenian example, and, on the other side, weather the Slovenian example is the best one to follow i.e. should Croatia introduce euro by using the quick EMU entry strategy as Slovenia did. In order to answer those questions thesis focused on analysing and explaining different strategies for euro adoption chosen by the new member states with special emphasis on the strategy of quick EMU entry approach chosen by Slovenia. The thesis also concentrated on analysing the Slovenian political and economical path from Yugoslavia to the EU and especially on its economic performance and key economic indicators prior to introducing euro. Finally, with the aim to compare the economic performance between Slovenia and Croatia and define similarities/differences in their transition and EU accession process, the thesis gave a detailed overview of the Croatian current economical and political situation. After brief analysis of all pros and cons of an early euro adoption, the thesis concluded that following the experiences of small sized countries with opened economies and strong trade orientation towards the countries of the Euro-zone, such Slovenia is, would be a comprehensive and logical strategy for Croatia. Early euro adoption would provide more benefits than costs for Croatian economy and society in general. The thesis also concluded that Croatia should face no major problems when it comes to fulfilling most of the Maastricht criterion on time, in order to be able to adopt the euro in the shortest possible period as Slovenia did. However, the thesis also highlighted that in order to do so Croatia has to put a serious emphasis on improving certain aspects of its current macroeconomic situation, in particular the one concerning the percentage of state sector deficit in the GDP and the size of public debt.
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Boros, Eszter. "Internal devaluation: A controversial effort for adjustment within the Euro area." Acta Oeconomica 71, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2021.00002.
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AbstractThe euro crisis and its lessons are still not a closed chapter for economists and policy makers. The challenge to find the most appropriate ways to prevent intra-area imbalances is still on the top of the agenda. Nominal adjustment (internal devaluation) remains one of the most critical aspects of this debate. Many are indeed interested in whether austerity measures in several countries “made sense.” But much more is at stake here than evaluating the past. The true question is whether the eurozone can rely on nominal adjustment to align internal economic fluctuations. This paper contributes to the answer by investigating the size of price changes and their impacts on output and trade in the wake of the euro crisis. Selecting the most appropriate variables to measure competitive outcomes, the basic idea of “expansionary contraction” is tested. We rely on a comprehensive panel of all Eurozone member states in the post-crisis years (2010–2017). The results suggest that flexible price levels cannot be taken for granted, and a link to competitiveness is not self-evident, either. Other channels of adjustment may prove to be more important, but scaling them up will ultimately require a sound consensus on the future architecture of the euro.
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Kolodko, G. W. "An Asian era with the Euro-Atlantic civilization as a background?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2017): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-10-140-147.
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For years, the view has been repeated that Asia’s age is coming, and thus the position of both Europe and the United States is declining. The main factor behind these tectonic shifts in relative economic power and the associated geopolitical situation is the nearly four decades of rapid growth of Chinese economy. The achievements of other Southeast Asian countries, especially India, with robust growth are also meaningful with this regard. The article verifies these views and analyzes the different aspects of China’s confrontation with Europe and North America. The Asian dominance era is not coming, yet a relatively stronger position of the East at the cost of a weakening position of the West is emerging. Hence, a new multi-polar arrangement of forces in the global economy, without a hegemon, is being created.
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Rozmahel, Petr. "Measuring the business cycles similarity and convergence trends in the Central and Eastern European countries towards the Eurozone with respect to some unclear methodological aspects." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 2 (2011): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159020237.
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The adoption of Euro in Slovakia since January 2009 and current world economic crises revived a debate on timing of the Euro adoption in the Czech Republic and other Central and Eastern European countries. The purpose of the article is to contribute to a discussion on the process of joining the Eurozone by the Czech Republic and other candidate countries. The paper provides an analysis of few business cycle similarity and convergence measures using different indicators and detrending techniques. Measures of business cycles similarity are ordinarily used to evaluate preparedness of candidate countries to join the Eurozone. The results indicate continuing convergence of the business cycles similarity between the candidate and Eurozone member countries. The paper also sheds some light on possible influence of selected detrending techniques upon the resultant correlations. It gives a recommendation to interpret the results of business cycles correlation measuring in the close context with used methodology. A short note on a regional approach to analyse the GDP cycles is also included in a text.
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BRZIĆ, ALEKSANDAR N. "Some Observations on the Role of Ducats in the Balkans in Late Medieval and Modern Times." Rural History 17, no. 2 (September 26, 2006): 117–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793306001841.
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Ducats were issued for the first time in the second half of the thirteenth century. Although practically invisible in Western Europe nowadays, they are still hoarded and used by the rural population of the Balkans. The wealth stored in them is considerable; its level does not show signs of structural decline yet, even in the age of the almighty euro. The history of the use of ducats in the Balkans can be divided into three distinctive periods. Using a descriptive economic-historical approach, the characteristics of these periods, their main evolutionary aspects and particularities are being observed and explained. An overview of countries issuing ducats in the Balkans is given and some economic comparisons used to illustrate the significance of ducats as an economic phenomenon. Finally, the very important question of the use of ducats in jewelry in the Balkans is considered.
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Aleshin, Alexander. "UK – EU Security and Defence Cooperation after Brexit." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 4 (2020): 278–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2020.04.12.
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The United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union launched a transformation of the Euro-Atlantic security area, which led to uncertainty and the creation of political forks for key regional actors on military integration. The Euro-Atlantic security complex has moved towards bipolarity with centers in NATO and the EU, but so far this is only a trend. The consequence of Brexit is the strengthening of polycentricity in the European sub-complex of the Euro-Atlantic security area and the strengthening of the leadership of the EU, Paris and London. The future system and structure of this sub-complex largely depends on the results of negotiations between the UK and the EU both on trade and economic issues, and on cooperation in the field of security, defence and foreign policy cooperation. The economic aspects of Brexit are still not clear, the economic losses due to the coronavirus pandemic and the slowdown in the global economy are obvious, which leads to unpredictability in the formation of military and foreign policy budgets of both the UK and the EU member states. The UK intends to establish the most deep and comprehensive military-political cooperation with the EU. In the absence of institutional mechanisms for the interaction of Brussels with London on security issues, the country seeks to strengthen bilateral ties in the field of foreign policy, security and defence with EU leaders, primarily France and Germany. An important influence on the above processes have external actors, among them the United States play a paramount role. The UK is likely to seek its place between the USA and the EU, which will force London to deliberately combine multilateral and bilateral cooperation with individual countries. The security area in Europe will gain more certainty after the conclusion of a political agreement between the UK and the EU, but this will not happen until the conclusion of a trade and economic agreement.
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Бунчук, М. М. "Economic causes and consequences of international terrorism." PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ASPECTS 4, no. 1-2 (February 4, 2016): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1516007.
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At present, representatives of the scientific, political, military circles and the civil society of the most countries of the world are taking part in the antiterrorist activity.The formation and implementation of the state policy of terrorism prevention in Ukraine provide for realization of the measures package of the legislative and executive power, the society and individual citizens of Ukraine.The article:• identifies problems of terrorism combating policy in the context of research on the causes and economic impact of terrorist activities;• reveals that appearance of evaluation categories in the field of terrorism resulted in a formation of a specific world market - a terrorism market;• considers problems related to the effectiveness of budgetary and extra-budgetary expenditure linked to threats of international terrorism in the countries of the integrated world;• highlights the economic losses incurred by Ukraine because of the terrorist activity in the Donetsk and Lugansk regions in 2014;• defines theoretical aspects of anti-terrorist Ukrainian policy analysis in the con-text of international, especially European and Euro-Atlantic, anti-terrorism cooperation;The conducted analysis shows that one of the priority tasks of the state regarding to improving the efficiency of antiterrorist activity should be the construction of the sys-tem of prevention of terrorism as a complex, multidimensional phenomenon, including by means of creating a system of regulatory actions of authorized authorities and other institutions of civil society in this area.
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Bieling, Hans-Jürgen. "EU facing the crisis: social and employment policies in times of tight budgets." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 18, no. 3 (July 19, 2012): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258912448591.
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Over the past years the centre of the economic crisis has repeatedly shifted. Starting as a subprime crisis in the US, it soon unfolded as a global economic and financial crisis in order then to become a sovereign debt crisis, euro crisis and, eventually, also a social and democratic crisis. Against the background of the general political and economic conditions within the EU, this article traces the shifts of the political terrain. It focuses above all on the transition from a rather costly crisis management (bank rescues, economic stimulus programmes and automatic stabilizers) towards a new agenda of austerity policies. Structurally, this agenda can be seen as the reaction to significant increases in public debt. In addition, it has been promoted politically and institutionalized through successive European economic governance reforms. These reforms have also had a serious impact on domestic social and employment policies. In some countries dependent on external credits this is already evident, while in other countries the deregulatory aspects of the radicalized reform agenda have only just started to unfold.
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Chmiel, Justyna. "Multi-Factor Evaluation of the Financialization Degree of Polish Households in the Background of the Euro Area." Studia Humana 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2021-0008.
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Abstract Financialization is a term that is becoming increasingly popular in the Polish literature. One of its important aspects, which is multidimensionality, is often emphasized. It is a process whose effects are visible at all levels of the economy. The effects of financialization could be seen both at the national level and in the basic economic unit, which is a household. Firstly, the purpose of this study is to analyze changes, which in literature are considered to be symptoms of financialization in Polish households. The second, no less important goal, is to compare the level of financialization of Polish households with the level characteristic for countries belonging to the euro area.
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Costa-Filho, João. "The 2008 Crisis: An International Finance (Over)view." Journal of Quantitative Methods 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/2019/jqm/030201.
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The aim of this paper is to present an international finance view of the 2008 crisis. By relying on four traditional international finance classes of models (the intertemporal current account approach, two exchange rate risk premium models and open-economy economic policy models), we addresed, theoretically, the importance of macro-finance aspects of the episode such as portfolio reallocation and its aggregate effects, using data for supporting the claims. Moreover, by telling the story of the crisis, divided in three periods (Great Moderation, Great Recession and Euro Crisis) we provided an overview of the deployments as well as an understanding of the development from a slightly point of view.
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Modi, Sandeep Nath. "Greece Crisis: Critical Analysis of Failure of Governance." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 5, no. 3 (December 17, 2016): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v5.n3.p4.
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<em>Greece, which is one of the world’s largest shipping powers, is suffering from financial crisis in Euro Zone. It has impaired the European Economy, besides having an impact on World Economy too. Greece is exposed to huge debt crises owing to IMF, Germany, Spain, Italy, other European Members and European Central Bank. Recently, Greece is trying to strike a deal with its creditors for extension of time for repayment of the loan and have also requested to increase the limit of emergency funding by European Central Bank. The Government has also taken many steps on domestic level to stop the liquidity easing from its financial system and markets. Today, Greece is at cross –road between the Government and the Governance. This Paper dwells on four aspects; first, critical analysis of Greece Economic Structure to know the actual economic condition of Greece. Second, in depth examining the debt portfolio of Greece to know the exposure of the Greece to the European Union Members, European Central Bank, IMF, Private Investors and also critical analysis of Greece Debt Structure along with repayment deadlines. Third, Greece Government’s decisions regarding finding the solutions to counter the financial crisis as to know how governance is more important than growth. And fourt, what would be the repercussions on Greece if it decides/ made to leave Euro Zone. </em>
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Bobeva, Daniela. "Nominal, Structural and Real Convergence of the EU Candidate Countries’ Economies." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2021-0024.
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Abstract Despite the significant academic interest in the economic cohesion, the various aspects of convergence and the ways they can be measured still remain theoretically unclear. These are issues of extreme political significance, especially for countries aspiring for EU and euro area membership. The goal of this paper is to consolidate a variety of theoretical views on the convergence and its measurement and use it as the basis to assess the progress and the current state of economic convergence to the EU of the four candidate countries. The interrelation between the three forms of convergence in the different phases of the economic cycle is studied and the slobs in the ways the convergence is measured are outlined. The study reveals large differences between the candidate countries in achieving convergence with the EU. Their experiences do not confirm the positive relationship between nominal and real convergence. The structural convergence considered as convergence of sectoral structure has but little impact on the real convergence.
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Moryakina, Irina. "REVIEW OF THE TEXTBOOK Borys Dmytro (2022). Onomastic aspects of translation: theory and practice. Onomastic aspects of translation: theory and practice. - Kyiv: KNLU Publishing Center, 2022 - 108 p.)." Scientific and methodological journal "Foreign Languages", no. 3-4 (December 30, 2022): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/1817-8510.2022.3-4.269690.
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Strengthening the position of the Ukrainian state in the international arena, recognition of its role in maintaining global security and stability, deepening its integration into the Euro-Atlantic and world community raises to a new level the need to train highly qualified specialist translators, whose professional competencies would meet the requirements of modernity and the growing needs of our country. In the short term, due to the involvement of foreign governments, international organizations and private companies in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, the number of our international contacts at at all levels will increase rapidly. This means that that future specialists will not only have to search for and correctly use common equivalents of English place names, atroponyms, ergonyms, but also often reproduce them themselves, or rather create Ukrainian equivalents for specific English-language cultural realities, and vice versa. Thus, the expansion of international cooperation in economic, political, military, security cultural, educational, environmental and many other spheres of life, necessitates the creation of new modern textbooks and translation manuals. Such is the peer-reviewed textbook by D. P. Borys "Onomastic Aspects of Translation: Theory and Practice".
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Cherkasova, E. "Spain: Opinion on European Integration." World Economy and International Relations, no. 11 (2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-11-48-53.
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The article analyzes the changes that characterize Spanish approach to political aspects of European integration, and more specifically, the approach of different political parties to the process. Spanish political circles and even think tanks pay relatively little attention to theoretical aspects of European integration, whereas practical relations with the EU are of paramount importance. This is due to the fact that the question of belonging to the EU was settled in Spain long ago and definitively. Majoritarian character of Spanish democracy facilitates the transfer of powers from Brussels to Madrid, i.e. objectively favors the choice of federalization. Nevertheless, Spain continues to upload its national preferences onto the EU decision-making process. In recent years, Spain’s influence and authority in the EU have declined because of the economic crisis. This loss of authority will be overcome as soon as the economic growth is resumed. Constantly emphasizing its belonging to the core of the EU, the “Old Europe”, and to the core of the euro zone, maintaining close relationship with the Latin group within the EU, Spain has consistently advocated a united and strong Europe with a Common Foreign and Security Policy.
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Marchenkov, Maksim L. "Consistency and Adaptability: New Aspects of the Arctic Policy of Sweden." Arctic and North, no. 47 (June 28, 2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2022.47.126.
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The article is an analytical review of Sweden’s Arctic policy since the adoption of the country’s first Arctic strategy in 2011 until nowadays. The priorities of Sweden’s 2011 Arctic Strategy in the areas of environmental protection, economic cooperation and human life in the Arctic are analyzed. Sweden’s chairmanship programs at the Arctic Council for 2011–2013 and at the Barents Euro-Arctic Council for 2017–2019 are assessed for compliance with the national Arctic strategy priorities. The participation of Sweden in projects under the auspices of the Arctic Council in the 2010s and at present is presented. The content of the updated Sweden’s Arctic strategy of 2020 is analyzed. The updated strategy is compared with the strategy of 2011; the reasons for the enlargement of the thematic coverage of Sweden’s Arctic strategy of 2020 (additional priorities are international cooperation in the Arctic, security and stability in the region, and scientific cooperation) are explained. The reasons for Sweden’s emphasis on security issues in the Arctic are explained. It is concluded that Sweden’s Arctic policy from 2011 to the present is consistent and adaptable due to the changing climatic, economic, political and military situation in the Arctic region. The desire of Sweden to cooperate with the Nordic countries and NATO in the field of military cooperation in the Arctic is marked as a new tendency in Sweden’s Arctic policy. The new role of the European Union, Canada and Germany in the implementation of Swedish Arctic policy at the present stage is traced. Sweden’s Arctic strategy is also estimated in correspondence to the provisions of the Arctic Council Strategic Plan for 2021–2030.
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Kingah, Stephen. "The European Union’s New Africa Strategy: Grounds for Cautious Optimism." European Foreign Affairs Review 11, Issue 4 (December 1, 2006): 527–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2006041.
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In December 2005 the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted a new strategy for Africa (the Strategy) proposed by the Commission in October 2005. In the document, the EU discusses many aspects relating to its ties with African countries. Past cooperation is reviewed and ongoing programs are assessed. What distinguishes the Strategy from previous EU policy statements on Africa is that the Union makes allusion a number of new elements. They include economic initiatives, political innovations, a new social blueprint, geographic coherence, strategic aspects and more money. While the elements are reminiscent of a forward-looking approach to future EU-Africa relations, certain challenges may need to be surmounted. The challenges mainly refer to the potential negative effects of policy incoherence. However, if implemented with a sense of purpose by both sides, the issues regarding policy incoherence could be appropriately addressed by specific mechanisms discussed in the Strategy. Such mechanisms include the Euro-African Business Forum and EU-African Human Rights Forum.
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Vojtaššák, Marek. "The Selected Aspects of Application of Monetary Policy in the Economic and Monetary Union Pre-And-Post 2008." Creative and Knowledge Society 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cks-2015-0004.
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Abstract Purpose of the article is to present in two parts the selected aspects of application of monetary policy in the euro area pre and post 2008 as well as insitutional adaptations brought by the EU legislator. Methodology/methods In order to better explain these points, the article relies partially on a comparison with the framework and application of the monetary policy by the Federal Reserve as well as on a historic method when outlining the influence of definition of financial stability from the ECB/Eurosystem towards other prominent central banks. Scientific aim The article presents selected aspects of the monetary policy in the part of the EU where single currency was introduced in order to outline state of the art governance structure as well as a certain institutional creativity in application of powers conferred upon the central banks by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and Protocol on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank. The goal is to prove (i) the hypothesis of robustness of the framework and (ii) present the limits that can only be pushed further by the legislative power. The conclusions confirm on the one hand that the framework of monetary policy based on strong institutional safeguards such as legislative power and independence is very resilient and can prove efficient and creative enough to stabilise an innovative monetary system, however, on the other hand, validate the hypothesis that certain adaptations can only be performed on the basis of a legislative adaptations.
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Galent, Marcin. "Kryzys systemowy strefy euro w cieniu traktatu z Maastricht i traktatu z Lizbony." Politeja 15, no. 54 (February 10, 2019): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.54.13.
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The Eurozone Crisis in the Shade of the Maastricht and Lisbon TreatiesThe financial crisis in the eurozone has created a kind of discursive window through which a renewed self‑reflection on the shape on the European integration can be traced. The crisis, its depth and course, has confirmed what previously could only be speculated on the edge of European discourse, namely the fact that the chosen model of deepening the economic and monetary union is not ideologically and class neutral. It therefore generates new decisive conditions about who becomes the beneficiary and the loser, where new centres and peripheries crystallize in this process. The purpose of this article is to use the crisis in the euro area to look at its structure, identify the most important intellectual and ideological assumptions underlying it, indicate how the legal framework contained in the Maastricht and Lisbon Treaties influenced its course and who and why suffered the most losses. Finally, the task of the article is to determine which aspects of the architecture of the eurozone proved to be unsustainable and what has therefore had to be changed in it.
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BURLACHKOV, Vladimir K., and Tat'yana A. GORBACHEVA. "The world monetary system: Specifics of the current stage of development and directions of evolution." Finance and Credit 28, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 252–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.28.2.252.
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Subject. The article investigates the world monetary system and specific aspects of the present stage of its development. Objectives. The purpose is to unveil features of the current stage of the world monetary system development and outline the main directions. Methods. The study draws on principles of historical, logical, and systems approaches, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, and comparative analysis. Results. The specifics of the modern world monetary system and directions of its evolution are determined by the specifics of the modern global economy. As alternative directions for further evolution of the world monetary system, we analyzed (1) the increased use of SDR, (2) strengthening the role of gold, (3) creation of a global currency issued by a specially established global central bank or the IMF, (4) the development of multicurrency, i.e. the use of US dollar, yuan, euro as world money. In the current foreign economic conditions, Russia's interests consist in non-inclusion of ruble in any of the emerging currency zones or, more precisely, zones of influence of euro, dollar, yuan. Conclusions. The findings may be used by public authorities, financial market participants, research-and-development, and educational organizations to analyze modern trends in the development of the world monetary system and the international financial market.
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Palic, N., E. Velinov, and V. Vassilev. "Intermodal Line between Ploce and Brcko: Future Perspectives for the Pan-European Transport." SHS Web of Conferences 71 (2019): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197104010.
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The aim of this paper is to propose the intermodal logistics Corridor Vc, relying on the European Union transport policy, which will be in the function of regional development. The main goal is to analyze a potential route of freight intermodal transport between the ports of Ploče and Brčko in order to popularize this intermodal line at the international level. Among the most important activities in achieving this goal is the integration in the Euro corridor system. This integration is of crucial importance for companies to successfully execute their supply chain processes both domestically and internationally. The paper is based on the analysis of the current socio-economic situation and the condition of the intermodal transport system in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), as well as existing strategic studies and development plans. This paper sheds a light on the creation of a strong integrated intermodal freight transport network in BiH, that will be a quality alternative to other international intermodal flows from the aspect of shorter transport time, lower transport costs and more favorable ecological aspects of transportation.
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Atanasova, Irina, and Tsvetomir Tsvetkov. "Globalization and Income Inequality: Comparative Analysis of the European Countries." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219208003.
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Research background: The globalization of the European countries within the EU and the Eurozone is primarily economic and is expressed by the free trade and the movement of capital and labour, which determines the incomes and the GDP. Globalization and its impact on inequality is becoming an essential and problematic issue, especially in the context of on-going economic integration processes between the countries in Europe, which seek to converge their economic, social and political systems in the Euro area. The process of inequality has become even more relevant in the context of globalization. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to examine the impact of globalization on the inequality in the developed and the emerging economies in Europe. Methods: On the basis of an econometric assessment, a comparative analysis of the effect of globalization on the inequality in the developed European countries and the emerging countries is carried out. Findings & Value added: The paper analyses the essential aspects and the effects of the income inequality dynamics, both horizontally and vertically. It also addresses the question of whether the effect of globalization on the economic growth and the inequality is the same for the developing and the developed countries, respectively. Based on the research, seven important conclusions are reached.
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Voica, Marian Catalin, Mirela Panait, Eglantina Hysa, Arjona Cela, and Otilia Manta. "Foreign Direct Investment and Trade—Between Complementarity and Substitution. Evidence from European Union Countries." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14110559.
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This aim of this work is to study the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. FDI is a driving force for economic growth for host countries. The positive effects of FDI are seen in many aspects of the economy. However, the implications of FDI on foreign trade are questionable. Therefore, this study uses a Granger causality technique to test whether the relationship between FDI and foreign trade is complementary or substitutive. The findings of this study indicate that this relationship appears to be complementary, and FDI investment does cause an increase in trade flow in the countries that are taken into consideration. This research aims to make a comparison between the relations of FDI flows of three groups of countries from the European Union (EU)—Romania and Bulgaria, the Visegrád Group and the Euro area—for the period of 2005 to 2019. However, the results indicate that this link between the variables is not yet found for the three group of countries, and further research is required in this aspect. This leads to the conclusion that the FDI impact on foreign trade of the host country depends on the type of investment and absorptive capacity of the receiver, the economic development of host and home countries, and not every type of FDI leads to more trade.
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Ganguli, Subhadra. "An economic analysis of sustainability of a potential GCC economic and monetary union during 2005-2014." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 12, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-01-2016-0005.
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Purpose – Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) was set up in 1981 between Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Kuwait for strengthening cooperation and economic development in the region. The GCC has made strides towards economic consolidation by forming a customs union and a common market. The long-term vision is to create an Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) with a single currency. Progress towards the EMU has been slow and the recent oil price plunge has led to concerns regarding sustainable growth of member countries due to their significant dependence on oil and lack of diversification. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the scope of an EMU in the GCC against the backdrop of current oil crisis and examine sustainability of such a union. The paper studies convergence criteria similar to the ones followed by the accession countries of the European EMU in the 1990s preceding the introduction of the single currency Euro. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws its practical approach from the experience of the European Monetary Union, though the original idea of the single currency in Optimum Currency Areas was conceived by Mundell (1961). The present paper analyses macroeconomic time-series variables (e.g. GDP, budget deficits, debt, growth rates, inflation rates, exchange rates) for GCC during the period 2005-2014. Data has been sourced from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), The World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) databases to study the convergence criteria adopted by the EMU countries for the introduction of the Euro. Findings – The paper concludes that GCC economies are similar in terms of their structural and economic fundamentals. Most elements of the convergence criteria that were followed by the accession countries in Europe are fulfilled by the GCC member states, particularly during 2011-2014. The GCC states look similar in terms of sustainable growth, price stability and exchange rate stability – three aspects of convergence met by the European Union states. However, heavy dependence on oil and lack of diversification from oil and hydrocarbon-related products in the gross domestic product (GDP) composition of GCC states pose severe risks to the potential union. Fiscal vulnerabilities of these economies to oil price shocks, such as the current oil price crisis, create concerns for such a union during oil price lows. Widely divergent fiscal deficit-to-GDP ratios and rising debt-to-GDP ratios during periods of low oil prices imply the lack of sound and unsustainable public finances for some of the GCC states. The divergence has stemmed from widely different break-even oil prices for government budgets within the GCC and also due to varying degrees of oil dependencies between the member states. The scope of a successful and more sustainable EMU can be further explored once the GCC economics have achieved adequate diversity from oil. Originality/value – The study is useful to policy makers, central banks, businesses and researchers since it highlights the EMU as a feasible option for the GCC states. The sustainability of the EMU is contingent on diversification of these economies in the future from oil and oil-related products. The study can be utilized by policy makers as a strategy to further restructure GCC economies towards greater resilience and integration prior to accession to the GCC EMU.
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Pyka, Irena, and Aleksandra Nocoń. "Determinanty normalizacji polityki monetarnej Europejskiego Banku Centralnego." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 1 (November 26, 2017): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2017.1.11.
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Due to the implementation of non-standard monetary policy by the European Central Bank, concentrated in the first part of the financial crisis mainly on the unconventional open market operations, and in the second on the Quantitative Easing policy, the exit strategies and monetary policy normalization have become the subject of intensified discussion. The concept of a return to "normal" monetary policy of the ECB will require the implementation of two aspects: raising of interest rates and reduction of the size of central bank balance sheet. However, it is undisputed that the exit strategies of the ECB could be implemented only after completing of the asset purchase program and stabilization of euro area public finances. It seems that at this moment the monetary policy of Eurozone will have to wait. The main aim of the study is to identify the determinants of the monetary policy normalization of the European Central Bank. Particular attention will be paid to the conditions of normalization relating to the support for creation of economic recovery in the euro area, the increase of inflation towards the inflation target, stimulation of dynamics of lending activity and the situation on the financial market. The following research methods will be used: the literature studies, including domestic and foreign literature, case studies, cause and effect analysis, observation analysis as well as synthesis analysis.
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Koltsov, Vitalii, and Yuliia Lomzhets. "FOREIGN POLICY IMPERATIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VISEGRAD GROUP AND UKRAINE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-4-81-89.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the main stages of creation and development of the Visegrad Group as a regional grouping, which is successfully developing when being a member of NATO and the European Union. This kind of research is especially relevant in connection with the exacerbation of the economic crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the research is to analyze the strategic stages of creation and development of various cooperative aspects of the Visegrad countries; such a format of interaction has not lost its relevance after accession to the European Union. Analytical separation of periodization of the stages of formation, identification of problems and solutions faced by the Visegrad group’s countries is important for creating a modern economic and political worldview of cooperation and indentifying the main areas of cooperation in Europe. Based on the use of documents, including protocols and declarations as a result of meetings at various levels within the Visegrad Group, the specific stages of its development and interaction with Ukraine in a wide range of components that are the essence of Euro-Atlantic integration are analyzed and identified. Specific examples illustrate that Ukraine has always been in the field of key interests of the Visegrad Four, getting effective assistance and support in various forms from it. There have been identified not only practical issues of regional cooperation and security, but also some aspects of the value and civilization dimension. The member countries of the Visegrad Group, having initiated the format of cooperation “V4 + Ukraine”, took an active part in the most important processes that Ukraine went through on its way. The assumption is proved that the experience of the Visegrad countries is relevant and useful for Ukraine on the way to the realization of its Euro-Atlantic integration aspirations. Despite the difficulties within the European Union, between Ukraine and some of the signatories of the 1991 Visegrad Declaration, cooperation with Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary is the most effective communication platform for intensifying a broad dialogue between Ukraine and the European Union.
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Beck, Gunnar. "The Court of Justice, the Bundesverfassungsgericht and Legal Reasoning during the Euro Crisis: The Rule of Law as a Fair-Weather Phenomenon." European Public Law 20, Issue 3 (September 1, 2014): 539–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2014035.
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Since 2010 the EU has been in an 'emergency' situation due to the euro crisis, where the crisis management by the EU institutions, notably the European Central Bank, and national governments has been increasingly out of step with the EU Treaties and the natural meaning of the provisions defining the mandate of the central bank and the EU's economic policy powers. This article examines the judicial response to the euro crisis. The discussion will focus on the Pringle decision of the Court of Justice of the EU and the ESM judgment of the German Federal Constitutional Court (hereafter 'FCC'), in which both courts had to consider the compatibility of the European Stability Mechanism (hereafter 'ESM') with the EU Treaties and, in the case of the German Constitutional Court, also with the German Constitution known as the Grundgesetz. Further but less detailed consideration will be given to other decisions handed down by both courts in connection with the euro crisis since 2011. In relation to the Pringle decision, the author will summarize the key aspects of the decision and analyse the Court's legal argumentation to justify its conclusions. It is argued that the Court's general approach exhibits features which afford the Court great flexibility to take underhand account of extra-legal factors of judicial decision-making, notably political goals and institutional self-interest. In Pringle, however, the Court exploits the vagueness and norm uncertainty in its general approach to the maximum, to a point where legal reasoning no longer imposes any meaningful constraints on judicial decision-making. The author further shows that the Court of Justice's pragmatic and politically compliant response to the euro crisis is mirrored by the approach of the German Federal Constitutional Court (hereafter 'FCC') which, in its judgments on the legality of the Greek financial aid measures, the eurozone's temporary and permanent rescue funds, and the ECB's so-called Outright Monetary Transactions ('OMT') unlimited bonds buys programme effectively abandoned most central tenets of its long-established and well-considered case law on the principles governing the relationship between EU and national constitutional law and the principles of national sovereignty and the EU's supra-national authority confined by the EU Treaties.
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MKRTCHYAN, LIKA. "The Border-making Policy of the Europe-an Union: Eastern Enlargement." Journal of Education Culture and Society 3, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20122.7.18.
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Having no internal borders, what is a border for the European Union (EU)? Which cri-teria does this powerful organization pursue in its decision-making on further expansion: geographical, political, cultural, economic or all of these? What is the profi t of the Union in advancing its external borders to the east? And why to the east and not the south or west across the Atlantic? Does it still mean that there is the reason for enlarging eastward based on the geographical belonging to Europe?1.This paper discusses the expansion of the European Union to the east with the main focus on its political and economic aspects of integration. The fi rst part includes intro-duction to the concept of Europe, historic background about the formation of the united Europe in terms of geography, culture, politics and economy, juxtaposing opinions and viewpoints of different experts and political scientists on “what is Europe?” and what are the core issues of its enlargement. The second and third parts are dedicated to the advan-tages and disadvantages of European Integration for both parties concerned – the EU and the candidate/member state, in the case of the former having its own “demarcation policy” towards certain regions of the continent when it comes to unifi cation. And the fourth part is about the communication and miscommunication of the informative bodies of the Euro-pean Union that are responsible for public awareness on any process that goes on within the European family. The lack of information results in the ignorance of citizens of Euro-pean and partner countries, which, of course, refl ects on the further processes of expansion on the political level and cultural perception and mentality on the social level.The conclusion sums up the research, and the bibliography lists the books, articles, monographs and Internet sources used in the course of the study.
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Baldean, Doru, and Adela-Ioana Borzan. "Contributions on experimental research of fuel consumption and management system in K9K892 Diesel engine from Dacia-Renault." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818401018.
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The present paper develops an experimental study that highlights some aspects of fuel consumption in engine's cylinders in order to outline the influence of engine's management system and operating conditions upon economy and fuel consumption, with corresponding effect on sustainability and adequate socio-economic development. The present work makes a theoretical and applied enquiry in the system features from Euro 5 diesel engine management in relation with fuel consumption and different driving scenarios. There were closely monitored engine temperatures, driving stiles and the values displayed ON-BOARD-DIAGNOSIS screens. The importance and opportunity for experimental inquiry of the fuel consumption and economy problems in compression ignited engine resides in the state of the art equipment and managing systems available today for monitoring all the engine's activities and for making possible to outline the economical operating regime, in order to reduce undesired losses. The experimental data are analyzed in detail.
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Minovic, Jelena, and Slavica Stevanovic. "Refugee crisis challenges in Serbia." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 165 (2018): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1865131m.
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The paper analyses economic and legal aspects of the refugee crisis caused by the war in Syria. The aim of this paper is considering of the refugee crisis complexity in the Republic of Serbia. At first, our research includes the analysis of the refugee crisis in Serbia that refers to the number of refugees who expressed their intention to seek asylum in Serbia and the origin country of refugees. After that, the part of direct costs of the state are estimated as well as the total consumption of refugees during crossing Serbia in 2015. The costs in the operational plan of the Republic of Serbia Government, and the reception and asylum centres costs are identified, as well as sources of financing of direct costs. The estimated direct costs for Serbia are around 30 million Euros, and total consumption of refugees in 2015 is not less than 20 million euro. Additionally, we analysed the Asylum Act in the ex-YU countries, and determined convergence and divergence of their different acts. Our results of the Asylum Act analyses in each country confirm that refugees, asylum seekers and persons enjoying subsidiary protection have the same rights as residents in Macedonia, Serbia and Croatia. This is the major result of this paper. Anyone in Serbia or in the Balkan region did not find similar results. Consequently, the results of this paper are unique and exclusive. Therefore, these results are very important for the scientific and professional public.
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Vivel-Búa, María Milagros, and Rubén Lado-Sestayo. "Foreign exchange exposure in Latin America: evidence for Spanish firms." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 31, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 212–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-04-2017-0130.
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Objective The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Spanish business sector’s economic exposure to currency risk in Latin America between 2010 and 2016, testing the effectiveness of hedging with derivatives for the reduction of this risk. Methodology Economic exposure is tested with the Jorion model (1990) using both a currency basket and an individualised analysis for the main currencies sustaining business activities between Spain and Latin America: the Mexican peso, Brazilian real, Argentine peso, Chilean peso, and Colombian peso. For the hedging analysis, dynamic panel data models were estimated using a generalised method of moments. Results The results reveal that the number of firms with significant economic exposure is sensitive to the temporal frequency of the observations. The evidence denotes that the firms’ export profile is predominant, both when considering a basket of Latin American currencies and when individually considering the five main pairs of currencies. The only exception is the Argentine peso, where firms’ import profile is slightly higher. The Chilean peso stands out as the currency with the greatest number of firms with significant exposure. Originality This work provides unpublished evidence on economic exposure to currency risk in Latin America in a recent period characterised by two main aspects: an important devaluation of some Latin American currencies with respect to the euro; and an enhancement of Spanish business activities in the region to favour growth during the recent recession of the Spanish economy.
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Kadriu, Besa, and Blerta Arifi. "Policymaking in a Multiethnic State, the Legal Changes, Practice of Macedonia." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v8i1.p140-143.
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In contemporary terms and conditions, in addition to economic and social factors, political processes are one of the basic components of the proper functioning of a multi-ethnic state. Examples of proper practices of multiethnic states which operate in conformity with international standards, within the EU structures abound. This is in a group of countries which have previously significantly overcome the problems of transition and reform of the political system and have managed to establish standard which are inaccessible and levels of genuine democracy. The paper has aspirations to take into consideration the comparative aspects which can serve as a good example of the changes and development of the country towards Euro-Atlantic structures. That it happens with Western Balkan countries. The situation becomes even more difficult, especially in those cases where states and societies of the population is heterogeneous structure; Case of Macedonia, being convinced that has to do with a diverse population, the country still today fails to cross the barriers of the past from the old system. Institutions and decision-making bodies, now more than ever need to change policymaking process, prevention of discrimination and compliance values of the political, economic and social conformity with European standards
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Anikeeva, N. E. "The Actual Problems of Modern Spain." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(39) (December 28, 2014): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-6-39-138-143.
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The important aim of national and Spanish historiography and political science is to study history and foreign policy of modern Spain. The author studied articles and monographies of spanish politicians and researchers ( M. Rahoy, I. Aries, A. Rubalcaba, I. Molina) for the preparation of this article during the scientific trip to Madrid (Complutense University, Faculty of Political Science and Sociology), which was held in the framework of cooperation between the Bank Santander and MGIMO (University). The paper analyzes the political and economic aspects of life in Spain, and its foreign policy of the period of government of Mariano Rajoy (from 2011 to the present time). The article is dedicated to actual problems of modern Spain: the economy and the priorities of the government of M.Rajoy, the problem of separatism and political system of the country. Modern Spain is still recovering economically from the euro debt crisis and continues to struggle with near-record unemployment. Domestic economic recovery of Spain and the country's foreign position are closely linked. The European integration process still remains the main strategic task of the spanish foreign policy. Spain increases its role in world politics and obtains a non-permanent UN's Security Council seat for the 2015-2016 term.
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Kasumović, Merim, and Erna Heric. "Nominal and Real Convergence as a Determinant for Joining the European Monetary Union." ECONOMICS 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2017-0011.
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Summary The thematic framework of this work is the nominal and real convergence as a determinant for joining the European monetary union. The focus of the work is to prove that realising the criteria of the convergence affects the stability of the European monetary union, that is, that the cause of destabilisation is exactly the fact that certain member nations have not realised the assigned convergence criteria. The financial integration is an important question because it contributes to the economic growth affecting free exchange with the goal of a more efficient allocation of capital; it is the result of the economic theory and the empirical research. Introducing the Euro as a single payment method while losing the monetary sovereignty of the countries which have accepted it is the main reason for forming the European Central Bank. The mission of the European Central Bank is to define and conduct a single monetary policy within the Eurozone. Because of the already mentioned facts, the challenges of conducting the fiscal policy within the Eurozone as well as the key aspects of the monetary unification of Europe have been analysed. The results of this analysis should point out the stability of the EMU by the convergence degree of the member nations from a single monetary area.
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Kovaleva, I. V., and D. G. Galkin. "The Produce Organic Product as Strategic Elements of System Provision Security." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/2/022015.
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Abstract Food security is a strategic element of the state’s economic policy, which allows to provide quality food not only to the population of the state, but also to carry out export activities. The growing trend of demand for ecological products all over the world allows Russia to develop the production of organic and ecologically clean products, occupying a stable segment in the world market. Organic agriculture is the most popular alternative to traditional agriculture in the world; the volume of the global organic food market has been increasing annually for a long time. An analytical review of the state of the world and national markets for organic agricultural products is presented in various aspects: agricultural land area, concentration of producers, international trade. The place of Russia in the world market of organic agricultural products has been determined. The key trends, problems and prospects for the development of organic agricultural production in Russia are highlighted. The presented data demonstrate the continuation of the positive trend in demand for organic products in developed countries. The Russian market is characterized by the following: high average annual growth rates of organic lands; increasing the share of land for the production of organic agricultural products; unstable number of producers; stabilization of the volume of the internal market for organic products at the level of 120 million euro; stabilization of the export volume of organic products at the level of 4 million euro. The production of organic products is advisable in local product markets, since the production of organic products is a product with high added value, increased requirements for certification of organic products and a narrow segment of consumers.
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Prádanos, Luis I. "Toward a Euro-Mediterranean Socioenvironmental Perspective: The Case for a Spanish Ecocriticism // Hacia una perspectiva socioecológica euro-mediterránea: El ejemplo de la ecocrítica española." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2013): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2013.4.2.527.
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This essay analyzes two ecological movements that emerged and developed in Southern European Mediterranean countries (France, Italy, and Spain) during the last couple of decades. Both the de-growth and the slow movement challenge the illogical logic of constant economic growth in the context of a limited biosphere and denounce the social and ecological degradation generated by global capitalism. Both articulate a redefinition of European environmentalism by opposing the environmental thinking of strong Euro-American tradition—very rooted in the official discourse of the European Union, such as the “gospel of eco-efficiency” (Martínez Alier 31)—that try to solve the ecological problems with the same logic that causes and perpetuates them (green capitalism, sustainable development). The de-growth and the slow movement propose instead sustainable, systemic alternatives which are socially and ecologically possible. These alternatives are based on conviviality, voluntary simplicity, slowness, and the reduction of the socioeconomic metabolism. They point out the necessity of an epistemological change and question the tyranny of industrial time (to augment constantly the production and consumption pace) to conclude that we can and need to live better with less, since it is more desirable, sustainable, and just. Since the 2008 financial crisis the de-growth and slow movement are acquiring certain popularity and visibility beyond their Euro-Mediterranean context, which makes them relevant actors on the global movement for environmental justice and the critique of global capitalism. Finally, this essay explores one of the many ways in which these Euro-Mediterranean socioenvironmental insights can be translated into ecocriticism in the specific case of recent Spanish novels. In the last decade, there have been a number of Spanish novels that use complex and sophisticated narrative strategies to focus on aspects related to neoliberal globalization. While some of them perpetuate the mainstream discourse of the European Union by privileging the uncritical celebration of digital culture, progress, and globalization, others challenge this by questioning our society’s blind faith in technological progress and economic growth—such texts advocate instead for a change of logic and lifestyle. The latter narratives seem to be more in-tune with the Euro-Mediterranean socioenvironmental movements mentioned previously and are therefore able to articulate a meaningful critique of the myths of progress, development, and economic growth by exposing the ecological and social degradation that is often generated by global capitalism. On the contrary, the kind of novel that reproduces mainstream European discourse—and, more importantly, the critics that celebrate it—tends to overtly and abundantly represent digital culture while failing to acknowledge its relation to the culture of new capitalism and its environmental and social impact. Resumen El presente ensayo analiza dos movimientos de raigambre ecologista que emergen y se desarrollan en las dos últimas décadas en los países mediterráneos del sur de Europa (Francia, Italia y España). Ambos, decrecimiento y movimiento lento, cuestionan la ilógica del crecimiento económico constante en el marco de una biosfera limitada y denuncian la degradación ecológica y social generada por el capitalismo global. Tanto uno como otro suponen una redefinición del ecologismo Europeo al oponerse a ciertos ecologismos de tradición Euroamericana—muy arraigados en el discurso oficial de la Unión Europea, como el “evangelio de la ecoeficiencia” (Martínez Alier 31)—sospechosos de querer solucionar el problema ecológico con la misma lógica que lo genera y perpetúa (desarrollo sostenible, capitalismo verde). El decrecimiento y el movimiento lento, en cambio, proponen alternativas sostenibles, sistémicas y viables económica y socialmente, basadas en la convivialidad, la simplicidad voluntaria, la desaceleración, la descomplejización y la reducción del metabolismo económico y social. Abogan, entonces, por un cambio de lógica, epistemológico, y cuestionan la tiranía del tiempo industrial (aumentar constantemente la velocidad de producción y consumo) para concluir que se puede y se debe vivir mejor con menos por ser más justo, deseable y sostenible. Desde la crisis financiera del 2008 el decrecimiento y el movimiento lento están adquiriendo cierta popularidad y visibilidad más allá del ámbito euro-mediterráneo, lo que les transforma en actores relevantes en el movimiento global por la justicia ecológica y la crítica altermundista al capitalismo global. En los últimos años se están publicando numerosas novelas españolas con estructuras narrativas complejas en las que el tema de la globalización está muy presente. Algunas de estas novelas celebran la cultura digital y la globalización de manera acrítica, coincidiendo con la corriente tecnófila hegemónica del discurso oficial europeo, mientras que otras cuestionan el modelo de crecimiento económico y la aceleración industrial, siendo más afines a las nuevas tendencias socioecológicas euro-mediterráneas. Son estas últimas narraciones las que mejor articulan una crítica coherente a la degradación ecológica y social generada por el capitalismo global al deconstruir los mitos sobre crecimiento económico y progreso tecnológico. En cambio, el otro tipo de novelas suele perpetuar en su discurso la ilógica del crecimiento económico por ser incapaces de relacionar las conexiones entre la cultura digital, la degradación ecológica y la lógica del nuevo capitalismo.