Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eurasian'
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1
Mangino, Stephen George. "Eurasian crust and upper mantle structure." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627166.
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Lee, Vicky. "Hong Kong eurasian memoirs : identity and voices /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23595929.
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Privat, Karen. "Palaeoeconomy of the Eurasian steppe : biomolecular studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402783.
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Da, Silva Jack. "Ecological aspects of Eurasian badger social structure." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252789.
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Lee, Vicky, and 李美琪. "Hong Kong eurasian memoirs: identity and voices." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243289.
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Anderson, Valerie E. R. "The Eurasian problem in nineteenth century India." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13525/.
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Lyu, Peng. "Functional genomic studies of selected Eurasian frogs." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695660.
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Amphibians have existed on Earth for more than 300 million years. Most amphibians can survive in a wild range of living environments. Some of their living environments are fulfilled with pathogen microorganisms. The skin of amphibians produces a complex noxious/toxic chemical cocktail from specialised granular glands to against these microorganisms. This thesis describes several novel bioactive peptides which were identified from the skin secretions of the Chinese Bamboo odorous frog, Odorrana versabilis, the Chinese Black-spotted Pond frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus and the Eurasian edible frog, Pelophylax kl. esculentus, by using reverse phase HPLC and molecular cloning. The first discovery in this study was ornithokinin, obtained from the skin secretion of Odorrana versabilis. In addition, a novel Bowman-Birk like trypsin proteinase inhibitor peptide with strong myotropic activity, named QUB 1813, was isolated from the skin secretion of the Eurasian edible frog, Pelophylax,kl. esculentus. A novel antimicrobial peptide, esculentin-2Blm, was then isolated from the skin secretion of Pelophylax kl. esculentus. These novel antimicrobial peptides show dramatic antimicrobial activities but with associated relatively high haemolytic activities. Finally, a novel myotropic peptide, named QUB 1067, was obtained from the skin of the Chinese Black-spotted Pond frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus. QUB 1067 has a completely novel primary structure and exhibits contractile activity on isolated rat uterus smooth muscle tissues. All of these bioactive peptides were synthesised by employing PS3 solid-phase Fmoc chemistry. The synthetic replicates were used in the bioactive assays, such as antimicrobial activity assays, haemolytic assays, smooth muscle assays and trypsin inhibitory assays.
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Weyl, Philip Sebastian Richard. "Friend or foe? : Resolving the status of the submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae) in southern Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017811.
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Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae), a submerged macrophyte, has been recorded in southern Africa since 1829, but only considered problematic as recently as 2005. In light of this, water resource managers are looking to control M. spicatum in southern African water bodies where it is problematic. Amongst control options available in South Africa, biological control is potentially the most cost effective and sustainable option for M. spicatum. However, there is a debate over the status of this plant in southern Africa with several authors reporting it as a native component of the aquatic ecosystem, while others argue that it has been introduced from Europe or Asia. The aim of this thesis is to use a multifaceted approach to resolve the status of M. spicatum, by studying aspects of its history, distribution, mechanisms of its adaptations, biotic interactions and genetic relationships in southern Africa. By resolving the status of this plant as either native or exotic, appropriate management strategies can be initiated for its control in situations where it is considered a problem.A review of the evidence collected from this thesis does not provide convincing evidence for the anthropogenic introduction of M. spicatum into southern Africa, and it is probably native to the region. The disjunct distribution as well as regular local extinctions of populations is relatively common for species that are at the edge of their range. The populations in southern Africa could thus be relics from a much wider distribution in the past. The development of local adaptations in southern Africa provides evidence for this and suggests that the populations have been isolated for a substantial period of time and have had a long evolutionary history in the region. The lack of specialist herbivores should suggest that M. spicatum has been introduced, but the complete lack of herbivores, including generalists, may weaken that argument. The lack of herbivores could be a result of something inherent in the plant, irrespective of a lack of evolutionary history in the region. The genetic evidence suggests a European origin, but is characteristic of a population (southern Africa as a whole) that has been isolated for a considerable time. Despite the findings of this research, M. spicatum is considered problematic in southern Africa and warrants control in certain systems. Whether or not biological control should be a component of the management strategy is open to further debate. The benefits in a southern African context may outweigh the risks, based on the specificity of the biological control agent proposed. However, the perceived negative impacts of M. spicatum are likely to be a symptom of a more serious underlying cause, such as nutrient loading and changes in land use patterns. Therefore the control of this native species is a water resource management issue and not a biological control issue.
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Arrendal, Johanna. "Conservation Genetics of the Eurasian Otter in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7633.
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Unruh, Ana Luise. "Lead and hafnium isotopic studies of Eurasian loess." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365301.
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Fabbri, Cristina <1978>. "Molecular variability of lactase persistence in Eurasian populations." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/336/.
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Soriano, Redondo Andrea. "Reintroduction ecology of the Eurasian crane Grus grus." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28381.
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Successful conservation strategies to increase the survival prospects of a population must be accompanied by an accurate knowledge of the population dynamics. In this thesis, I examine the population dynamics of Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK and assess the impact of a reintroduction on the future population size and distribution. Additionally, I cover other aspects of crane conservation, such as public engagement in crane conservation and crane resilience to extreme weather events. To do so, I use a wide range of tools: Internet-based monitoring methods, stochastic matrix population models, point process models and GPS-accelerometer tracking devices. I show that there is a geographic gradient in interest in reintroduction projects; people living near the project area have a greater interest than people from areas further away. I also show that the UK crane population is acting as a pseudo-sink; current levels of survival and productivity allow the population’s persistence but immigration is driving population recovery. Nevertheless, the productivity of the UK population is low and measures to improve it should be implemented. The reintroduction of 90 birds in the Somerset Levels has decreased the relative importance of immigration and is likely to increase the projected population size by 50% over the next 50 years. However, the increase in population numbers will not be accompanied by a large expansion in the population range. Cranes will likely colonize large wetlands with low perimeter-to-area ratios near already occupied areas, but the reintroduction will increase the dispersal potential of the species. Finally, I find that during an extreme flooding event, crane foraging areas became limited to a small unflooded patch, but cranes coped with this event through behavioural flexibility, by increasing their foraging time. Together, these results highlight the importance of reaching a broad understanding of population dynamics in order to implement effective conservation strategies.
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Lundgren, Elizabeth Whitin. "Anomalous Eurasian snow extent and the wintertime AO." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52760.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-105).
The winter mode of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) is the dominating influence on extratropical winter climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) . The phase of the Arctic Oscillation is characterized by trends in temperature, precipitation, air pressure, and storm tracks over the North Atlantic region, and affects northeastern North America, Europe, and parts of the Mediterranean. While predictability of the AO phase would benefit socioeconomic sectors in these densely populated regions by enabling greater foreknowledge of energy demands, precipitation intensity, and storm frequency, it is currently not particularly skillful. Previous studies have demonstrated a link between autumn snow over Eurasia and the AO mode and have proposed a dynamical pathway describing the mechanism that links them. The goal of this thesis is to present new evidence of a significant relationship between anomalous snow cover and the winter AO phase. Observational evidence of a significant link between extremely high (low) October snow extent anomalies over Eurasia and the negative (positive) AO winter phase is presented. Significant positive (negative) vertical wave activity flux (WAF) anomalies in the stratosphere during December and January are shown to occur following autumns with significantly high (low) snow extent, supporting the dynamical pathway proposed in previous studies. It is concluded that a significant mean snow extent anomaly over Eurasia in October could serve as a predictor for the AO phase of the following winter.
by Elizabeth Whitin Lundgren.
S.M.
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Powell, Adele. "Origins and non-breeding ecology of Eurasian woodcock." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:215152b6-b459-4095-9739-cefd5454ef25.
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The Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola (hereon woodcock) is a wader adapted to woodland and farmland habitats. It is an important quarry species, widely hunted across Europe, but owing to its cryptic plumage and elusive nature, there exists only poor information concerning its natural history. As such, the conservation status of the woodcock remains uncertain. One area that is particularly lacking is knowledge of its ecology outside the breeding season. Generally, avian ecological studies have focused on breeding season events due to the importance of reproductive success in determining fitness. However, it is now apparent that the non-breeding season represents an equally important period of the annual cycle. For example, recent studies have shown that declines in some migratory bird populations were due to events during the non-breeding season, either during migration, or on the wintering grounds. In Britain, the non-breeding woodcock population comprises both British breeding and non-British breeding birds, yet the origins and relative distribution of these sub-populations is not fully understood. Nor is it known whether ecological differences exist between them. This thesis addresses these two aspects of woodcock biology, using stable isotope and radio-tracking methods. The former was used to assign birds to their likely origins and determine population-specific distributions across Britain. The latter was used, in conjunction with the former, to determine whether ecological differences exist between locally-breeding and non-locally breeding birds residing in Hampshire in winter. A large degree of mixing between birds from different breeding populations was apparent for woodcock residing in Britain over winter. Russia and Fennoscandia comprised the most likely origins of migratory birds and regional differences in distributions were apparent. The highest proportions of birds from Russia were found in Norfolk and Wales, whilst the highest proportions of birds from Fennoscandia were found in Scotland. The presence of non-breeding residents in Cornwall and Ireland also provided strong evidence for the short-distance, south-westerly movements of resident birds, which probably originated from Scotland. Locally, the movements and behaviour of birds were found to vary with age (adult vs. juvenile) and/or predicted migratory status (resident vs. migrant), with adult residents potentially representing the dominant group. Differences in habitat use, commuting flights, home range size and activity patterns were all apparent. As such, these findings might have important consequences for the relative survival rates and breeding success of resident and migrant woodcock. This work has provided new insights into the non-breeding ecology of woodcock in Britain and contributes significantly to European efforts to better understand this bird species. Given the importance of seasonal interactions, an understanding of events throughout the annual cycle is necessary and this can only be achieved through concerted efforts. Indeed, an integrated approach is imperative to develop the conservation plans necessary to ensure the sustainability of the woodcock.
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Soriano, Redondo Andrea. "Reintroduction ecology of the Eurasian crane Grus grus." Doctoral thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/63144.
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University of ExeterTese arquivada ao abrigo da Portaria nº 227/2017 de 25 de julho
Successful conservation strategies to increase the survival prospects of a population must be accompanied by an accurate knowledge of the population dynamics. In this thesis, I examine the population dynamics of Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK and assess the impact of a reintroduction on the future population size and distribution. Additionally, I cover other aspects of crane conservation, such as public engagement in crane conservation and crane resilience to extreme weather events. To do so, I use a wide range of tools: Internet-based monitoring methods, stochastic matrix population models, point process models and GPS-accelerometer tracking devices. I show that there is a geographic gradient in interest in reintroduction projects; people living near the project area have a greater interest than people from areas further away. I also show that the UK crane population is acting as a pseudo-sink; current levels of survival and productivity allow the population’s persistence but immigration is driving population recovery. Nevertheless, the productivity of the UK population is low and measures to improve it should be implemented. The reintroduction of 90 birds in the Somerset Levels has decreased the relative importance of immigration and is likely to increase the projected population size by 50% over the next 50 years. However, the increase in population numbers will not be accompanied by a large expansion in the population range. Cranes will likely colonize large wetlands with low perimeter-to-area ratios near already occupied areas, but the reintroduction will increase the dispersal potential of the species. Finally, I find that during an extreme flooding event, crane foraging areas became limited to a small unflooded patch, but cranes coped with this event through behavioural flexibility, by increasing their foraging time. Together, these results highlight the importance of reaching a broad understanding of population dynamics in order to implement effective conservation strategies.
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Makarenko, Kateřina. "Euroasijská hospodářská unie - potenciál vztahů s EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193390.
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Russian Federation has reconsidered its foreign policy on the European Union and is now focusing more on Eurasian integration. This step aroused various reactions in the world, especially after the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015. This work deals with the intention of the Union, examines the steps which preceded this event and the possible influence of the eurasianism on Eurasian integration. At the same time, based on the statements of both parties -- European and Eurasian -- the work analyzes potential point of possible cooperation between the European Union and the newly formed regional integration Eurasian Economic Union.
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Meirovich, Hilen. "Mass perceptions of elite democratic discourse in Eurasian countries." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4342.
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De, Fanti Sara <1983>. "Evolutionary genetics of lactase persistence in Eurasian human populations." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6555/.
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Although ability to digest lactose generally declines after weaning in all mammals, in some human populations it persists also in adult individuals, a condition named lactase persistence (LP). Studies on the prevalence of the LP phenotype in worldwide human populations have shown that the frequency of this trait is highly variable in different ethnic groups, appearing to be positively correlated with the importance of milk in the diet. In particular, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proximity of the LCT gene have been proved to be associated with LP. Nevertheless, few studies have till now analyzed genetic variation underlying LP in a wide set of Eurasian populations and, especially, in the Italian one. In the present study, we thus typed 40 SNPs surrounding the LCT gene in more than 1,000 samples from Italian and Arabic peninsulas to investigate patterns of LP-related genetic diversity in two regions which have played a pivotal role in the recent human evolutionary history according to their geographical position and historical/archaeological records. Our results underline a high and complex variability of the explored genomic region in both studied populations. In particular, a clear diversification of Northern Italian groups from the rest of the peninsula, was observed, with the formers being genetically more similar to Northern European populations than to Southern Italians. These observation are consistent with known decreasing pattern of LP from Northern to Southern Italy and suggest the possibility of an independent evolution of LP-associated genotypes in Northern Italy. A similar scenario was observed in the Arabian peninsula, with Dhofari Arabs from Southern Oman and Yemeni clustering together with respect to Arabs from Northern Oman and the subgroup of Omanis of Asian origin which appeared instead to be genetically closer to Europeans than to the rest of Arabic groups.
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Wright, Amanda. "Predicting the distribution of Eurasian badger (Meles meles) setts." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364059.
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Yelland, Andrew John. "Fission track thermotectonics of the Iberian-Eurasian plate collection." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261137.
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Mott, Christopher Douglas. "The formless empire : the evolution of indigenous Eurasian geopolitics." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5149.
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This dissertation seeks to make a unique contribution to the study of geopolitics and empire in Central Asia by focusing on both the indigenous developments of grand strategies and their legacies by examining several key points in the history of the region's geopolitics in order to determine the peculiar and specific nature of regional geopolitical evolution, and how its basic concepts can be understood using such a locally based framework. By putting the focus on several key concepts which hold steady through major societal and technological upheavals, as well as foreign incursion and both the inward and outward migrations, which together create the conditions which I have dubbed ‘The Formless Empire', it is possible to see the elements of a regional and homegrown tradition of grand strategy and geopolitical thinking which is endemic to the area of Inner Eurasia, even as this concept adapts from a totality of political policy to merely frontier and military policy over the course of time. This indigenous concept of grand strategy encompasses political, military, and diplomatic aspects utilizing the key concepts of strategic mobility, and flexible or indirect governance. These political power systems originated in their largest incarnations amongst the nomadic people of the steppe and other people commonly considered peripheral in history, but who in a Central Asian context were the original centerpieces of regional politics until technological changes led to their eclipse by the big sedentary powers such as Russia and China. However, even these well-established states took elements of ‘The Formless Empire' into their policies (if largely relegated to frontiers, the military, and a few informal relationships alone) and therefore the influence of the region's past still lingers on in different forms in the present.
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Riwoe, Mirandi J. "A nemesis in crinoline: The Eurasian courtesan as sleuth." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101160/6/Mirandi_Riwoe_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis contextualises and extends representations of the nineteenth-century fictional female detective, by way of creative practice and critical analysis. The practice led research incorporates textual analysis and reflective practice in order to triangulate neo-Victorian studies, crime fiction and the figure of Eurasian courtesan. The research findings not only disrupt depictions of the 'sinister Oriental', but also reveal that it was possible for certain working class women, sex-workers included, to have the necessary agency to detect in the Victorian period. In re-imagining the nineteenth-century Eurasian courtesan in Playing Devil's Delight the project adopts a creative writing approach to neo-Victorian studies.
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Baxter, Alistair. "Understanding the factors associated with declines of an alpine specialist bird species in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231634.
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As we have become increasingly aware of the rapidity of climate change in high elevation and high latitude environments, conservation concern has grown for arctic-alpine species. This thesis capitalises on the rare availability of detailed data from intensive site monitoring and Scotland-wide surveys conducted over five decades and supplements this with new data to investigate the potential factors driving declines of Dotterel (Charadrius morinellus), an enigmatic arctic-alpine specialist bird species in decline. In accordance with expectations of predictions of climate warming, Dotterel shifted uphill in their distribution and contracted their breeding range within Scotland to their historic core. Dotterel were less likely to be retained at survey sites at low elevations, with a narrow elevational range, where nitrogen deposition was high, where vegetation was tall and dominated by graminoids, and where Ravens were present. Data also suggested that snow lie patterns affected Dotterel distribution between sites, with abundance being substantially greater at generally snow rich sites when these were relatively snow-free (possibly due to the physical restrictions to breeding that snow lie imposes). Despite an increased presence of Ravens in the alpine zone, dramatic declines in the abundance of Tipula montana (a previously important prey resource) at many lower elevation sites and shifts to breeding earlier, we detected little substantial change in breeding success between 1987 and 2011. Despite identifying numerous mechanisms through which environmental change may have acted on Dotterel we found little quantitative evidence for climatic changes to have driven Dotterel abundance declines, suggesting factors elsewhere in the species distribution are worthy of investigation as driving changes within Scotland. This thesis contributes valuable knowledge that can be used to help increase the resilience of arctic-alpine species to environmental change and highlights the pressing need for an integrated, international approach to monitoring and research to contextualise regional changes in abundance.
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Ruff, Katrin A. "Nutritional and energetic studies on captive Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985957883.
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Campbell, Ruairidh D. "Demography and life history of the Eurasian beaver castor fiber." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670008.
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Long-term studies of animal life histories and demography have been key in advancing our understanding of the processed that shape behaviour and population dynamics of species. The Eurasian beaver Castor fiber is a good species in which to study these processes, as it is long-lived, social and territorial. The species is also important to general conservation biology due to its key stone effects on wetland and riparian habitat. In this thesis, I use a 12 year capture-mark-recapture program on a beaver population in Telemark, southern Norway, in conjunction with behavioural, habitat and climate observations to examine life history strategies, demography and territoriality. I examined growth rates of juveniles and showed, for the first time, that beavers exhibit compensatory growth for body size. Juvenile beavers that were smaller than same-age peers managed to narrow the gap in size by trading-off gain in body condition against gain in size. Examining the effects of body size and condition on survival and dominance, I find for the first time evidence that larger, though not heavier for their size, individuals are more likely to obtain dominant breeding positions. Medium size individuals and those with medium body condition suffer less mortality. The largest of the medium sized animals go on to obtain breeding positions within the population. Thus compensatory size growth in beavers has evolved because selection acts through dominance to increase size, but this size increase is stabilised through selection on survival. Examining the effects of age on fecundity I show, for the first time, that after an initial increase to 4 – 6 years (minimum age), beavers exhibit reproductive senescence. I also show for the first time that, apart from exhibiting higher fecundity, females in higher quality territories begin reproductive senescence later. I argue that this supports the disposable soma hypothesis of senescence and not the antagonistic genetic pleiotropy hypothesis. I furthermore examine trade-offs in offspring quantity versus quality and show that this trade-off only exists in younger (<7 years minimum age) mothers, indicating support for both the experience and the terminal investment hypotheses. Investigating the effects of weather on body weight and fecundity I show that that rainfall negatively affected both fecundity and body weight. Examine tree growth-rings, I was able to establish that close to water level (<0.5m) high rainfall suppresses tree growth. Thus higher rainfall can reduce forage availability near water. I also found that cold winters reduced the body weight in young (<2 year old) beavers and rapid phenological advancement associated with warm spring temperatures reduced adult body weight, confirming previous studies on other species. Exploring the effects of weather variability on recruitment and survival, I show that high seasonal amplitude in air temperature and low short-term temperature variability led to an increase in recruitment and low variability in rainfall combined with low short-term temperature variability increased survival. Overall, weather variability may have a greater influence on vital rates in this beaver population than absolute weather conditions. Investigating territoriality and the propensity of offspring to remain within the natal group, I show that a repacking of territories due to mortality and group fission has reduced a previous imbalance in territory quality. After repacking, territories were more clearly configured around the dispersion of resources. Philopatric tendencies are greater in territories with more resources but their presence results in greater resource depletion.
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Adam, Jennifer C. "Understanding the causes of streamflow changes in the Eurasian Arctic /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10135.
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George, S. C. "Stress, energetics and disease in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557418.
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The Eurasian badger is a wildlife reservoir of bovine tubersculosis (bTB) in the UK and Ireland. Many aspects of badger behaviour, ecology and disease dynamics are well understood. However, data for Northern Ireland are scarce and knowledge of their physiology is almost non-existent. This thesis aimed to determine the prevalence of bTB in badger groups in Northern Ireland and use a multi-disciplinary approach to investigate badger physiology, epidemiology and ecology, as well as how these factors interact with each other. A 75% increase in group size of grassland groups was recorded in the current study. Group composition changed, with a greater number of animals under three years of age than in previous studies in Northern Ireland. Significant differences were recorded between woodland and grassland groups with regard to body mass and there was a strong seasonal pattern in body mass and body condition in both habitat types. 88% of badgers tested showed no signs of prior exposure to bTB, 7% had been exposed, 5% were excreting and 2% were super excreters. 3 of culture positive badgers were infected with the most common strain found in cattle in the same area. The remaining culture positive badger was infected with a rare strain, confirmed in only six cattle herds and geographically isolated to an area within approximately 10km of the badger sett. Badger faecal cortisol levels were related to body mass and body condition in both males and females and displayed seasonal variation. Faecal cortisol levels were not significantly different between sero-positive and sero-negative \ animals but culture positive animals had elevated faecal cortisol. Badger RMR was 1234kJ/day. Activity is, on average, 30% lower on the first day post-release. Acceleration data offer the meansto calculate a correction factor for doubly lebelled water data. '. 'f,'~'.
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Lamakin, Mikhail. "Synoptic climatology of aerosol optical depth in the Eurasian Arctic." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414600.
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Sherrard-Smith, Eleanor. "Macroparasites of the Eurasian otter : distributions, life-cycles and population dynamics." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/48854/.
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Potential alterations of host and parasite ranges are likely with climate change so an understanding of the host traits and ecological factors that can influence host-parasite interactions is vital for the effective protection of ecosystems. Accidental introductions of non-native species can place elevated stress on native ecosystems so that the examination of key species can act as early warning systems. The Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra¸ is a top predator and sentinel species for the health of European freshwater ecosystems and is therefore a suitable model for exploring parasite fauna introductions. In this PhD, the patterns and processes that define macro-parasitic infections were explored using evidence from post-mortems of 587 otters. Specifically, the invasive status of two helminths (Pseudamphistomum truncatum and Metorchis albidus: Trematoda; Opisthorchiidae) was investigated, both species having been identified in the UK otter populations for the first time within the last 10 years. Genetic variation, however, was similar across Europe indicating neither helminth is likely to have been a recent introduction to the UK., The distribution of both helminths as well as the only ectoparasite, Ixodes hexagonus (Arthropoda; Ixodidae), recovered from UK otters, were associated with abiotic factors, particularly temperature. The complexity of the parasite life cycles was investigated; otters act as a definitive host for both helminth species considered in this thesis and early stage intermediate hosts were identified for P. truncatum as the snail Radix balthica and the roach Rutilus rutilus. Metacercariae of M. ablidus were detected on chub (Leuciscus cephalus), rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) and roach. Parasite aggregation and parasite fecundity of the P. truncatum populations were influenced by abiotic factors, region and season, whilst P. truncatum abundance was defined better by the biotic factors host age-class and condition demonstrating how multiple factors combine to produce parasite population dynamics in wild fauna. Ultimately, the data collated throughout this PhD was used to parameterise a susceptible-infected Susceptible-Infected (SI) model describing the host population dynamics of opisthorchiid trematodes. This model is applied to the P. truncatum system to examine which factors might determine the proportion of hosts that become infected.
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Hetherington, David Andrew. "The feasibility of reintroducing the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx to Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424959.
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This study investigates the feasibility of reintroducing the Eurasian lynx to Scotland by examining the history of the species in Britain, and by determining if there is sufficient habitat and prey for a viable population. Modern Scotland witnessed large-scale reafforestation during the 20th century, and many regions are now relatively well wooded. Deer populations have also grown considerably and deer now inhabit all parts of the Scottish mainland. Most sheep are no longer grazed in woodland, thus considerably reducing scope for lynx depredation on livestock. Furthermore, human attitudes towards the environment, wildlife and predators, are generally much more positive now than in previous centuries. A rule-based GIS analysis identified two large networks of habitat patches: one in the Highlands, and one in the Southern Uplands. Currently, the level of connectivity between the two networks is weak. By examining the relationship between lynx and wild ungulate densities in parts of Europe, it was predicted from the average deer biomass in the two networks, that the Highlands habitat network could support around 400 lynx, and the Southern Uplands, around 50 lynx. A Population Viability Analysis using the Leslie matrix-based software package RAMAS/age suggested that a lynx population living at a carrying capacity of 400 would be viable in the long term. However, a lynx population at a carrying capacity of 50 would be too small to be viable in isolation. Movement corridors between the Highlands and the Southern Uplands, which run through benign habitats and avoid significant barriers, are therefore essential for the long-term viability of a Southern Uplands lynx population. Despite their long absence, the reintroduction of lynx to Scotland is biologically feasible.
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Morgan, Cara Ann. "Studies on a reinforced population of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra)." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288807.
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Owens, Ian Peter Farrar. "Sexual selection in the sex-role reversed Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34187.
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Current theory concerning the evolution of parental care posits that one or both of the sexes may reduce parental care when the fitness gained from alternative reproductive opportunities exceeds that from continuing with parental care. If this situation leads to a difference between the sexes in potential rate of reproduction, intra-sexual competition for mates will occur in the sex with the higher potential reproductive rate, and the other sex will display mate choice (called inter-sexual selection). In the majority of avian species biparental care is the most common form of parental care. Polygyny is the most common consequence of polygamy; males compete for access to females and females exercise mate choice. Sex-role reversal is rare (ca. 3% of species in the world) but presents an opportunity to test the basis of theories of the evolution of parental care and sexual selection. This thesis presents the results of a three-year study of sexual selection and sex-role reversal in a breeding population of the Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus, in the Cairngorm region of Scotland. In this species, the female is the competitive sex and the male usually provides all of the parental care; females are sequentially polyandrous. Dotterel are dependent on a widely dispersed breeding habitat. Rather than defending territories, females compete for access to males on mating arenas (Chapter 2). After producing a clutch, females return to the arenas in order to compete for further males, this leads to a female-biased skew in the operational sex ratio (Chapter 3). The proximate factors which produces the skew in the sex ratio predict the temporal variation in the potential for sexual selection (Chapter 3). There is considerable intra-sexual plumage variation which is correlated with behavioural variability (Chapter 4). Bright females are more aggressive than dull females and thus initiate and win more fights (Chapter 4). Bright females also perform more courtship than do dull females and therefore get mates earlier in the season, as, via assortative mating, do bright males (Chapter 4). Females are, however, also the more choosy sex; females prefer to court bright males which are, in turn, likely to be in better physical condition than duller males (Chapter 4). Bright males are less likely to desert the clutch in bad weather conditions (Chapter 5). Females therefore appear to choose males on the basis of their ability to incubate their clutch. Male dotterel, because of their high level of parental care and relatively low potential rate of reproduction, are expected to exhibit behaviour which has been selected to protect their paternity. This prediction is upheld; male dotterel assure paternity of the brood for which they care through a combined strategy of prolonged, close mate-guarding and strategically timing copulations to the few days immediately before egg-laying (Chapter 6). Active female choice for male quality related to phenotypic traits which are also influenced by the environment is contrary to the predictions of the conventional theory of mate choice. In sex-role reversed species, because the potential reproductive rate of the male is lower, male choice is expected. A new model of mate choice is introduced and used to study the effects of differences between the sexes in both the relative potential reproductive rate and relative variation in mate quality (Chapter 7). This model is successful in predicting the form of mate choice observed for all permutations of variation in potential reproductive rate and mate quality. Finally, sex-role reversed mating arenas are compared with polygynous lekking (Chapters 3,4,7). Constraints on the potential reproductive rate of females determine that the direction of mate choice will only rarely be reversed in non-territorial sex-role reversed species (Chapter 7). Therefore, although the mating arenas of dotterel resemble leks, an important component of true lekking, active mate choice by the non-competitive sex, is absent.
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Ylva, Karlberg. "The influence of northern pike on the diet of Eurasian perch." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137832.
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Top predators in aquatic ecosystems often have strong top-down effects on the ecosystem. Northern pike (Esox lucius) has been documented to cause whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) populations to diverge into different ecomorphs. This can facilitate piscivory in other predators as a novel resource becomes available to them in the form of dwarf whitefish. The aim of this study is to examine whether the presence of pike causes Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) to shift their diet from insectivory to piscivory, and whether this is directly driven by whitefish polymorphism. Stomach contents of 147 perch from lakes with and without pikes were analyzed. The results show that the presence of pike has a clear influence on the diet of the perch. In lakes without pike, perch are mostly insectivorous, and in lakes with pike, they are mostly piscivorous. This diet shift appears to be driven by whitefish availability, as a majority of the diet of perch in pike lakes consisted of whitefish, while none of the fish eaten by perch in non-pike lakes was whitefish. In addition, the results showed that perch undergo the diet shift from insectivory to piscivory at a smaller size when coexisting with pike. This study can be added to the growing body of evidence for the ecological significance of pike.
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Ikonnikova, Svetlana. "Multilateral bargaining and strategic investments in the Eurasian gas supply network." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15766.
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Diese Arbeit besteht aus drei zusammengehörigen Essays, die eine theoretische Grundlage für Untersuchungen multilateraler Verhandlungen und strategischer Investitionen in drei unterschiedlichen Umgebungen liefert. Die vorgestellten Methoden werden angewandt um Entwicklungen in der eurasischen Gasversorgung zu analysieren. Der erste analytische Teil befasst sich mit multilateralen Verhandlungen zwischen Russland und den Transitstaaten für sein Gas, namentlich: Ukraine, Weißrussland und Polen. Es wird angenommen dass die beteiligten Länder heterogen sind und dass einige von ihnen nicht die Fähigkeit besitzen langfristige Zusagen zu machen. Wir wenden ein zweistufiges spieltheoretisches Konzept an um Verzerrungen in Investitionen in das Pipeline System, welches russisches Gas nach Westeuropa transportiert, zu analysieren. Unsere qualitative und quantitative Analyse liefert eine strategische Begründung für den Überschuss an gebauten Kapazitäten und erklärt Überinvestitionen in einige Teilstrecken und Unterinvestitionen in andere als ein Versuch ein Kräftegleichgewicht zu erzeugen. Der zweite Teil beschäftigt sich mit multilateralen Verhandlungen und der Etablierung von Bündnissen in der Gegenwart von externen Effekten. Wir untersuchen ob das Szenario zweier konkurrierender Versorgungsketten, nämlich der russischen und der kaspischen, wahrscheinlich ist oder ob sich eher ein Monopol in der Versorgung herausbildet. Im Besonderen gehen wir auf die Fragestellung ein, wie die Verhandlungsmacht der Beteiligten in diesem Netzwerk von der Struktur des bestehenden Netzwerks und seiner möglichen Änderungen abhängt. Wir zeigen auf, warum die Spieler im Gleichgewicht eine große Koalition bilden. Die dritte Studie richtet sich auf die Formation von Koalitionen in einem Umfeld mit verzögerten externen Effekten. Indem wir ein zweistufiges Spiel benutzen, untersuchen wir, wie die Unfähigkeit der Spieler zu einem langfristigen geteilten Gewinn beizutragen zu strategischen Verzerrungen in Investitionen führen kann. Wir finden heraus, dass Unter- und Überinvestitionen in der Zukunft wahrscheinlich sind, wenn die Spieler nicht in der Lage sein werden langfristige Beziehungen miteinander einzugehen.This thesis consists of three related essays, which develop the framework to study multilateral bargaining and strategic investments under three different environments. The introduced novel methodologies are applied to analyze developments in the Eurasian gas supply chain. The first analytical part of the thesis concerns multilateral bargaining Russia and transiters for its gas, Ukraine, Belarus, and Poland. The players are assumed to be heterogeneous, some lacking the ability to make long--term commitments. We apply a two stage game to analyze distortions of investments into the pipeline system supplying Russian natural gas to Western Europe. Our qualitative and quantitative analysis provides a strategic rational behind excess capacities, which were built, and explains overinvestment on some tracks and underinvestment on others as an attempt to create countervailing power. The second part of the thesis deals with multilateral bargaining and coalition formation issues in the presence of externalities. We study whether two competing supply chains, Russian vs. Caspian, are likely to be formed or monopoly supply will be organized. We quantify the strategic value of different investment options. In particular, we examine how the bargaining power of the network players depends on the architecture of the existing network and its possible extensions. We show why the players form a grand coalition in equilibrium. The third study focuses on coalition formation and bargaining in the environment with externalities under the hold-up. Using a two stage game we study how the inability of players to commit to long-term profit sharing may lead to strategic distortions in investments. We find that underinvestment and overinvestment are likely to happen in the future, if the players will not be able to build stable long-term relation. The main contribution of the work is in developing a new methodology to study multilateral bargaining and strategic investment problems and in confronting the theory with the real world experience.
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Garcia, Zenel. "China's Eurasian Foreign Policy: Region-Building Through State-Building Since 1991." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3750.
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Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, its leaders have been preoccupied with efforts to increase state capacity in order to exercise more effective control over their western frontier by controlling their minority population and generating the conditions for economic development in the area. Although these state-building initiatives have always incorporated an international component, the collapse of the USSR, the transnational characteristics of development, and China’s concern around the challenges of terrorism, separatism, and extremism have necessitated an accompanying region-building project in Eurasia. Using a synthesis of the region-building approach and the concept of regionalization, this study traces how Chinese domestic elite-led narratives about security and development generate domestic state-building initiatives which in turn produce region-building projects. Furthermore, this study assesses how region-building projects are promoted through narratives embedded in foreign policies that establish the historicity of China’s engagement in Eurasian affairs and norms of non-interference and co-development. Finally, it traces the empirical construction of regions through integrative infrastructure.
By revealing the three symbiotic phases of Chinese domestic state-building and region-building, this study demonstrates how region-building projects have facilitated China’s ability to increase state capacity, control, and development in its western frontier. Furthermore, China’s region-building projects have gradually transformed Eurasia in a manner that has resulted in its eastward orientation through the usage of connective infrastructure and co-development projects that place China at the center of Eurasia. This project demonstrates how China has emerged as a dominant power in Eurasian affairs that not only exercises significant political and economic power, but more importantly, ideational power.
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Barrett, Michelle Anne. "‘Eurasian’: Negotiating a postcolonial identity in everyday life in multicultural Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/825.
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This thesis interrogates the ambiguous and complex understandings surrounding the term ‘Eurasian’, which has emerged in Australia as a political, cultural and social reality from the neighbouring South and Southeast Asian region. Participants’ narratives of migration and identity were examined in order to gain insight into how this particular ‘mixed race’ identity is understood and negotiated in everyday life, and how migration processes which include recreating senses of ‘home’ and belonging, have impacted on these understandings.
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Federspiel, Ira Gil. "Sociality, social learning and individual differences in rooks, jackdaws and Eurasian jays." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226742.
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Social intelligence is thought to have evolved as an adaptation to the complex situations group-living animals encounter in their daily lives. High levels of sociality provide individuals with opportunities to learn from one another. Social learning provides individuals with a relatively cheap and quick alternative to individual learning. This thesis investigated social learning in three corvid species: gregarious rooks (Corvus frugilegus) and jackdaws (Corvus monedula) and nongregarious, territorial Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius). In addition to that, the species' social structure was analysed and individual differences between members of each species were determined. Introducing the field of social learning research, I presented a new framework for investigating social learning, combining ecology, ethology and evolution. Experiments were conducted within that framework. I found that rooks and jackdaws develop social bonds and dominance hierarchies, whereas Eurasian jays do not. This is most likely related to their territoriality. In two experiments using two-action tasks, jackdaws learned socially. The underlying social learning mechanism was enhancement, which fits in with their feeding ecology. Rooks did not show social learning when presented with videos of conspecifics opening an apparatus. This might have been due to the difficulty of transferring information from videos or due to an ingrained 'affinity' to innovation and/or rapid trial-and-error learning overriding social learning processes. Individual differences along the bold/shy axis existed in all three species, but they were not stable across contexts. Thus, it seemed that the individuals perceived the two seemingly similar contexts that were designed to investigate neophobia and exploration (novel object in familiar environment; novel environment) as two different situations. The information may therefore have been processed by two distinct underlying mechanisms, which elicited different responses in each of the contexts. The implications of the findings of this thesis are discussed with regard to the new framework, integrating sociality, social learning and individual differences with the species' ecology.
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Kaparulina, E. (Ekaterina). "Eurasian Arctic ice sheets in transitions:consequences for climate, environment and ocean circulation." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217765.
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Abstract In this Ph.D. thesis sediment cores from the central Arctic Ocean, southwestern Barents Sea and sediment exposures from the Kola Peninsula were investigated in order to reveal interactions between the late middle Pleistocene and late Pleistocene Arctic ice sheets, between Marine Isotope Stages 6 and 1 (MIS 6 and MIS 1). One of the main objectives of this work is to establish provenance areas for the sediments studied in the central Arctic, the southwestern (SW) Barents Sea and the Kola Peninsula, their transport mechanisms and through that their relationship to glaciations in the Arctic and to development in the Kola Peninsula during the late middle and late Pleistocene. Mineralogical and geochemical data from the core 96/12-1pc on the Lomonosov Ridge, central Arctic Ocean was studied to evaluate ice transport from circum-Arctic ice sheets and variability in sediment drainage systems associated with their decay. SW Barents Sea sediments contain important information on Late Glacial and Holocene sediment provenance characteristics in relation to ice flow patterns and ice rafting from different regional sectors. The studied SW Barents Sea sediment cores show that sediments were most likely derived from a combination of far-field Fennoscandian sources, local subcropping Mesozoic strata below the seafloor and sea ice transport. The investigation carried out on the Kola Peninsula indicates that the Eemian (MIS 5e) marine environment in the White Sea Basin and onshore coastal areas gradually changed into a glaciolacustrine environment during MIS 5d to MIS 5a. Subsequently, the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) covered the Kola Peninsula, most probably during MIS 4. The final deglaciation of the SIS on the Kola Peninsula took place, however, during the late Weichselian (MIS 2) between 16–12 kaTiivistelmä Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa tutkittiin sedimenttikairanäytteitä keskeiseltä Jäämereltä ja Lounais-Barentsinmereltä sekä tarkasteltiin sedimenttiseurantoja Kuolan niemimaalla tarkoituksena selvittää myöhäisen keskipleistoseeni- ja myöhäispleistoseeniajan Arktisten jääkenttien keskinäiset vuorovaikutukset erityisesti merellisten isotooppivaiheiden 6 ja 1 (MIS 6 ja MIS 1) välillä. Tämän työn yhtenä päätavoitteena on määritellä sedimenttien lähdealueet keskeisellä Arktiksella, lounaisella Barentsinmerellä ja Kuolan niemimaalla, sedimenttien kuljetusmekanismit ja näiden perusteella riippuvuudet Arktisiin jäätiköihin ja Kuolan niemimaalla tapahtuneeseen myöhäiskeski- ja myöhäispleistoseenin kehitykseen. Mineraloginen ja geokemiallinen tieto Lomonosovin harjanteen kairauksesta 96/12-1pc, keskeisellä Jäämerellä on perusta arvioitaessa jääkuljetusmekanismeja ympäröiviltä sirkum-Arktisilta jäätiköiltä ja arvioitaessa valuma-alueiden osuutta suhteessa näiden jäätiköiden häviämiseen. Lounaisen Barentsinmeren sedimentit sisältävät tärkeätä tietoja viimeisen jäätiköitymisen loppuvaiheen ja holoseeni-ajan sedimenttien lähdealueista ja suhteista jäävirtauksiin ja jääkuljetukseen eri aluesektoreilta. Tutkitut Lounais-Barentsinmeren sedimentit osoittavat, että sedimentit olivat todennäköisimmin peräisin suhteellisen kaukaisilta Fennoscandian lähdealueilta, paikallisista mesotsoosista merenpohjan kerrostumista ja merijään kuljettamasta materiaalista. Kuolan niemimaalla tehty tutkimus osoittaa, että Eem-kauden (MIS 5e) meriympäristö Vienanmeren altaassa ja rannikkoalueilla vähitellen muuttui glaciolakustriseksi ympäristöksi MIS 5d:n ja MIS 5a:n välisenä aikana. Sen jälkeen Skandinavian jääkenttä (SIS) peitti Kuolan niemimaan, todennäköisimmin koko MIS:n 4 ajanjakson. SIS:n lopullinen deglasiaatio alkoi Kuolan niemimaalla kuitenkin myöhäisen Veiksel-jääkauden (MIS 2) aikana noin 16–12 ka sitten
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Aituar, Azat. "The impact of the Eurasian Customs Union on the economy of Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68181/.
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The dissertation investigates the effect of changes in trade policy in Kazakhstan due to establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). The study provides new evidence on the effects of Customs Union (CU) on its members. EEU started as Customs Union between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus which was established in 2010. Customs union became EEU in January 2012, when new international agreements, which allowed free movement of capital and work force between three countries, were put into force. Armenia and Kyrgyzstan joined EEU in 2015. According to theory, the main consequences of entry to the CU are an increase in tariff barriers and a decrease of non-tariff barriers between countries of the CU. The decrease of non-tariff barriers between countries of the CU might lead to trade creation between CU members, and could make Kazakhstan’s market more attractive for FDI inflows. The increase in the common external tariffs (CET) with non-members of CU might lead to trade diversion with suppliers outside the CU; however, it might also lead to investment creation of horizontal FDI as it might motivate firms that supplied market through export to “jump” the high CET through establishing production in the host country. Sanction wars of one of the member of the CU could either increase the trade between neighbours and sanctioning countries, (trade might fall due to the increase transportation costs), or trade might increase as neighbour of sanctioned country may become a transport hub of supplies to target country for products banned by sending countries. The dissertation focuses on applying econometric methods to analyse the effect of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) on the economy of Kazakhstan. In the empirical work, time series and panel data techniques are used. The results suggest that the increase of tariff rates after the establishment of EEU decreases imports to Kazakhstan from non-EEU countries and attract FDI inflows in non-extractive industries; and that decrease of non-tariff barriers between EEU countries does not make Kazakhstan’s market more attractive for FDI inflows, but increases exports from Kazakhstan to other ECU countries. In addition, sanction wars between Russian and Western countries moderately affected imports to Kazakhstan from Western countries.
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Kostka, Berit Isabel. "Landscape ecology, diet composition and energetics of the Eurasian badger (Meles meles)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579755.
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In the British Isles, the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is implicated in the transmission of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) to cattle. Growing concern about the efficacy of disease control measures has necessitated the need for more data on the species' ecology in a range of habitats, as variations in habitat use of badgers in heterogeneous landscapes may have implications for the management of the species as well as bTB. This study used a range of ecological technologies to investigate the variation of badger social group size, diet composition and individual foraging strategies throughout major habitat categories of Northern Ireland, and assessed how underlying physiological determinants of badger behaviour vary under the influence of environmental, life- history and disease effects. Badger social groups were overall smaller in landscape dominated by improved pasture and larger in areas with less 'suitable' habitat, although within habitat categories, there was considerable variation in social group size. Diet of badgers was mainly composed of vertebrates and earthworms, but particularly in upland areas was also supplemented with plant material. Some degree of specialisation on specific food items was detected throughout whole social groups located in 'prime' badger habitat, whereas badgers inhabiting less favourable habitat seemed to adopt unique foraging strategies within the same group. Investigations into the energy requirements of badgers revealed energetic benefits for badgers that were part of larger social groups compared to badgers that lived in smaller social groups. The high ecological plasticity of badgers throughout the landscape detected in this study largely stands in contrast to findings available from areas in Great Britain. Therefore, further knowledge on badger population structure and habitat use is required particularly for areas reflecting the majority of the landscape in the British Isles as well as at specific localities for an area-specific risk assessment for the transmission of bTB.
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Holt, Sue E. "Uniparental incubation in a cool climate : behavioural adaptations in the Eurasian dotterel." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3248.
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Energetic constraint during reproduction may limit the number or quality of young that a parent can produce per breeding attempt or the parent's longevity or future productivity, ultimately constraining lifetime reproductive success. The Eurasian dotterel Charadrius morinellus experienced energetic constraint during the Incubation period. Dotterel breed in the cold arctic-alpine zone and most breeding attempts are cared for by the male alone. The combination of a cold climate, giving high energetic costs of incubation and thermoregulation, and restricted foraging time due to uniparental Incubation, resulted in non-adaptive mass loss and constrained Investment of time and energy In incubation. If the incubation period is potentially energetically constrained, then behavioural mechanisms that reduce energetic costs could increase the production of young. When more energetically constrained, dotterel reduced the energetic cost of incubation by scheduling trips in conditions when the unattended eggs would have cooled more slowly and by making fewer, but longer trips. When suffering severe energetic constraint, some dotterel neglected their eggs for many hours: dotterel embryos' high chilling tolerance may have been necessary for successful uniparental incubation In a cold and unpredictable environment. Dotterel selected nest sites that allowed them to build larger nests with larger linings. Larger, better insulated nests probably decreased heat loss from the eggs and sitting parents, so reducing energetic costs during incubation. Sitting dotterel oriented into the wind, which probably reduced the disruption of their plumage and minimised their energetic expenditure on thermoregulation. In cooler conditions, dotterel changed their nest defence strategy and used energetically cheaper but probably riskier responses to simulated predators. Behaviours may be shaped under conflicting selective pressures and dotterel's management of their high energetic costs during the incubation period was constrained by egg-predation: dotterel's incubation scheduling appeared to be influenced by diurnal variation in the risk of predation and dotterel's nest defence behaviour traded-off energetic costs and the risk of predation. I declare that this thesis has been composed by myself and that it embodies the results of my own research. Where appropriate, I have acknowledged the nature and extent of work carried out in collaboration with others. This thesis presents data collected by myself over 2,212h spent in the alpine study areas from 288 days during my PhD field seasons in 1996,1997 and 1998. I also analyse some of Scottish Natural Heritage's dataset on dotterel biology collected between 1987 and 1999 by a team of fieldworkers, including myself (in Chapters 2,7 and 8).
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Saito, Kazuyuki 1967. "Linkages between Eurasian snow cover and Northern Hemisphere winter-time climate variability." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57861.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112).
Recently it has been shown that the Eurasian snow cover in the prior autumn (ESCSON) and the leading mode variability in the wintertime extratropical Northern Hemisphere (NH) atmospheric circulation have significant correlation. In this study, a linkage between the ESCSON and the following wintertime NH climate variability was investigated. Satellite data from the NOAA is used for snow cover, and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data are used for climate variables. The high latitudes sea-level pressure is quality-controlled by use of the IABP sea-level pressure dataset, which is derived from the buoy observations. Interannual variability of and association between ESCSON and winter climate variables were surveyed by use of linear statistical analysis techniques; Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, and correlation/regression analysis. The gravity current by the expansion of the cold, dense air over Siberia north- and westward remained one among the several possible mechanisms. The upper air mechanism may be active to connect the ESCSON and the leading mode of DJF surface pressure variability. It is also suggested that the DJF sea-level pressure variations associated with the ESCSON is considerably confined to the Atlantic side, and has only limited association with the linear trend and the Pacific side variations. Future work may include reexamination of the results using the possible, longer data of the observation. The mechanism connecting the ESCSON anomalies and the upper level circulation anomaly should be investigated further, for which one possible approach is analysis of the wave activity and energy propagation in the troposphere and stratosphere.
by Kazuyuki Saito.
S.M.
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Hou, Xiaojuan. "Identification and molecular cloning of skin secretion peptides from selected Eurasian amphibians." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680080.
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The skin secretions of amphibians are used as a chemical defence mechanism as protection against predators within their natural environments. Among the classes of compounds contained within the secretions, peptides with diverse bioactivities, such as antimicrobial and pharmacological, are generally the most abundant. Such peptides may have therapeutic potential. In particular, the antimicrobial peptides have their own advantages, when compared with conventional clinical antibiotics. Many scientists have thus been studying the biologically-active peptides of amphibian skin and attempting to assess them as candidates for future therapeutic drugs. This thesis describes analyses performed on bioactive peptides from the skins of bombinid toads and ranid frogs. However, as the skin secretions of amphibians are complex mixtures of compounds, the identification of single active compounds in the past years was complicated and the outputs were consequently of a relatively low order. In recent years, advances in detection and analytical techniques have greatly aided in the identification of single active novel compounds from such skin secretions. In this thesis, several antimicrobial peptides and one pharmacological peptide were identified from the selected amphibian species. These isolated novel peptides demonstrate that the skins/skin secretions of amphibians continue to represent a rich source of natural peptides with varied structures and distinct bioactivities.
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Sandberg, Linda. "Movement of the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) : Individual responses to abiotic factors." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172751.
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Movement increases the probability for an individual to find food resources, but also increase the metabolic costs and exposure to predators. Hence, swimming behavior of fish is strongly coupled to fitness. Even though swimming activity has been studied in numerous laboratory settings, less is known about in situ activity and its dependence on abiotic factors (temperature, light conditions and barometric pressure). In this study I hypothesized that the activity increases with 1) increasing temperature and decrease with 2) barometric pressure variability and 3) average light conditions (h/day). In order to test the universality of the three hypotheses I also searched for size dependent effects. Fish activity (km/day) was measured in three lakes on individual fish (N=14-21 per lake) using acoustic telemetry providing tracking of fish at a time resolution from seconds to hours. A positive correlation between temperature and swimming activity in line with my first hypothesis was only observed in one of the lakes. The activity decreased with increased variability in barometric pressure in two of the lakes, a finding supporting my second hypothesis. Meanwhile increased light conditions (h/day) decreased activity in one of the lakes, as predicted by my third hypothesis. Nevertheless, none of my hypotheses were valid in all three of the lakes and perch reacted differently to the abiotic factors. One of the possible explanations for this is the importance of size differences as I noticed that the swimming activity differed between bigger and smaller individuals. My findings suggest that not only the temperature, barometric pressure and light conditions alone predict the activity in perch, but also the fish individual size, predation and the metabolic costs linked to thermoregulation.
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Haugh, Alexandra M. "Indigenous political culture and Eurasian empire : Russia in Siberia in the seventeenth century /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Mills, Megan Stuart. "Ethnic myth and ethnic survival, the case of India's Anglo-Indian (Eurasian) minority." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0019/NQ27307.pdf.
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Heibo, Erik. "Life-history variation and age at maturity in Eurasian Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) /." Umeå : Dept. of Aquaculture, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s290.pdf.
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Pout, Alastair. "Modelling the movements of the Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus from radio-tracking data." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430054.
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This thesis explores ways of modelling of animal movement that are applicable to empirical data, using the Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus as the model species. Radio-tracking data on sparrowhawks were gathered during the breeding seasons of 2002 and 2003 in rural Aberdeenshire. In all, 15 sparrowhawks were tracked including provisioning males, females, non-breeding adults and dispersing juveniles. An analysis of quantified movements’ characteristics (move length, stopping times and distance from the nest site) in relation to behavioural, climatic and temporal variables, aggregated at various spatio-temporal scales, indicated that ambient temperature and wind speed affected sparrowhawk foraging range and the duration of foraging trips. There was however, little temporal pattern in recorded movements. A method of quantifying home range movements is proposed whereby habitually used sites were identified using cluster analysis of radio-tracking locations. The discrete movements around these sites by individual sparrowhawks can be considered as a Markov process and quantified in terms of a transition matrix. The equilibrium properties of such a matrix are then used to quantify the expected long term distribution of the individual within the home range. Modelling of transition probabilities suggests that much of the variation in observed movement patterns of three provisioning male sparrowhawks was explicable in terms of the spatial arrangement of the sites within the home range and that there was little variation between the behaviour of individual sparrowhawks. Finally, a mechanistic discrete space movement model was developed based on a few simple behavioural rules.
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Shaw, Rachael Caroline. "The social cognition of Eurasian Jays : gaining insight into cognitive evolution in Corvids." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607951.
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Robak, Enbratt Emelie. "Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) is negatively affected by lake browning in southern Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42381.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and human land use leads to browning of waters with decreased visual conditions. This impacts the fish community via changes in foraging ability and food chain efficiency. There are indications that brownification leads to decreased body size of the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and that roach (Rutilus rutilus) are favoured over perch in brown lakes since roach is less dependent on its eyesight when foraging. The aim with this project is to examine how browning impacts the fish community in lakes in the south of Sweden and if browning reduces the size of perch in relation to their age. Data on water colour and length-at-age for 1+ and 5+ perch as well as the number of perch and roach captured was collected from 20 lakes. The data was examined using linear regression and paired samples T-test in SPSS. The results show that browning does reduce the body size of perch. Perch is smaller in relation to their age in brown lakes. There was however no evidence indicating that roach is favoured over perch in brown lakes, but there was a difference between the number of 1+ and 5+ perch caught in relation to roach. The perch: roach ration decreased for older fish (from 1+ to 5+) indicating that there is a difference in survival rate. Survival rate of perch was however not dependent on water colour or TOC. This shows that climate change and increased browning could result in changes of the fish community and size structure of fish.