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Journal articles on the topic 'Eucalyptus'
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1
Wu, Yi Qiang, Hayashi Kazuo, and Ying Chun Cai. "Collapse-Type Shrinkage in Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus Cells When Subjected to Heat-Steam Treatment." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.217.
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Collapse-type shrinkage in plantation-grown Eucalyptus cells is a bottleneck to severely restrict its high-effective utilization as environment-friendly solid-wood products. So, measurement of collapse-shrinkage parameters on seven species of Eucalypts (Eucalyptus urophylla, E.grandis, E.urophylla×grandis, E.grandis ×urophylla, E. dunnii, E. cloeziana and E. pellita) have been carried out under three kinds of treated patterns (heating, steaming and combined treatment) by means of image analysis technique. The results indicated that the total shrinkage and residual collapse increase obviously with heating temperature and steaming time for five species of low-density eucalypts(E.urophylla, E.grandis, E.urophylla×grandis, E.grandis ×urophylla and E. dunnii), while increase slightly for other two species of higher-density Eucalypts (E.cloeziana and E.pellita). Combined treatment has not made the total shrinkage and residual collapse take on the additive trend, especially for higher-density Eucalyptus. Therefore, the results will provide the important practical significance for the reasonable processing of plantation-grown eucalypt wood.
2
McCarthy, Andrew. "Eucalypt Ecology: Individuals to Ecosystems." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 2 (1998): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980174.
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Eucalypt ecologists in Australia finally have a text that is a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on eucalypt ecology. This book incorporates and expands on ideas found in Eucalyptus, the Universal Australian by Pryor and Johnson (1981) and Pryor's (1976) The Biology of Eucalypts.
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Bayly, Michael J. "Phylogenetic studies of eucalypts: fossils, morphology and genomes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 1 (2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16002.
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The eucalypt group includes seven genera: Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Eucalyptopsis, Stockwellia, Allosyncarpia and Arillastrum. Knowledge of eucalypt phylogeny underpins classification of the group, and facilitates understanding of their ecology, conservation and economic use, as well as providing insight into the history of Australia’s flora. Studies of fossils and phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data have made substantial contributions to understanding of eucalypt relationships and biogeography, but relationships among some genera are still uncertain, and there is controversy about generic circumscription of the bloodwood eucalypts (genus Corymbia). Relationships at lower taxonomic levels, e.g. among sections and series of Eucalyptus, are also not well resolved. Recent advances in DNA sequencing methods offer the ability to obtain large genomic datasets that will enable improved understanding of eucalypt evolution.
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Espinosa-García, Francisco J. "Revisión sobre la alelopatía de Eucalyptus L'Herit." Botanical Sciences, no. 58 (April 27, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1487.
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Some eucalyptus species can be associated to the production of zones where vegetation is absent, sparse and/or less diverse and vigorous than surrounding zones away from eucalypts. These zones have been documented with eucalypts growing as native or introduced species. Yield reduction and poor plant performance is frequent when some crops, annual or perennial, are planted within or around eucalypt stands. Although competition for water, light and nutrients can explain some of these inhibition patterns, it is insufficient to explain others. Field evidence suggests that allelopathy explains, at least partially, the aforementioned inhibition areas. Inhibition zones are absent where the soil does not accumulate allelochemicals and the watering or rainy regime leaches them out, or the plants surronding eucalypts are unaffected by the chemicals. Phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids and/or terpenoids have been isolated from eucalypt bark, litter and leaves; leaf hates or extracts from these parts have been shown to be phytotoxic in vitro and in greenhouse experiments for most target speciestested. Allelochemicals are normally released, from intact, dead or alive, eucalypt tissues and accumulated in water or soil in concentrations high enough to produce allelopathic effects. Milled or chopped eucalypt parts release more allelochemicals and faster than intact parts. Although no published work contains a li the undisputed evidence required to demonstrate eucalypts allelopathy, the body of evidence in the published works suggests that some eucalypt species do produce allelopathic effects in natural conditions.
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Coutinho, T. A., M. J. Wingfield, A. C. Alfenas, and P. W. Crous. "Eucalyptus Rust: A Disease with the Potential for Serious International Implications." Plant Disease 82, no. 7 (July 1998): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.7.819.
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Eucalyptus spp. are propagated extensively as non-natives in plantations in many parts of the tropics and sub-tropics. A number of diseases result in serious losses to this economically important forest resource. Eucalyptus rust, caused by Puccinia psidii, is one such example. The economic losses due to this disease are the result of infections of seedlings, young trees, and coppice. P. psidii occurs predominately in Central and South America, but reports of a similar rust are known from other areas. Eucalyptus rust is a remarkable disease in that the pathogen is not known on eucalypts in their centers of origin. It has apparently originated on native Myrtaceae in South America and is highly infective on some Eucalyptus spp. planted there. P. psidii causes one of the most serious forestry diseases in Brazil and is considered to be the most serious threat to eucalypt plantations worldwide. Advances in eucalyptus rust research are reviewed here, with a focus on topics such as distribution, host range, pathogen specialization, symptomatology, etiology, epidemiology, and control.
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Majer, Jonathan D., and Harry F. Recher. "Are eucalypts Brazil's friend or foe? An entomological viewpoint." Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 28, no. 2 (June 1999): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0301-80591999000200001.
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Vast areas of Brazil are being planted to Eucalyptus in order to provide renewable sources of timber, charcoal and cellulose. Although the rapid growth and productivity of various Eucalyptus species undoubtedly relaxes the pressure on logging of native forests, there are ecological costs. Firstly, some eucalypt species are vulnerable to pest outbreaks. A large number of native Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and leaf-cutting ants (Atta spp.), some of which have become pests, have been found on eucalypts growing in Brazil. Probably, the diverse myrtaceous flora of South America supports a fauna that can adapt to the introduced Eucalyptus species. Secondly, the leaf litter produced under Eucalyptus plantations differs substantially from that of native forests both in terms of its physical structure and chemistry, posing a range of problems for the native decomposer fauna. If microarthropod diversity is reduced, nutrient cycling could be impeded under eucalypt plantations. Thirdly, native forest canopies support a massive diversity and biomass of arthropods on which many birds, reptiles and mammals depend for food. The evidence is that invertebrate biomass and diversity are greatly reduced in the canopies of exotic eucalypt plantations. This, in turn, reduces the food-base on which forest arthropods and other animals depend, and hence their conservation status. This paper reviews the evidence for adverse ecological effects in Brazilian eucalypt plantations and suggests ways in which Brazil might meet its forestry needs, while conserving forest invertebrates and the vertebrates that depend on them.
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Macphail, Mike, and Andrew H. Thornhill. "How old are the eucalypts? A review of the microfossil and phylogenetic evidence." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 8 (2016): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16124.
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Molecular age estimates for the Eucalypteae (family Myrtaceae) suggest that the eucalypts, possibly associated with fire, have been present for ~65 million years. In contrast, macrofossils and fossil pollen attributable to three important eucalypt genera (Angophora, Corymbia and Eucalyptus) in the Eucalypteae date to ~51–53 million years ago (mid-Early Eocene) in Patagonia, eastern Antarctica and south-eastern Australia. At present, there is no fossil evidence to show that eucalypts had evolved before this epoch, i.e. when Australia was part of eastern Gondwana, although this seems probable on the basis of molecular-dated phylogenetic analyses. The primary reason is the absence of macrofossils, whereas the earliest fossil eucalypt-type pollen recorded (Myrtaceidites tenuis) is attributed to Angophora and Corymbia, not Eucalyptus. This pollen type is recorded in Australia and Antarctica but not in New Zealand or South America. The only Myrtaceidites morphospecies found in Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene deposits in Australia is M. parvus, whose affinity lies with multiple extant Myrtaceae groups other than the Eucalypteae. In the present paper, we review current phylogenetic and microfossil databases for the eucalypts and assess this evidence to develop a ‘consensus’ position on the origin and evolution of the eucalypts in the Australian region.
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Delucis, Rafael De Avila, and Darci Alberto Gatto. "Flexural properties of four fast-growing eucalypts woods deteriorated by three different field tests." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 39, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v39i1.27067.
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Durability is a wood characteristic determined by several factors, making it difficult to investigate the service life of pieces designated for outdoor use. In this study, the decaying of juvenile and adult woods of four fast-growing eucalypts from southern Brazil subjected to three different exposure environments was monitored through mechanical properties (flexural test). The study material was obtained from adult trees of Eucalyptus botryoides, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus paniculata and Eucalyptus tereticornis. Field tests were conducted in the city of Piratini, southern Brazil, and samplings were carried out during 540 days of experiment. Comparing the four eucalypts, the decreasing order of biological resistance was: Eucalyptus tereticornis, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus paniculata and Eucalyptus botryoides. The mature wood showed greater and more stable physical-mechanical properties than juvenile wood.
9
McKinnon, Gay E., Gregory J. Jordan, René E. Vaillancourt, Dorothy A. Steane, and Brad M. Potts. "Glacial refugia and reticulate evolution: the case of the Tasmanian eucalypts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1442 (February 29, 2004): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1391.
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Tasmania is a natural laboratory for investigating the evolutionary processes of the Quaternary. It is a large island lying 40–44° S, which was repeatedly glaciated and linked to southeastern continental Australia during the Quaternary. Climate change promoted both the isolation of species in glacial refugia, and an exchange between Tasmanian and mainland floras. Eucalyptus is a complex and diverse genus, which has increased in abundance in Australia over the past 100 kyr, probably in response to higher fire frequency. Morphological evidence suggests that gene flow may have occurred between many eucalypt species after changes in their distribution during the Quaternary. This paper summarizes recent genetic evidence for migration and introgressive hybridization in Tasmanian Eucalyptus . Maternally inherited chloroplast DNA reveals a long–term persistence of eucalypts in southeastern Tasmanian refugia, coupled with introgressive hybridization involving many species. Detailed analysis of the widespread species Eucalyptus globulus suggests that migration from mainland Australia was followed by introgression involving a rare Tasmanian endemic. The data support the hypothesis that changes in distribution of interfertile species during the Quaternary have promoted reticulate evolution in Eucalyptus .
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W. HART, PETER, and RICARDO B. SANTOS. "Changing the face of short fiber –a review of the eucalyptus revolution." June 2015 14, no. 6 (July 1, 2015): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.6.353.
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Eucalyptus plantations have been used as a source of short fiber for papermaking for more than 40 years. The development in genetic improvement and clonal programs has produced improved density plantations that have resulted in fast growing, increased fiber volume eucalypts becoming the most widely used source of short fibers in the world. High productivity and short rotation times, along with the uniformity and improved wood quality of clonal plantations have attracted private industry investment in eucalypt plantations. Currently, only a handful of species or hybrids are used in plantation efforts. Many more species are being evaluated to either enhance fiber properties or expand the range of eucalypt plantations. Eucalyptus plantations are frequently planted on nonforested land and may be used, in part, as a means of conserving native forests while allowing the production of high quality fiber for economic uses. Finally, eucalypt plantations can provide significant carbon sinks, which may be used to help offset the carbon released from burning fossil fuels. The development and expansion of eucalypt plantations represents a substantial revolution in pulp and paper manufacturing.
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Eleotério, Jackson Roberto, Douglas Reichert, Kerling Fabiane Hornburg, and Isalena Meneguelli. "MASSA ESPECÍFICA E RETRATIBILIDADE DA MADEIRA DE SEIS ESPÉCIES DE EUCALIPTO CULTIVADAS NO LITORAL DE SANTA CATARINA." FLORESTA 45, no. 2 (September 29, 2014): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v45i2.34699.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar e comparar a massa específica básica e aparente a 12% de umidade e os coeficientes de contração radial, tangencial e volumétrico de cinco espécies e um híbrido de eucalipto. As amostras de Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis e Eucalyptus resinifera foram retiradas de árvores com 17 anos; as de Eucalyptus grandis, de árvores com 14 anos; e as de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, de árvores com oito anos, todas plantadas no litoral norte de Santa Catarina. A madeira do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla e a de Eucalyptus grandis e de Eucalyptus pilularis classificam-se como leve, e a das demais espécies é classificada como madeira moderadamente pesada. Independentemente da contração analisada, os grupos formados na comparação de médias foram os mesmos. Os coeficientes de contração radial de Eucalyptus cloeziana e Eucalyptus resinifera são altos; já os coeficientes de contração tangencial e volumétrico de Eucalyptus grandis e volumétrico de Eucalyptus pilularis são baixos; e os demais podem ser classificados como médios. A variação na massa específica não é acompanhada de proporcional variação nos coeficientes de contração, resultando em baixas e moderadas correlações entre essas variáveis, apesar de significativas.Palavras-chave: Propriedades físicas; contração; Eucalyptus; Corymbia. AbstractSpecific gravity and shrinkage coefficients of wood of six species of eucalypts cultivated on the coast of Santa Catarina. This work aims at determining and comparing the basic and 12% moisture content specific gravity and radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of five species and a hybrid of eucalypts. The samples of Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus resinifera were extracted from 17 years old trees; ones of Eucalyptus grandis from 14 years old trees and the ones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla from eight years old trees, all of them planted on the North Coast of Santa Catarina State. The wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, of the Eucalyptus grandis and of the Eucalyptus pilularis can be classified as light, the others can be classified as moderately heavy. Independently on the shrinkage analyzed, the groups formed during the multiple mean comparing are the same. The radial shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus cloeziana and that of Eucalyptus resinifera are high. However, the tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of Eucalyptus grandis and the volumetric shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus pilularis are low; the others can be classified as medium. The variation on specific gravity is not followed by proportional variation on the shrinkage coefficients, resulting in low and moderate correlations between coefficients even tough significant.Keywords: Physical properties; shrinkage coefficients; Eucalyptus; Corymbia.
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Yuan, Zi-Qing. "Fungi and associated tree diseases in Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 3 (1996): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960337.
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A survey of fungal species occuil-ing on plants in Acacia and Eucalyptus seed production areas (SPAS) established at Yapilika, Melville Island, Northern Territory, as well as in the surrounding native vegetation was conducted. A total of 21 fungal species representing 18 genera of Ascomycotina (63.6%) and Deuteromycotina (36.4%) was collected. Among them, 10 species are newly recorded from Australia, Cryptovalsa cf. protracta, Dinemasporiuriz strigosum, Eutypella scoparia, Hypoxylon rubigineo-areolaturn, Leptosphaeria sp., Pestalotiopsis ncaciae, P. neglecta, Pseudocercospora sp., Rhytidhysteron rufuluin and Valsaria insitiva, and seven species are proposed as new: Botryosphaeria appendiculata, Coleophonza eucalypti, Hyponectria grevilleae, H. syzygii, Pseudocercospora erythrophlei, Stomiopeltis acaciae and Trichonectria syzygii. Most fungi collected in the survey are foliar pathogens. Leaf diseases of Acacia spp. and Eucalyptus pellita were commonly found in SPAs during the investigation. Most stem fungi were saprophytes. Only one, B. appendiculata, was found to be associated with dieback of Eucalyptus pellita. It is a potential stem canker pathogen of tropical eucalypts. Descriptions and illustrations for each new species and new Australian records are given.
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Dias, T. K. R., E. M. Pires, A. P. Souza, A. A. Tanaka, E. B. Monteiro, and C. F. Wilcken. "The beetle Costalimaita ferruginea (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) in Eucalyptus plantations in transition area of Amazon and Cerrado Biomes." Brazilian Journal of Biology 78, no. 1 (May 25, 2017): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.03916.
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Abstract Costalimaita ferruginea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) attacks Eucalyptus plants causing severe damage through netting of the leaves. Recently, this Coleoptera has been reported attacking Myrtaceae in Mato Grosso State and, studies about the occurrence of this beetle in commercial plantations of eucalypts has been the subject of researchers through monitoring programmes in the forest protection area. With the beginning of the rainy season, adults were observed causing damage in eucalypt plantations in four cities that are part of the transition region of Amazon and Cerrado Biomes. The spots where these insects were observed are located in Feliz Natal, Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso and Vera. The purpose of this study was to report the new occurrences and to characterize the attack period of the beetle C. ferruginea in Eucalyptus plantations in Middle-North region of Mato Grosso State, region of Biomes Transition.
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Lin, H., T. J. Murray, and E. G. Mason. "Population dynamics of four insect defoliators in a dryland South Island Eucalyptus plantation." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5927.
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Exotic insect defoliators originally from Australia are present in New Zealand Eucalyptus plantations Pest outbreaks causing significant defoliation can reduce tree growth and productivity There is limited information on the population dynamics of major Eucalyptus defoliators in the South Island Populations of four defoliators were monitored monthly from November 2015 to March 2016 in a dryland Eucalyptus plantation in Marlborough by assessing 35 shoots from each of 225 trees Only one generation of Paropsis charybdis was observed Peak adult abundance was in December/January and adults disappeared in March This is different from North Island and Australian studies in which two generations are often observed Opodiphthera eucalypti had two distinct generations with larval populations peaking in December and February/March Most Phylacteophaga froggatti larvae were found after December but populations were relatively low throughout the monitoring period Strepsicrates macropetana reached peak larval abundance in February and had multiple overlapping generations These results suggest differences in the population dynamics of eucalypt defoliators in the South Island compared to those reported in the North Differences are likely due to local environmental conditions which were notably dry during this particular monitoring season These data provide important information for pest management in South Island dryland Eucalyptus plantations
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Walden, L. L., R. J. Harper, D. S. Mendham, D. J. Henry, and J. B. Fontaine. "Eucalyptus reforestation induces soil water repellency." Soil Research 53, no. 2 (2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13339.
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There is an increasing interest in eucalypt reforestation for a range of purposes in Australia, including pulp-wood production, carbon mitigation and catchment water management. The impacts of this reforestation on soil water repellency have not been examined despite eucalypts often being associated with water repellency and water repellency having impacts on water movement across and within soils. To investigate the role of eucalypt reforestation on water repellency, and interactions with soil properties, we examined 31 sites across the south-west of Western Australia with paired plots differing only in present land use (pasture v. plantation). The incidence and severity of water repellency increased in the 5–8 years following reforestation with Eucalyptus globulus. Despite this difference in water repellency, there were no differences in soil characteristics, including soil organic carbon content or composition, between pasture and plantation soils, suggesting induction by small amounts of hydrophobic compounds from the trees. The incidence of soil water repellency was generally greater on sandy-surfaced (<10% clay content) soils; however, for these soils 72% of the pasture sites and 31% of the plantation were not water repellent, and this was independent of measured soil properties. Computer modelling revealed marked differences in the layering and packing of waxes on kaolinite and quartz surfaces, indicating the importance of interfacial interactions in the development of soil water repellency. The implications of increased water repellency for the management of eucalyptus plantations are considered.
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Makunde, Privilege T., Johannes C. Joubert, Bernard Slippers, Brett P. Hurley, and Almuth Hammerbacher. "Leaf surface traits may influence host specificity in psyllids of Eucalyptus, Spondyliaspis cf. plicatuloides (Froggatt) and Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)." Chemoecology 33, no. 3-4 (July 24, 2023): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00049-023-00387-x.
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AbstractSpondyliaspis cf. plicatuloides and Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) are invasive insect pests of Eucalyptus, native to Australia. The insects feed on eucalypt sap, and both psyllid species exhibit clear preferences for different species and hybrids of Eucalyptus. The objective of this study was to identify the constitutive morphological and phytochemical characteristics underlying these host preferences. Four preferred and eight non-preferred eucalypt hosts were selected for evaluation. Thirteen leaf morphological features of the 12 eucalypts were analysed. The non-polar and polar metabolites in and on the surface of leaves of each eucalypt species were extracted, and their chemical composition was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The leaf volatile profiles of hosts and non-hosts of S. cf. plicatuloides and G. brimblecombei did not differ sufficiently to explain the host choices of the two eucalypt psyllids. The leaf polar metabolite profiles of the susceptible hosts of the two psyllids differed significantly but did not explain the host preferences of the two psyllid species. However, preferred hosts of S. cf. plicatuloides and G. brimblecombei had some leaf morphological features and wax metabolites in common. Our results show that particular combinations of leaf morphological features and wax metabolites might influence the host choice of eucalypt-feeding lerp psyllids, but no traits explaining the differences in host-selection behaviour between S. cf. plicatuloides and G. brimblecombei were identified.
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Shepherd, M., C. Bihua, and R. Henry. "Microsatellite markers for Eucalyptus pilularis (Subgenus Eucalyptus); sourcing genetic markers outside the subgenus." Silvae Genetica 62, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2013): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2013-0030.
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AbstractMicrosatellite markers remain the most broadly used molecular marker in eucalypt genetics. A major advantage of microsatellite markers is that they often transfer readily between related taxa circumventing the need to develop new markers de novo in each species. Markers have been developed for a number of species of major economic importance, mainly from the Subgenus Symphyomyrtus, but these may also be available for use in species of lesser economic importance from other subgenera. Here we report on the sourcing of microsatellite markers for E. pilularis (Subgenus Eucalyptus (Formerly Monocalyptus)) from species outside the subgenus. Ninety-seven precent (60 out of 62) of loci that amplified in the source taxon (E. grandis) also amplified in the target taxon E. pilularis. By characterising them on a diversity panel (n=24) and a pedigree, a subset of 41 loci were distilled out that could be scored reliably and were polymorphic (Mean unbiased heterozygosity= 0.81). Predictions of efficient microsatellite marker transfer among eucalypts based on low evolutionary divergence have largely been borne out and are congruent with accumulating evidence of low sequence divergence within Eucalyptus. Upon this favourable background for microsatellite marker transfer, this study indicates highly efficient transfer is possible by identifying loci with broad PCR optima and adoption of approaches that favour cross-species transfer.
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Bauhus, Jürgen, Aaron P. van Winden, and Adrienne B. Nicotra. "Aboveground interactions and productivity in mixed-species plantations of Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus globulus." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-243.
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This study compared productivity in mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. pseudoglobulus (Naudin ex Maiden) Kirkpatr. and Acacia mearnsii de Wild with pure stands of each species and investigated how this might be explained by canopy stratification between species and changes in leaf characteristics of eucalypts. Investigations were carried out at a trial using the replacement series design, which consisted of the following combinations: 100% eucalypts (100%E), 75% eucalypts + 25% acacia (75%E:25%A), 50% eucalypts + 50% acacia (50%E:50%A), 25% eucalypts + 75% acacia (25%E:75%A), and 100% acacia (100%A). At 9.5 years, stem volume and biomass were highest in 50%E:50%A treatments. Canopy stratification occurred in all mixtures, with acacias in the lower and eucalypts in the upper canopy stratum. This and the increasing canopy light interception with increasing proportion of acacia in the mixture indicated that A. mearnsii is substantially more shade tolerant than E. globulus. Midcanopy foliage of E. globulus in the 50%E:50%A mixture had higher foliage nitrogen (N) but lower phosphorus (P) concentrations and lower light-saturated net photosynthesis rates (Amax) than those in the 100%E treatment. In addition, similar relationships between eucalypt crown volume and stem biomass across treatments indicated that eucalypt crowns were not more efficient in mixture. Our study indicates that the productivity gains in these mixtures may be partially attributable to aboveground niche separation between species.
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Anisa, R. P., P. Hidayat, D. Buchori, G. Pratyadhiraksana, J. I. M. Abad, W. de S Tavares, and M. Tarigan. "Parasitoids associated to Ophelimus eucalypti (gahan) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) plantations in North Sumatra, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1133, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012040.
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Abstract Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) is planted to produce materials such as paper, pulp, viscose, and wood. The eucalyptus gall wasp, Ophelimus eucalypti (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), induces the formation of galls on the leaves of Eucalyptus in North Sumatra, Indonesia. However, the identity of parasitoids associated with O. eucalypti in the field is poorly known. The study aimed to identify the parasitoids and their most prevalent species associated with O. eucalypti. Leaves of Eucalyptus with parasitized galls were sampled from January to October 2021 at Toba, North Tapanuli, and Samosir districts, North Sumatra. The collected material was incubated in the laboratory until gall wasp adults for its parasitoids emerged. Nine hymenopteran parasitoids of O. eucalypti were recovered and identified via analysis of the external morphology. They are Aprostocetus causalis La Salle & Wu, Aprostocetus Westwood sp., Chrysonotomyia germanica Erdös, Chrysonotomyia Ashmead sp. 1, Chrysonotomyia sp. 2, Closterocerus chamaeleon Westwood (Eulophidae), Eurytoma Illiger sp. (Eurytomidae), Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle and Tetrastichinae sp. (Eulophidae). The prevalence of Chrysonotomyia spp. parasitoid was the highest in the collection. Therefore, those parasitoids can be considered potential candidates as biological agents in the strategy to control the leaf-gall former O. eucalypti.
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Cabral, João Paulo. "A entrada na Europa e a expansão inicial do eucalipto em Portugal Continental." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp18-27.
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Resumo As primeiras observações e recolhas de eucaliptos ocorreram nas grandes viagens inglesas e francesas ao Pacífico, em particular à Austrália, em finais do século XVIII. O género Eucalyptus L'Hér. foi estabelecido em 1788, e logo nas duas décadas seguintes seriam descritas, por botânicos franceses e ingleses, muitas espécies novas. O primeiro eucalipto cultivado em Inglaterra foi trazido, em 1774, na segunda viagem de James Cook. Em França, a introdução terá sido feita em 1804, no Jardim Botânico de Montpellier, na Alemanha em 1809, no Jardim Botânico de Berlim, e em Itália, em 1813, no Jardim Botânico de Nápoles. Em Portugal, a introdução do eucalipto foi muito posterior a estas datas. Na propriedade do duque de Palmela no Lumiar, foram plantados dois eucaliptos em 1850-1852. No Horto Botânico da Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de Lisboa, existia em 1852, pelo menos um espécimen, certamente para uso ou demonstração das suas propriedades terapêuticas. A partir da década de 1860, a expansão foi muito rápida. Em 1869, a companhia real dos caminhos-de-ferro portugueses iniciou a plantação de eucaliptos nas estações, casas de guarda e ao longo da via-férrea. As primeiras plantações em larga escala terão ocorrido na década de 1880 em propriedades perto de Abrantes arrendadas por William T. Tait. Em 1886 estavam já plantados 150 mil eucaliptos. Nesta mesma década começou a plantação, em escala apreciável, de eucaliptos nas Matas Nacionais. Em finais do século XX, tinham sido introduzidas em Portugal cerca de 250 espécies, sendo o Eucalyptus globulus Labill., a espécie largamente dominante. É interessante constatar que tendo sido um dos países europeus que mais tarde introduziu a cultura do eucalipto, Portugal é hoje, a nível mundial, um dos que apresenta maior percentagem da sua área florestal dedicada a esta cultura.Palavras-chave: eucalipto; jardins botânicos; Portugal. Abstract The earliest observations and collections of eucalypts occurred on the great English and French voyages to the Pacific, particularly Australia, in the late 18th century. The genus Eucalyptus L'Hér. was described in 1788, and soon in the following two decades, many species would be described by French and English botanists. The first eucalypt grown in England was brought in 1774 on James Cook's second voyage. In France, the introduction seems to have occurred in 1804, at the Botanical Garden of Montpellier, in Germany in 1809, at the Botanical Garden of Berlin, and in Italy, in 1813, at the Botanical Garden of Naples. In Portugal, the introduction of eucalypts was much later than these dates. In the property of the Duke of Palmela in Lumiar, two eucalypts were planted in 1850-1852. The Botanical Garden of the Medical-Surgical School of Lisbon had in 1852, at least one specimen, certainly for use or demonstration of its therapeutic properties. From the 1860s the expansion was very rapid. In 1869, the royal company of the Portuguese railways began planting eucalypts in the stations, guard houses and along the railroad. The first large-scale plantations occurred in the 1880s in properties near Abrantes leased by William T. Tait. By 1886, 150,000 eucalypts were already planted. In the same decade began the planting, on an appreciable scale, of eucalypts in “Matas Nacionais”. By the end of the 20th century about 250 species had been introduced in Portugal, being Eucalyptus globulus Labill., the species largely dominant. It is interesting to note that Portugal, one of the European countries that later introduced the eucalypt, is today, worldwide, one of the countries with the highest percentage of its forest area dedicated to this culture. Keywords: eucalypt; botanical gardens; Portugal.
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Old, KM, and T. Kobayashi. "Eucalypts Are Susceptible to the Chestnut Blight Fungus, Cryphonectria Parasitica." Australian Journal of Botany 36, no. 5 (1988): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880599.
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Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. haemastoma, E, microcorys, E. punctata and E. robusta grown in greenhouses in Japan were susceptible to infection by Cryphonectria parasitica, syn. Endothia parasitica. A Cryphonectria sp. found on Eucalyptus in central Honshu was morphologically identical to C. parasitica and caused cankers on the five eucalypts and Castanea crenata. Endothiella, the anamorph of Cryphonectria. spp, and Endothia spp., was found on eucalypts in four field locations in Honshu. The evidence suggests that eucalypts are infected in the field by C. parasitica in Japan. Accidental introduction of the chestnut blight fungus into Australia could have serious consequences for the health of native eucalypts, in addition to causing disease of cultivated chestnuts.
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Et. al., Dr P. Rajasulochana,. "RESEARCH STUDIES ON EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COLD ETHANOIC EXTRACT OF EUCALYPTUS OIL." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 1164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.467.
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Medicinal plants which have antimicrobial compounds act against various pathogens. Myrtle family have different species. Eucalyptus is one among the myrtle family. Eucalyptus have different antimicrobial compounds. The plant grows well in many countries. This fast growing plant have different parts, each part has its own significant medicinal values lik timber, pulpwood, and different essential oils. Our research study showed phytochemical composition and antibacterial activities of eucalyputs leaves. The sample of eucalyptus is collected in the powder form. The eucalyptus powder is mixed into a cold ethanol and dry in a hot air oven. The dried extract was swapped and measured. Weighted 2.096g respectively and then the extract is used for phytochemical analysis and for quantitative analysis and then for antibacterial assay The results of this study suggest that the different concentrations of eucalyptus with various concentrations showed potential antibacterial activity.
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Bashir, Hira, and A. N. Khalid. "Morpho-anatomical and molecular characterisation of ectomycorrhizae associated with Eucalyptus species growing in different areas of the Punjab Province, Pakistan." Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 8 (2014): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14095.
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An evaluation of the ectomycorrhizal status of Eucalyptus plantations in different areas of the Punjab Province, Pakistan is presented. Our study reveals a very low diversity of below-ground ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Eucalyptus. Through molecular investigation, only three taxa were confirmed to be associated with six different species of Eucalyptus at four sampling sites. Among them, Scleroderma bovista was frequently associated with Eucalyptus in soils having different physicochemical properties highlighting wide ecological amplitude of this species. Scleroderma aurantium and Pisolithus tinctorius were infrequent associates with eucalypt roots. This study is the first consolidated approach to determine the ectomycorrhizal potential of exotic Eucalyptus with the innate fungal flora of Pakistan.
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Farnier, Kevin, Noel Davies, and Martin Steinbauer. "Not Led by the Nose: Volatiles from Undamaged Eucalyptus Hosts Do Not Influence Psyllid Orientation." Insects 9, no. 4 (November 17, 2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040166.
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Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are small sucking insects with high host plant specificity. Despite the primitive olfactory system of psyllids, some species have been suggested to rely on host plant volatiles (HPVs) for seasonal migration between summer deciduous hosts and winter coniferous hosts. Similarly, enhanced attraction of psyllid vectors has been observed as a result of the manipulation of host odors by plant pathogens. As yet, there are no studies of olfaction in psyllids that utilize evergreen eucalypt hosts. We investigated the behavioral responses of adults of four Eucalyptus-feeding psyllids—Ctenarytaina eucalypti, C. bipartita, Anoeconeossa bundoorensis and Glycaspis brimblecombei—to their respective HPVs in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. We also used existing physiological data for C. eucalypti to investigate potential olfactory tuning that may modulate the preference for morphologically juvenile leaves over morphologically adult leaves. Although adult C. eucalypti were consistently repelled by HPVs from damaged host leaves, none of the species exhibited positive chemotaxis to HPVs from undamaged leaves. Surprisingly, G. brimblecombei was repelled by HPVs from undamaged host leaves. Our findings provide little support for a significant role of olfaction in host location by Eucalyptus-feeding psyllids. We propose a number of ecological hypotheses to explain these unexpected findings.
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Crane, M. J., D. B. Lindenmayer, and R. B. Cunningham. "Use and characteristics of nocturnal habitats of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfocensis) in Australian temperate woodlands." Australian Journal of Zoology 60, no. 5 (2012): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12080.
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In Australian temperate woodlands, most squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) habitats exist outside formal conservation reserves, often in highly fragmented agricultural landscapes. To conserve squirrel glider populations in such woodlands it is essential to define important habitats and understand how they are used. This study examines the nocturnal habitat use of squirrel gliders across five sites within an agricultural landscape in south-eastern Australia. Over a five-month period we radio-tracked 32 gliders to 372 nocturnal locations. We quantify characteristics of key nocturnal habitats and describe their use. Gliders were more likely to use large eucalypt trees, particularly yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) and mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon). Nocturnal activity mostly took place high in the canopy of eucalypts, accounting for 74% of fixes. Multiple regression models revealed that feeding was more likely to occur in large, healthy trees close to drainage lines, with a preference for E. melliodora, when eucalypts were not flowering. Flowering trees were preferentially sought and were strongly associated with being large healthy trees that occur on ridges and upper slopes. Showing that the squirrel glider utilises key feeding structures (large healthy Eucalyptus trees) in different parts of the landscape at different times has direct management implications in the conservation and restoration of squirrel glider habitat, particularly in fragmented temperate woodland.
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Southerton, Simon G. "Early flowering induction and Agrobacterium transformation of the hardwood tree species Eucalyptus occidentalis." Functional Plant Biology 34, no. 8 (2007): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp07118.
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Investigation of the genes controlling flowering in eucalypts is hindered by the lack of an early-flowering genotype. Induction of early flowering was studied in five provenances of Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl. sourced from throughout its geographic range. Seedlings initiated flowers from 13 weeks after sowing when grown under optimal conditions with a 16-h photoperiod. By 16 weeks, seedlings from four widely dispersed provenances had initiated floral buds, suggesting that competence to flower early is a common characteristic of the species. The different provenances displayed considerable variation in seedling growth rate. Elevated levels of CO2 had no effect on seedling growth rate, but were associated with delayed flowering. Transformation experiments demonstrated that E. occidentalis is susceptible to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, in common with several other eucalypt species. E. occidentalis may be a valuable experimental species for molecular and other flowering studies in eucalypts.
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Wang, Wen, QianLi Liu, GuoQing Li, FeiFei Liu, and ShuaiFei Chen. "Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Celoporthe Species from Plantation Eucalyptus in Southern China." Plant Disease 102, no. 10 (October 2018): 1915–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-17-2002-re.
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The family of Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales) includes many important tree pathogens, such as those that cause severe cankers on Eucalyptus trees. Recently, stem canker and cracked bark were observed on 8-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla trees in a plantation in southern China. Fruiting structures typical of Cryphonectriaceae fungi were observed on the surface of the diseased tissues. In this study, the isolated fungi were identified based on DNA sequence analyses and morphological characteristics, and their pathogenicity was tested on three Eucalyptus clones. DNA sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (including the intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene), two regions of β-tubulin (BT2/BT1), and partial translation elongation factor1-α (TEF-1α), indicated that these isolates represent Celoporthe syzygii and one previously undescribed species. The undescribed species was also morphologically distinct from the other species of Celoporthe. The new species was described and named C. cerciana sp. nov. The results of this study based on the ITS, BT2/BT1, and TEF-1α sequences indicated that more than one haplotype was isolated from the same Eucalyptus tree. The findings of a previous study, whereby C. eucalypti was isolated from the same plantation as that of this study, revealed the high species diversity of Celoporthe within a single plantation, which is associated with a single Eucalyptus sp. in southern China. The results further suggested that hybridization may occur between C. syzygii and C. eucalypti. In addition to the Eucalyptus trees, C. syzygii was also isolated from native Melastoma candidum in the same Eucalyptus plantation. The inoculation results showed that these fungi isolated from E. grandis × E. urophylla and M. candidum are pathogenic to all three tested E. grandis hybrid clones. Significant differences in tolerance were observed between the tested Eucalyptus clones, suggesting that disease-tolerant Eucalyptus genotypes can be selected for disease management.
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Kouki, Habiba, Flavio Polito, Laura De Martino, Yassine Mabrouk, Lamia Hamrouni, Ismail Amri, Florinda Fratianni, Vincenzo De Feo, and Filomena Nazzaro. "Chemistry and Bioactivities of Six Tunisian Eucalyptus Species." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15101265.
Full textAbstract:
The complex taxonomy of Eucalyptus genus, the renewed interest in natural compounds able to combat microbial strains, the overuse of synthetic pesticides, the consequent request for alternative control methods were the reasons for this research. The essential oils (Eos) of Eucalyptus bosistoana, Eucalyptus melliodora, Eucalyptus odorata, Eucalyptus paniculata, Eucalyptus salmonopholia, and Eucalyptus transcontinentalis were analyzed by GC/MS and their potential phytotoxic activity was evaluated against the germination and radicle elongation of Sinapis arvensis, Raphanus sativus and Lolium multiflorum. The antibiofilm activity was assayed against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii) bacteria. Monoterpenoids were the most representative constituents in all EOs and eucalyptol was the dominant component except in E. melliodora EO, in which p-cymene was the most abundant. In phytotoxic assays, the EOs from E. odorata and E. paniculata were the most active against germination and radical elongation of the tested seeds. Finally, the Eucalyptus EOs proved their capacity to effectively inhibit the adhesion process of all five pathogen strains, with percentages often reaching and exceeding 90%. These Eucalytpus EOs could have possible employments in the food, health and agricultural fields.
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Bowman, DMJS, JCZ Woinarski, and KA Menkhorst. "Environmental Correlates of Tree Species Diversity in Stage III of Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 6 (1993): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930649.
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A quadrat based survey that sampled across the environmental range of the geologically and topographically diverse Stage III of Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, revealed that the region has a tree flora dominated by the family Myrtaceae, and the genus Eucalyptus in particular. Principal components analysis (PCA) defined three axes of environmental variation: site rockiness, site hydrology and surface soil clay content. The three PCA axes were divided into halves and a 2x2x2 matrix was created to classify eight environments; however, there were quadrats in only seven of the eight possible environments. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVAs showed that there was significant variation of the following variables between the 7 environments: total basal area, tree species richness, proportion tree richness composed of eucalypt species, and proportion of eucalypt richness composed of the four subgenera Blakella, Corymbia, Eudesmia and Symphyomyrtus. Of the most abundant 25 tree species and other common eucalypts only five species (Allosyncarpia ternata, Eucalyptus bigalerita, E. clavigera, E. foelscheana and E. jacobsiana) did not have significant differences in their mean basal area between the seven environments. The above patterns are interpreted as evidence that the savanna is a highly evolved system rather than the product of geologically recent disturbance to a once widespread monsoon rainforest.
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Xavier, Adelica Aparecida, Eugênio Von. Sanfuentes, Davi Theodoro Junghans, and Acelino Couto Alfenas. "Resitência de Eucalyptus globulus e Eucalyptus nitens à ferrugem (Puccinia psidii)." Revista Árvore 31, no. 4 (August 2007): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622007000400018.
Full textAbstract:
Avaliou-se a resistência das espécies de Eucalyptus globulus e Eucalyptus nitens inoculadas com um isolado uredinospórico monopustular de Puccinia psidii origininário de plantio de Eucalypstus grandis (UFV-2) em Itapetininga, SP. A avaliação foi realizada aos 12 dias após a inoculação, e quantificou-se a doença por meio de uma escala de notas com quatro classes de severidade da doença (S0, S1, S2 e S3). Em média, aproximadamente 60% das plantas de E. globulus e 50% de E. nitens foram resistentes a P. psidii. A variabilidade intra-específica nos materiais estudados indica ser possível a clonagem de genótipos resistentes para plantio comercial ou para uso em programas de melhoramento genético.
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Drinnan, AN, and PY Ladiges. "Floral development and systematic position of Eucalyptus curtisii (Myrtaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 3 (1991): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910539.
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The corolla of E. curtisii Blakely & White clearly consists of free, imbricate parts that closely adhere by their cuticles. Ontogenetic investigation of the corolline parts did not reveal any suggestion of morphological duality that characteristically leads to the complex 'petals' in Angophora and other eucalypts. The stamen primordia are initiated on the inner flank of the invaginated floral apex, and at anthesis are inserted on the rim of the hypanthium. There is no evidence of a stemonophore distinctive of the informal subgenera Eudesmia, Symphyomyrtus and Monocalyptus. The possession of the plesiomorphic condition for both these characters is suggestive of a 'primitive' position for E. curtisii close to the root of the eucalypt phylogenetic tree. This is supported by the possession of several other characters that are apparently plesiomorphic for Eucalyptus sens. lat.
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Valente, Carlos. "Insect pests affecting Eucalypts in Portugal: Current situation and future prospects." Agrociencia Uruguay 27, NE2 (November 20, 2023): e1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1265.
Full textAbstract:
Eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) early established outside their native range have typically benefited from a pest-free environment. However, over time, due to the circulation of people and goods, several Australian insects that attack eucalypts reached the regions where these trees are commercially planted. In Europe, Portugal is the country with the largest area planted with eucalypts (mostly Eucalyptus globulus), covering almost 850,000 hectares. Thirteen insect species native from Australia have already been found in Portugal affecting eucalypts. From these, the snout beetle (Gonipterus platensis), the bronze bug (Thaumastocoris peregrinus), the longhorned borers (Phoracantha semipunctata and P. recurva), and the tortoise beetle (Trachymela sloanei) are the most important pests. This work aims to review the status of these pests, their impacts, and the success of the management strategies that have been employed. Future challenges are also discussed.
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Dick, Grasiele, Humberto J. Eufrade-Junior, Mauro V. Schumacher, Gileno B. Azevedo, and Saulo P. S. Guerra. "Eucalypt Clonal Hybrid Influences the Carbon Amount of Below-Ground Biomass in Oxisol, Brazil." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07868.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an influence of different clonal hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla on the carbon concentration and amount in below-ground biomass in trees cultivated in Oxisol, Brazil. Stumps and roots of three different eucalypt hybrid clones, AEC 0144, AEC 0223, and VM01, were selected, weighed immediately after being removed from the ground, and sampled for carbon determination and moisture content at the laboratory. The Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests were used to evaluate data distribution and the homogeneity of variances, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Scott-Knott test was used to evaluate the effects of specie/hybrid on the below-ground biomass (dry matter) and carbon amount per stump. The hybrid type of Eucalyptus urophylla does not influence the carbon concentration; however, there is a difference in below-ground biomass production and carbon amount with it being higher for Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus camaldulensis when compared to the species Eucalyptus urophylla and hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis.
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Ladiges, PY, F. Udovicic, and AN Drinnan. "Eucalypt phylogeny — molecules and morphology." Australian Systematic Botany 8, no. 4 (1995): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9950483.
Full textAbstract:
Molecular (5S rDNA spacer and chloroplast DNA RnPs) and morphological data sets are informative at different levels of the eucalypt clade. They allow separate analysis of major subclades, the results of which, when combined, give a single, phylogenetic tree for Angophora Cav. and Eucalyptus L'Hér. For taxonomic revision, the tree supports the recognition of bloodwood eucalypts as monophyletic, but shows that informal subgenus Corymbia Pryor & Johnson is paraphyletic. The tree supports recognition of three major clades within the non-bloodwood eucalypts ('eudesmids', 'symphyomyrts' and 'monocalypts') and suggests relationships for taxa within each of these. Ovule and seed characters proved to be most informative in the morphological data set. The phylogenetic hypothesis suggests interpretations for homoplasious morphological characters, including parallel evolution of sepaline and petaline opercula (and associated stemonophore) and types of conflorescence.
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Vecchio, Maria Gabriella, Claudia Loganes, and Clara Minto. "Beneficial and Healthy Properties of Eucalyptus Plants: A Great Potential Use." Open Agriculture Journal 10, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501610010052.
Full textAbstract:
Eucalyptus (Eucapyptusspp.), an evergreen tall tree native to Australia and Tasmania, has been used since ancient times by the aboriginal population for several purposes. In particular, the speciesE. globulusis widely used in the pulp industry, as well as for the production of eucalyptus oil extracted on a commercial scale in many countries as raw materials in perfumery, cosmetics, food, beverages, aromatherapy and phytotherapy. The 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), the principal and the most important constituent extracted from eucalyptus leaves, demonstrated an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite the fact that the healthy effects of eucalyptus have been well established by research, further studies are necessary to investigate other prime effects of the plant and its possible implication in the treatment of a greater number of pathological conditions.
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Sampson, JF, SD Hopper, and SH James. "The Mating System and Genetic Diversity of the Australian Arid Zone Mallee, Eucalyptus rameliana." Australian Journal of Botany 43, no. 5 (1995): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9950461.
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Estimates of parameters of the mixed mating model were made for three populations of the bird-pollinated arid zone eucalypt, Eucalyptus rameliana F. Muell. Levels of outcrossing ((t) over cap) varied significantly between populations from mixed mating with substantial selfing ((t) over cap = 0.54) to almost completely outcrossed ((t) over cap = 0.95). Comparison of single-locus and multilocus estimates suggested that the drop in outcrossing was due to increased self-pollination. The lowest outcrossing rate was attributed to the reduced ability of a population with low numbers of buds to attract bird pollinators. Outcrossing rates in E. rameliana are proposed to be a more direct reflection of pollination than estimates made for mass flowering, i.e. small-fruited eucalypts. The distribution of allozyme diversity in E. rameliana also appeared to reflect the impact of bird pollinators in promoting gene flow as well as the species capacity for outcrossing and introgression. Levels of diversity were comparable with other eucalypts, but the proportion of diversity between populations (GST = 9.2%) was only about half the mean for other eucalypts. Genetic distances between populations were low, but there was same significant differentiation of populations which was attributed to non-random bird migrations. The importance of bird pollination in the mating system and the distribution of genetic diversity in E. rameliana emphasises that enough habitat to support nomadic birds should be preserved in order to conserve this eucalypt species.
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Fladung, M., H. Schroeder, C. Wehenkel, and B. Kersten. "Differentiation of six Eucalyptus trees grown in Mexico by ITS and six chloroplast barcoding markers." Silvae Genetica 64, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2015): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2015-0012.
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Abstract Different species of the genus Eucalyptus, originally native to Australia, are being cultivated in different parts of the world due to their fast growth and beneficial wood properties. In Mexico, probably up to 25 different Eucalyptus species (many of them with unknown species declaration) were introduced early in the 20th century. Many Eucalyptus species are cross compatible and information about provenances of the single eucalypt species is rare. In this study, an experimental plantation established in 1984 and located in Northeast of Mexico was chosen as example to re-assign the species name of six randomly selected Eucalyptus trees growing in this plantation. First, a phylogenetic tree was constructed from complete chloroplast sequences of 31 Eucalyptus species available in the NCBI database. The phylogenetic tree includes three of the nine Eucalyptus species known to be introduced to Mexico, namely E. camaldulensis, E. saligna and E. grandis, which belong to a clade named “Symphyomyrts”. By employing combined BLASTN and UPGMA analyses of six chloroplast (cp) regions, three of the six unknown eucalypt samples (Euc4, 5, 6) cluster together with E. microtheca and E. cladocalyx, whereas the other three (Euc1, 2, 3) were more similar to a group containing E. camaldulensis, E. grandis and E. saligna. UPGMA analysis of the ITS region overall shows the same rough clustering, but provide more detailed information for two samples being most likely assigned to E. camaldulensis.
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Waithaisong, Kittima, Agnès Robin, Louis Mareschal, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Jean-Michel Harmand, Bruno Bordron, Jean-Paul Laclau, José Leonardo Moraes Gonçalves, and Claude Plassard. "Potential of Bioassays to Assess Consequences of Cultivation of Acacia mangium Trees on Nitrogen Bioavailability to Eucalyptus Trees: Two Case-Studies in Contrasting Tropical Soils." Plants 12, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040802.
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We hypothesized that the nitrogen-fixing tree Acacia mangium could improve the growth and nitrogen nutrition of non-fixing tree species such as Eucalyptus. We measured the N-mineralization and respiration rates of soils sampled from plots covered with Acacia, Eucalyptus or native vegetation at two tropical sites (Itatinga in Brazil and Kissoko in the Congo) in the laboratory. We used a bioassay to assess N bioavailability to eucalypt seedlings grown with and without chemical fertilization for at least 6 months. At each site, Eucalyptus seedling growth and N bioavailability followed the same trends as the N-mineralization rates in soil samples. However, despite lower soil N-mineralization rates under Acacia in the Congo than in Brazil, Eucalyptus seedling growth and N bioavailability were much greater in the Congo, indicating that bioassays in pots are more accurate than N-mineralization rates when predicting the growth of eucalypt seedlings. Hence, in the Congo, planting Acacia mangium could be an attractive option to maintain the growth and N bioavailability of the non-fixing species Eucalyptus while decreasing chemical fertilization. Plant bioassays could help determine if the introduction of N2-fixing trees will improve the growth and mineral nutrition of non-fixing tree species in tropical planted forests.
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Lunt, Ian D., Heidi C. Zimmer, and David C. Cheal. "The tortoise and the hare? Post-fire regeneration in mixed Eucalyptus - Callitris forest." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 6 (2011): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11151.
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Seedling regeneration after a high intensity wildfire was assessed in a mixed forest dominated by Eucalyptus species and Callitris endlicheri (Parl.) F.M. Bailey. Patterns were compared against the ‘slow seedling’ or ‘tortoise-and-hare’ theory of competitive interactions between gymnosperms and angiosperms. Browsing effects were documented using fenced plots, and seedling density, mortality and height were assessed over 6 years, from 2004–10. Consistent with expectations, Eucalyptus seedlings grew faster than Callitris seedlings in most situations. Callitris seedlings grew faster and produced seed cones sooner in plots with fewer Eucalyptus seedlings compared with plots with dense Eucalyptus seedlings. The local growth rates of Callitris seedlings were not associated with long-term site suitability for Callitris, as many plots with diminutive Callitris seedlings and dense Eucalyptus seedlings were dominated by Callitris trees before the 2003 fire. Contrary to expectations, few Callitris seedlings died during the 6-year period, so competition during the regeneration phase did not regulate co-existence. Strong drought tolerance and the ability to persist in dense, unthinned stands may enable Callitris to persist beneath dense Eucalyptus regeneration. Nevertheless, Callitris seedlings growing with dense Eucalyptus seedlings have a longer primary juvenile period than seedlings in sites with fewer seedling or adult eucalypts, which places these stands at greater risk of mortality in future fires and greater risk of browsing in the meantime.
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Kebede, Tesfanesh Ababu, and Xiaoqian Chen. "Local Farmers’ Perception towards Eucalyptus Woodlot: Lesson Drawn from the Jamma District, Northeastern Ethiopia." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (July 16, 2023): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.6.1.1317.
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Eucalyptus woodlots are the most economically important and extensively planted exotic tree species in Ethiopia. However, there are different arguments on Eucalyptus’s contribution and its effect on the environment from scholars and communities as a whole. Hence, this study investigates farmers’ perceptions and factors affecting their perception of Eucalyptus woodlot plantation. The sample size of respondents was 150 farmers who were selected randomly, and data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The collected data were analysed through descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model. The result revealed that 65.3% of farmers had a positive perception, but they perceived negative effects like Nutrient competition of Eucalyptus on crops, effect on water resources, drying out of other plant species, shading effect, and causing soil infertility. Eucalyptus contributed 41.6% to the total household income, next to agriculture (54.2%). Degraded land, roadsides, and farm boundary were the common niches of Eucalyptus plantations. Furthermore, Eucalyptus wood products are the most preferable construction materials for local communities. The result shows that the majority of the farmers plant Eucalyptus on degraded land. The model result indicated that staying years in the area, farmers’ experience, age, educational status, and distance to market had significant effects on farmers’ perception towards Eucalyptus plantation. The findings recommended that different concerned bodies should work to address different socioeconomic and biophysical factors affecting farmers’ perception towards Eucalyptus woodlot. The findings further suggest that experts and policy-makers should consider the interests and perceptions of farmers to make decisions regarding Eucalyptus woodlot plantations
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Larcombe, Matthew J., Brad M. Potts, Rebecca C. Jones, Dorothy A. Steane, João Costa E. Silva, and René E. Vaillancourt. "Managing Australia’s eucalypt gene pools: assessing the risk of exotic gene flow." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 1 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16003.
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Most eucalypts are endemic to Australia but they have been introduced into more than 100 countries and there are now over 20 million hectares of eucalypt plantations globally. These plantations are grown mainly for pulpwood but there is expanding interest in their use as a renewable source of solid wood products and energy. In Australia, the eucalypt plantation estate is nearing one million hectares, located mainly in temperate regions and dominated by Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens (subgenus Symphyomyrtus), which are grown mainly outside their natural ranges. While eucalypt species from different major subgenera do not hybridise, hybrids within subgenera are often reported, including hybrids with plantation species. Concerns were raised in the late 1990s that pollen-mediated gene flow from locally exotic plantation eucalypts may affect the integrity of adjacent native eucalypt gene pools. As Australia is the centre-of-origin of most eucalypt species used in plantations around the world, exotic gene flow is one of the many issues that require management for industry sustainability and certification purposes. We here summarise over a decade of research aimed at providing the framework and biological data to help assess and manage the risk of gene flow from these plantations into native gene pools in Australia.
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Dodson, JR, and CA Myers. "Vegetation and Modern Pollen Rain From the Barrington Tops and Upper Hunter River Regions of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 3 (1986): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860293.
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Vegetation was mapped using existing maps, Landsat interpretation, aerial photograph interpretation and some verification by ground surveys. Twenty-five moss cushions were collected to identify pollen rain and pollen indicators of vegetation for use in fossil pollen interpretation. Eucalyptus (10%), Poaceae (4-10%), Casuarina (4-5%), Asteraceae (Tubuliflorae) (0-4%) and Cyperaceae (0-2%) were the general components in the pollen rain of the region. Subtropical rain forest was characterized by Backhousia and low values of a wide range of taxa. Cool temperate rain forest had Nothofagus values above 40% and Eucalyptus values below 20%. Subalpine grasslands had Poaceae values above 45%, Eucalyptus values below 15% and small quantities of Epacridaceae and Goodeniaceae pollen. Subalpine forest and wet eucalypt forest formations had very similar pollen representation and could be confused in pollen spectra. However, Monotoca, Banksia, Leptospermum pollen and fern spores were more common in the wet eucalypt forests. Dry eucalypt formations were characterized by 2-20% values of Bursaria, Callitris and Dodonaea as well as eucalypt values.
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Harris, R. "Eucalyptus. The genus Eucalyptus." International Journal of Aromatherapy 13, no. 2-3 (2003): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-4562(03)00073-0.
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Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Maurício Dutra Costa, Arnaldo Chaer Borges, Elza Fernandes Araújo, and Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya. "Compatibility and ectomycorrhiza formation among Pisolithus Isolates and Eucalyptus spp." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 29, no. 3 (June 2005): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832005000300003.
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Twenty-nine isolates of the ectomycorrhiza fungus Pisolithus sp. from different geographical and host origins were tested for their ability to form ectomycorrhizae on Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The ectomycorrhiza-forming capacity of isolates varied greatly from one eucalypt species to the other. All isolates from Eucalyptus, nine from Pinus spp. and two isolates from unknown hosts formed mycorrhizae with E. grandis and E. urophylla. Root colonization rates varied from 0 to 5.2 % for all Pinus isolates and those from unknown hosts. Colonization rates for these isolates were lower than those observed for Eucalyptus isolates (0.8 to 89.4 %). Three isolates from unknown hosts formed mycorrhizae with neither Eucalyptus species. The main characteristic for distinguishing Pinus from Eucalyptus isolates was mantle color. These data corroborate previous results obtained in our laboratory indicating that the isolates tested represent at least two distinct different species within the genus Pisolithus.
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Wang, W., G. Q. Li, Q. L. Liu, and S. F. Chen. "Cryphonectriaceae on Myrtales in China: phylogeny, host range, and pathogenicity." Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 45, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 101–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.04.
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Plantation-grown Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and other trees residing in the Myrtales have been widely planted in southern China. These fungal pathogens include species of Cryphonectriaceae that are well-known to cause stem and branch canker disease on Myrtales trees. During recent disease surveys in southern China, sporocarps with typical characteristics of Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers on the stems and branches of Myrtales trees. In this study, a total of 164 Cryphonectriaceae isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequences of the partial conserved nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal DNA operon, two regions of the β-tubulin (tub2/tub1) gene, and the translation elongation factor1-alpha (tef1) gene region, as well as their morphological characteristics. The results showed that eight species reside in four genera of Cryphonectriaceae occurring on the genera Eucalyptus, Melastoma (Melastomataceae), Psidium (Myrtaceae), Syzygium (Myrtaceae), and Terminalia (Combretaceae) in Myrtales. These fungal species include Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Celoporthe syzygii, Cel. eucalypti, Cel. guang-dongensis, Cel. cerciana, a new genus and two new species, as well as one new species of Aurifilum. These new taxa are hereby described as Parvosmorbus gen. nov., Par. eucalypti sp. nov., Par. guangdongensis sp. nov., and Aurifilum terminali sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests showed that the eight species of Cryphonectriaceae are pathogenic to two Eucalyptus hybrid seedlings, Melastoma sanguineum branches, and Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos seedlings. Theoveralldatashowedthat Chr. deuterocubensis is the most aggressive, followed by Par. eucalypti. Significant differences in tolerance were observed between the two tested Eucalyptus hybrid genotypes, suggesting that disease-tolerant genotypes can be selected for disease management in the Eucalyptus industry.
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Santos, Marisângela Rodrigues, Lúcio Mauro da Silva Guimarães, Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende, Leonardo Novaes Rosse, Karina Carnielli Zamprogno, and Acelino Couto Alfenas. "Resistance of Eucalyptus pellita to rust (Puccinia psidii)." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 14, no. 4 (December 2014): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332014v14n4a38.
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Eucalypts rust (Puccinia psidii) is currently one of the major diseases in commercial eucalypt plantations in Brazil. The primary method of disease control is the use of resistant genotypes, and, among the different species of Eucalyptus, E. pellita is indicated as a promising source of resistance. In this work, the genetic control of rust resistance in E. pellita through inoculations under controlled conditions of 441 plants from four full-sibling families was studied. Inoculations were performed using the monopostular isolate UFV-2, race 1. All families tested segregated for rust resistance, and the number of resistant plants was higher than susceptible in all crosses. Inheritance models based on few genes did not fully explain the observed segregation patterns, and the narrow-sense heritability of rust resistance was estimated between 32.7% and 37.3%. The results suggested that rust resistance in E. pellita is complex and is controlled by major- and minor-effect genes.
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Gu, Zhen Jun, Dang Quan Zhang, Wei Mo, Huai Yun Zhang, and Xiao Lei Zhang. "Constituent Characteristic and Biomedical Potentials of Organic Essential Oils from Leaves of Four Eucalyptus Cultivars in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.785.
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Several Eucalyptus cultivars has been introduced and cultivated for millions of hectares afforestation in subtropical China, whose woods were mainly used in papermaking industry and whose water essential oils were used mainly in aroma and medical industry. However, the potential biomedical components of organic essential oils were still uncovered. In order to reveal constituent characteristic and biomedical potentials of organic essential oils from leaves of four Eucalyptus cultivars (E. camaldulensis,E. tereticornis,E. citriodoraandE. dunnii) in China, their components were efficiently extracted by improved solvents extracting condition, which were identified by optimal gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The functional analytical results suggested that these four Eucalyptus cultivars possess large numbers of common components, especially including Eucalyptol, 1-Eicosanol, (+)-Longifolene, (+)-Aromadendrene, Phytol and (-)-Alloaromadendrene, which are good materials for aroma and biomedical industry. The contents of common components of four Eucalyptus cultivars are as high as 68.97%, 81.81%, 60.64% and 64.29%, respectively. Moreover, each Eucalyptus organic essential oil also has specific components with potentials in aroma industry or biomedical industry.
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Noack, Ann, Jyri Kaapro, Kathryn Bartimote-Aufflick, Sarah Mansfield, and Harley Rose. "Efficacy of Imidacloprid in the Control of Thaumastocoris peregrinus on Eucalyptus scoparia in Sydney, Australia." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2009.032.
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Thaumastocoris peregrinus, an Australian native, is a new and serious pest of urban eucalypts planted in Sydney and commercial centers of Australia. In recent years, it has spread to and attained pest status in South African Eucalyptus plantations and, more recently, has been discovered in Argentina and Uruguay. Mature Eucalyptus scoparia street trees, growing in a southern Sydney suburb, were microinjected with imidacloprid at three concentrations and monitored for three years. The abundance of T. peregrinus on treated eucalypts declined significantly compared to untreated trees over this time. Further, at the lowest concentration of chemical this insect was effectively controlled for two years. Imidacloprid (SilvaShield®; Bayer Environmental Science) has been registered in Australia for the control of T. peregrinus.
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Choir AM, Imamul. "EFEKTIVITAS ANTIVIRUS CORONA BERBASIS EUCALYPTUS DI INDONESIA." Oceana Biomedicina Journal 4, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/obj.v4i2.17.
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ABSTRAK
COVID-19 adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dan menyerang pada sistem pernapasan. Gejala awal dari penyakit ini antara lain batuk, demam, nyeri pada tenggorokan, sakit kepala, hilangnya indra perasa dan penciuman. COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, China pada akhir Desember 2019. Epidemi menyebar dengan cepat diseluruh dunia dalam 3 bulan dan dicirikan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO. Hingga saat ini vaksin masih melalui tahap uji dan masih belum berhasil. Beberapa upaya pembuatan antivirus untuk COVID-19 telah dilakukan Kementerian Pertanian di Indonesia. Diantaranya dengan menggunakan tanaman eucalyptus yang memiliki potensi ampuh melawan virus. Minyak atsiri eucalyptus memiliki senyawa 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) yang merupakan komponen utama dari minyak atsiri dan ditemukan dalam daun eucalyptus dan Senyawa ini memiliki aktivitas antivirus, anti-inflamasi, dan antimikroba. Senyawa eucalyptol dapat berfungsi menghambat replikasi coronavirus dengan mengikat protein Mpro yang terdapat pada virus. Protein tersebut berperan dalam pematangan virus dan pembelahan polyprotein virus sehingga dapat mencegah penyebaran infeksi.
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Adams-Schimminger, Miriam, Graham Fifield, Bruce Doran, and David Freudenberger. "Woodland Rehabilitation and Biodiversity Conservation in an Agricultural Landscape in South Eastern Australia." Case Studies in the Environment 1, no. 1 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2017.sc.399598.
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Southern Australia has a tree crisis. The iconic and ecologically essential eucalypt trees are dying out across vast swathes of farmland that were once grassy woodlands. A century of clearing and agricultural intensification, plus the failure of these trees to self-regenerate, has led to a massive loss of wildlife habitat, particularly tree hollows that only form in large and old Eucalyptus trees. Just as importantly, this decline in trees has exposed farmers to losses of agricultural productivity. There is now a lack of shelter for livestock. Rising salty ground water is degrading pastures as this ground water is no longer being controlled by the deep roots and respiration of eucalypts. We describe the research that shows how an innovative partnership between farmers, a non-government environmental organisation, and government funding is rehabilitating entire fields to a productive and wildlife-rich woodland full of thriving eucalypts.