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1
Menkhorst, P. W., and M. Collier. "Diet of the Squirrel Glider, Petaurus norfolcensis (Marsupialia: Petauridae), in Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 11, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am88014.
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Analysis of faecal pellets from Petaurus norfolcensis in northern and central Victoria showed that it ate insects, principally Coleoptera and lepidopteran larvae obtained from the foliage of Eucalyptus and Acacia, and plant exudates, especially Eucalyptus sap and Acacia gum. Diet was broadly similar to that of its congeners P. australis and P. breviceps but differed in the ubiquitous presence of insect remains, the preponderance of caterpillars (particularly the noxious Doratifera sp.) and the relative insignificance of spiders. Eucalyptus nectar and pollen, as well as lerps, which are important to other Petaurus spp. elsewhere, appeared to be less important components of the diet of P. norfolcensis at our main study site. This result was probably due to these food items being unavailable when we collected the pellets. The items were heavily utilised at another site. The availability of pollen and nectar may be irregular and unpredictable in eucalypt open forests of low species diversity. Absence of this rich source of protein and nitrogen may be partially compensated for by the relatively high diversity and density of foliage invertebrates.
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Bush, David, David Spencer, John Doran, and Richard Davis. "Testing New Provenances of Eucalyptus polybractea: A Eucalypt Oil Mallee Adapted to Semi-Arid Environments." Forests 13, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071109.
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Novel genetic accessions of Eucalyptus polybractea from a previously untested, hotter and drier part of the species’ natural range were tested in a common garden trial at a semi-arid site in NSW, Australia. Eucalyptus polybractea is a mallee eucalypt cultivated for essential oils (1,8-cineole), bioenergy and carbon sequestration on dryland sites in southern Australia (sites receiving about 450 mm mean annual rainfall, MAR). A trial of six previously untested provenances from the relatively hot, dry part of the species’ natural range in South Australia (SA) (250–450 mm MAR) was established alongside seven provenances from New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria within a commercial plantation in NSW. The trial was assessed at age 3.7 years for growth and oil characteristics. While survival was excellent, most of the SA sources were slower growing and of sub-standard oil concentration and quality relative to those from Victoria and NSW. However, a single SA provenance, with the highest oil concentration and 1,8-cineole percentage of all provenances tested, may have potential as a source of selected germplasm. Infusion of SA material into the breeding populations of E. polybractea, which are currently based on NSW and Victorian selections only, may provide more resilience in the face of hotter and drier temperatures expected under projected climate change scenarios, and/or allow the introduction of the species to hotter and drier climates in Australia or other parts of the world with semi-arid climates. However, high-intensity selection of infusions will be required to maintain the growth and oil characteristics in the existing breeding population.
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Ladiges, PY, and T. Whiffin. "A new name for Eucalyptus verrucosa, Grampian Ranges, Victoria." Australian Systematic Botany 8, no. 1 (1995): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9950123.
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Andersen, AN, and AY Yen. "Canopy Ant Communities in the Semiarid Mallee Region of North-Western Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 2 (1992): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920205.
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Ants were collected from the canopies of mallee eucalypts at Wyperfeld National Park in north-western Victoria by beating foliage on ten occasions from September 1979 to December 1980. The study was conducted at two adjacent sites: one that had been burnt by a wildfire during early 1977, and the other long unburnt. Both sites contained a mixture of three mallee eucalypt species: Eucalyptus dumosa, E. foecunda and E. incrassata. In contrast to the canopies of other eucalypt formations elsewhere in southern Australia, abundance and diversity of ants were very high. Ants represented 43-69% of all invertebrates, and a total of 44 ant species from 19 genera was collected. Iridomyrmex and Camponotus respectively contributed 10 and 11 species, and the most abundant ants were species of Iridomyrmex, Monomorium and Crematogaster. Ant composition was broadily similar at the two sites, and on different canopy species, although significant differences in abundance were apparent for some individual ant species. Except for tree-nesting Podomyrma adelaidae and Myrmecorhynchus sp. nr emeryi, the fauna was dominated by ground-nesting species, most of which appeared to forage on vegetation opportunistically. The unusually high abundance and diversity of the canopy ant fauna are attributed to the close proximity of the mallee canopy to the ground, coupled with an exceptionally rich ground ant fauna.
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BURCKHARDT, DANIEL, KEVIN FARNIER, DALVA L. QUEIROZ, GARY S. TAYLOR, and MARTIN J. STEINBAUER. "Ctenarytaina bipartita sp. n. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), a new eucalypt psyllid from Southeast Australia." Zootaxa 3613, no. 6 (February 14, 2013): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.5.
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Ctenarytaina bipartita sp.n., associated with Eucalyptus kitsoniana and E. viminalis, is described from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria. It differs from other described Ctenarytaina species in the paramere which bears a small posterior lobe. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. Information on the biology is also given. C. bipartita has the po-tential to become an exported pest species to countries with significant eucalypt plantations.
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Jones, Rebecca C., Dorothy A. Steane, Bradley M. Potts, and René E. Vaillancourt. "Microsatellite and morphological analysis of Eucalyptus globulus populations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-172.
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Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is native to southeastern Australia and is the most important temperate hardwood plantation species in the world. It consists of four subspecies that are morphologically and geographically distinct but that are linked by morphologically and geographically intermediate populations. The Jeeralang provenance, an intermediate population from southeastern Victoria, is an important source of seed for plantations and genetic material for breeding programs because of its superior growth and wood density. To determine the genetic affinities of this provenance, 154 trees from three subspecies and the Jeeralang provenance were sampled. Analysis of 12 morphological characters verified that the Jeeralang provenance is intermediate between subspecies bicostata (Maiden, Blakely, & J. Simm.) Kirkpatr., globulus and pseudoglobulus (Naudin ex Maiden) Kirkpatr., with individuals having closest affinities to either ssp. globulus or ssp. bicostata. However, eight microsatellite loci showed that the Jeeralang provenance has greater affinities to Victorian ssp. globulus to which it is geographically closest. In contrast, Tasmanian and Victorian ssp. globulus are morphologically similar yet appear to be distinct at the molecular level. This study emphasizes the importance of using traits that are unlikely to be influenced by selection when determining the origin and affinities of populations.
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Lunt, Ian D. "Allocasuarina (Casuarinaceae) Invasion of an Unburnt Coastal Woodland at Ocean Grove, Victoria: Structural Changes 1971 - 1996." Australian Journal of Botany 46, no. 6 (1998): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97032.
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Changes in vegetation structure in a long-unburnt (> 115 years) woodland at Ocean Grove, Victoria, were assessed by comparing density data collected in 1971 by Withers and Ashton (1977) with comparable data from 1996. The changes in structure outlined by Withers and Ashton (1977) continued to operate over the 25 year period, namely, a dramatic increase in the density of Allocasuarina littoralis (Salisb.) L.A.S.Johnson, and a continued decline in the once-dominant eucalypts, especially Eucalyptus ovata Labill. The density of A. littoralis increased from 911 trees ha–1 in 1971 to 3565 trees ha–1 in 1996. Most of the surviving E. ovata displayed extensive crown dieback, and appear likely to die in the near future. Many eucalypt seedlings which were planted into burnt and unburnt experimental plots in 1971 were still alive in 1996, but most were less than 0.5 m tall and suppressed by tall regrowth of A. littoralis and Acacia pycnantha Benth. In the continued absence of fire and other disturbances, it is predicted that A. littoralis will continue to dominate the reserve, leading to further declines in eucalypts. It appears unlikely that a single fire will prevent A. littoralis dominance, and frequent burning at short intervals may be required to reinstate an open woodland structure.
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Neish, PG, AN Drinnan, and PY Ladiges. "Anatomy of Leaf-Margin Lenticels in Eucalyptus denticulata and Three Other Eucalypts." Australian Journal of Botany 43, no. 2 (1995): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9950211.
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The anatomy is described of denticulate leaf margins in Eucalyptus denticulata, E. quadrangulata, E. incrassata and E. laevopinea. The leaves had been collected from trees growing in sites in Victoria or New South Wales. Denticulations are formed by individual secondary meristems, initially associated with primary oil glands. Each meristem produces layers of cells containing phenolic compounds towards the outside of the leaf. The structure of the denticulations is most similar to lenticels. The presence of these leaf-margin lenticels in unrelated taxa such as E. incrassata and E. laevopinea indicates that they have evolved more than once; however, they are a possible synapomorphy uniting E. denticulata and E. quadrangulata as sister taxa. They may function in defence against herbivores.
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Baker, T. G., and P. W. Volker. "Silvicultura de plantaciones de Eucaliptos para productos de madera sólida de alto valor en el Sur de Australia = Silviculture of eucalypt plantations in Southern Australia for high-value solid wood products." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 13, no. 1 (July 9, 2007): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2007.269.
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La mayoría de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus han sido establecidas en la región templada de Australia (Australia Occidental, Australia Meridional, Victoria y Tasmania). Eucalyptus globulus es la principal especie en el área, con casi todas las plantaciones bajo el sistema de rotación corta para la producción de pulpa. En Tasmania y en Victoria, tal como en Chile, E. nitens ha sido utilizado como un sustituto de E. globulus, particularmente donde las bajas temperaturas son una limitante para esta última especie. La creciente reserva de bosques naturales, que han sido la fuente del tradicional recurso de la madera aserrada, ha despertado el interés en los productos de madera sólida de estas nuevas plantaciones de Eucalyptus. Hay resistencia a la utilización de la madera solida de Eucalyptus proveniente de plantaciones, principalmente de las industrias procesadoras debido a las dudas sobre la calidad de la madera y la idoneidad de las trozas para el procesamiento. Se requerirán muchas investigaciones para despejar estos temores. Este artículo describe algunos resultados de las investigaciones sobre las propiedades madereras y silvícolas de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus en el sur de Australia, además de las actuales prioridades y actividades de investigación.
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Raymond, C. A., and A. Muneri. "Effect of fertilizer on wood properties of Eucalyptus globulus." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-186.
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The effects of N and P fertilizers applied to Eucalyptus globulus Labill. at plantation establishment on basic density, fibre length, fibre coarseness, predicted pulp yield, and N and P concentration in the wood were examined by sampling four fertilizer factorial trials: three in Victoria and one in Western Australia. Treatments sampled were control, maximum levels of N and P by themselves and combined. Growth responses varied across sites with significant growth responses at the Victorian sites but no response at the Western Australian site. An interaction was suggested between rainfall and the effects of the fertilizer; wood properties at the drier sites were detrimentally affected by fertilizer but there was little effect at the wetter sites. On the two drier sites, application of both N and P, alone or in combination, resulted in changes in density, shorter fibres, and slightly lower predicted pulp yield. Addition of both N and P increased the levels of these nutrients in the wood at the three Victorian sites. Changes occurred in wood properties in the absence of growth responses to the applied fertilizer indicating that these changes were not induced by changing tree growth rate.
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Cook, IO, and PY Ladiges. "Morphological variation within Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. and recognition of a new species, E. denticulata." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 2 (1991): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910375.
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The complete geographic range of Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. (shining gum) was sampled to determine the pattern of variation in adult and seedling morphology. Analyses of the different data sets indicated the presence of two distinct taxa: one, characterised by denticulate adult leaf margins, is described as E. denticulata sp. nov.; the other, characterised by entire leaf margins, is E. nitens s. str. Many other characters distinguish the two taxa. Mature trees of E. denticulata have leaves with higher oil gland density, longer peduncles, more cup-shaped rather than barrel-shaped fruit, more frequently exserted valves, and rounded and longer flower buds compared with E. nitens s. str. Seedlings of the two species can be distinguished mainly on the basis that those of E. denticulata have longer internodes and leaves which clasp the stem to a lesser extent. The major occurrence of E. denticulata is on the Errinundra Plateau, East Gippsland, with limited occurrences in the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is found in isolated stands in New South Wales and Victoria. The two species are allopatric, with the exception of the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria where some stands are mixed. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is also geographically variable, comprising three distinct geographic races: northern and central New South Wales, southern New South Wales, and the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria.
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Hindell, MA, KA Handasyde, and AK Lee. "Tree Species Selection by Free-Ranging Koala Populations in Victoria." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850137.
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Tree species selection was studied in free-ranging populations of koalas [Phascolarctos cinereus] on Phillip Island and the Brisbane Ranges in Victoria. At both sites koalas were found mainly on Eucalyptus spp. but occasionally used Acacia spp. Although koalas occurred on most of the Eucalyptus spp. present, both populations showed preferences for one or two species, particularly E. viminalis. Individual koalas showed different preferences, but the majority preferred E. viminalis. Some occurred exclusively on other species even when E. viminalis was close by. Koalas also showed preference for individual trees within a species.
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Cook, Ian O., and Pauline Y. Ladiges. "Isozyme Variation in Eucalyptus nitens and E. denticulata." Australian Journal of Botany 46, no. 1 (1998): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96072.
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Seed samples from 22 populations across the geographic range ofE. nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden s. str. andE. denticulata I.O. Cook & P.Y. Ladiges wereanalysed for isozyme variation and estimation of the genetic distance betweenthe two taxa. Analysis of 12 enzyme systems in 3 buffer systems revealed 12polymorphic and 5 monomorphic loci. The results confirm the distinctiveness ofE. nitens and E. denticulatapreviously reported for morphological characteristics. A single population ofthe related species E. quadrangulata Deane & Maidenwas distinct from, and more heterogeneous than, populations of the other two taxa. The results also show regional genetic variation withinE. nitens that correlates with observed differences inmorphology. Three races were identified: northern and central NSW; southern NSW and Mt Kay in eastern Victoria; Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands inVictoria. Geographically isolated populations, particularly from central andnorthern NSW, showed the least genetic variation. Variation was highest in anequivocal population from Mt Gregory, central Victoria, where the distributionof E. nitens overlaps with that ofE. denticulata.
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Chappill, JA, MD Crisp, and SM Prober. "Eucalyptus elaeophloia: a new species from the Nunniong Plateau, Victoria." Australian Systematic Botany 3, no. 2 (1990): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900275.
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A new species of Eucalyptus, E. elaeophlioa, is described from the Nunniong Plateau in the far east of Victoria. It is classified in informal subgenus Symphyomyrtus, section Maidenaria and is sister species to E. imlayensis.
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Geary, P. W., and C. Fryar. "Seed viabilities for commercial Eucalyptus species from East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Forestry 62, no. 3 (January 1999): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1999.10674792.
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Pahl, LI. "Feeding-Behavior and Diet of the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus-Peregrinus, in Eucalyptus Woodlands and Leptospermum Thickets in Southern Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 35, no. 5 (1987): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9870487.
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The foliage of Eucalyptus spp. contributed 61-98% of the annual diet of ringtails at sites dominated by Eucalyptus spp. or prickly teatree, Leptospermum juniperinum. Up to 45% of the Eucalyptus foliage consumed was young, and young foliage was mostly eaten during spring and summer. The remainder of the diet consisted of foliage of several species of shrub and significant proportions of the diet of one population consisted of flowers and/or flower buds of Eucalyptus maculata during winter. The proportion of shrub foliage eaten was generally highest at sites dominated by less preferred Eucalyptus spp., such as E. tereticornis, E. camaldulensis and E. botryoides, compared to sites dominated by the favoured species, E. ovata, E. dives, and E. maculata. Ringtails in thickets of coast teatree, L. laevigatum, fed predominantly on foliage of that species. The proportions of Eucalyptus and shrub foliage eaten by different populations did not appear to be correlated with availability, suggesting that ringtails fed selectively from the foods available. Food selection was practised at four levels: between species, trees, leaves and leaf parts. Partly digested leaf material appeared to have been consumed by pouch young before they had begun to feed on foliage.
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Ladiges, PY, and T. Whiffin. "Taxonomic Revision of Eucalyptus alpina s.l. and Recognition of Three New Species, E. victoriana, E. serraensis and E. verrucosa." Australian Systematic Botany 6, no. 4 (1993): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9930365.
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Forms previously recognised within Eucalyptus alpina Lindl., an endemic of the Grampian Ranges, Victoria, are described as three new species. E. victoriana sp. nov. occurs in the Mt Thackeray area, Victoria Range; it is a tall tree with smooth upper branches and flaky bark on the lower trunk, adult leaves which are broad-lanceolate, buds which are slightly warty, and fruits which are compressed-hemispherical with a level to slightly ascending disc. E. serraensis sp. nov. is a small tree or mallee of the Wonderland Range and northern Serra Range; adult leaves are ovate, apiculate and coriaceous, buds are warty, and fruits have a broad, distinctly raised disc. E. verrucosa sp. nov. is a small tree or shrub of the southern Sena Range; adult leaves are orbicular, emarginate and coriaceous, buds are very warty, and fruits are large, with a level and folded disc. The type for E. alpina is from a probable hybrid tree with E. baxteri (Benth.) Maiden & Blakely ex Black and hence the name cannot be applied to any of the taxa recognised here.
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Brooker, MIH, AV Slee, and JD Briggs. "A taxonomic revision of Eucalyptus ser. Argyrophyllae." Australian Systematic Botany 8, no. 4 (1995): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9950499.
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The Eucalyptus ser. Argyrophyllae Blakely is revised. The series consists of the earlier published taxa, E. cinerea, E. cephalocarpa, E. nova-anglica, E. triplex (reduced herein to E. cinerea subsp. triplex), E. alligatrix and E. conspicua, plus two new taxa described herein, E. alligatrix subspp. limaensis and miscella. The taxa occur from far south-eastern Queensland to central and eastern Victoria. A short summary of the species making up the series is given, followed by notes on the diagnostic, morphological features for the series. Notes on the distribution, habitat and conservation status are given for all taxa in the series, and representative specimens are illustrated.
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TAYLOR, GARY S., KEVIN FARNIER, DANIEL BURCKHARDT, and MARTIN J. STEINBAUER. "Anoeconeossa bundoorensis sp. n., a new psyllid (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) from Southeast Australia." Zootaxa 3609, no. 3 (January 30, 2013): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3609.3.11.
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Anoeconeossa bundoorensis sp. n. is described from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) from southern Victoria in Southeast Australia. It is placed in the A. communis Taylor species-group as the paramere lacks combs of black rods. It differs from other members of the species-group, A. communis and A. bullata Taylor as it lacks an anterobasal expansion on the paramere and from A. unicornuta Taylor as the inner horn-shaped process of the paramere is reduced to a short spine and the apical expansion is more elongate, with a corresponding greater length of equidistant setae. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. In-formation on the biology is presented.
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Ilic, J. "WOODS OF EUCALYPTUS – PART 2 DISTINGUISHING SPECIES FROM THE STRINGYBARK GROUP: (E. baxteri, E. globoidea, E. muelleriana, E. macrorhyncha, E. consideniana and E. sieberi)." IAWA Journal 23, no. 3 (2002): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000306.
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In Australia the stringybark group of eucalypts comprises at least 25 species of Eucalyptus from the botanical series Capitellatae. The species are abundant in south-eastern Australia, and four groups (white, yellow, brown and red) of the commercial timber come mainly from Victoria and New South Wales and these include E. baxteri (Benth.) Maiden, E. globoidea Blakely & Blakely, E. macrorhyncha F. Muell. ex Benth., and E. muelleriana Howitt. As with the ‘ash group’ of eucalypts, the timbers are similar in appearance, and although they are heavier than the ash group, there are some overlapping characteristics. Two additional species, E. consideniana Maiden (yertchuk) and E. sieberi L.A.S. Johnson (silvertop ash), outside the stringybark group, were studied as their woods also closely resemble those from the stringybark group.Differences were found between the species in vessel diameter and density, ray content, amount of axial parenchyma, distinctness of growth rings, basic density and wood colour. Most of the useful differences arise from extremes of these characteristics. Eucalyptus macrorhyncha (red stringybark) can be identified when the pore number is greater than 15/mm2, the average maximum tangential diameter is less than 140 μm, by ray width and content and from the definite pink-reddish colour. Eucalyptus sieberi can be distinguished definitely from E. muelleriana, and fairly certainly from E. globoidea and E. baxteri by uniformly distributed deposits in the rays. Considerable overlap in wood structure exists among E. muelleriana, E. globoidea and E. baxteri making their separation on wood characteristics impractical. Photomicrographs illustrating various points have been included together with a key for separation between the species studied. Similarities to other species including E. acmenoides, E. microcorys, E. obliqua, E. phaeotricha, and E. pilularis are discussed.
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Moxham, Claire, and Josh Dorrough. "Recruitment of Eucalyptus strzeleckii (Myrtaceae) in intensive livestock production landscapes." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 6 (2008): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07187.
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Eucalyptus strzeleckii K. Rule (Strzelecki gum) is a medium-to-tall forest swamp gum, endemic to Victoria and listed as Nationally Vulnerable in Australia. This species occurs in the high rainfall (up to 1600 mm) region of Gippsland in south-eastern Victoria. The region has been intensively developed for agriculture, in particular dairy production. Surviving trees are often old and in varying stages of dieback and natural recruitment is rarely observed. The removal of cattle-grazing as a sole mechanism to encourage recruitment is rarely sufficient to promote regeneration of this species. The aim of this study was to examine the role of soil disturbance, weed competition, seed supply and parent plant competition, in the absence of cattle-grazing, in the recruitment of E. strzeleckii. Seed availability, distance from mature tree, soil disturbance, soil moisture and pasture competition all influenced seedling establishment and survival in the field. Removal of ground layer vegetation immediately before seedling emergence appears to be essential for successful establishment of E. strzeleckii. However, both soil disturbance and pasture removal by spraying had similar effects, suggesting that competition rather than soil disturbance per se is a limiting factor in these environments. In the absence of understorey vegetation manipulation, regeneration by this species is unlikely even in the absence of grazing.
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Haines, PJ, AB Bell, and LP Thatcher. "Evaluation of some factors involved in reducing browsing damage to eucalypt trees by sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 5 (1994): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940601.
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These experiments evaluated in northeastern Victoria the factors affecting the severity of browsing damage to eucalypts by sheep. We aimed to develop management options for integrating sheep grazing in agroforestry systems. One-year-old tree seedlings were planted into annual pasture and grazed at high stocking rates (44 sheep/ha) for up to 1 week when the pasture was abundant. In experiments 1 and 2, crossbred weaners almost totally defoliated Eucalyptus camaldulensis (river red gum) seedlings after 96 h grazing; damage from older Merino wethers was minimal. Of the 4 eucalypt species tested for relative acceptability or palatability to crossbred weaners, E. camaldulensis was the most heavily browsed and E. globulus spp. bicostata (southern blue gum), least. The height of the pasture immediately surrounding the seedlings, and therefore visibility of the seedling to the sheep, did not affect browsing extent. In experiment 3, potential repellents were applied either on the ground around E. camaldulensis seedlings or sprinkled on the foliage. Six repellants provided short-term protection from crossbred weaner sheep; Replex 1 and 3, and egg and paint were the most effective. After 4 days grazing, seedlings treated with Replex 3 had sustained 24% mean browsing damage compared with 90% for the control.
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Whiffin, T., and PY Ladiges. "Patterns of variation and relationships in the Eucalyptus Alpina–E. baxteri complex (Myrtaceae) based on leaf volatile oils." Australian Systematic Botany 5, no. 6 (1992): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9920695.
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In the stringybark eucalypts, the baxteri clade consists of E. arenacea, from South Australia and northwestern Victoria, E. baxteri, mainly from the Great Dividing Range of Victoria, and E. alpina, an endemic taxon from the Grampian Ranges of Victoria. Populations of these taxa were sampled from across their geographic and morphological ranges. Phenetic and phylogenetic analyses were undertaken of the leaf volatile oil composition of the sampled plants. On the basis of these analyses, E. arenacea emerges as a cohesive, monophyletic species, while E. baxteri is a variable and probably paraphyletic species. Populations on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, are variable and intermediate, and may represent recent intergradation between the two species. Populations of E. baxteri from the Grampians are distinctive chemically, but not morphologically, within the species. Recent hybridisation between this form of E. baxteri and E. alpina was shown to be occuning within the Grampians. E. alpina is a highly variable taxon, and probably polyphyletic as currently recognised. Three distinct forms were recognised within E. alpina. The first, and most distinctive, is from the southern Serra Range; the second is from the northern Serra Range and Wonderland Range; the third, and most similar to E. baxteri, is from the Victoria Range.
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WANG, LIANGMIN. "The soil seed bank and understorey regeneration in Eucalyptus regnans forest, Victoria." Austral Ecology 22, no. 4 (December 1997): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00690.x.
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Menkhorst, PW, BW Weavers, and JSA Alexander. "Distribution, Habitat and Conservation Status of the Squirrel Glider Petaurus-Norfolcensis (Petauridae, Marsupialia) in Victoria." Wildlife Research 15, no. 1 (1988): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880059.
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The results of a trapping and spotlighting survey in Victoria of the squirrel glider, Petaurus norfolcensis, coupled with examination of historical records showed that the species is restricted to the Riverine Plains, Northern Uplands and northern slopes of the Western Highlands. Within these regions squirrel gliders inhabit remnant woodlands or open-forests which have mature or mixed-age stands of more than one eucalypt species, or riparian open-forests of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The mixed-species stands which support squirrel gliders invariably include gum-barked and high nectar-producing species including some which flower in winter. The riparian open forests typically contain mature Acacia dealbata which may provide an important winter carbohydrate source. The squirrel glider was often the only arboreal mammal detected at a site; if another species was present it was usually the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula. Other petaurids rarely occurred at the same site. We suggest that in Victoria the ecological tolerance of the squirrel glider is narrow 'and that the species should be considered vulnerable because most of its habitat has been cleared for farming. Commercial exploitation of timber and grazing of stock in much of the remaining habitat places further stress upon the small, fragmented populations of this species.
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Tomkins, IB, JD Kellas, and RO Squire. "Effects of Season and Harvesting Treatments on Soluble-Sugar and Starch Levels in Eucalyptus obliqua and E. globulus subsp. bicostata Roots, and Implications for Armillaria Control." Australian Journal of Botany 37, no. 4 (1989): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9890305.
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Seasonal variations in starch and soluble sugar in root wood of standing trees and stumps of messmate stringybark (Eucalyptus obliqua) and Victorian blue gum (E. globulus subsp. bicostata) were measured for 2 years in four mature stands at Mount Cole, Victoria. Previously established seasonal variations were confirmed for E. obliqua standing trees, and similar patterns were established for E. globulus subsp. bicostata in the first year of the study. E. globulus subsp. bicostata had higher starch reserves but similar sugar reserves to E. obliqua. Selection, shelterwood and clearcutting at the beginning of the second season had no effect on the starch and sugar reserves of retained trees. However, starch levels for stumps declined and appeared to be converted to sugars as the latter were maintained at normal levels, and they continued to show a seasonal variation for at least 12 months after cutting. There is little or no scope for manipulating the food base for Armillaria by varying the harvesting treatment and/or the season of treatment.
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Loyn, Richard H. "Bird Populations in Successional Forests of Mountain Ash Eucalyptus Regnans in Central Victoria." Emu - Austral Ornithology 85, no. 4 (December 1985): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9850213.
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Hamilton, SD, AC Lawrie, P. Hopmans, and BV Leonard. "Effects of Fuel-Reduction Burning on a Eucalyptus obliqua Forest Ecosystem in Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 39, no. 3 (1991): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910203.
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An autumn fuel-reduction burn of low intensity (200-250 kW m-1) was performed in a Eucalyptus obliqua forest near Gembrook, Victoria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a single burn on floristics, biomass, N content and N2 fixation. The fire burnt 50% of the area in a mosaic pattern, significantly reducing understorey vegetation cover (by 90%) and plant density (by 70%) in burnt areas immediately after the fire. Understorey cover was restored to 40% of the original value 1 year later, but 33% of the understorey species were still absent from burnt areas. In the whole site mosaic, biomass declined by 30 t ha-1 (3 kg m-2) (10%) and N content by 100 kg ha-1 (10 g m-2) (18% excluding soil N, 2% including soil N). These losses were due to significant losses of biomass and N from the understorey only (88%, 85%), standing dead trees (57%, 62%), fallen wood (73%, 60%) and litter (69%, 70%). One year later, there was no significant increase in either biomass or N content. Burnt areas had five times the total nitrogenase activity of unburnt areas, owing to significantly greater specific nitrogenase (C2H2 reduction) activity, three times the nodule weight and 20 times the plant density of unburnt areas for the dominant legume (Pultenaea scabra). Using a calibration ratio for C2H2:N2 of 2.68 :1 derived from glasshouse growth studies, N2 fixation for P. scabra was estimated as 15 g ha-1 year-1 in burnt areas and 3 g ha-1 year-1 in unburnt areas, with a mean of 9 g ha-1 year-' for the whole site mosaic. Adding superphosphate to burnt areas increased estimated N2 fixation significantly by 14%, mainly by increasing nodulation. Losses of N due to the burn (100 kg ha-1) were considerably greater than gains from increases in N2 fixation (6 g ha-1 year-1) one year after the burn. Even allowing for N2 fixation by other, infrequent legumes and greater N2 fixation in subsequent years, these data suggest that the N lost in the burn is more likely to be replaced by inputs from soil reserves and rainwater than from N2 fixation by legumes.
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Mccaw, WL. "Effects of Fuel-Reduction Burning on a Eucalyptus obliqua Forest Ecosystem in Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 3 (1993): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930413.
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REID, C. A. M., and M. BEATSON. "Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae)." Zootaxa 4497, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3.
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The endemic Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 is revised, with eight valid species, three new: C. aitori sp. nov.; C. blackburni Reid, 1992; C. conani sp. nov.; C. frenchae Blackburn, 1893; C. insignis Blackburn, 1896; C. monga sp. nov.; C. tuberosa Reid, 1992; C. westwoodii Baly, 1860. A key is provided for their identification and all species are described. Cheiloxena species occur from southern Victoria to central Queensland. Hosts are Araliaceae (Astrotricha), Proteaceae (Lomatia) and possibly Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus).
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Grierson, PF, MA Adams, and PM Attiwill. "Estimates of Carbon Storage in the Aboveground Biomass of Victorias Forests." Australian Journal of Botany 40, no. 5 (1992): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920631.
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The pool of carbon in the world's forests is of similar magnitude to that in the atmosphere, yet little attention has been given to improving measures of carbon in terrestrial biomass. Much of the critical data for forest biomass on which models of global carbon cycling rely is, in fact, based on the accurate sampling of less than 100 ha of forest. Uncertainties in biomass estimation at the local and regional level may be responsible for much of the current speculation as to unidentified sinks for carbon. We have used a forest inventory (i.e. records of forest volume obtained for harvesting purposes) approach to quantify the biomass of forests in Victoria, Australia. Forests were analysed by type, age and region. Regression equations were developed for the accumulation of biomass with age across all productivity classes for each forest type. The mean carbon density for above-ground components of Victorian native forests is 157 tonnes ha-1 (t ha-1), although forest types range in mean carbon density from 250 to 18 t ha-1. Pinus radiata D. Don plantations in Victoria have a mean carbon density of 91 t ha-1 in the above-ground components. Total carbon stored in above-ground biomass is estimated to be 1.2 X 109 t. Rates of carbon fixation vary with forest age, species and site. Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) forests fix around 9 t of carbon ha-1 annually during the first few years of growth, decreasing to 6 t ha-1 by age 10. Rates of carbon accumulation by other forests are generally less than this and, at the lower end of the range, box-ironbark forests, mallee and woodlands accumulate between 0.5 and 2 t ha-1 year-1. P. radiata plantations in Victoria will accumulate around 7 t carbon ha-1 year-1.
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McDonald, M. W., M. Rawlings, P. A. Butcher, and J. C. Bell. "Regional divergence and inbreeding in Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Myrtaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 4 (2003): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02106.
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Eucalyptus cladocalyx F.Muell. is a widely cultivated tree in dryland southern Australia. It is grown for firewood, timber production and as a windbreak and ornamental species. Natural populations of E. cladocalyx are endemic to South Australia where they occur in three disjunct regions. This study assessed the mating system and patterns of genetic diversity in natural populations of E. cladocalyx by using allozymes. Populations had relatively low levels of genetic diversity (HE = 0.148) and high levels of genetic divergence (θ = 0.26) among populations, similar to other regionally distributed eucalypts. Populations clustered into three distinct groups, which corresponded to its disjunct natural distribution. Genetic differentiation among populations and between regions was highly significant. Relatively high levels of inbreeding (tm = 0.57) were detected in natural populations of E.�cladocalyx. Outcrossing rates were highly variable among families, ranging from 0 to 100%. One-third of families from four populations had outcrossing rates that were not significantly different from zero. The origins of three commercially significant, cultivated stands of E. cladocalyx were also assessed. Allozyme profiles of cultivated stands from Wail and Lismore in western Victoria suggested origins in the Wirrabara region of the southern Flinders Ranges, while a cultivated stand of E. cladocalyx var. nana Hort. ex Yates had an allozyme profile consistent with origins in the Eyre Peninsula region. The results are discussed in relation to the species' morphological variation, biogeography and the implications for its domestication and conservation.
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Khan, Asim, Warda Asim, Anwaar Ulhaq, Bilal Ghazi, and Randall W. Robinson. "Health Assessment of Eucalyptus Trees Using Siamese Network from Google Street and Ground Truth Images." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112194.
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Urban greenery is an essential characteristic of the urban ecosystem, which offers various advantages, such as improved air quality, human health facilities, storm-water run-off control, carbon reduction, and an increase in property values. Therefore, identification and continuous monitoring of the vegetation (trees) is of vital importance for our urban lifestyle. This paper proposes a deep learning-based network, Siamese convolutional neural network (SCNN), combined with a modified brute-force-based line-of-bearing (LOB) algorithm that evaluates the health of Eucalyptus trees as healthy or unhealthy and identifies their geolocation in real time from Google Street View (GSV) and ground truth images. Our dataset represents Eucalyptus trees’ various details from multiple viewpoints, scales and different shapes to texture. The experiments were carried out in the Wyndham city council area in the state of Victoria, Australia. Our approach obtained an average accuracy of 93.2% in identifying healthy and unhealthy trees after training on around 4500 images and testing on 500 images. This study helps in identifying the Eucalyptus tree with health issues or dead trees in an automated way that can facilitate urban green management and assist the local council to make decisions about plantation and improvements in looking after trees. Overall, this study shows that even in a complex background, most healthy and unhealthy Eucalyptus trees can be detected by our deep learning algorithm in real time.
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Barros Asenjo, Santiago. "Ensayos de procedencias de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh en la zona semi árida de Chile." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 4, no. 2 (July 6, 1990): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.1990.138.
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En el año 1984 se establecieron cuatro ensayos de procedencias de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh en la zona semiárida chilena (32-34º LS), donde la precipitación media anual es de 300 a 700 mm y de régimen invernal. En estos ensayos se incluyeron 14 procedencias obtenidas de CSIRO Australia y los resultados obtenidos a las edades de 1 y 4 años se analizan en el presente trabajo. En todos los ensayos, sin excepción, los mejores resultados se obtienen con dos procedencias correspondientes a Lake Albacutya, Victoria
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COLLOFF, MATTHEW, and GISELLE PERDOMO. "New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)." Zootaxa 2217, no. 1 (September 2, 2009): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2217.1.1.
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Six new species of oribatid mite belonging to the genus Crotonia are described from wet forests in Victoria, Australia. Crotonia alpina sp. nov., C. cornuta sp. nov. and C. victoriae sp. nov. belong to the Capistrata species-group, having the full complement of notogastral setae in the c series; whilst C. momitoi sp. nov., C. blacki sp. nov. and C. gadubanudi sp. nov. are members of the Cophinaria species-group, lacking setae c 2 . The fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957), also a member of the Cophinaria group, is redescribed from Tertiary Kauri pine resin (Agathis yallournensis). The new members of the Capistrata group share an unique combination of characters, including long flagelliform setae c 3 , shorter setiform c 2 and with setae c 3 the shortest of the c series; lateral strips of the notogastral shield ornamented with fields of tubercles; narrow, blunt bothridial auriculae and elongate parallel apophyses of setae h 2 projecting horizontally. The morphological homogeneity of this cluster of species is mirrored by the members of the Cophinaria species-group described herein which, together with C. pyemaireneri Colloff, 2009 and C. tasmanica Łochyńska, 2008 from Tasmania, plus C. jethurmerae Lee, 1985 from South Australia, share relatively well-developed setae d 2 , a porose notogastral shield with narrow lateral tuberculate strips; elongate, acute bothridial auriculae; long, flagelliform setae p 1 and relatively short apophyses of setae h 2 , divergent apically, and projecting posteriodorsally. The Victorian members of the Capistrata andCophinaria species-groups represent two homogeneous clusters of species associated with temperate rainforest refugia and wet sclerophyll forest in high-rainfall zones. An identification key is provided to the Australian species of Crotonia.
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Weste, G., and DH Ashton. "Regeneration and Survival of Indigenous Dry Sclerophyll Species in the Brisbane Ranges, Victoria, After a Phytophthora cinnamomi Epidemic." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 2 (1994): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940239.
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Changes in the distribution of both pathogen and flora provided data on pathogen decline and on survival, colonisation and regeneration of plant species in defined plots in open dry sclerophyll forests of the Brisbane Ranges 23-30 years after invasion by Phytophthora cinnamomi. The density of the stringybark eucalypts (Eucalyptus informal subgenus Monocalyptus) which dominate the overstorey was halved on some plots. The survivors now show vigorous crown growth but few seedlings are present. Regeneration of the understorey occurred in three stages. Firstly, resistant sedges and then seedlings of resistant opportunists rapidly colonised ground left vacant by the destruction of the dominant understorey species, Xanthorrhoea australis. In the second stage, moderately susceptible species such as Banksia marginata and Grevillea steiglitziana resprouted from old stumps and prostrate legumes increased their ground cover. In the third stage some highly susceptible species, such as X. australis, Dillwynia glaberrima, Hibbertia stricta and Monotoca scoparia have regenerated from seed on sites previously badly affected by the pathogen. Some plants of these species have survived for 10 years, despite the continued presence of scattered pockets infected with of P. cinnamomi. However, Isopogon ceratophyllus, frequent in the understorey of the plot prior to disease, has not regenerated.
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Myers, BA, DH Ashton, and JA Osborne. "The Ecology of the Mallee Outlier of Eucalyptus behriana F. Muell. Near Melton, Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 1 (1986): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860015.
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An outlier of mallee vegetation occurs south of the Great Dividing Range in Victoria in a rain shadow region (annual rainfall approx. 500 mm) about 50 km west of Melbourne. A Eucalyptus behriana open-scrub with a sparse understorey of chenopods, mosses, lichens and some grasses occurs on solonetz soil on lateritized Tertiary sandy clays and on skeletal soils on Ordovician slates and sandstones. The dryness of the mallee site is probably exacerbated by the smaller rate of water infiltration and greater salinity of the solonetz soil under E. behriana compared with the solodic soil, in the moister area further north, under an open-forest of E. microcarpa. The multistemmed habit of E. behriana appears to be partly genetically fixed. Hollow lignotuberous rings, filled to a depth of about 15-25 cm with brown, nutrient-rich humus, are common. Pattern analysis of the distribution of stems of E. behriana indicated strong clumping at about 9 m², due to the multistemmed habit, and weaker clumping at about 600 m², which correlated with the size of groups of dense, spindly individuals of E. behriana, resulting from a past phase of gap regeneration.
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Chappill, J., PY Ladiges, and D. Boland. "Eucalyptus Aromaphloia Pryor & Willis ̵1 a Redefinition of Geographical and Morphological Boundaries." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 4 (1986): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860395.
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Adult and seedling morphological data collected for 37 populations referred to Eucalyptus aromaphloia Pryor & Willis have been analysed using a range of multivariate classification and ordination techniques. The analysis of adult leaf, bud and fruit morphology revealed only a subtle pattern of geographical variation of limited diagnostic significance. Differentiation in terms of seedling morphology was more marked, and four groups were identified. A relatively high incidence of character segregation in progeny from individual trees was observed and.the implications of this are discussed. Two of the four groups encompass seedlings with non-glaucous, narrow juvenile leaves and round stems. The first group comprises populations from the Little Desert and the Grampian Ranges west of the Mt William Range. The juvenile leaves are linear, sessile for many nodes and often become falcate after 15-20 nodes. The second group is a single population from east of Rylstone, north-west of Sydney. The juvenile leaves are lanceolate and become petiolate but not falcate after the 15th leaf node. This population was previously referred to E. corticosa L. Johnson. The third group is similar to the type of E. aromaphloia and populations were found only in west- central Victoria, from the Mt William Range in the Grampians east to the Brisbane Range near Melbourne. Seedlings are characterised by round stems and ovate, glaucous juvenile leaves that are sessile or subsessile for many leaf nodes. Thus E. aromaphloia s. str. has a more restricted distribution than previously described. The fourth group comprises populations from eastern Victoria where the juvenile leaves are non- glaucous, broad-lanceolate, distinctly petiolate by the 11th node and the stems are often square.
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Fahey, Patrick S., Frank Udovicic, David J. Cantrill, and Michael J. Bayly. "A box on the river: The phylogenetics and phylogeography of Eucalyptus baueriana (Eucalyptus sect. Adnataria ser. Heterophloiae)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): e0276117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276117.
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We present a phylogeographic study of the tree species Eucalyptus baueriana Schauer, which occurs in disjunct areas on the near coastal plains and ranges of the south-east Australian mainland. DArTseq data are used to build a phylogeny including E. baueriana and closely related taxa to test its monophyly, test the genetic distinctness of the three subspecies of E. baueriana, and investigate relationships between its disjunct populations. Additionally, we use population structure analysis to investigate the genetic distinctness of populations, and MaxEnt to investigate the environmental factors potentially influencing the species’ distribution. We show E. baueriana is monophyletic and most closely related to three other Blue Box eucalypt species: E. conica H.Deane & Maiden, E. dalveenica T.L.Collins, R.L.Andrew & J.J.Bruhl and E. magnificata L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill, with some evidence for genetic introgression between these taxa. Within E. baueriana, the deepest genetic breaks do not correspond with the subspecies classification as the two geographically restricted subspecies, together with samples of the more widespread E. baueriana subsp. baueriana from west of the Gippsland lowlands, form a south-western clade with that is sister to other populations of subsp. baueriana. The oldest genetic break in the species occurs in far eastern Gippsland (Victoria), corresponding to one of the shortest geographic disjunctions in the species’ distribution. Genetic breaks in other species have been observed in this region which is broadly referred to as the southern transition zone. Both total annual rainfall and the seasonality of this rainfall are hypothesised to affect the species’ distribution; gaps in its distribution are in areas of higher rainfall that support closed forest and in regions with more winter dominated rainfall.
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Ashton, DH. "Ecology of Bryophytic Communities in Mature Eucalyptus regnans F Muell Forest at Wallaby Creek, Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 2 (1986): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860107.
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Bryophytic communities in plateau forests of mature Eucalyptus regnans are distributed according to substrate type and microclimate, whereas those in gully rainforests are more catholic. Objective classification of releves indicated the extent to which groupings are shared between these major topographic sites and the degree to which their distribution is mediated by differences in microclimate. Communities on many substrates in E. regnans forests are either seral to a fern floor 'climax' or exhibit pattern and process cycles of regenerative stability.
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Sluiter, Ian R. K., Andrew Schweitzer, and Ralph Mac Nally. "Spinifex–mallee revegetation: implications for restoration after mineral-sands mining in the Murray–Darling Basin." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 6 (2016): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15265.
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Mineral-sands mining in the semiarid and arid zone of south-eastern Australia is now a widespread disturbance that may adversely affect large areas of remnant vegetation, including mallee (Eucalyptus spp.) with hummock grass or spinifex (Triodia scariosa) understorey. No broad-scale restoration projects have been undertaken to revegetate mallee Eucalyptus species with spinifex. We report on the survivorship and relative importance (spatial coverage) of hand-planted tubestock 10 years after establishment in 2001, which included mallee Eucalyptus, Triodia scariosa, Acacia spp. and Hakea spp. These taxa are the dominant plants in a semiarid dune–swale system on a former mineral-sands mine licence area in semiarid, north-western Victoria. Mean survivorship of tubestock was 0.58 ± 0.04. Spinifex (Triodia scariosa), needlewood (Hakea) and several mallee species (Eucalyptus spp.) survived substantially better than the average of all tubestock-planted species, although Acacia spp. had low survivorships. Although the plantings were undertaken in the early stages of the most severe drought in the instrumental record (the ‘Millennium drought’), several taxa survived well and species such as spinifex established and developed ground coverage greater than the benchmark values for the ecological vegetation class of the location. We conclude that hand-planting of tubestock can achieve restoration objectives for this component of spinifex–mallee vegetation, even under extremely arduous conditions associated with long-term drought. We also herald the importance of taking a long-term view to the assessment of revegetation success, in this case 10 years.
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J. Kennedy, Simon, and Christopher L. Tzaros. "Foraging ecology of the Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor in the box-ironbark forests and woodlands of Victoria." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 3 (2005): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050158.
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The foraging ecology of the Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor in the box-ironbark forests and woodlands of Victoria was investigated over three years. We sought to identify features that characterized Swift Parrot foraging habitats. A total of 159 foraging sites was found, mainly in box-ironbark forests or nearby woodlands, and were located at a disproportionately high frequency on drainage lines, and a correspondingly low frequency on ridges. The species was observed foraging on 12 eucalypt and one Acacia species, but more than 90% of observations were of birds using Red Ironbark Eucalyptus tricarpa, Mugga Ironbark E. sideroxylon, Yellow Gum E. leucoxylon or Grey Box E. microcarpa. Nectar, lerp and other food from eucalypt foliage were frequent dietary items. Foraging and random sites were broadly similar in tree size-class structure. However, Swift Parrots selected trees in larger size classes for foraging more often than expected given the relative abundance of such trees. Larger trees flowered more reliably across the study area in all years. The habitat of the Swift Parrot in the study area is extensively fragmented and degraded, and management to increase the density of larger trees is recommended. We found considerable between-year variation in regional distribution and relative use of prinCipal tree species. The five identified regions within the study area all supported a significant percentage of the population in at least one of the three years. As a result, recovery measures will need to target important sites across the geographical extent of the study area.
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Alvear S., Carlos, and Braulio Gutiérrez Caro. "Crecimiento hasta los 42 - 44 meses de edad y estimación de parámetros genéticos de 23 procedencias y 196 familias de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Denh en cuatro sitios de la zona central de Chile." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 9, no. 1 (July 8, 1995): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.1995.212.
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Se analiza la variación en crecimiento juvenil y sobrevivencia a los 42-44 meses de edad, de 196 familias australianas y dos testigos nacionales de Eucalyptus camaldulensis establecidas en cuatro sitios de la zona central de Chile (32º-35º Lat. Sur). También se estiman heredabilidades individuales para las características de crecimiento y las correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas entre estas variables. Se constata la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre procedencias y dentro de estas, confirmándose a algunas familias procedentes de los lagos Hindmarsh y Albacutya, del estado de Victoria, como las de mayor crecimiento. Las heredabilidades individuales asociadas a las variables de crecimiento son en general bajas, sugiriendo que las ganancias genéticas que pueden lograrse en base a selección individual y propagación por semillas serán escasas. Se concluye que un índice de selección aplicado a nivel de familias es la estrategia más adecuada para un programa de mejoramiento genético de la especie, y que la selección debe orientarse principalmente a familias procedentes del estado de Victoria.
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Ellis, WAH, A. Melzer, B. Green, K. Newgrain, MA Hindell, and FN Carrick. "Seasonal-Variation in Water Flux, Field Metabolic-Rate and Food-Consumption of Free-Ranging Koalas (Phascolarctos-Cinereus)." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 1 (1995): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950059.
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Mass-corrected field metabolic rates of free-ranging male koalas in central Queensland, Australia, varied between 0.329 MJ kg0.75 day-1 in summer and 0.382 MJ kg0.75 day-1 in winter. Field water influx measured 50.8 mL kg-0.8 day-1 in winter, increasing to 59.9 mL kg0.8 day-1 in summer for the same koalas, and was positively correlated with values for leaf moisture of food. Winter rates of water influx for koalas from Springsure were lower than those recorded for koalas from Victoria for the same period of the year. Mass-corrected feeding rates were lower in summer than winter; wet food intake was significantly lower than reported for similar sized female koalas from Victoria. The preferred browse was Eucalyptus crebra in winter and E. tereticornis in summer. Our study indicates that in central Queensland seasonal changes in diet selection by male koalas reflect increased energy requirements in winter and increased water requirements in summer.
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Marginson, JC, and PY Ladiges. "Geographical variation in Eucalyptus baxteri s.l. and the recognition of a new species, E. arenacea." Australian Systematic Botany 1, no. 2 (1988): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9880151.
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Morphological variation in Eucalyptus baxteri (Benth.) Maiden & Blakely ex Black is described throughout its range. There are two geographical forms, the principal differences between which are seedling morphology and the time of transition from juvenile to intermediate growth phase. The forms are hereby recognised as two species. E. baxteri s.str. has adult leaves broad near the apex, warty flower buds, often large fruits, and an early transition to intermediate foliage. It occurs in South Australia on Kangaroo Island, Fleurieu Peninsula, Barossa Range and near Wandilo, and in Victoria on the Grampian Ranges, Great Dividing Range and coastal areas, E. arenacea sp. nov. has tapering adult leaves, generally more slender, non-warty flower buds with longer, narrower pedicels and peduncles. Fruits are generally smaller with the disc less raised. Seedlings typically show a later transition to the intermediate foliage. It occurs on Mt Stapylton in the Grampian Ranges and the desert sand country of north-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. It is parapatric with E. baxteri on Kangaroo Island and Fleurieu Peninsula, and is restricted to sand deposits. A previous cladistic analysis suggested that E. baxteri s.l. is paraphyletic, E. arenacea sp. nov. being the sister taxon to E. baxteri s.str. and E. akina (an endemic of the Grampian Ranges). A sequence of evolutionary events is hypothesised by using the cladogram, the distribution of the taxa on different soils, and the geological history of the region.
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Newnham, MR, PY Ladiges, and T. Whiffin. "Origin of the Grampians Shining Peppermint ̵1 a New Subspecies of Eucalyptus willisii Ladiges, Humphries & Brooker." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 3 (1986): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860331.
Full textAbstract:
Adult morphology, seedling morphology and leaf volatile oil composition are described for a peppermint eucalypt (Eucalyptus aff. willisin restricted to the Grampians, Victoria. Populations were compared with E. willisii collected from Mt Richmond and Wilson's Promontory and the ash, E. pauciflora, collected from the Grampians. Three data sets were independently analysed by using multivariate classification and ordination techniques in order to test the hypothesis that introgression has occurred between E. willisii and E. pauciflora in the Grampians. The hypothesis of introgression was not supported. The Grampians peppermint is a uniform and distinct entity which is not overall intermediate between E. willisii and E. pauciflora. It is typified by large obconical fruit; adult leaves with low oil gland density and a distinctive leaf volatile oil composition; and seedlings which display early intranode development, petiole formation and twisting, and leaves with tapering bases. The Grampians peppermint has probably evolved from a small founder population of E. willisii (or a common ancestor) that has diverged in isolation. The presence of a few 'ash' characters in the Grampians peppermint is here considered to be due to convergent evolution, in the direction of E. pauciflora. The Grampians peppermint is described as a new subspecies.
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Ashton, D. H. "The Big Ash forest, Wallaby Creek, Victoria— changes during one lifetime." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 1 (2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt98045.
Full textAbstract:
In 1949 the area of mature Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell1 (the Big Ash) on the Hume Range, Victoria, was a largely even-aged 230-year-old forest with a component of the overstorey derived from a fire in 1851. Subsequent fires have resulted in patchy regeneration where suitable gaps in the overstorey were present. In 1949 three main types of the understorey were present: type A, mature Pomaderris aspera; type B, dense immature Pomaderris aspera; and type C, coppiced Olearia argophylla and Bedfordia arborescens. In type A, ground fern was patchy and statistically correlated with patches of lower density Pomaderris aspera. Over a period of 48 years the eucalypt overstorey has been depleted by death and windthrow while understorey trees and shrubs have been severely damaged by sporadic heavy snowfalls and insect and fungal attack. The type A understorey is now showing signs of changing to Olearia argophylla dominance and the cover of ground fern and tree fern strata has doubled to more than 80% over this period in spite of damage caused by infrequent, but severe, droughts. The type B understorey is now mature and resembles type A, while the type C understorey shows invasion by Pomaderris aspera and regeneration of Olearia argophylla. No successful establishment of E. regnans has occurred. The rainforest in the gullies consists of alternating patches of forest and tree fern groves, the latter, together with rotting logs and upthrown root balls, providing niches for rainforest tree establishment. In swampy flats of Leptospermum grandifolium on the plateau Atherosperma moschatum is becoming increasingly dominant. Atherosperma moschatum is also invading mature understorey adjacent to riparian communities. This species and Olearia argophylla may constitute the final stage of the long secondary succession after fire in the Big Ash area. However, the Hume Range is adjacent to drier foothills and plains to the north, west and south. Whether the Big Ash will be spared from fire in future centuries is very doubtful.
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Jordan, GJ, BM Potts, JB Kirkpatrick, and C. Gardiner. "Variation in the Eucalyptus globulus Complex Revisited." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 6 (1993): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930763.
Full textAbstract:
Patterns of variation in the Eucalyptus globulus Labill. complex are reassessed by combining capsule measurements from an earlier study with recent collections, mainly of subspecies globulus. Four groups of populations are apparent and can be ascribed to the four subspecies maidenii, pseudoglobulus, bicostata and globulus. Intergrade populations between the latter three subspecies are widespread and mainly occur in the Otway Ranges and west Gippsland. There is a continuum in capsule morphology between the three-fruited subspecies, pseudoglobulus and bicostata. Subspecies globulus intergrades with these three-fruited intermediates. Three-fruited intergrade populations occuning north and south of the range of core pseudoglobulus can be differentiated and probably represent intergrades between pseudoglobulus and bicostata and between pseudoglobulus and globulus respectively. Reports of bicostata in the Furneaux Group and southern Victoria are thus probably erroneous and result from convergence in capsule morphology. The previously described taxon E. stjohnii (R. T. Bak.) R. T. Bak. is part of the continuum between subspecies pseudoglobulus and bicostata, but closer to pseudoglobulus. Populations phenotypically intermediate between and significantly different from globulus and the three-fruited intergrades are highly variable and occur in western Tasmania, on the northern end of Flinders Island, in the Otway Ranges and in west Gippsland. An isolated population on Rodondo Island is highly variable and has closest affinities to pseudoglobulus despite being within the geographical range of core globulus. The population from King Island is intermediate between the Otway phenotype and core globulus. The climatic regimes of the subspecies are markedly different and most three-fruited and globulus intergrade populations have closer climatic affinities to pseudoglobulus and globulus respectively. Hypotheses relating to the origin of the pattern of variation in E. globulus are discussed.
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Rapley, Luke P., Geoff R. Allen, and Brad M. Potts. "Genetic variation in Eucalyptus globulus in relation to susceptibility from attack by the southern eucalypt leaf beetle, Chrysophtharta agricola." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 6 (2004): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04007.
Full textAbstract:
The southern eucalypt leaf beetle, Chrysophtharta agricola (Chapuis), is an outbreak insect pest of commercial Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations in south-eastern Australia. We surveyed a young E. globulus family trial in southern Tasmania to determine whether genetic variation existed in the susceptibility of trees to C. agricola field oviposition. The family trial consisted of 225 families, derived from open-pollinated seed collected from native stands at 24 different localities, representing nine geographic subraces. The survey showed that E. globulus subraces from Victoria were significantly more susceptible to C. agricola oviposition than Tasmanian subraces. Significant additive genetic variation within subraces was evident for the number of egg batches, larval clutches and their combination (infestation level), although these heritability scores were all low (egg batches h2op = 0.09; larval clutches h2op = 0.14 and infestation level h2op = 0.11). Subsequent tree defoliation was significantly positively correlated with infestation at a phenotypic, genetic and environmental level. No significant differences in C. agricola oviposition on foliage sprigs was detected among subraces in an ex situ caged oviposition experiment. However, the cage experiment proved to be a good predictor of field oviposition, accounting for 70 and 88% of variation in field oviposition among localities and subraces, respectively.
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Infante L., Pedro, and José Antonio Prado D. "Crecimiento juvenil de 32 procedencias y 203 familias de Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus en la zona costera de la VIII Región de Chile." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 5, no. 2 (July 6, 1991): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.1991.155.
Full textAbstract:
La supervivencia y desarrollo de 32 procedencias y 203 familias de Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus que cubren gran parte de la distribución natural de la especie, se evalúan en un ensayo de procedencias y progenies establecido en la provincia de Arauco, Chile. Veinte meses después de la plantación se encuentran diferencias significativas entre procedencias y familias, tanto en altura como en diámetro. Aún cuando no hay un patrón de variación geográfica bien definido, estos resultados indican que las mejores procedencias corresponden al sudeste de Tasmania, las islas Cape Barren y Flinders, en el estrecho de Bass y Otway, en Victoria. La fuente de semillas local fue superada por 15 procedencias naturales.