Academic literature on the topic 'Eucalyptus pilularis'

O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar e comparar a massa específica básica e aparente a 12% de umidade e os coeficientes de contração radial, tangencial e volumétrico de cinco espécies e um híbrido de eucalipto. As amostras de Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis e Eucalyptus resinifera foram retiradas de árvores com 17 anos; as de Eucalyptus grandis, de árvores com 14 anos; e as de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, de árvores com oito anos, todas plantadas no litoral norte de Santa Catarina. A madeira do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla e a de Eucalyptus grandis e de Eucalyptus pilularis classificam-se como leve, e a das demais espécies é classificada como madeira moderadamente pesada. Independentemente da contração analisada, os grupos formados na comparação de médias foram os mesmos. Os coeficientes de contração radial de Eucalyptus cloeziana e Eucalyptus resinifera são altos; já os coeficientes de contração tangencial e volumétrico de Eucalyptus grandis e volumétrico de Eucalyptus pilularis são baixos; e os demais podem ser classificados como médios. A variação na massa específica não é acompanhada de proporcional variação nos coeficientes de contração, resultando em baixas e moderadas correlações entre essas variáveis, apesar de significativas.Palavras-chave: Propriedades físicas; contração; Eucalyptus; Corymbia. AbstractSpecific gravity and shrinkage coefficients of wood of six species of eucalypts cultivated on the coast of Santa Catarina. This work aims at determining and comparing the basic and 12% moisture content specific gravity and radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of five species and a hybrid of eucalypts. The samples of Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus resinifera were extracted from 17 years old trees; ones of Eucalyptus grandis from 14 years old trees and the ones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla from eight years old trees, all of them planted on the North Coast of Santa Catarina State. The wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, of the Eucalyptus grandis and of the Eucalyptus pilularis can be classified as light, the others can be classified as moderately heavy. Independently on the shrinkage analyzed, the groups formed during the multiple mean comparing are the same. The radial shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus cloeziana and that of Eucalyptus resinifera are high. However, the tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of Eucalyptus grandis and the volumetric shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus pilularis are low; the others can be classified as medium. The variation on specific gravity is not followed by proportional variation on the shrinkage coefficients, resulting in low and moderate correlations between coefficients even tough significant.Keywords: Physical properties; shrinkage coefficients; Eucalyptus; Corymbia.

AbstractMicrosatellite markers remain the most broadly used molecular marker in eucalypt genetics. A major advantage of microsatellite markers is that they often transfer readily between related taxa circumventing the need to develop new markers de novo in each species. Markers have been developed for a number of species of major economic importance, mainly from the Subgenus Symphyomyrtus, but these may also be available for use in species of lesser economic importance from other subgenera. Here we report on the sourcing of microsatellite markers for E. pilularis (Subgenus Eucalyptus (Formerly Monocalyptus)) from species outside the subgenus. Ninety-seven precent (60 out of 62) of loci that amplified in the source taxon (E. grandis) also amplified in the target taxon E. pilularis. By characterising them on a diversity panel (n=24) and a pedigree, a subset of 41 loci were distilled out that could be scored reliably and were polymorphic (Mean unbiased heterozygosity= 0.81). Predictions of efficient microsatellite marker transfer among eucalypts based on low evolutionary divergence have largely been borne out and are congruent with accumulating evidence of low sequence divergence within Eucalyptus. Upon this favourable background for microsatellite marker transfer, this study indicates highly efficient transfer is possible by identifying loci with broad PCR optima and adoption of approaches that favour cross-species transfer.

RESUMO Neste estudo avaliou-se a fertilidade do solo, a biomassa e atividade microbiológica do solo sob coberturas florestais de Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus cloeziana e Corymbia maculata; Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, com 40 anos de idade, e um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, localizados no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras. Em amostras de solo coletadas na camada de 0-5 cm foram determinados parâmetros de fertilidade, a respiração basal e o carbono de biomassa microbiana. Os resultados mostraram que as espécies E. grandis e E. cloeziana mantiveram teores de carbono de biomassa microbiana mais elevados dentre os ecossistemas avaliados e iguais àqueles observados sob a floresta nativa. Em contraste, o solo sob pinus apresentou os menores índices microbiológicos. Sob C. maculata e E. pilularis os teores foram intermediários para este parâmetro. A respiração basal de todos os ecossistemas foi igual. O nível de fertilidade foi extremanente baixo sob todos os tipos de cobertura vegetal avaliados.

Eucalypt mycorrhizae were synthesized in non-sterile plastic growth pouches. Mycorrhizae occurred on second-order roots 6-9 days after inoculation of seedlings. External morphology and internal anatomy of mycorrhizae are similar to those produced in soil. The growth pouch is particularly useful for observing the development of mycorrhizae and sampling tissues of known ectomycorrhizae without disturbing the root system. For these reasons, as well as the rapidity of ectomycorrhizal synthesis, this method represents an important advance in technology. Five strains of Pisolithus tinctorius were tested in growth pouches and found to form ectomycorrhizae with Eucalyptus pilularis.

We aimed to evaluate the in vitro establishment of nodal segments of Eucalyptus pilularis Smith considering two origins of tissues (Or1 - epicormic shoots collected from pruned branches of selected adult trees; Or2 - shoots collected from seminal mini-stumps) and four inoculation methods (Me1 - culture medium supplemented with 0.5 g L-1 activated charcoal; Me2 - culture medium supplemented with 800 mg L-1 PVP30; Me3 - exposure to light for 30 days; Me4 - exposure to dark for 7 days). At 30 days after the in vitro inoculation of tissues, there was no establishment of tissues from epicormic shoots (Or1). Or2 resulted in lower percentages of tissue oxidation and contamination by microorganisms, in addition to having presented establishment and formation of shoots. Me1 resulted in a lower mean tissue oxidation, although it differed statistically only from Me4. An origin of the tissues of ontogenetic age was a determining factor for the successful in vitro establishment of E. pilularis. The use of the Or2 origin and the Me1, Me2, and Me3 methods are recommended to reduce phenolic oxidation of tissues in the in vitro establishment. Keywords: antioxidant agents; exposure to light; epicormic shoots; tissue oxidation. Idade ontogenética e métodos de inoculação para o estabelecimento in vitro de Eucalyptus pilularis Smith RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o estabelecimento in vitro de segmentos nodais de Eucalyptus pilularis considerando duas origens de tecidos (Or1 - brotos epicórmicos coletados em galhos podados de matrizes adultas e Or2 - brotos coletados de minicepas seminais) e quatro métodos de inoculação (Me1 - meio de cultura suplementado com 0,5 g L-1 de carvão ativado, Me2 - meio de cultura suplementado com 800 mg L-1 de PVP30, Me3 - exposição à luminosidade por trinta dias e Me4 - exposição em ambiente com ausência de luminosidade por sete dias). Aos 30 dias após a inoculação in vitro dos tecidos, constatou-se que não houve estabelecimento de tecidos oriundos da Or1. A utilização de segmentos nodais provenientes da Or2 resultou em menores percentuais de oxidação e de contaminação por microrganismos, além de ter apresentado estabelecimento e emissão de brotos. O uso do Me1 resultou em menor média de oxidação, embora tenha diferido estatisticamente somente do Me4. A origem dos tecidos associada à idade ontogenética foi um fator determinante para o sucesso do estabelecimento in vitro de E. pilularis. Recomenda-se a utilização da Or2 e dos métodos Me1, Me2 e Me3 a fim de reduzir a oxidação fenólica dos tecidos durante o estabelecimento in vitro. Palavras-chave: agentes antioxidantes; exposição à luminosidade; brotos epicórmicos; oxidação de tecidos.

Pruning of live branches is performed to enhance wood quality in plantation trees. Stem, branch and wood properties may be altered following pruning from below, but the extent and duration of such effects are unknown for many plantation Eucalyptus species. The effect of 0%, 20%, 50%, and 70% green crown length removal on growth and wood quality was examined in 3.5-year-old plantation-grown Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. (blackbutt) and Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. (Gympie messmate) trees on two subtropical sites in eastern Australia. Growth increment of the stem at breast height was not affected by 20% crown removal. However, stem increment at breast height was reduced for up to 8 months with 50% crown removal and up to 12 months with 70% crown removal. Pruning had no impact on height growth. However, the height of trees pruned to 70%, relative to the height of the surrounding unpruned trees, was temporarily reduced 12 months after pruning in both species. Stem form, stem taper, wood density, and residual branch growth above the pruned zone were unaffected by pruning. Owing to the fast vertical crown expansion, trees were able to rapidly compensate for leaf area removal without long-term reductions in stem growth. The implications for management operations utilizing pruning as a means of enhancing timber quality are discussed.

Orientador: Paulo Henrique Müller da Silva<br>Banca: Leo Zimback<br>Banca: Rinaldo Cesar de Paula<br>Resumo: A introdução de espécies possibilita obter alternativas aos desafios do setor florestal: como estresses bióticos e abióticos, novas exigências de mercado e contribuir com contínuo ganho de produtividade. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: conhecer o crescimento incial e parâmetros genéticos de populações de Corymbia henryi (CH), C. citriodora variegata (CCV), C. maculata (CM) e Eucalyptus pilularis; estudar e comparar a resistência à ferrugem (Austropuccinia psidii) em progênies de E. pilularis em condições ambientais controladas e em campo. Os ensaios de Corymbia spp. foram testes de procedências sem a estrutura de progênies, sendo uma população para cada espécie. Nesses testes foram avaliadas a altura de plantas aos 6,9 e 13 meses após o plantio e diâmetro à altura do peito aos 13 meses. Em E. pilularis foi mensurada a altura e sobrevivência de plantas aos 7 meses após o plantio. Após as mensurações, foram realizadas as análises de deviance à 5% de significância para verificar diferença entre os materiais genéticos e entre parcelas. Posteriormente, os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrição/melhor predição linear não viciada (REML/BLUP). Com o E. pilularis também foi avaliado a resistência à ferrugem, sendo realizada a inoculação de A. psidii em condições ambientais controladas em 20 progênies. No campo, a resistência à ferrugem foi avaliada mensalmente de julho a outubro de 2017. CH, CCV e CM apresentaram crescimento inicial ráp... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The introduction of species makes it possible to obtain alternatives to the challenges of the forestry sector: such as biotic and abiotic stresses, new market requirements and contribute to continuous productivity gains. This work aimed: to know the growth and initial genetic parameters of populations of Corymbia henryi (CH), C. citriodora variegata (CCV), C. maculata (CM) and Eucalyptus pilularis; to study and compare resistance to rust (Austropuccinia psidii) in progenies of E. pilularis under controlled and field environmental conditions. The trials of Corymbia spp. were tests of provenances without the structure of progenies, being a population for each species. In these trials the height of plants at 6, 9 and 13 months after planting were evaluated. Diameter at breast height height (DBH) at 13 months were evaluated. In E. pilularis the height and survival of plants at 7 months after planting were measured. After the measurements, the deviance analyzes were carried out at 5% of significance to verify the difference between genetic material and between plots. Afterwards, the genetic parameters were estimated by the method of Restriction Maximum Likelihood / Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML / BLUP). E. pilularis was evaluated for resistance to rust, and inoculation of A. psidii was carried out under controlled environmental conditions in 20 progenies. Rust resistance in the field was evaluated monthly from July to October 2017. CH, CCV and CM showed rapid initial growth and high plant survival. CH showed significant origin effect only at 6 months. This species presented high and moderate heritability values of the mean of provenances (H²mp) in height and survival in the three seasons. CCV and CM presented low values of H²mp for all seasons of height evaluation and plant survival. DAP presented low H²mp in all three species. E. pilularis presented initial growth of 1.47 m and survival of 98%. ...<br>Mestre

This research examines the drying of hardwood timber with particular reference to seasoning blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) in a solar kiln. The aims of this research were to develop an optimised drying schedule for drying blackbutt and to develop and validate a mathematical model for a solar kiln. In the first stage of this study, the cross-grain physical and mechanical properties were determined for blackbutt timber so that an optimised schedule (based on drying within a limiting strain envelope) can be developed using model predictive control techniques for drying 43 mm thick (green) blackbutt timber boards in solar kilns. This optimised schedule has been developed and tested in the laboratory. The drying time was 10% shorter for this schedule than the original schedule, compared with an expected reduction in drying time of 14% (relative to the original schedule). Overall the quality was slightly better and the drying time was shorter for the optimised schedule compared with the original schedule. A complete solar kiln model has been developed and validated based on comparisons between the predicted and the measured internal air temperatures, relative humidities and timber moisture contents. The maximum difference between the actual and predicted moisture contents was 0.05 kg/kg. The agreement between the predicted and measured temperatures of the internal air is reasonable, and both the predictions and measurements have a similar cyclical pattern. The generally good agreement between the model prediction of the final moisture content and its measurement may be due to the careful measurement of the boundary conditions such as the solar energy input. The key uncertainties were identified as the heat exchanger output, the measurement of the initial moisture content, the amount of accumulation of condensate on the floor, and the estimation of sky temperature. The significant uncertainty (18%) in the estimation of the initial moisture content is a key reason for the mismatch between the model prediction and the measurements. In terms of operating variables, the energy release rate from the heat exchanger had the greatest effect on the simulated performance, followed by the water spray and venting rates. The simulation suggested that a material with a lower transmissivity to thermal radiation may effectively lower radiation losses, improving the kiln performance, so such materials for glazing is a high priority.