Relevant bibliographies by topics / Eucalypt forest

Academic literature on the topic 'Eucalypt forest'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Eucalypt forest"

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Majer, Jonathan D., and Harry F. Recher. "Are eucalypts Brazil's friend or foe? An entomological viewpoint." Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 28, no. 2 (June 1999): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0301-80591999000200001.

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Vast areas of Brazil are being planted to Eucalyptus in order to provide renewable sources of timber, charcoal and cellulose. Although the rapid growth and productivity of various Eucalyptus species undoubtedly relaxes the pressure on logging of native forests, there are ecological costs. Firstly, some eucalypt species are vulnerable to pest outbreaks. A large number of native Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and leaf-cutting ants (Atta spp.), some of which have become pests, have been found on eucalypts growing in Brazil. Probably, the diverse myrtaceous flora of South America supports a fauna that can adapt to the introduced Eucalyptus species. Secondly, the leaf litter produced under Eucalyptus plantations differs substantially from that of native forests both in terms of its physical structure and chemistry, posing a range of problems for the native decomposer fauna. If microarthropod diversity is reduced, nutrient cycling could be impeded under eucalypt plantations. Thirdly, native forest canopies support a massive diversity and biomass of arthropods on which many birds, reptiles and mammals depend for food. The evidence is that invertebrate biomass and diversity are greatly reduced in the canopies of exotic eucalypt plantations. This, in turn, reduces the food-base on which forest arthropods and other animals depend, and hence their conservation status. This paper reviews the evidence for adverse ecological effects in Brazilian eucalypt plantations and suggests ways in which Brazil might meet its forestry needs, while conserving forest invertebrates and the vertebrates that depend on them.
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Kelley, G., A. P. O'Grady, L. B. Hutley, and D. Eamus. "A comparison of tree water use in two contiguous vegetation communities of the seasonally dry tropics of northern Australia: the importance of site water budget to tree hydraulics." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 7 (2007): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07021.

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Tree water use in two contiguous communities (eucalypt open-forest and Melaleuca paperbark forest) was measured in tropical Australia, over a 2-year period. The aims of the study were to (1) quantify daily and seasonal patterns of water use in each community, (2) compare patterns of water use among the communities and (3) compare relationships among tree size, sapwood area and water use within the two contrasting vegetation communities. Access to deep soil water stores and the effect of run-on from the eucalypt forest resulted in a relatively high pre-dawn water potential throughout the year, particularly for Melaleuca forest. There were no differences in daily rates of water use, expressed on a sapwood area (Q s) basis, between the two eucalypt species examined (Eucalyptus miniata Cunn. Ex Schauer and E. tetrodonta F.Muell) at any time in the eucalypt forest. For both the eucalypt and Melaleuca forests, there was less seasonal variation in water use expressed on a leaf area (Q l) basis than on a Q s basis, and neither year nor season were significant factors in Q l. In the mono-specific Melaleuca forest, Q s was not significantly different between years or seasons. Water use on a Q l basis was similarly not significantly different between years or seasons in the Melaleuca forest. Leaf area index (LAI) of the eucalypt forest was about half of that of the Melaleuca forest throughout the year but sapwood area per hectare was 33% larger in the eucalypt than the Melaleuca forest, despite the basal area of the Melaeuca forest being almost double that of the eucalypt forest. There was no significant difference in stand water use (mm day–1) between eucalypt and Melaleuca forests during 1998; however, in 1999 Melaleuca stand water use was larger than that of the eucalypt forest. Because of the enhanced dry-season availability of water in the Melaleuca forest and its larger LAI, average annual water use of the Melaleuca forest was almost 60% larger than that of the eucalypt forest. Despite differences in Q l, Q s and annual water use between forests, the ratio of LAI to stand water use was similar for all seasons in both forests. The applicability of ‘universal rules’ linking tree water use and tree hydraulics and the importance of ecosystem location on site water budgets and plant adaptations are discussed.
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Prior, Lynda D., Grant J. Williamson, and David M. J. S. Bowman. "Impact of high-severity fire in a Tasmanian dry eucalypt forest." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 3 (2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15259.

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Dry eucalypt forests are believed to be highly fire tolerant, but their response to fire is not well quantified. We measured the effect of high-severity fires in dry eucalypt forest in the Tasmanian Midlands, the driest region on the island. We compared stand structures and fuel loads in long-unburnt (>15 years since fire) and recently burnt (<5 years since fire) sites that had been completely defoliated. Even in unburnt plots, 37% of eucalypt stems and 56% of acacia stems ≥5 cm in diameter were dead, possibly because of antecedent drought. The density of live eucalypt stems was 37% lower overall in burnt than in unburnt plots, compared with 78% lower for acacias. Whole-plant mortality caused by fire was estimated at 25% for eucalypt trees and 33% for acacias. Fire stimulated establishment of both eucalypt and acacia seedlings, although some seedlings and saplings were present in long-unburnt plots. The present study confirmed that eucalypts in dry forests are more tolerant of fire than the obligate seeder eucalypts in wet forests. However, there were few live mature stems remaining in some burnt plots, suggesting that dry eucalypt forests could be vulnerable to increasingly frequent, severe fires.
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Dodson, JR, and CA Myers. "Vegetation and Modern Pollen Rain From the Barrington Tops and Upper Hunter River Regions of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 3 (1986): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860293.

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Vegetation was mapped using existing maps, Landsat interpretation, aerial photograph interpretation and some verification by ground surveys. Twenty-five moss cushions were collected to identify pollen rain and pollen indicators of vegetation for use in fossil pollen interpretation. Eucalyptus (10%), Poaceae (4-10%), Casuarina (4-5%), Asteraceae (Tubuliflorae) (0-4%) and Cyperaceae (0-2%) were the general components in the pollen rain of the region. Subtropical rain forest was characterized by Backhousia and low values of a wide range of taxa. Cool temperate rain forest had Nothofagus values above 40% and Eucalyptus values below 20%. Subalpine grasslands had Poaceae values above 45%, Eucalyptus values below 15% and small quantities of Epacridaceae and Goodeniaceae pollen. Subalpine forest and wet eucalypt forest formations had very similar pollen representation and could be confused in pollen spectra. However, Monotoca, Banksia, Leptospermum pollen and fern spores were more common in the wet eucalypt forests. Dry eucalypt formations were characterized by 2-20% values of Bursaria, Callitris and Dodonaea as well as eucalypt values.
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Barrett, DJ, TJ Hatton, JE Ash, and MC Ball. "Transpiration by Trees From Contrasting Forest Types." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 3 (1996): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960249.

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Temperate rainforests and eucalypt forests of coastal south-eastern Australia are distributed differentially with aspect. Rainforests, in which Ceratopetalum apetalum D.Don and Doryphora sassafras Endl. are the dominant tree species, occur on slopes of southerly aspect and along gully bottoms, whereas eucalypt forests, dominated by Eucalyptus maculata Hook., occur on upper slopes of northerly aspect and on ridge tops. Whether transpiration rates of trees differed across the rainforest-eucalypt forest boundary on north and south facing aspects was tested by measuring stem sap flow in trees in a single catchment during winter, summer and autumn. Differences in transpiration rate by trees in these stands were due to various combinations of biological and physical factors. Firstly, mean maximum transpiration rate per tree (crown area basis) was greater in rainforest on the gully bottom where deep soil water from down-slope drainage was greater than in eucalypt forest located upslope on the northern aspect. By contrast, there was no difference between maximum transpiration rates in rainforest and eucalypt forest on the southern aspect. Variation in transpiration rate between seasons was not related to variation in surface soil moisture content (< 0.35 m depth). Secondly, transpiration rates per unit crown area in rainforest at the gully bottom were associated with higher leaf area indices than upslope on the northern aspect. However, in rainforest upslope on the southern aspect, higher transpiration rates were not associated with higher leaf area indices. Thirdly, trees in eucalypt forest maintained similar sapwood moisture contents in summer as in winter and autumn, whereas sapwood moisture contents declined in rainforest trees in summer, suggesting that eucalypts had access to water from deep within the soil profile which was unavailable to more shallow rooting rainforest trees. Fourthly, higher modal and maximal sap velocities in eucalypt trees were partly due to wider xylem vessels and resulted in faster maximum sap flow and greater daily total water use in all seasons on both aspects than in rainforest species. Finally, as atmospheric demand for water increased from winter to summer, transpiration rates were mediated by stomata1 closure as indicated by lower average midday shoot conductance to water vapour during summer than other seasons. The interaction between microenvironment, which deteimines water availability, and physiological attsibutes, which determine tree water acquisition and use, may contribute to the differential distribution of rainforest and eucalypt forest with aspect in south-eastern Australia.
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Winoto-Lewin, Suyanti, Jennifer Sanger, and James Kirkpatrick. "Propensities of Old Growth, Mature and Regrowth Wet Eucalypt Forest, and Eucalyptus nitens Plantation, to Burn During Wildfire and Suffer Fire-Induced Crown Death." Fire 3, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3020013.

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There are conflicting conclusions on how the flammability of wet eucalypt forests changes in the time after disturbances such as logging or wildfire. Some conclude that forests are most flammable in the decades following disturbance, while others conclude that disturbance has no effect on flammability. The comparative flammability of Eucalyptus nitens plantations in the same environment as wet eucalypt forest is not known. We determined fire incidence and fire severity in regrowth, mature and old growth wet eucalypt forest, and E. nitens plantation, in the Huon Valley, Tasmania after the January–February 2019 wildfire. To control for topographic variation and fire weather, we randomly selected sites within the fire footprint, then randomly located a paired site for each in different forest types in the same topographic environment within 3 km. Each pair of sites was burned on the same day. Old growth forest and plantations were the least likely to burn. Old growth and mature forest exhibited scorched eucalypt crowns to a much lesser degree than regrowth forests. In a comparison of paired sites, plantation forest was less likely to burn than combined mature and old growth forests, but in all cases of detected ignition the canopy of plantation was scorched. The lower flammability of older forests, and their importance as an increasing store of carbon, suggests that a cessation of logging outside plantations might have considerable benefits.
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Moroni, M. T., T. H. Kelley, and M. L. McLarin. "Carbon in Trees in Tasmanian State Forest." International Journal of Forestry Research 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/690462.

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The mass of carbon (C) in standing trees on 1.5 M ha of Tasmanian State forest was 163 Tg C, with 139 Tg in eucalypt forest. The highest C densities occurred in the tallest, highest crown cover, mature, wet eucalypt forest, representing 0.2% by area containing only 1.3 Tg C. Shorter mature forests with lower crown cover contained 21–68% of this C density. Rainforests and forests containing regrowth or silvicultural regeneration components also contained lower C densities. Landscape-level C saturation of Tasmanian State forest could only be achieved when all forest was simultaneously mature eucalypt forest. This would sequester an additional 93 Tg C into trees, but would require fire to convert existing mixed forest and rainforest to eucalypt forest, and subsequent estate wildfire prevention while eucalypt forests mature and the prevention of eucalypt forests progressing to less C-dense rainforest. Theoretical C saturation at the landscape level is therefore ecologically impossible.
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Hickey, JE. "A Floristic Comparison of Vascular Species in Tasmanian Oldgrowth Mixed Forest With Regeneration Resulting From Logging and Wildfire." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 4 (1994): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940383.

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About 20% of Tasmania's wet eucalypt forest is mixed forest, i.e. having a rainforest understorey and a eucalypt overstorey. While one-third of the mixed forest is formally reserved, much of the remainder is subject to logging on an 80-100 year rotation which is insufficient for the redevelopment of mature mixed forest. The routine silvicultural regeneration treatment for wet eucalypt forests is to clearfell, burn and sow with eucalypt seed. A comparison of the Vascular floristics of 20-30-year-old silvicultural and wildfire regeneration with oldgrowth mixed forest showed that most species common in oldgrowth mixed forest were represented in approximately similar frequencies in silvicultural regeneration and wildfire regeneration. The major floristic difference between the two regeneration types was the much lower frequency of oldgrowth epiphytic fern species in silvicultural regeneration and a higher frequency of a sedge species often associated with disturbed areas. However, after a single logging treatment, the vascular plant floristics of silvicultural regeneration were sufficiently similar to wildfire regeneration to assume that, in the absence of further logging or fires, the silvicultural regeneration could become mature mixed forest and eventually rainforest. Further work is required to determine whether regrowth mixed forest can be logged at 80-100 years and still retain sufficient rainforest elements to eventually return to mixed forest within the life span of the dominant eucalypts. The critical factor in the silvicultural perpetuation of mixed forest may be rotation length rather than regeneration treatment.
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Fairman, Thomas A., Craig R. Nitschke, and Lauren T. Bennett. "Too much, too soon? A review of the effects of increasing wildfire frequency on tree mortality and regeneration in temperate eucalypt forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 8 (2016): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf15010.

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In temperate Australia, wildfires are predicted to be more frequent and severe under climate change. This could lead to marked changes in tree mortality and regeneration in the region’s predominant eucalypt forests, which have been burned repeatedly by extensive wildfires in the period 2003–14. Recent studies have applied alternative stable state models to select ‘fire sensitive’ forest types, but comparable models have not been rigorously examined in relation to the more extensive ‘fire tolerant’ forests in the region. We review the effects of increasing wildfire frequency on tree mortality and regeneration in temperate forests of Victoria, south-eastern Australia, based on the functional traits of the dominant eucalypts: those that are typically killed by wildfire to regenerate from seed (‘obligate seeders’) and those that mostly survive to resprout (‘resprouters’). In Victoria, over 4.3 million ha of eucalypt forest has been burned by wildfire in the last decade (2003–14), roughly equivalent to the cumulative area burned in the previous 50 years (1952–2002; 4.4 million ha). This increased wildfire activity has occurred regardless of several advancements in fire management, and has resulted in over 350 000 ha of eucalypt forest being burned twice or more by wildfire at short (≤11 year) intervals. Historical and recent evidence indicates that recurrent wildfires threaten the persistence of the ‘fire sensitive’ obligate seeder eucalypt forests, which can facilitate a shift to non-forest states if successive fires occur within the trees’ primary juvenile period (1–20 years). Our review also highlights potential for structural and state changes in the ‘fire tolerant’ resprouter forests, particularly if recurrent severe wildfires kill seedlings and increase tree mortality. We present conceptual models of state changes in temperate eucalypt forests with increasing wildfire frequency, and highlight knowledge gaps relating to the development and persistence of alternative states driven by changes in fire regimes.
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Morais, Wagner Calixto de Castro, Norivaldo dos Anjos, and Terezinha Maria Castro Della Lucia. "Consumo Foliar de Eucalyptus spp. por Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr, 1887) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." EntomoBrasilis 4, no. 2 (July 22, 2011): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v4i2.89.

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O potencial produtivo de plantios florestais é reduzido, dentre outros fatores, pela ocorrência de pragas. No Brasil, as formigas-cortadeiras são os principais insetos daninhos à cultura do eucalipto. Dentre as espécies dessas formigas, Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr) se destaca na região Sudeste do Brasil. Entretanto, poucas são as informações a respeito de seu potencial de dano às plantações de eucalipto. Este trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar o consumo foliar de eucalipto por A. disciger, em condições de laboratório. Para isto, folhas frescas de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake e do híbrido E. urophylla x E. grandis foram oferecidas, com chance de escolha, à duas colônias de A. disciger, durante 24 horas, num total de oito repetições. O consumo foliar foi determinado pela diferença entre as massas de folhas e de suas sobras, após serem disponibilizadas às formigas. As operárias das duas colônias consumiram, respectivamente, 38,8 ± 3,2 g e 22,0 ± 2,3 g de folhas de eucalipto, por dia. Estes elevados valores podem sugerir estado de alerta para os danos que A. disciger pode causar nos plantios de eucalipto, merecendo, esta formiga-cortadeira, maior atenção. Eucalypt leaf-consumption by Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Abstract. The productive potential of forest stands is reduced by pest occurrence among other factors. In Brazil, leaf-cutting ants are the most severe eucalypt pests. Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr) is prevalent in the south east Brazil. However, scarce information about its potential damage for Eucalyptus forests is available. This work deals to quantifying the eucalypt leaf-consumption by such specie of leaf-cutting ant. Fresh leaves were taken from trees of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake, and hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis and served to different colonies of A. disciger, during 24 hours period, over eight different times. Leaf-consumption was calculated throughout fresh weights of leaves, before and after ants foraging. Each colony of A. disciger consumed 38.8 ± 3.2 g e 22.0 ± 2.3 g of eucalypt leaves, per day.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eucalypt forest"

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Goodwin, Nicholas R. School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Assessing understorey structural characteristics in eucalypt forests: an investigation of LiDAR techniques." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28365.

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The potential of airborne LiDAR technology to quantify forest structure within eucalypt forests has been evaluated with a focus on the understorey stratum. To achieve this, three studies have been undertaken using multiple (4) LiDAR datasets acquired over three test areas located in Wedding Bells State Forest, Coffs Harbour, Australia. Initially, the effects of sensor configuration were evaluated using field measurements collected from three structurally and topographically differing field plots (40 x 90 m areas). Results indicated that canopy height profiles derived from LiDAR data at the plot scale were largely unaffected by a change in platform altitude from 1000 to 3000 m (p > 0.05). In addition, the derivation of individual tree attributes was found to be highly sensitive to the density of LiDAR observations whilst higher platform altitudes showed an increased proportion of single returns over forested areas. In the second study, an innovative field based approach was developed to sample the structure of the understorey (horizontally and vertically) for LiDAR validation purposes. Using two separate LiDAR datasets, this research confirmed that mean understorey height and understorey cover can be effectively mapped in areas of low to medium canopy cover whilst no significant relationship (p > 0.05) was identified between field and LiDAR estimates of maximum understorey height. In the third study, an optimised LiDAR beam interception model was developed and validated, and then applied to assess the interaction of extrinsic and intrinsic factors of the LiDAR survey. This demonstrated that the probability of beam interception through the forest canopy can be affected by factors both intrinsic (e.g. crown cover) and extrinsic (e.g. scan angle) to the structure of the canopy. Overall, the results of this research indicate that optimising the sensor configuration is important to the derivation of particular forest structural attributes and significantly, there is potential for LiDAR technology to provide quantitative and spatially detailed estimates of key understorey attributes such as mean height and cover.
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Henry, Joseph Douglas. "Evapotranspiration in a catchment dominated by eucalypt forest and woodland." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12283.

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There is on-going need for reliable estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) at catchment scales to support objective decision-making for managing water supplies, and enhancing understanding of processes and modelling. Without reliable estimates of ET, water supply and catchment management agencies are exposed to significant economic, social and even environmental risks. This thesis focuses on identifying possible methodologies for estimating ET in a catchment dominated by eucalypt forest and woodland. More specifically, this thesis tests the hypothesis that different methods of deriving daily, catchment ET for a headwater in Australia meet underlying assumptions and yield similar results. The hypothesis was tested by using three approaches to estimate catchment ET: soil moisture changes (point scale), satellite imagery of leaf area index (MODIS, hillslope scale), and discharge (streamflow) and the storage-discharge relationship (catchment scale). Data from Corin Catchment, an unregulated catchment vital to the Australian Capital Territory and the surrounding region, is the basis of this study. After the General Introduction (Chapter 1), methods for estimating ET in eucalypt communities throughout Australia at various temporal and spatial scales are systematically reviewed (Chapter 2). Of the 1614 original research papers investigated, 52 were included for further investigation. A clear outcome is that transpiration by the overstorey, measured using sap flow, is the most frequently measured component of ET, and that physiological studies dominate estimates of ET. Very few studies were conducted at the catchment scale. Further, scaling ET from tree to catchment scales was rarely attempted, and the effect of scaling for water resource management is mostly unquantified and requires attention. The first method used to calculate catchment ET is based on up-scaling of soil moisture changes on the basis of a digital soil map (Chapter 4). The data presented here rejects the hypothesis that ET (derived from soil moisture) and overstorey transpiration (derived from sap flow) are well correlated. Instead, the data suggest that soil moisture-derived ET and overstorey transpiration obtained water from different sources. The key findings of this chapter are that this approach is not suitable for estimating ET at catchment scales because it is restricted to drier periods, and because trees did not solely rely on the defined root-zone for water supply. The second method to calculate catchment scale ET (Chapter 5) tests if hillslope-scale satellite imagery (MODIS leaf area index) can be up-scaled to estimate catchment ET. An outcome of this work is that caution is needed when using MODIS leaf area index for water resource planning in evergreen forests across the globe, particularly for forests with significant understorey and a relatively open overstorey canopy at some periods of the year. This method is deemed not suitable for estimating ET over the study area. The third method to calculate catchment scale ET (Chapter 6) is based on integrating discharge using a single non-linear equation to characterise the study area. This method yielded catchment ET far greater (18 times larger) than the largest observed measure of potential ET. As with the method based on soil moisture changes, it was restricted to drier periods. This method was clearly unsuitable for estimating ET over the study area due to relatively quick recession, large range in hourly discharge and significant scattered recession at low discharge. Overall, this thesis rejects the hypothesis that different methods of deriving daily, catchment ET for a headwater in Australia meet underlying assumptions and yield similar results. An important limitation identified through this research is the ability to determine a ‘correct’ estimate of catchment ET. Further research should focus on enhancing understanding of scaling ET within and beyond Australia, generating more daily catchment ET from up-scaled soil moisture changes, further evaluating ET from up-scaled satellite imagery, and identifying catchment characteristics to allow ET to be derived from discharge. Water resource managers must be diligent when selecting and applying a method to estimate catchment ET.
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Sutherland, Elizabeth F. (Elizabeth Fyfe). "Fire, resource limitation and small mammal populations in coastal eucalypt forest." Thesis, School of Biological Sciences, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5344.

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Phiri, Darius. "Biomass modelling of selected drought tolerant Eucalypt species in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85739.

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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study aims at developing models for predicting aboveground biomass for selected drought tolerant Eucalyptus (E) species (E. cladocalyx, E. gomphocephala and E. grandis x camaldulensis) from the dry west coast. Biomass models were fit for each of the species and a cross-species model was parameterised based on pooled data for all the three species. Data was based on destructive sampling of 28 eucalypt trees which were 20 years of age and additional five five-year old E. gomphocephala trees. Preliminary measurements on diameter at breast height (dbh), height (h) and crown height were recorded in the field. The sampled trees were then felled and samples of discs, branches and foliage were collected. Density of the wood discs and the bark was determined by a water displacement method and computer tomography scanning (CT-scanner). Stem biomass was reconstructed using Smalian’s formula for volume determination and the calculated densities. Upscaling of the crown was carried out by regression equations formulated by employing the sampled branches. Further assessment was carried out on a sub-sample by subjecting the samples to different drying temperatures in a series between 60 and 105ºC. Linear models were parameterised by a simultaneous regression approach based on Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) using the “Systemfit” R statistical package. The predictor variables employed in the study were dbh, d2h and h in which the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Standard Error (MSE) and Root Mean Standard Error (RMSE) were used to determine the goodness of fit for the models. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) was also used in the selection of the best fitting model. A system of equations consisting of five models was formulated for each Eucalyptus species. The biomass prediction models had degrees of determination (R2) ranging from 0.65 to 0.98 in which dbh and d2h were the main predictor variable while h improved the model fit. The total biomass models were the best fitting models in most cases while foliage biomass had the least good fit when compared to other models. When the samples were subjected to different drying temperatures, stem wood had the largest percentage change of 6% when drying from 60ºC to 105ºC while foliage had the lowest percentage change of less than 2%.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel met hierdie studie is om modelle vir die voorspelling van die bogrondse biomassa van drie droogte-bestande Eucalyptus (E) spesies (E. cladocalyx, E. gomphocephala en E. grandis x camaldulensis), gekweek op die droë kusvlakte in Wes-Kaapland, te ontwikkel. Biomassa modelle vir elk van die spesies is gepas en ’n model gegrond op die gekombineerde data van al drie die spesies, is geparameteriseer. Verder is die biomassa variasie onder verskeie droogingstemperature vasgestel. Die data versameling is uitgevoer gegrond op die destruktiewe mostering van 28 Eucalyptus bome wat 20 jaar oud was en ’n bykomende vyf vyfjarige E. gomphocephala bome. Die aanvanklike mates, naamlik deursnee op borshoogte (dbh), boomhoogte (h) en kroonhoogte is in die veld opgemeet. Die gemonsterde bome is afgesaag en monsters van stamhout skywe, takke en die bas is versamel. Die digtheid van die skywe en die bas is deur die waterverplasing metode, en Rekenaar Tomografie skandering (“CT-scanning”) vasgestel. Stam biomassa is rekonstrukteer deur gebruik te maak van Smalian se formule vir die vasstelling van volume en berekende digtheid. Die opskaal van die kroon biomassa is gedoen met behulp van regressie vergelykings van gekose takmonsters. Submonsters is onderwerp aan ’n reeks van verskillende drogingstemperature tussen 60 en 105ºC. Lineêre modelle is deur ’n gelyktydige regressie benadering gegrond op die Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) wat ’n“Systemfit” R statistiese pakket gebruik, parameteriseer. Die voorspeller veranderlikes wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, is dbh, d2h en h waarin die koëffisient van bepaling (R2), gemiddelde standaardfout (MSE) en vierkantswortel van die gemiddelde standaardfout (RMSE) gebruik is om vas te stel hoe goed die model pas. Akaike Inligting Kriteria is gebruik vir die seleksie van die gepaste model. ’n Reeks vergelykings wat bestaan uit vyf modelle is vir elke Eucalyptus spesie geformuleer. Die biomassa voorspelling model het waardes vir die koëffisiente van bepaling (R2) opgelewer wat strek van 0.65 to 0.98% en waarin dbh en d2h die hoof voorspelling veranderlikes is, terwyl h die pas van die model verbeter. Die totale biomassa model het in die meeste gevalle die beste gepas en die blaarbiomassa die swakste as dit met die ander modelle vergelyk word. Tydens droging vind die grootste persentasie verandering van 6% by stamhout plaas tussen temperature van 60ºC tot 105ºC, en die kleinste persentasie verandering van minder as 2% by blare.
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Walden, Lewis L. "The effects of drought and wildfire on forest structure and carbon storage in a resprouting eucalypt forest." Thesis, Walden, Lewis L. ORCID: 0000-0001-9714-3603 (2020) The effects of drought and wildfire on forest structure and carbon storage in a resprouting eucalypt forest. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/54971/.

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The frequency and intensity of forest disturbances are projected to increase in many regions as climate changes, with an increased likelihood of multiple disturbance events occurring in short succession. The effects and importance of multiple disturbance events are gaining increasing attention but there is substantial uncertainty regarding the strength of interactions in relation to type, sequence, and relative timing. Forests play an integral role in climate change mitigation efforts, however, multiple disturbances could alter forest carbon dynamics, potentially reducing the storage capacity of impacted stands. Accurate accounting of carbon losses and transformations is thus imperative across forests globally, and particularly in non-conifer dominated types and with different responses such as resprouting. This study investigated the effects of a global change-type drought (2010-11) and the Waroona Fire (2016), singularly on forest carbon dynamics in the regrowth Northern Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Forest of southwestern Australia. This was followed by an investigation of the additive and interactive effects of these two disturbances on forest structure and recruitment. The affected forest stands were assessed using a plot-based forest inventory method combined with allometric equations and remote sensing metrics to determine carbon transformations and fire severity. Following the drought die-off there was a significant loss of live standing carbon (49.3 t C ha-1), and a corresponding significant increase in the dead standing carbon pool six months after the drought. The Waroona Fire caused pyrogenic carbon emissions of between 10 and 21 t C ha-1, which corresponded to 5.5-12.2% of the mean pre-fire carbon storage, and the conversion of 59.2 – 72.8 t C ha-1 from the live to dead standing tree pool. This carbon, which comprises another 30-37% of the pre-fire carbon storage will be susceptible to loss over time both from decomposition and from future fires. Total immediate carbon emissions from the 360 km2 wildfire were estimated at 723,113 t C. When the disturbances were examined in combination there was no evidence of linked or compounding effects of these disturbances. Instead a strong effect of wildfire on live basal area (-20.7 ± 7.3 m2 ha-1) overwhelmed pre-existing drought impacts. Eucalypt resprouting forests are particularly resilient, with focal species able to survive multiple stressors over a short time period. However, the newly regrowing burnt stands are vulnerable to future disturbance until they develop bark thick enough to withstand fire, and carbon stores to maintain resprouts following drought. The drought event preferentially removed large trees and the wildfire smaller trees from the live standing carbon pool. With a continually decreasing rainfall and projections of more frequent and severe fires in this area the trajectory of the regrowth in these stands is likely to be strongly tied to the future disturbance regime. Increases in disturbance frequency and intensity may therefore lessen the chances of these forests recovering to pre-fire structure and therefore carbon storage capacity.
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Turner, Russell Sean School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Science UNSW. "An airborne Lidar canopy segmentation approach for estimating above-ground biomass in coastal eucalypt forests." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27362.

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There is growing interest in airborne lidar for forest carbon accounting and precision forestry purposes. Airborne lidar systems offer a cost-effective, versatile, operationally flexible and robust sampling tool for forest managers. The objective of this study was to develop and test lidar canopy surface enhancement and segmentation processes for estimating dominant above-ground biomass (DAB) in a harvested eucalypt forest on the Central Coast of New South Wales (Australia). The Crown Infill, Trim and Smooth (CITS) process, incorporating a series of filters, algorithms, and selective multi-stage smoothing, was used to enhance lidar canopy surfaces prior to segmentation. Canopy segmentation was achieved using a vertical crown template approach termed the Spatially and Morphologically Isolated Crest (SMIC) process. SMIC delineates dominant tree crowns by detecting elevated crown crests within a 3D lidar canopy surface. Consolidated crown units constitute the basic sampling, analysis and reporting units for wall-to-wall forest inventory. The performance, sensitivity and limitations of these procedures were evaluated using a combination of simulated forest models and actual lidar forest data. Automated crown polygons were used as a sampling template to extract dominant tree height values which were converted to DAB estimates via height-to-biomass relationships derived from field survey and on-site destructive sampling. Results were compared with field based tree height and biomass estimates. Compared against a manually derived crown map from a 2ha field plot, canopy segmentation results revealed a producer???s accuracy of 76% and overall accuracy of 67%. Results indicated a trend toward greater crown splitting (fragmentation) as trees increase in age, height, stem diameter and crown size. Extracted dominant tree height values were highly correlated with ground survey height estimates (r2 0.95 for precision survey and r2 0.69 for standard survey). There was also no significant difference between SMIC and manual crown height estimates. SMIC units overestimated ground-based DAB by 5%; this increased to 36% with the inclusion of segmentation errors. However, SMIC estimation of total plot above-ground biomass (AGB) was within 9% of the ground-based estimate. Results are encouraging considering the mixed-species, multi-aged composition of the forest, and the combined effects of SMIC segmentation and lidar height errors.
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George, Amy Kathryn. "Eucalypt regeneration on the Lower Murray floodplain, South Australia." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37706.

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Vegetation along the River Murray floodplains has been shown to be in a severe state of decline. This decline is amplified by the impositions of river regulation. In South Australia, where vegetation losses have been great, regeneration is limited and may result in not only individual tree losses but also widespread population decline. This study aimed to examine the relationship between river flows and the regeneration process in populations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus largiflorens. The current structure of the populations was examined to determine if a viable number of varying age-classed trees were present. Tree surveys conducted at Banrock Station determined that while densities were low for both species, E. camaldulensis had a more sustainable population structure than E. largiflorens. Growth stages for both species illustrated highly clumped distribution, which is believed to correspond with river flooding magnitudes and frequencies. To address the potential link between tree distribution and flooding within the River Murray, a hydrological analysis was conducted for Banrock Station using river flows at the South Australian border from 1900 to 2003. The amount of time growth stages for each species were inundated was found to be greatly reduced under regulated flows compared to natural flows. This has resulted in shifted localized regeneration patterns corresponding with E. camaldulensis' greater demand for inundation than E. largiflorens. Moderate magnitude flows have been most impacted by regulation, and consequently these are the very flows needed for floodplain tree population maintenance. Flowering and seed fall for E. camaldulensis and E. largiflorens were monitored at Banrock Station for 22 months to identify losses in reproductive potential resulting from tree decline. While seed viability was not affected by vigour, trees with visually reduced vigour were found to produce less fruit and had reduced seed fall, as well as a reduced rate of fruit development. Dendrochronological techniques were applied to floodplain trees. Age and size relationships could be established, implying that such techniques can be applied in South Australia to high quality sites. Growth responses within cohorts were similar and easily matched between individuals illustrating cyclic, but not necessarily seasonal correlations. This work verified the preferential selection of younger trees for dendroecological studies, and identified a relationship between on moderate flows and measurable girth expansion in both floodplain tree species.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2004.
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Dore, David William Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences (BEES) UNSW. "Application of simple physiological growth models to coastal eucalypt regrowth forests in New South Wales." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26200.

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This thesis explores issues relating to the application of physiological-process models (???process models???) of forest growth to mixed species, mixed age forests, in particular the coastal blackbutt forests of New South Wales. Using a dataset provided by State Forests of New South Wales (Carter 1994 unpubl.) a numeric description of the forest was developed and stand-level parameters of interest were derived, in particular the plot by plot stemwood volume growth from 1975 to 1999. The amounts of harvested volume, volume that died and volume that grew into the measurement population were identified separately, and several different means of accounting for volume change over time were investigated. A method for quantifying the impact of harvesting and other silvicultural practices on the growth of the forest was developed and programs were written to convert the stand-level summary of the harvest impact into a semi-random selection of trees that would be ???harvested??? from the database under the set of silvicultural assumptions (Dore et al. 1999). A number of process models were investigated and reviewed before selecting one particular model, SUSTAIN (Dewar 1997) for adaption to these forests. This model is a relatively simple process model with a small number of input parameters. The model was adapted so that it could be used to compare the SUSTAIN estimate of growth with the growth of an individual stand of trees in the Kendall Forest Management Area, between Wauchope and Taree on the mid-north coast of NSW. To improve the accuracy of the prediction of growth by SUSTAIN, a method of re-setting the state of the stand to the actual condition at the time of remeasurement was developed. In addition, the SUSTAIN model was extended to enable two separate levels of canopy to be described and grown separately. Ultimately the model was only partially successful in mirroring the growth predicted by the empirical data. Its partial success is attributed primarily to the difficulties associated with correctly determining the allocation parameters used by the model to assign net photosynthate to the roots, foliage and stemwood. The nature of the change in allocation parameters when the forest stand is disturbed by harvest or fire needs further investigation.
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Timo, Thiago Philipe de Camargo e. "Mamíferos de médio e grande porte em áreas de cultivo de eucalipto das bacias do Alto Paranapanema e Médio Tietê, Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-17112009-081119/.

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A região compreendida entre os trechos alto do rio Paranapanema, médio do rio Tietê e o rio Sorocaba possui longo histórico de influência humana na paisagem. Esta influência intensificouse nos dois últimos séculos com a passagem de estradas de ferro e a construção de hidroelétricas, entre outras modificações que implicaram em alterações do uso da terra. Uma das mudanças significativas foi a chegada e expansão rápida da silvicultura de eucalipto. A estrutura desta vegetação cultivada e seu ciclo produtivo têm influência sobre as comunidades vegetais e animais nativas. Neste estudo foi avaliada a influência da conformação geométrica da paisagem e da idade de plantio de áreas de silvicultura de eucalipto sobre padrões de distribuição e abundância de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. Foi possível demonstrar que herbívoros são favorecidos por áreas extensas de vegetação nativa com geometria simples, enquanto onívoros se beneficiam da ausência de grandes predadores e da geometria convoluta da vegetação nativa em áreas onde a matriz de eucalipto domina a paisagem. Onde o eucalipto é a feição dominante da paisagem agrícola, estas espécies utilizam o interior dos talhões em fase intermediária de cultivo, quando existe sub-bosque que ofereça abrigo e recursos alimentares. Tais observações reforçam a importância da manutenção de Áreas de Preservação Permanente e de Reserva Legal em paisagens agrícolas, assim como questionam o conservadorismo na aplicação da legislação que leva ao embargo do corte de eucaliptais com sub-bosque, diminuindo o valor de conservação desta cultura sobre a fauna de médios e grandes mamíferos nativos. Palavras-chaves: mamíferos de médio e grande porte, padrões de distribuição e abundância, paisagem agrícola, eucalipto.
The region comprehended amid the high portion of river Paranapanema, mid portion of river Tietê and the river Sorocaba, has a long history of human influence on landscape. This influence was intensified during the past two centuries through the passage of railroads and hydroelectric dam constructions along with other modifications that had implications on land use changes. One of the significant modifications was the arrival and rapid expansion of eucalypt silviculture. The structure and cycle of production of this cultivated vegetation have influence on plant and animal native communities. In this study, geometric conformity and age of planted stands in eucalypt silviculture areas were evaluated on patterns of distribution and abundance of medium to large size mammals. It was possible to demonstrate that herbivores are favored by extensive areas of native vegetation, while omnivores benefit from the absence of large predators and complex geometry of native vegetation in landscapes with dominant eucalypt matrix. Where eucalypt plantations are the commonest landscape features, these species use central areas of silviculture stands in intermediate stages of cultivation, when there is undergrowth that offers shelter and food resources. These observations reinforce the importance of Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves in agricultural landscapes, as well as they question the conservatism on application of environmental laws that leads to the legal impediment of harvest on eucalypt stands with undergrowth, decreasing conservation value of this culture for medium to large size mammals fauna.
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Smith, Amanda Jessica. "Campsite impact monitoring in the temperate eucalypt forests of Western Australia : an integrated approach /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040504.151201.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2003.
Thesis submitted to the Division of Science and Engineering. "Supported by CRC for Sustainable Tourism and Dept of Conservation and Land Management (Western Australia)". Bibliography: leaves 334-355.
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Books on the topic "Eucalypt forest"

1

Florence, R. G. Ecology and silviculture of eucalypt forests. Collingwood, Vic., Australia: CSIRO, Australia, 1996.

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Gerrand, A. M. Research results for thinning and pruning eucalypt plantations for sawlog production in Tasmania. [Tasmania]: Forests and Forest Industry Council, Forestry Tasmania, 1997.

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Colloff, Matthew. Flooded forest and desert creek: Ecology and history of the river red gum. Collingwood, VIC, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, 2014.

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Present and Future (1984 Kerala Forest Research Institute) National Seminar on Eucalypts in Indian Forestry--Past. Eucalypts in India - past, present and future: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Eucalypts in Indian Forestry - past, present and future. Edited by Sharma, J. K., editor of compilation and Kerala Forest Research Institute. Peechi: Kerala Forest Research Institute, 1986.

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C, Fries, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. The ecological effects of eucalyptus. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1985.

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Poore, M. E. D. The ecological effects of eucalyptus. Dehra Dun: Natraj Publishers, 1987.

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Qi Shuxiong wen ji. Beijing: Zhongguo lin ye chu ban she, 2011.

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Edmundo Navarro de Andrade: O plantador de eucaliptos e a questão da preservação florestal no Brasil. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Humanitas, 2008.

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Imaña-Encinas, José. Relíquias bibliográficas florestais. Edited by Universidade de Brasília. Departamento de Engenharia Florestal. Brasília: Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, 2001.

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Simposio los Eucaliptos en el Desarrollo Forestal de Chile (1993 Pucón, Chile). Actas. Edited by Barros Asenjo Santiago, Prado D. José Antonio, Alvear S. Carlos, and Instituto Forestal (Santiago Chile). Santiago, Chile: Instituto Forestal, Filial CORFO, Corporación de Fomento de la Producción, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eucalypt forest"

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Bren, Leon. "Hydrology of Managed Eucalypt Forest." In Forest Hydrology and Catchment Management, 137–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12840-0_6.

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Bren, Leon. "Non-eucalypt Forest Hydrology—Rainforests and Brigalow." In Forest Hydrology and Catchment Management, 179–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12840-0_7.

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Loyn, Richard H. "Research for Ecologically Sustainable Forest Management in Victorian eucalypt forests." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 783–806. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.048.

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Recher, Harry F. "Conservation and management of eucalypt forest vertebrates." In Conservation of Faunal Diversity in Forested Landscapes, 339–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1521-3_12.

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Glaubitz, Jeffrey C., Jimena Strk, and Gavin F. Moran. "Genetic impacts of different silvicultural practices in native eucalypt forests." In Forest Genetics and Sustainability, 183–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1576-8_17.

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Dunin, F. X., I. C. McIlroy, and E. M. O’Loughlin. "A Lysimeter Characterization of Evaporation by Eucalypt Forest and its Representativeness for the Local Environment." In The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction, 271–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5305-5_17.

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Recher, Harry F. "Eucalypt forest birds: the role of nesting and foraging resources in conservation and management." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 23–35. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.004.

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Moore, Ben D., Ian R. Wallis, Karen J. Marsh, and William J. Foley. "The role of nutrition in the conservation of the marsupial folivores of eucalypt forests." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 549–75. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.031.

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Recher, Hany F. "The conservation and management of eucalypt forest birds: resource requirements for nesting and foraging." In Conservation of Australia’s Forest Fauna, 25–34. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1991.002.

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Suni, Tanja, Markku Kulmala, L. Sogacheva, Anne Hirsikko, Tommi Bergman, Pasi Aalto, Marko Vana, et al. "Ions and Charged Aerosol Particles in a Native Australian Eucalypt Forest." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 902–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_177.

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Conference papers on the topic "Eucalypt forest"

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Knadler, Charles E., and Georgia Sinimbu. "Natural reforestation of abandoned eucalypt plantations in the Brasilia National Forest." In 2011 Winter Simulation Conference - (WSC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2011.6147826.

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MARTIN, BERNARD. "EUCALYPTUS:: A STRATEGIC FOREST TREE." In Proceedings of the International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704504_0001.

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Rubilar, Rafael, Daniel Bozo, Juan Valverde, Matias Pincheira, Veronica Emhart, Alex Medina, and Hector Valenzuela. "Eucalyptus Genotypes Water Use and Site Interactions on Water Resource Sustainability and Productivity." In The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Forests—Exploring New Discoveries and New Directions in Forests. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2022-13118.

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Pasquini, Dalila, Cecilia Brunetti, Francesco Ferrini, and Roslyn Gleadow. "Identifying allelopathic compounds emitted by Pittosporum undulatum in Eucalypt forests." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08884.

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Brinkhoff, Rose, Mark Hovenden, and Mark Hunt. "Nitrogen fertiliser increases LAI but creates carbon and water costs in <em>Eucalyptus nitens</em>." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Forests — Forests for a Better Future: Sustainability, Innovation, Interdisciplinarity. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07979.

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Soares, Vicente P., and Roger M. Hoffer. "Eucalyptus forest change classification using multi-date Landsat TM data." In Satellite Remote Sensing, edited by Eric Mougin, K. Jon Ranson, and James A. Smith. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.200769.

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Rakhman, Arief, Agus Suryono, and Ainul Hayat. "Collaborative Governance in Eucalyptus Oil Industry Development from Forest Area." In 3rd Annual International Conference on Public and Business Administration (AICoBPA 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210928.087.

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Belenguer-Plomer, Miguel A., Angel Fernandez-Carrillo, Lachlan McCaw, and Mihai A. Tanase. "L-band SAR sensitivity to prescribed burning effects in eucalypt forests of Western Australia." In Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, edited by Claudia Notarnicola, Nazzareno Pierdicca, Fabio Bovenga, and Emanuele Santi. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2325669.

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Ramadhanti, Nabila Sekar, Wisnu Ananta Kusuma, Irmanida Batubara, and Rudi Heryanto. "Random Forest to Predict Eucalyptus as a Potential Herb in Preventing Covid19." In 2021 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibcb49929.2021.9562940.

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Ruwanpathirana, N. D., H. S. Amarasekera, and M. P. de Silva. "STUDY ON VERIATION OF MODULUS OF RUPTURE AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY WITHIN Eucalyptus grandis TREES GROWING IN DIFFERENT SITE CLASSES." In International Forestry and Environment Symposium, 2004. University of Sri Jayewardenepura, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fesympo/2004/ruwan.

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Reports on the topic "Eucalypt forest"

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Wright, Clinton S., and Robert E. Vihnanek. Stereo photo series for quantifying natural fuels.Volume XIII: grasslands, shrublands, oak-bay woodlands, and eucalyptus forests in the East Bay of California. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-893.

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