Academic literature on the topic 'Études d’association génétiques pangénomiques (GWAS)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Études d’association génétiques pangénomiques (GWAS).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Études d’association génétiques pangénomiques (GWAS)"
Ravel, Jean-Marie, and Emmanuel J. M. Mignot. "Narcolepsie : une maladie auto-immune affectant un peptide de l’éveil liée à un mimétisme moléculaire avec des épitopes du virus de la grippe." Biologie Aujourd’hui 213, no. 3-4 (2019): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2019026.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Études d’association génétiques pangénomiques (GWAS)"
Saba, Yasaman. "Déterminants génétiques des marqueurs IRM du vieillissement vasculaire cérébral." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0466.
Full textOver the last century, life expectancy has increased dramatically, contributing to a sharp increase in the number of patients with common neurological disease, especially stroke and dementia. Mounting evidence suggests that early life factors, including genetic factors, play a crucial role in the occurrence of such diseases. Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a major cause of stroke, cognitive decline and dementia. cSVD is most often covert, detectable on brain images in the absence of clinical manifestations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of cSVD, which can be measured non-invasively in large population, can provide crucial insights into the cause of late-life neurological diseases. White matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, and perivascular spaces are the most commonly studied MRI-markers of cSVD, while diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers new opportunity to explore susceptibility to cSVD across the lifespan. Deciphering these genetic risk factors of cSVD, including in early life, is a powerful tool to decipher molecular mechanisms leading to this disease. In this thesis, we explored the genetic determinants of MRI-markers of cSVD in the general population across the lifespan, by conducting large collaborative meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in up to 58,403 participants from the general population. First, we conducted a GWAS of WMH stratified on hypertension status. Our results shed new light into modifying effects of high blood pressure on genetic susceptibility to WMH. Second, we examined the genetic underpinnings of an emerging DTI marker, peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), by conducting the first GWAS of PSMD, across the lifespan. We identified up to 25 novel genetic risk loci for PSMD, with good effect size correlation across European and East-Asian ancestries. Additionally, in a whole-exome association study (derived from whole exome sequencing), rare variants and burden of rare loss-of-function or singleton variants in 4 different genes were associated with PSMD. Genetically determined larger volume of WMH was associated with higher PSMD from early childhood to older age. Moreover, common PSMD risk loci were enriched in genes expressed in fetal brain endothelial cells. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into complex genomics of cSVD across the lifespan, across ancestries, and in interaction with hypertension, the most common risk factor of cSVD. These results are informative for the development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies for cSVD and its complications, a major public health challenge
Benabou, Marion. "Étude génétique de la voie sérotonine-N-acétylsérotonine-mélatonine et de ses anomalies dans la vulnérabilité aux Troubles du Spectre Autistique (TSA) et dans la prématurité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB010.
Full textBiochemical abnormalities of the serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin pathway have been reported in many clinical conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorders and preterm birth. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway regulation, as well as the causes of these biochemical abnormalities remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was thus to characterize the genetic basis of the serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin pathway. To do so, we used a quantitative genetic approach in two independent populations that were previously biochemically explored for this pathway. One cohort consisted of more than 250 families with ASD and more than 300 controls and the other was composed of 183 infants including 93 very preterm newborns. Both cohorts included individuals with clinical conditions associated with disruptions of the serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin pathway. Narrow sense heritability analysis of this pathway showed relatively high estimates, ranging from 0.22 for melatonin to 0.72 for N-acetyserotonin (NAS). First, candidate-gene association studies including 812 genes related to the serotonin-NAS-melatonin pathway, then genome-wide association studies were conducted. These analyses did not identify any variant associated at the genome-wide significance level. However, a gene-based approach identified three new candidate genes (IL21R, JMJD7 and MAPKBP1) for the regulation of the pathway in families with ASD as well as one gene (RAET1G) in the cohort of preterm and term newborns. Finally, a biochemical exploration of the phenol-sulfotransferases (PST) in families with ASD revealed a decreased enzyme activity in 29% of patients compared with controls (5th percentile). SULT1A1-4 genes were then sequenced and copy number variants (CNV) were genotyped. No genetic variant could be significantly associated with PST activity, melatonin and serotonin levels, or ASD status. In conclusion, these results confirm the complexity of serotonin-NAS-melatonin pathway genetic architecture. Furthermore, this study revealed high heritability of this pathway and identified new candidate genes to understand the inter-individual variability of this pathway in ASD, preterm birth and the general population
Maupetit, Agathe. "Potentiel évolutif et déterminisme génétique de caractères d’agressivité et morphologiques de l’agent de la rouille du peuplier, Melampsora larici-populina." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0202.
Full textTo control plant pathogens, breeding resistant plants is the most cost-effective and ecological strategy. Quantitative resistances, which are based on complex plant mechanisms, are known to be exposed to erosion through an increase of pathogens aggressiveness. Through the study the poplar – poplar rust (Melampsora larici-populina) pathosystem, this work aims to estimate the evolutionary potential of aggressiveness and morphological traits using quantitative genetic approaches and to identify molecular bases through genome-wide association study. To estimate plasticity, heritability, and trade-offs for a set of quantitative traits, we precisely measured their variation in four contrasted pathogen populations. It appeared that spore volume is highly heritable and evolved rapidly. In planta mycelium quantity is also heritable but constant because of stabilizing selection occurring in the studied populations. Latent period, lesion size and sporulation rate exhibit low heritability, which explains the absence of evolution during the studied time period. Traits involved in the sporulating function seem to be the most plastic ones along a leaf maturity gradient. However, the lack of evidence of trade-offs did not allow us to identify aggressiveness traits that would be the best targets for the construction of durable resistance in poplar. No genetic underpinning has been found for quantitative traits, but we have identified a potential avirulence locus (Avr7), opening the way for its functional characterization
Gzara, Chaïma. "Génétique humaine de la lèpre au Vietnam : une histoire de familles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5234.
Full textLeprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, and can cause an irreversible impairment of nerve function, often leading to severe disabilities and social stigma if left untreated. The disease, re-qualified by WHO (World Health Organization) as a “Neglected Tropical Disease” in 2017, remains a major public health problem in regions of endemic countries, with over 200,000 new cases per year (one every two minutes). It is ranked second as the most common mycobacterial infectious disease, right after tuberculosis. While it has been well established that there is a genetic contribution to this disease, the underlying genetic causes remains unknown. In our study, we sought to reveal the host´s genetic architecture of leprosy by taking of a familial epidemiological approach. We conducted the first Family-Based Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of leprosy in 481 Vietnamese nuclear families (parents and children) selected based on one affected child and collected over the past 20 years. Using this sample of 1,749 individuals, including 622 affected offspring, we performed association tests between six million biallelic genetic variants (Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, genotyped or imputed) and the binary phenotype of disease status. Following this first analysis, we conducted a replication analysis of the most promising results in an independent sample of the same ethnic origin, accounting for 1,181 cases and 668 controls. The most significant results were observed within the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) region, in which 3 independent SNPs displayed genome-wide significant associations. Among these, two were for the HLA class I region and one for the HLA class II (rs1265048 [OR = 0.69; p-value = 5.5x10⁻¹¹], rs114598080 [OR = 1.47; p-value = 8.8x10⁻¹³] and rs3187964 [OR = 1.67; p-value = 8.4x10⁻¹⁶] respectively). We also identified a missense variant in the LACC1 gene (rs3764147: OR = 1.52; p-value = 5.1x10⁻¹⁴) and an intergenic variant located close to the IL12B gene (rs6871626: OR = 0.73; p-value = 6.4x10⁻⁸). LACC1 encodes a central regulator of the metabolic function and bioenergetic state of macrophages and IL12B encodes IL-12p40, which is common to two interleukins, IL-12 and IL-23. Large GWAS are expensive, strongly limiting the number of variants to test in a replication set. Here, we took advantage of the available parental phenotypic and genotypic information to perform a classical case-control study among the parents of the family-based sample. Indeed, using of extensive computer simulations, we demonstrated that this population-based parental study is a valid, powerful and costless replication strategy to confirm family-based associations. Overall, our observations add to the attractiveness of family-based designs and should provide valuable help for investigators planning to perform GWA studies. Understanding leprosy pathophysiology infection is crucial to optimize preventive approaches based on genetic profiles. Dissection of the genetic control of the infection by M. leprae by its human host, therefore, constitutes an indispensable step. Finally, repositioning the family at the heart of the genetic quest means repositioning genetics into its natural environment
Maupetit, Agathe. "Potentiel évolutif et déterminisme génétique de caractères d’agressivité et morphologiques de l’agent de la rouille du peuplier, Melampsora larici-populina." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0202/document.
Full textTo control plant pathogens, breeding resistant plants is the most cost-effective and ecological strategy. Quantitative resistances, which are based on complex plant mechanisms, are known to be exposed to erosion through an increase of pathogens aggressiveness. Through the study the poplar – poplar rust (Melampsora larici-populina) pathosystem, this work aims to estimate the evolutionary potential of aggressiveness and morphological traits using quantitative genetic approaches and to identify molecular bases through genome-wide association study. To estimate plasticity, heritability, and trade-offs for a set of quantitative traits, we precisely measured their variation in four contrasted pathogen populations. It appeared that spore volume is highly heritable and evolved rapidly. In planta mycelium quantity is also heritable but constant because of stabilizing selection occurring in the studied populations. Latent period, lesion size and sporulation rate exhibit low heritability, which explains the absence of evolution during the studied time period. Traits involved in the sporulating function seem to be the most plastic ones along a leaf maturity gradient. However, the lack of evidence of trade-offs did not allow us to identify aggressiveness traits that would be the best targets for the construction of durable resistance in poplar. No genetic underpinning has been found for quantitative traits, but we have identified a potential avirulence locus (Avr7), opening the way for its functional characterization
Antoni, Guillemette. "Identification de facteurs génétiques modulant deux phénotypes intermédiaires de la maladie thrombo-embolique veineuse : les taux de facteurs VIII et von Willebrand : Intérêt de l’utilisation de différentes approches de recherche pangénomique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T019/document.
Full textThe Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors are environmental and genetic. The well established risk factors are anti-thrombin, protein C, protein S deficiency, Factor V Leiden and factor II mutation and ABO gene, with A1 and B allele increasing the risk of VTE. While an important part of VTE heritability remains unexplained, contemporary studies fail to discover new susceptibility genes with weaker effects. In order to increase the discovery power, I searched for genetic geterminism of two intermediary phenotypes of VTE : Factor VIII plasmatic activity (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor antigenemia (vWF)First, I performed a linkage study of FVIII and vWF from a sample of 5 large pedigrees (N=255). Four loci have been identified. One included ABO gene. I searched for candidate genes located in the others loci by studying in silico results from o Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) of the VTE including 419 cases and and 1228 controls. témoins. Two candidate genes were identified : STAB2 et BAI3. Then I performed association studies of five SNPs in BAI3 with FVIII and vWF. One of them was associated to vWF (in a sample of 108 nuclear families and 916 VTE patients), and associated to VTE in two case-controls samples (respectively 916 cases and 801 controls, and 250 cases et 607 controls).Second, I performed a meta-analysis of three GWAS of FVIII and vWF from the same 5 pedigrees and two samples of VTE (N=972 and 570) adjusted on ABO blood group. No polymorphisms were significant after Bonferoni correction (p<10-7). Nevertheless, among 11 genes carrying polymorphisms with a p<10-5, interestingly was STAB2. Futhermore, this study allowed to confirm newly discoverd association with VWF, STXBP5 et STX2
Niyitegeka, David. "Composition de mécanismes cryptographiques et de tatouage pour la protection de données génétiques externalisées." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0225.
Full textNowadays, cloud computing allows researchers and health professionals to flexibly store and process large amounts of genetic data remotely, without a need to purchase and to maintain their own infrastructures. These data are especially used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in order to conduct the identification of genetic variants that are associated with some diseases. However, genetic data outsourcing or sharing in the cloud induces many security issues. In addition, a human genome is very sensitive by nature and represents the unique biological identity of its owner. The objective of this thesis work is to protect genetic data during their sharing, storage and processing. We have developped new security tools that are based on watermarking and cryptographic mechanisms, as well as on the combination of them. First, we have proposed a privacy-preserving method that allows to compute the secure collapsing method based on the logistic regression model using homomorphic encryption (HE). To overcome the computational and storage overhead of HE-based solutions, we have developed a framework that allows secure performing of GWAS for rare variants without increasing complexity compared to its nonsecure version. It is based on several security mechanisms including encryption. In parallel of these works, we have exploited the semantic security of some HE schemes so as to develop a dynamic watermarking method that allows integrity control for encrypted data. At last, we have developed a robust watermarking tool for GWAS data for traitor tracing purposes
Wang, Wenjia. "Item Response Theory in the Neurodegenerative Disease Data Analysis." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0624/document.
Full textNeurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT), are complex diseases. Their pathological mechanisms are still not well understood, and the progress in the research and development of new potential disease-modifying therapies is slow. Categorical data like rating scales and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) data are widely utilized in the neurodegenerative diseases in the diagnosis, prediction and progression monitor. It is important to understand and interpret these data correctly if we want to improve the disease research. The purpose of this thesis is to use the modern psychometric Item Response Theory to analyze these categorical data for better understanding the neurodegenerative diseases and facilitating the corresponding drug research. First, we applied the Rasch analysis in order to assess the validity of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS), a main endpoint for the CMT disease clinical trials. We then adapted the Rasch model to the analysis of genetic associations and used to identify genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease by summarizing the categorical genotypes of several genetic markers such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) into one genetic score. Finally, to select sensitive items in the most used psychometrical tests for Alzheimer’s disease, we calculated the mutual information based on the item response model to evaluate the sensitivity of each item on the ADAS-cog scale
Codina-Fauteux, Valérie-Anne. "Investigation des variants génétiques dans la dysfonction endothéliale et le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22272.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Études d’association génétiques pangénomiques (GWAS)"
GUINOT, Florent, Marie SZAFRANSKI, and Christophe AMBROISE. "Compression structurée de l’information génétique et étude d’association pangénomique par modèles additifs." In Intégration de données biologiques, 129–63. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9030.ch5.
Full text