Academic literature on the topic 'Etudes de population'
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Journal articles on the topic "Etudes de population":
1
Stati, S., A. Kharbach L.Tbatou, A. Khalouk, F. Laboudi, H. Nafiaa, M. Obtil, and A. Ouanass. "VACCINATION ET COVID-19 : CROYANCES ET PERCEPTIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13739.
Abstract:
Introduction : La pandemie de COVID-19 a eu un impact enorme sur les societes et les gouvernements du monde entier, imposant ainsi des restrictions de la circulation et dautres mesures pour empecher la propagation du virus. Les espoirs de retour a la normale ont ete epingles sur la disponibilite dun vaccin COVID-19. Toutefois, le succes dun programme de vaccination dependra du taux de participation parmi la population qui est influence par des perceptions et les attitudes qui sonten partie determinees par des facteurs contextuels Objectif : etudier les associations entre lintention de vaccination et le fondement theorique, les facteurs contextuels et sociodemographiques dans une representation demographiques Methodologie :etude transversale, a vise descriptive et analytique e a ete menee du 3 decembre 2020 et le 10 mars 2021, en utilisant un questionnaire explorant les donnees demographiques, les repercussions sur le plan psychiatrique de la pandemie, lopinion general sur la pandemie et le vaccin, les principales raisons pour etre pour ou contre le vaccin et laffinite des gens au differant vaccin presente actuellement sur le marche mondial. Resultats : : 182 reponses ont ete recolte, dont 83.5% etaient des femmes, 50.5% ont un âge entre 18 et 30 ans ,52.2% sont des maries,92.9% ont effectue des etudes superieurs, 15.9% presentant des antecedents psychiatriques, 58.8% Sans enfants. 56.6% des participants donnaient son accord pour le vaccin contre 43.4% qui sont plutot en desaccord. Le sexe, les facteurs contextuelles sur la pratique dune vaccination et le type du vaccin presentaient une difference statistiquement significative avec un P <0.005, entre les 2 groupes qui sont daccord ou non pour le pratique du vaccin. Lanalyse de regression logistique univarie montre que le sexe feminine (OR = 0.193 IC 95%: 0.0437 -0.851) etait independamment associe a une acceptation du vaccin. Conclusion : lexploration des perceptions et des croyances ont conclu a la presence dun impact indeniable des facteurs contextuelles sur la pratique et lacceptation dune vaccination covid 19 chez la population generale au Maroc dou une sensibilisation et psychoeducation de la population est souhaitable.
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Yakushenkov, Serguey. "From Place to Plate: Three Historical Etudes of Astrakhan. Etude #1." Studia Alimentaria 1, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/saj.v1i1.4.
Abstract:
Various distant outskirts of Russia very often followed a specific path in their development, in no way resembling the culture of the Central Russia. One of such areas, where special cultural and natural environments existed, was the southern province located in the Delta of the Volga River – the Astrakhan province. Early in the Middle Ages this territory became a part of highly developed and powerful states – the Khazar Khaganate, the Golden Horde, and the Astrakhan Khanate were situated here. It was during this period that the main alimentary complex of the region was formed, which was a combination of the three main household types: cattle-breeding, fishing, and agriculture. This complex has survived to a large extent until the present day. The annexation of the Astrakhan Khanate by Russia in 1556 did little to change this configuration. The native inhabitants of these regions returned to their usual occupation, while the newly arrived peoples followed the same industries that had been familiar to them in their former homeland: gardening, fishing, or cattle breeding. The multinational character of the region's population led to a flexible system of economic relations and complementarity. As a result, there was an active cultural interchange between all the peoples of the region, which also influenced the alimentary landscape (foodscape).
The history of this foodscape can be divided into three major periods, which differ from each other in the specifics of their character. They are largely dependent on socio-political changes in Russia as a whole, which also stimulated serious cultural and social shifts in the region. This article is devoted mainly to the analysis of the formation of the first period of the alimentary landscape in the region. It lasted from the accession of the Astrakhan khanate to the First World War and the October Revolution of 1917.
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Manzanilla-Lopez, Rosa H., Simon Harding, and Ken Evans. "Morphometric study on twelve populations of Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne, 1935) Thorne & Allen, 1944 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) from Mexico and South America." Nematology 1, no. 5 (1999): 477–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508487.
Abstract:
Abstract Twelve populations of Nacobbus aberrans from Mexico and South America were cultured in the glasshouse on tomato plants. Second stage juveniles, males, young females and mature females were recovered from the cultures and studied using light microscopy. Morphometric data were analysed using canonical variate analysis. Many of the characters previously used to establish species or subspecific ranks were shown to be variable and all variants occurred in all populations studied, even if at low frequencies. Etude morphometrique de douze populations de Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne, 1935) Thorne & Allen, 1944 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) du Mexique et d'Amerique du Sud - Douze populations de Nacobbus aberrans du Mexique et d'Amerique du Sud ont ete elevees en serre sur plants de tomate. Les juveniles de deuxieme stade, les males, les femelles jeunes et les femelles matures ont ete recoltes a partir de ces elevages et etudies en microscopie photonique. Les donnees morphometriques ont ete analysees par analyse canonique. De nombreux caracteres precedemment utilises aux niveaux specifique ou subspecifique sont apparus variables, tous les variants etant presents dans toutes les populations etudiees, a des frequences parfois faibles mais jamais nulles.
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Stoffelen, Ruth, Maria Isabel Jimenez, Christophe Dierckxsens, Vu Thi Thanh Tam, Rony Swennen, and Dirk De Waele. "Effect of time and inoculum density on the reproductive fitness of Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus similis populations on carrot disks." Nematology 1, no. 3 (1999): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508225.
Abstract:
Abstract The reproductive fitness of three Pratylenchus coffeae populations (Honduras, Ghana and Vietnam) and three Radopholus similis populations (Costa Rica, Cuba and Ghana) on carrot disks was studied as a function of time and inoculum densities. In the first study, the reproductive fitness of the isolates was followed during 11 weeks for P. coffeae and during 7 weeks for R. similis. All the populations increased with time. No distinction could be found in the maximum growth rate of the Pratylenchus populations. The R. similis population from Cuba had a higher maximum growth rate than those from Ghana and Costa Rica. All the Radopholus populations showed a faster multiplication than P. coffeae. In the second study, the influence of the inoculum density on the reproductive fitness was determined for the six populations. The differences in reproduction ratios confirmed the results of the first study. Effetde la duree et du taux d'inoculum sur la reproduction de trois populations de Pratylenchus coffeae et de Radopholus similis eleves sur rondelles de carottes - La reproduction de trois populations de Pratylenchus coffeae (Honduras, Ghana et Vietnam) et de trois populations de Radopholus similis (Costa Rica, Cuba et Ghana) a ete etudiee en elevages sur rondelles de carottes. Dans une premiere etude, la multiplication du P. coffeae a ete etudiee pendant 11 semaines et celle du R. similis pendant 7 semaines. Toutes les populations se sont accrues avec le temps. Aucune difference dans la vitesse de croissance maximale n'a ete observee entre les differentes populations de Pratylenchus. La population de R. similis provenant de Cuba a montre une vitesse de croissance plus elevee par rapport aux autres populations. Tous les isolats du R. similis ont montre une multiplication plus rapide que celle des isolats du P. coffeae. Dans la deuxieme etude, l'effet du taux d'inoculum sur la reproduction a ete determine. Les differences dans les taux de reproduction observees ont confirme les resultats obtenus dans la premiere etude.
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Melguizo-Ibáñez, Eduardo, Félix Zurita-Ortega, Gabriel González-Valero, Pilar Puertas-Molero, Georgian Badicu, Gianpiero Greco, Stefania Cataldi, and Francesco Fischetti. "Alcohol, Tobacco and Cannabis Consumption on Physical Activity and Physical and Social Self-Concept in Secondary School Students: An Explanatory Model Regarding Gender." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 10243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610243.
Abstract:
Nowadays, the adolescent population consumes substances that are harmful to health at an earlier age. Therefore, the present research aimed to (i) develop an explanatory model of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis consumption on physical self-concept, social self-concept, and physical activity practice and (ii) contrast the model through a multi-group analysis according to the gender of the participants. For this purpose, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional research was carried out on adolescent students (M = 13.91; SD = 1.31, years), using the Self-Concept Form 5 Questionnaire, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), and the State Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education (ETUDES) for data collection. Findings revealed that the consumption of harmful substances has a positive impact on the social area and the practice of physical exercise, showing a negative relationship between the latter variable and the social and physical area of self-concept.
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Ertürk, A., S. G. Cizmeci, M. F. Barut, Alberto Allepuz, Anna Alba, Sebastian Napp, and Jordi Casal. "Etudes de terrain sur la fièvre catarrhale ovine et la maladie hémorragique épizootique en Turquie." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 62, no. 2-4 (February 1, 2009): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10025.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to detect the presence of new serotypes of bluetongue (BT) circulating in Turkey. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2008 in the provinces of Adana, Mersin, Antalya, Osmaniye, and Hatay (Mediterranean region). The serosurvey was only performed in cattle. This species was not vaccinated and the presence of antibodies would indicate that the animal had been infected by field strains of BT virus. Only animals born after the outbreaks were sampled. The epidemiological unit was the village, which was the lowest level for which census data was available. Random sampling was carried out in 146 villages and eight samples were collected in each village. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was used for detection of BT antibodies. Preliminary results of the study were presented. From a total of 1096 serum samples collected, 352 (32.1%) were positive to BT. The seroprevalence by province ranged from 15% in Antalya (45/257) to 88% in Osmaniye (77/88). In animals under two years old, the seroprevalence was 25%, whereas in adult animals it was 52%. The differences in the seroprevalence detected between the five provinces could be attributed to the different density of vector, cattle and small ruminant populations. The high seroprevalence in unvaccinated cattle indicated that BT infection was widespread in the ruminant population of Turkey. The young animals presented a lower prevalence than the adults, suggesting that the adults had probably been exposed to the virus before the last two years, whereas the presence of positive seroconversion in young animals indicated that BT virus had been circulating in the two-year period.
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Radovic, Ana, Afton Kirk-Johnson, Morgan Coren, Brandie George-Milford, and David Kolko. "Stakeholder perspectives on digital behavioral health applications targeting adolescent depression and suicidality: Policymaker, provider, and community insights." Implementation Research and Practice 3 (January 2022): 263348952211207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26334895221120796.
Abstract:
Background With adolescent depression and suicidality increasing, technology-based interventions may help address mental health needs. The Enhancing Treatment and Utilization for Depression and Emergent Suicidality (ETUDES) Center supports development of technology interventions to help primary care providers target these problems. To successfully develop and integrate such interventions into primary care, iterative engagement of stakeholders is necessary. This paper outlines our stakeholder engagement process, a qualitative analysis of feedback and outcomes, and how feedback was incorporated to develop Center interventions. Methods Stakeholder panels represented key end-users of ETUDES Center interventions (adolescents, young adults, parents, and healthcare providers) and their advocates at the organizational/policy level. Meetings were held throughout intervention development and at annual retreats. Detailed meeting notes were collected and summarized by the stakeholder engagement team in real time, after which action items were generated and reviewed by the full research team. Using a content analysis approach, all stakeholder feedback summaries were coded using a prespecified codebook organized by recurring topics. Codes were organized under the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Anonymous stakeholder feedback surveys assessed relevance of topics, meeting effectiveness, and stakeholder involvement. Results Stakeholder meetings provided feedback on topics such as representation, language, access to care, and stigma. Relevant feedback and recommendations were incorporated into subsequent iterations of the interventions and their implementation. Mean stakeholder ratings of meeting proceedings on a 0–3 Likert scale ranged from 1.70 ( SD = 0.10) for participation to 2.43 ( SD = 0.08) for effectiveness in addressing meeting agenda. Conclusions The iterative engagement approach yielded practical feedback from stakeholders about ETUDES Center interventions. The team organized feedback to identify barriers and facilitators to using Center interventions and to generate action items, which were transposed onto components of an implementation strategy, supplemented by the CFIR-ERIC Implementation Strategy Matching Tool. Stakeholder feedback will direct the future development of an integrated intervention and guide further stakeholder engagement in developing technologies for adolescent mental health. Plain Language Summary: Depression and suicide in teens have been on the rise for the past several years. Primary care may be an ideal place to address these concerns because most teens have a primary care provider (PCP) who can offer a confidential place for both teens and their caregivers. Our Center develops technology-based interventions to help PCPs address teen depression and suicidality. Multiple barriers may hinder PCPs in addressing teen depression and suicidality. This paper describes how we engaged multiple types of stakeholders—or individuals with an interest in adolescent mental health—to ask for their feedback over a series of meetings, to help us improve the fit of our interventions to this population. Stakeholders included providers, community members like parents and mental health advocates, youth, and policymakers. We learned what was most important to them—including concerns about equitable access (e.g., providing broadband internet to families who do not have it so they can still participate) and legal risks or failures for the technology to identify suicidality. In this paper, we describe our process for not only recruiting and engaging stakeholders but also for planning action based on their feedback. Similar processes could be used by other researchers and clinical organizations seeking to incorporate technology into mental health interventions.
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Laradi, A., A. Mallet, H. Beaufils, M. Allouache, and F. Martinez. "HIV-associated nephropathy: outcome and prognosis factors. Groupe d' Etudes Néphrologiques d'Ile de France." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 9, no. 12 (December 1998): 2327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v9122327.
Abstract:
Records of 102 patients with biopsy-proven HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) admitted to 18 hospitals in the Paris area from 1984 through 1996 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics and clinical and laboratory features of the cohort were determined, and prognostic factors of renal and patient survival were analyzed. Renal and patient survival curves were estimated with the actuarial method. Prognostic factors were assessed by uni- and multidimensional analyses based on Cox regression models. Values were expressed as median with interquartile. The total population (median age 34) included 97% blacks and 71.5% males. Median patient follow-up was 165 d (range, 43 to 493). At the time of renal biopsy, median values of serum creatinine, proteinuria, and CD4+ cell count were 496 micromol/L, 6.5 g/24 h, and 48.5 cells/mm3, respectively. Fifteen patients were given steroids after the onset of HIVAN. Overall patient survival at 0.5, 1, and 3 yr was 73 +/- 5, 55 +/- 6, and 38 +/- 7%, respectively. The proportion of patients free of dialysis at 0.5, 1, and 3 yr was 73 +/- 5, 60 +/- 7, and 18 +/- 10%, respectively. Predictors of poor patient prognosis were a low CD4+ cell count (relative risk [RR; per 50 cells/mm3 decrease] 1.35; confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.6) and antiretroviral therapy before the onset of HIVAN (RR 1.9; CI, 1.05 to 3.6). Main independent factors associated with better renal outcome were: steroid therapy (RR 0.29; CI, 0.1 to 0.9); low proteinuria level (RR [per 50% decrease] 0.7; CI, 0.5 to 0.98); low serum creatinine (RR [per 1.1 mg/dl decrease] 0.78; CI, 0.7 to 0.87); and hemoglobin level (RR [per g/dl increase] 0.76; CI, 0.58 to 1.00). HIVAN is not a rare nephropathy in Paris and its suburbs. Renal prognosis and patient survival are better than what was reported previously. Steroids may delay the downward course of HIVAN. It is not certain that in the new era of HIV therapy, the possible renal benefits of corticosteroids outweigh their potential risks. The only reliable predictor of patient survival is the intensity of immunodeficiency.
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Belbachir, S., M. Elkadiri, A. Ouanass, and Siham Belbachir. "LES SYMPTOMES RESIDUELS DANS LA DEPRESSION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12568.
Abstract:
Si la remission de la depression est lobjectif therapeutique principal, la frequence de remissions partielles reste elevee. Les symptomes les plus frequemment rapportes sont propres a la depression notamment lanxiete et lirritabilite, lhumeur depressive, lasthenie et les troubles du sommeil. Les etudes sur la depression avec symptomes residuels restent peu nombreuses et concernent surtout des populations de patients hospitalises ou a forme sevère de depression. La presence de symptomes residuels est associee a un taux de rechutes depressives plus eleve, jusqua 5 fois plus rapidement que chez les sujets en remission sans symptomes residuels, a une augmentation du taux de suicides, une consommation de soins importante et un handicap social prononce. Les symptomes residuels constitueraient un marqueur clinique pour le pronostic surtout en termes de rechute et chronicite et devraient faire lobjet de strategies therapeutiques specifiques. Il nous a paru pertinent de selectionner une population de patients deprimes suivi en consultation psychiatrique. Notre objectif principal etait danalyser la frequence des symptomes residuels après 8 a 12 semaines de traitement antidepresseur et detudier les caracteristiques cliniques et sociodemographiques de ces sujets. La persistance de symptomes residuels après traitement dun episode depressif majeur est retrouvee dans environ un tiers des cas. Il existe des liens etroits entre persistance de symptomes residuels a lissue dun episode depressif majeur, et risque de nouvel episode depressif, comme le soulignent a la fois les recommandations de groupes dexperts et de societes savantes, et les etudes cliniques menees sur ce sujet. Parmi les facteurs de risque de survenue dun episode ulterieur, le poids de la persistance de symptomes residuels pourrait même être superieur a celui du nombre depisodes depressifs anterieurs. Les propositions therapeutiques, en cas de symptomes residuels, sappuyant sur des outils pharmacologiques ou psychotherapiques, sont essentiellement de deux types : potentialisation non specifique du traitement antidepresseur anterieur et adjonction de traitement ciblant specifiquement les symptomes residuels retrouves chez chaque patient jusqua leur disparition. If the remission of depression is the main therapeutic objective, the frequency of partial remissions is high. The most commonly reported symptoms are specific to depression: anxiety and irritability, depressed mood, asthenia, and sleep disturbances. Studies on depression with residual symptoms are few and concern hospitalized patients or patients with severe forms of depression. The presence of residual symptoms is associated with a higher rate of depressive relapse, up to 5 times faster than in subjects in remission without residual symptoms, an increase in the suicide rate and social handicap pronounced. The residual symptoms would constitute a clinical marker for the prognosis especially in terms of relapse and chronicity and should be the subject of specific therapeutic strategies.It seemed appropriate to select a population of depressed patients followed by psychiatric consultation. Our main objective was to analyze the frequency of residual symptoms after 8 to 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment and to study the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of these subjects. The persistence of residual symptoms after treatment of a major depressive episode is found in about a third of cases. There are close links between the persistence of residual symptoms after a major depressive episode, and the risk of a new depressive episode, as highlighted both by the recommendations of expert groups and learned societies, and clinical studies. The therapeutic proposals, in the event of residual symptoms, based on pharmacological or psychotherapeutic tools, are essentially of two types: non-specific potentiation of the previous antidepressant treatment and addition of treatment specifically targeting the residual symptoms found in each patient. There is an important consensus to continue therapeutic efforts until the disappearance of residual symptoms.
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Araya, Mario, Alfonso Vargas, and Alexander Cheves. "Nematode distribution in roots of banana (Musa AAA cv. Valery) in relation to plant height, distance from the pseudostem and soil depth." Nematology 1, no. 7 (1999): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508739.
Abstract:
AbstractThe horizontal and vertical distribution of plant parasitic root nematodes on banana (Musa AAA cv. Valery) was determined in a sandy clay loam in Costa Rica. Root samples were taken from soil blocks at distances of 0 to 30, 30 to 60, and 60 to 90 cm from the pseudostem, from 0 to 120 cm depth at intervals of 15 cm, and from plants of 120, 150, 180 or 210 cm high (non-flowering), plus a set from plants at flower stalk. The horizontal distance from the pseudostem affected the percentage of Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus spp., and total nematodes (R. similis + Helicotylenchus spp. + Meloidogyne spp. + Pratylenchus spp.). There was a significant effect of soil depth on the density of each genus. An interaction between soil depth and plant height and with horizontal distance was found for R. similis and total nematodes. For the three horizontal distances from the pseudostem, the percentage of each genus decreased with soil depth. Higher percentages of R. similis and total nematodes were found at 0 to 30 cm horizontal distance from the pseudostem than at greater distances in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile. Therefore, samples for monitoring nematode populations in bananas should be taken within a horizontal distance of 0 to 30 cm from the plant base and down to 30 cm deep from the soil surface. Additional studies are needed to relate the nematode population density at this sampling point to yield. Repartition des nematodes dans les racines du bananier (Musa AAA cv. Valery) en relation avec la hauteur de la plante, la distance au pseudo tronc et la profondeur du sol - La repartition horizontale et verticale des nematodes parasites du bananier (Musa AAA cv. Valery) a ete determinee dans un sol sablo-argileux, au Costa Rica. Les echantillons de racines ont ete preleves dans les blocs de sol extraits a differentes distances (de 0-30, de 30-60 et 60-90 cm) et profondeurs (de 0 a 120 cm avec des intervalles de 15 cm) du pseudo tronc des plantes: ces plantes, non encore fleuries, etaient de differentes hauteurs (120, 150, 180 et 210 cm). Quelques plantes entre le premier et le huitieme jour apres floraison ont egalement ete testees. La distance horizontale affecte le pourcentage de Radopholus similis et de Pratylenchus spp., et le nombre total de nematodes (R. similis + Helicotylenchus spp. + Meloidogyne spp. + Pratylenchus spp.). La profondeur du sol affecte la densite de population pour chaque genre. Pour R. similis et le nombre total de nematodes; il existe des interactions entre la profondeur du sol et la hauteur de la plante et entre la profondeur du sol et la distance horizontale. Le pourcentage de chacun des genres decroit avec la profondeur du sol aux trois distances au pseudo tronc. Les pourcentages les plus eleves de R. similis et du nombre total de nematodes ont ete trouves de 0 a 30 cm de profondeur. De ces resultats, il est conclu que pour etudier correctement les populations des nematodes du bananier, les echantillons de racines devraient ete preleves dans les premiers 30 cm de distance au pseudo tronc et jusqu'aux premiers 30 cm de profondeur du sol. Des etudes complementaires sont necessaires pour mieux etablir les rapports entre la densite des populations de nematodes dans ces points d'echantillonnage et le rendement.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Etudes de population":
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Zhao, Wei. "Etudes pharmacocinétiques en pédiatrie : pré-requis, modélisation et analyse de la variabilité génétique et non-génétique." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P613.
Abstract:
Les modifications de la composition corporelle, la maturation des différents organes et l’ontogenèse des enzymes de métabolisme et de transport des médicaments sont responsables d’importantes variabilités de la pharmacocinétique, liées au développement chez l’enfant. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les différentes étapes permettant de réaliser les études pharmacocinétiques en pédiatrie dans des conditions optimales : analyse de la littérature et notamment des données adultes, pré-requis analytiques, planification et réalisation de l’étude, analyse des données obtenues. Les résultats permettent ensuite d’améliorer la prise en charge thérapeutique chez l’enfant s’appuyant, si nécessaire, sur une optimisation du monitoring. Nos travaux ont porté sur ces différentes étapes, illustrées chacune par un exemple. 1) les pré-requis analytiques sont représentés par la mise au point du dosage de la ciprofloxacine en micro HPLC-MS, 2) la réalisation de l’étude et l’analyse des données de pharmacocinétique classique sont illustrées à travers l’exemple des antirétroviraux chez les enfants infectés par le VIH, 3) la réalisation de l’étude et l’analyse des données de pharmacocinétique de population sont illustrées par les études des immunosuppresseurs chez les enfants transplantés rénaux. La prise en compte puis l’analyse de l’impact de la variabilité pharmacogénétique sont incluses dans ces études, 4) l’utilisation du modèle de pharmacocinétique de population dans le suivi thérapeutique est présentée avec deux médicaments souvent utilisés en néphrologie qui sont le mycophénolate mofétil pour la néphrose et le valganciclovir pour le CMV. La thèse présente ainsi les différents aspects des études pharmacocinétiques en pédiatrie, et en particulier l’utilisation de la modélisation pour décrire et expliquer la variabilité pharmacocinétique chez l’enfant et optimiser secondairement le monitoringThe organ maturation, changes in body composition and ontogeny of metabolising enzymes and transporters are responsible for the developmental changes of pharmacokinetics in children. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the different steps of the pharmacokinetic studies in children (requirements, conduction and data analysis). The results will optimise drug use including therapeutic drug monitoring. The thesis includes studies concerning these different steps illustrated by examples 1) analytical requirements were demonstrated by the development of a highly sensitive analytical method of ciprofloxacin with micro-HPLC-MS, 2) the conduct and data analysis of classical pharmacokinetic studies were demonstrated with the example of antiretroviral drugs in HIV infected children, 3) the conduct and data analysis of population pharmacokinetic studies were illustrated by the use of immunosuppressants in renal transplant children. In addition, integration of pharmacogenetic variability was included in these studies. 4) the importance of population pharmacokinetic modelling for therapeutic drug monitoring was also demonstrated with two drugs frequently used in nephrology which are mycophenolate mofetil in patients with nephrotic syndrome and valganciclovir in cytomegalovirus infected patients. The thesis illustrates the different aspects of pharmacokinetic studies and primarily, modelisation in order to describe and explain pharmacokinetic variability in children and then optimise monitoring
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Salama, Younes Sayed Ahmed Marei. "Etudes sociocognitives des besoins fondamentaux : échelles de mesure et application sociocognitive pour une population d'étudiant de l'université." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659689.
Abstract:
Cette thèse avait pour principal objectif d'explorer le caractère normatif de trois besoins dits fondamentaux : le besoin d'évaluer, le besoin de cognition et le besoin de clôture. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il nous a fallu dans un premier temps une validation rigoureuse des trois échelles de mesures habituellement utilisées : Need for Cognition Scale, Need to Evaluate Scale et Need for Closure Scale . Dans cette perspective, trois études distinctes relatives à ce processus de validation ont été effectuées. Une version française épurée pour chacune des échelles a été établie (partie 2, chapitres 1, 2 et 3). Puis à la manière dont cela est réalisé dans les travaux portant sur la normativité de l'internalité, nous avons eu recourt aux paradigmes des juges et d'identification pour tester notre hypothèse de normativité des besoins en vue de poser les premiers jalons d'une conception socio-normative des besoins. Selon le paradigme des juges, les résultats obtenus montrent que les individus évaluent mieux les individus manifestant une forte adhésion aux besoins d'évaluer, de cognition ou de clôture. En revanche, si le paradigme d'identification confirme nos hypothèses de normativité des besoins d'évaluer et de cognition, il manque à apporter un soutien évident à l'hypothèse de normativité du besoin de clôture
3
Salama, Younes Mareï. "Etudes sociocognitives des besoins fondamentaux : échelles de mesure et application sociocognitive pour une population d'étudiant de l'université." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20052/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse avait pour principal objectif d’explorer le caractère normatif de trois besoins dits fondamentaux : le besoin d’évaluer, le besoin de cognition et le besoin de clôture. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il nous a fallu dans un premier temps une validation rigoureuse des trois échelles de mesures habituellement utilisées : Need for Cognition Scale, Need to Evaluate Scale et Need for Closure Scale . Dans cette perspective, trois études distinctes relatives à ce processus de validation ont été effectuées. Une version française épurée pour chacune des échelles a été établie (partie 2, chapitres 1, 2 et 3). Puis à la manière dont cela est réalisé dans les travaux portant sur la normativité de l’internalité, nous avons eu recourt aux paradigmes des juges et d’identification pour tester notre hypothèse de normativité des besoins en vue de poser les premiers jalons d’une conception socio-normative des besoins. Selon le paradigme des juges, les résultats obtenus montrent que les individus évaluent mieux les individus manifestant une forte adhésion aux besoins d’évaluer, de cognition ou de clôture. En revanche, si le paradigme d’identification confirme nos hypothèses de normativité des besoins d’évaluer et de cognition, il manque à apporter un soutien évident à l’hypothèse de normativité du besoin de clôtureThe main objective of this thesis was to explore the normative character of three needs known as fundamental: the need for cognitive, need to evaluate and need for closure. To achieve this goal, we initially needed a rigorous validation of the three scales usually used: Need for Scale Cognition, Need to Evaluate Scale and Need for Closure Scale. From this point of view, three distinct studies relative to this process of validation were carried out. A French version purified for each scale was established (part 2, chapters 1, 2 and 3).Then with the way in which that is carried out in work relating to the normatively of the internality, we had resorts to the Judges and identification paradigms to test our assumption of normatively of the needs in order to pose the first stakes of a socio-normative design of the needs. According to the Judges paradigm, the results obtained show that the individuals evaluate the individuals best expressing a strong adhesion with the needs to evaluate, of cognition or closure. On the other hand, if the identification paradigm confirms our assumptions of normatively of the needs to evaluate and cognition, it misses to give an obvious support for the assumption of normatively of the need for closure
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Ameline, Anaïs. "Religion et discrimination : etudes psychosociales de l'islamophobie et de ses conséquences chez une population de confession musulmane." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2038/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse s’intéresse à la question de la discrimination en raison de son appartenance à la religion musulmane. Concrètement, ce travail universitaire se compose de deux parties. La première partie avait pour objectif de proposer une version francophone fiable et valide d’une échelle d’islamophobie. Pour ce faire, trois études composées respectivement de 104, 122 et 192 participants, ont été réalisées. Les résultats confirment la structure bidimensionnelle de cette échelle. Ils valident également la fidélité et la validité de construit de cet outil. La discussion porte sur les implications théoriques et pratiques de cette échelle d’islamophobie. La seconde partie, quant elle, a été consacrée à l’étude de la discrimination perçue et de ses conséquences. Ainsi, 79 participants ont intégré la première étude et 88 la seconde. Les résultats de ces deux recherches sont mitigés. Ils révèlent néanmoins que les participants qui perçoivent de la discrimination dans les médias développent des stratégies d’identification afin de contrer les effets délétères de cette stigmatisation. La discussion met en exergue la difficulté d’étudier la discrimination religieuse perçue compte tenu de l’hostilité dirigée vers les musulmans et du contexte sociopolitique peu apaisé qui entoure ce débatThis doctoral dissertation focuses on the question of discrimination on the grounds of belonging to the Muslim religion. Concretely, this academic work consists of two parts. The first part was aimed at proposing a reliable and valid francophone version of a scale of Islamophobia. To do so, three studies were carried out, each consisting of 104, 122 and 192 participants. The results confirm the two-dimensional structure of this scale. They also validate the fidelity and build validity of this tool. The discussion focuses on the theoretical and practical implications of this Islamophobia scale. The second part was devoted to the study of perceived discrimination and its consequences. Thus, 79 participants participated in the first study and 88 participants in the second study. The results of these two studies are mixed. Nevertheless, they reveal that participants who perceive discrimination in the media develop identification strategies to counteract the deleterious effects of this stigma. The discussion highlights the difficulty of studying perceived religious discrimination in view of the hostility towards Muslims and the relentless socio-political context surrounding this debate
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Loiseau, Claire. "Réponses au stress environnemental et à la pression parasitaire en populations naturelles : approches physiologique et génétique : Etudes chez le moineau domestique Passer domesticus." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066468.
Abstract:
Les stress environnementaux, tels que la déplétion de ressources ou le climat, et l’impact des pathogènes sur les individus sont des sources de sélection naturelle importantes. Aussi, nous avons abordés la compréhension de ces pressions de sélection par différentes approches. Les effets potentiels du stress environnemental, à court et long terme, sur le comportement et la physiologie des individus ont été étudiés de manière expérimentale dans une population naturelle de moineau domestique (Passer domesticus). Aussi la corticostérone, sécrétée en réponse au stress, aurait de multiples effets sur l’organisme, condition-dépendante. Cette hormone serait un bon candidat pour expliquer le maintien des variations phénotypiques de certains traits et l’honnêteté des signaux. Par ailleurs, dans le cadre d’un suivi national de populations de moineaux domestiques, nous nous sommes focalisés sur les interactions hôte-parasite. Nous avons mis en évidence l’existence d’associations, population-spécifique, entre allèles du complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité et la résistance ou la susceptibilité aux parasites de la malaria aviaire. La sélection variant dans le temps et l’espace entraînerait ce mécanisme d’adaptation locale. Ainsi, les pressions de sélection, que sont les parasites et l’habitat, seraient sources de variations sur les paramètres démographiques tel que les survies juvénile et adulte.
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CLARET, LAURENT. "Developpement d'une approche methodologique non-parmetrique pour la description de la variabilite des donnees physiopathologiques et pharmacocinetiques, issues des etudes de population au cours des phases du developpement d'un medicament." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22967.
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Doumic, Marie. "Etudes de modèles de croissance et fragmentation et applications en biologie." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844123.
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Guicharnaud-Tollis, Michèle. "Littérature et société à Cuba (1810-1850) : images de la population de couleur." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30016.
Abstract:
Dans la litterature de voyage etrangere -europeenne et nord-americaine-, et dans la la litterature de fiction autochtone, on a successivement etudie les differentes images proposees de la population de couleur cubaine de la premiere moitie du xixe siecle. Confrontes aux donnees des historiens de l'epoque souvent utilisees, les apports de la premiere permettent de nuancer les informations officielles, mais aussi, a travers la description et l'evocation de la vie coloniale, d'apprehender les visees politiques de l'etranger a l'epoque. Souvenir de villegiature prive, ou compte-rendu de mission scientifique ou politique, la relation de voyage reste toujours critique, parce qu'elle donne la vision du temoin oculaire sensible aux defaillances du systeme colonial espagnol. En contrepoint, et sur la meme question, la litterature autochtone produite par une minorite de creoles eclaires apporte le point de vue interne. En se livrant d'abord a une cubanisation culturelle poussee (de 1837 a 1839), puis en sollicitant les modeles etrangers dans les domaines scientifique, technique et litteraire, les intellectuels cubains de l'epoque affichent une volonte farouche de consommer, effectivement et a des degres divers, le divorce d'avec la metropole. Dans le roman domestico-citadin, comme dans le roman rural, par l'interet qu'ils portent a la population de couleur, et par l'image qu'ils en donnent, -aussi bien dans leurs efforts pour favoriser l'accroissement de la population blanche, que dans leur evocation des horreurs de l'esclavage-, les ecrivains montrent l'emergence d'une pensee antiesclavagiste qui, issue de l'humanisme chretien traditionnel mais corrigee par les premieres convictions evolutionnistes, ne va pas sans nuances ni contradictions. Ainsi l'histoire culturelle cubaine de la premiere moitie du xixe siecle permet d'entrevoir comment le mouvement des idees qui, quelques annees plus tard, devait conduire a l'abolition de l'esclavage et a l'emancipation insulaire, a ete le fait des esprits les plus eclaires du momentIn foreign literature -european and north american- dealing with travel as in native fiction, the different images of the coloured population of cuba during the first half of the nineteenth century have been successively studied. When placed against the often quoted material from contemporary historians, the contribution made by the former allows us to qualify the official records, but also, through the description and the impressions of the colonial way of life, to isolate the various ambitions, not all of which were desinterested, for cuba at that time. Whether in the form of souvenirs of a private holiday or a report on a scientific or political expedition, such eye-witness accounts are invariably critical, stemming as they do from commentators particularly sensitive to the most glaring weaknesses of the spanish colonial system. To counterbalance this, and on the same subject, the native literature produced by a minority of enlightened creoles gives the inside view. First of all by letting themselves go towards an advanced form of cultural cubanization from 183740, then by turning to foreign models in scientific, technical and literary fields, the cuban intellectuals of that period marked their irrepressible desire, effectively and to varying degrees, to go through with their divorce from the metropolis. Writers of the domestic urban novel, as well as those of the rural one, show the emergence of an anti-slavery line of thought by their keen interest in the coloured population and the image it projects. This is evident as much from their efforts to encourage the growth of the white population as in their evocation of the horrors of slavery. The anti-slavery line of thought, thus sketched, stems from traditional christian humanism, but is corrected by the first evolu- tionist convictions, and is not without its contradictions and qualifications. Thus we can say that the cultural history of cuba, during the first half of the nineteenth century, allows us to grasp the evolution of ideas which, several years later, resulted in the abolition of slavery, and that the emancipation of the island was due to the most enlightened minds of t
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Peyret, Guzzon Marine. "Etudes moléculaires de la diversité des communautés et populations de champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (Glomeromycota)." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS065/document.
Abstract:
La symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscules, dont l’apparition est conjointe à celle des plantes terrestres il y a 460 millions d’années, est une association mutualiste à bénéfices réciproques qui s’instaure entre la plupart des plantes terrestres, y compris celles cultivées, et des microorganismes ubiquitaires du sol que sont les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (CMA, phylum des Glomeromycota). Lors cette symbiose, le fort potentiel d’amélioration de la nutrition minérale des plantes, et donc de la production végétale, est un atout dans le contexte mondial actuel d’augmentation de la demande de la production agricole. Afin d’optimiser les services écosystémiques des CMA dans les écosystèmes et en particulier les agroécosystèmes, la maîtrise de cette symbiose en ingénierie écologique nécessite la compréhension des mécanismes complexes qui régissent la dynamique de cette symbiose dans ces écosystèmes. Pour cela, nous avons étudié la diversité des communautés et des populations de CMA dans les agroécosystèmes à différentes échelles spatiales et sous l’influence de différentes pratiques culturales par des techniques d’empreintes moléculaires: séquençage haut-débit et polymorphisme de longueur de fragments de restriction. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la structuration de la diversité des CMA est influencée par le type d’usage de sol (prairie vs. culture), les pratiques culturales (retournement du sol, fertilisation et système de culture) ainsi que par les facteurs abiotiques (e.g. pH du sol). En conclusion, ces différents facteurs sont à prendre en compte dans l’optimisation des services écosystémiques des CMAThe arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, which appeared at the same time as land plants, 460 million years ago, is a mutualistic beneficial association between most land plants, including those cultivated, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF, from the Glomeromycota phylum, are widespread soil microorganisms needing a photosynthetic host to complete their life cycle (obligate symbionts). The great potential of plant mineral nutrition improvement and crop production increased during this symbiosis, make AMF an asset in the context of an increase in the demand of world food crop production. The control of that symbiosis by ecology engineering in order to improve ecosystem services, especially in agroecosystems, needs to better understand the mechanisms regulating its dynamic. Therefore, we studied community and population diversity of AMF under influences of different agricultural practices at several spatial scales using genetic fingerprinting methods: high-throughput sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results show that AMF diversity is structured by land use type (grassland vs. arable fields), cultural practices (soil disturbance, fertilizations, culturing systems) as well as environmental factors (e.g. soil pH). In conclusion, those different factors have to taken in account in AMF ecosystemic service managing
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Chang, Jian. "Etudes cinétiques et modélisation de la croissance d'une population mixte sur substrat complexe par couplage d'un réacteur discontinu à un spectromètre de masse." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612519v.
Books on the topic "Etudes de population":
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territoire, Cameroon Ministère des investissements publics et de l'aménagement du. Etudes socio-économiques régionales au Cameroun: Éradication de la pauvreté, amélioration des données sociales. Tunis, Tunisie: Dirasset-UREDS, 2000.
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Cameroon. Ministère des investissements publics et de l'aménagement du territoire. Etudes socio-économiques régionales au Cameroun: Éradication de la pauvrete, amélioration des données sociales. [Cameroun]: Ministère des Investissements Publics et de l'Aménagement du Territoire, 2000.
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Prairie, Robert. Etudes de la population de saumons juvéniles (Salmo salar L.) de la rivière York, Gaspésie, juillet 1987 et 1989. Pointe Claire, Qué: Centre de Technologie Noranda, 1990.
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Christine, Oppong, ed. Sex roles, population, and development in West Africa: Policy-related studies on work and demographic issues. Portsmouth, N.H: Heinemann, 1987.
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Hoffmann, David L. Peasant metropolis: Social identities in Moscow, 1929-1941. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.
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Ogyū, Sorai. Master Sorai's responsals: An annotated translation of Sorai Sensei Tōmonsho. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.
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Ducharme, Pierre. Etude de la population de Place-Royale. Québec: Ministère de la culture, 1993.
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Baba, Ould Boumeiss, ed. Etude sur lá population nomade en Mauritanie. [Nouakchott?]: Republique islamique de Mauritanie, Ministere du plan, Office national de la statistique, Projet MAU/92/P01, 1998.
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Tremblay, Micheline. Etude de la population de Place-Royale. [Québec]: Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère de la culture, 1993.
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Boumeiss, Baba Ould. Etude sur la population nomade en Mauritanie. [Mauritania]: Ministere du plan, office national de la statistique, Republic Islamique de Mauritanie, 1998.
Book chapters on the topic "Etudes de population":
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"Population active du moment (main-d’œuvre)." In Etudes méthodologiques (Ser. F), 55–84. UN, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/b02f9ca6-fr.
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"Exemples de séries complètes de questions sur l’activité économique dans les recensements de la population." In Etudes méthodologiques (Ser. F), 303–45. UN, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/09f0d934-fr.
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"Planification et conception des recensements de la population pour la collecte de données concernant des caractéristiques économiques." In Etudes méthodologiques (Ser. F), 11–37. UN, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/83f4729e-fr.
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"Le recensement de la population en tant que base des recensements fondés sur les ménages et des enquêtes sur les unités agricoles et économiques à petite échelle." In Etudes méthodologiques (Ser. F), 271–79. UN, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/92556a81-fr.
Conference papers on the topic "Etudes de population":
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Garcia-Mayor, Clara, and Gregorio Canales Martínez. "Poly-nuclear urban system, landscape identity and economic development: The Vega Baja of the Segura River (Alicante) case study." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5933.
Abstract:
In the last twenty years, the territory that comprises the Vega Baja of the Segura River (Alicante province) has experienced a drastic change in terms of how space is occupied. This is observable in the introduction of new uses that modify the configuration patterns of traditional settlements. This paper presents a typology characterization and classification of the evolution of traditional rural settlements which includes new emerging patterns of urban settlements in the Vega Baja’s context. This process has significantly impacted the landscape and the environment, as well as affecting how the local population relates to their living environment. The alluvial territory of the Vega Baja of the Segura River has been historically developed as a result of the expansion of its functional network systems —water canals, pathways, and settlements— which enable the occupation and colonization of extensive areas of marshy land. The territorial organization of this study’s area, developed over the course of eleven centuries, remained relatively stable until the 1990’s. However, in the last twenty-five years, the local economy has undergone restructuring, producing a mind-shift among local communities and resulting in a meaningful loss of crop production surface to make way for town-planning developments. The geographical area of this study is characterized by its intensive irrigated agricultural pattern. It is one of the last remaining Huerta European landscapes identified in the Dobris Report. Therefore, a more comprehensive and integrated approach to preserve identity and local cultural values is required so as to propose a sustainable economic development framework.References Antrop, M. (2005) ‘Why landscapes of the past are important for the future’, Landscape and Urban Planning 70, 21-34. Canales Martínez, G. y Ponce Sánchez, M. D. (2016) Pareceres sobre la Huerta del Bajo Segura. El poder de la Identidad y la Cultura en la valoración del Paisaje (Universidad de Alicante, Alicante). García-Mayor, C. y Canales Martínez, G. (2015) La Huerta de Orihuela en el Bajo Segura. Elementos funcionales en la construcción del paisaje (Universidad de Alicante, Alicante). García-Mayor, C. y Pérez Payá, M. D. (2014) La Huerta de la Vega Baja del río Segura: paisaje e identidad territorial (Lulu Press, Inc.) Gormsen E. (1981) ‘The spatio-temporal development of international tourism: Attempt at a centre-peripherary model’, Etudes & Mémoires 55, 150-70. VV.AA. (2011) ‘Urbanismo expansivo de la utopía a la realidad’, XXII Congreso Geógrafos Españoles AGE (Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante)