Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Études cinétique et thermochimique'
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Basquin-Petitnicolas, Laurence, and Denis Ablitzer. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation mathématique des cinétiques de nitruration et de dénitruration des alliages NiCr liquides." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL001N.
Full textDiedhiou, Ansoumane. "Étude hydrodynamique et valorisation énergétique pour transformation thermochimique de déchets de biomasse pour l’alimentation d’une briqueterie." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2355/document.
Full textIn view of the growing energy demand and the resulting environmental problems, biomass as an energy vector and at combination with thermochemical techniques for conversion into combustible gases, could be an interesting energy vector if it is produced in a sustainable manner. Indeed, increasing the energy mix, by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energies, has become an undeniable reality. As a result, agro-sylvo-pastoral residues have significant potential in Senegal in general and in particular in Ziguinchor region, formerly known as Senegal's granary, and valorisation technologies such as pyrolysis and gasification are among the most promising way for energy production. The Seaman’s dynamic model based on the determination of the intrinsic properties of the residues used has been implemented in order to simulate the flow of cashew, palm and peanut shells. Thus, the dynamic model developed will make it possible to study the influence of the operating conditions and rheological properties on the loading profiles which will conduct later of the best heat and mass transfers in the rotating furnaces in inert and reactive conditions. The best experimental conditions for this hydrodynamic study are: rotational speeds between 2 - 4 rpm, inclination of 1 °, and length to diameter ratio greater than or equal to 0.05. The gasification of the three residues under different atmospheres (100 % -H2O, 75 % -H2O / 25 %-CO2, 50 % -H2O / 50 % -CO2, 25 % -H2O / 75 % -CO2, and 100 % -CO2) and at different temperatures between 950 - 1050 °C in a fixed bed reactor enable to validate the results from the literature which clearly show the positive effect of temperature on the gasification kinetics of the various chars. The pyrolysis of our three samples gives yields of 36.44 % for the peanut shell, 37.28 % for the cashew shell and 39.97 % for the palm shell; and when gasified, it leads respectively at activation energies between 110 - 126 kJ / mol, 104 - 125 kJ / mol and 116 - 150 kJ / mol. The experimental measurements also show the influence of temperature on the Lower heating gas values (LHV) obtained (8 - 12 MJ/Nm3) and that, this LHV of gas is inversely proportional to the size of the biomass particles. Moreover, the gasification under mixed atmosphere of steam and carbon dioxide showed that the reactivity of the different chars depend on the increase of the concentration of water vapor. The overall assessment of such an experimental study on the hydrodynamic and thermal degradation of our residues aimed at controlling the phenomena within rotating furnaces (kilns) allows an initial analysis in the setting up of alternative fuels for the valorization of the local potentialities of the green region of Casamance
Thibert, Emmanuel. "Thermodynamique et cinétique des solutions solides HCl-H2O et HNO3-H2O : implications atmosphériques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755697.
Full textChatre, Lucas. "Étude et modélisation des phénomènes de transport et réactionnels dans un four à vis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB034.
Full textScrew conveyors are widely used in the chemical industry. Thanks to their mixing and transport capacity, they are used for a variety of applications (conveying, drying, pyrolysis, etc.). This technology is also used in the reprocessing of nuclear materials, in particular to stabilise plutonium oxalates into oxides. Numerous studies have been carried out on a laboratory scale to establish precisely the reaction mechanisms using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the physico-chemical properties of the species involved. The reactions involved are thermal decomposition of coupled carbon chains in a heterogeneous phase (solid/gas reactions). In a screw kiln reactor, heat, mass and momentum transfer phenomena can significantly modify the apparent reaction rate and consequently the progress of the calcination. The aim of this work is to improve a phenomenological simulation tool, enabling the transposition to larger scales the results of studies carried out in TGA on small quantities of powder assumed to be uniform in composition and temperature at all times. This work is carried out in uranium, used as a simulant for plutonium.The simulation tool is based on a compartment model, linked to the hydrodynamics of the powders in the reactor. Thus, a major part of the thesis focuses on the flow at the global and local scales. With regard to global mixing, the overflow point, which characterises the change in hydrodynamic regime, has been identified. The Residence Time Distribution (RTD) was also measured. Dimensionless models were developed to predict both the overflow point and the shape of the RTD. Concerning the local mixing, two experimental studies were carried out, using an optical system and image processing tools. The first one looked at the renewal of the surface of the powder bed, while the second one at the renewal of the particles within the screw-tube clearance. These hydrodynamic studies will allow a better understanding and a modeling of gas/solid and solid/wall interactions respectively. Dimensionless models have been developed to predict these characteristic parameters. Finally, the powder flow was studied in detail by modelling the rheology using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). First, the flow model and its parameters were calibrated using experimental measurements obtained in a rotating drum, a device with a simpler geometry and where the powder dynamics are similar to those observed in a screw conveyor. This model was then successfully compared with the experimental measurements carried out on the pilot-scale models. In the end, the model was able to provide information on data that is difficult to access experimentally within a screw conveyor, such as the thickness of the active layer or the flow velocities within the powder.TGA coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) studies were carried out to obtain robust kinetic and thermochemical data on the calcination of uranium oxalate in an oxidising and inert atmosphere, as well as on the conversion of UO2 to U3O8. Finally, the TGA signals obtained experimentally were modeled to validate the kinetic parameters.The screw kiln reactor simulation tool has been improved with a better representation of the phenomena taking place during the calcination of uranium oxalate in such apparatus. These improvements give access to the different temperature and concentration profiles of all the species in different predefined zones. The simulation tool is capable of predicting experimental data measured on the pilot screw kiln reactor
Danis, François. "Etude cinétique et thermochimique de réactions d'association de radicaux halogènes d'intéret atmosphérique." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10557.
Full textPetit, Gautier. "Analyses thermochimiques et cinétiques de l'auto-inflammation en mode HCCI des isomères du butane : développement et instrumentation d'un banc moteur dédié aux études de basse température." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Petit.pdf.
Full textEloundou, Jean Pascal. "Gélification de systèmes epoxy-amine : études cinétique, rhéologique et diélectrique." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0087.
Full textReactive epoxy - amine systems based on diglycidyl ether of 1,4 - butanediol (DGEBD) and 4,9 - dioxa 1,12 - dodecane diamine (4D) on the one hand and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 4,4' - methylenebis [3 - chloro 2,6 - diethylaniline] (MCDEA) on the other hand were studied using kinetic, rheological and dielectric methods. DGEBD/4D system is flexible (low Tg) and presents only gelation transition during polymerization. DGEBA/MCDEA system is rigid (high Tg) and presents both gelation and vitrification transitions. The kinetics of DGEBD/4D system, obtained using the method of thermostated tubes, agree well with the second order autocatalytic model during the whole curing. For DGEBA/MCDEA system, the reaction is chemically controlled until gelation and etherification reaction occurs. The curves of glass transition temperature versus conversion follow the equation of Pascault and Williams. The gel times found by rheological methods are identical to those obtained by kinetics. Above the maximum glass transition temperature, the power laws, which govern the evolutions of complex modulus, elastic modulus and viscosity, are verified in the vicinity of the gel point. The values of critical exponents are close to those predicted by the Rouse percolation model. In the case of DGEBA/MCDEA system, these power laws are less adapted at low temperatures. There are no manifestation of gelation on dielectric curves. A linear relation exists between glass transition temperature and ionic conductivity. Then, the knowledge of the initial and the final states of system considered allows to describe ionic conductivity using the model of Pascault and Williams
Henchi, Ferhat. "Stockage thermochimique d'énergie par utilisation de fluides réactifs régénérables et/ou semi-régénérables (FRR, FRSR)." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI188.
Full textMadad, Nidal. "Fractionnement et polymérisation enzymatique des lignosulfonates de sodium : études structurale, chimique, physico-chimique et cinétique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL055N/document.
Full textThis work aims to study the effect of diafiltration and enzymatic polymerization on the heterogeneity, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of lignosulfonates in solution. Membrane fractionation process was carried out by diafiltration. The lignosulfonates were fractionated into five fractions with different molecular weights and polydispersity ranging from 1400 g mol-1 to 19500 g mol-1 and from 1.4 to 3.5, respectively. The results indicate that diafiltration allows obtaining fractions which have enhanced and/or different properties from unfractionated product and a less heterogeneous distribution. Fractions with a weight average molecular weight between 2500 g mol-1 and 4300 g mol-1 have the largest concentration of hydroxyl and sulfonic groups which affect their properties, since they exhibit surface and antioxidant activities higher than unfractionated lignosulfonates. The enzymatic polymerization of lignosulfonates by laccase was studied in the presence or absence of mediator. The polymerization of lignosulfonates was observed as a product of their oxidation by SEC. The main factors influencing the polymerization of lignosulfonates are (i) a very high concentration of lignosulfonates (ii) the use of fungal laccases (laccase from Trametes versicolor) with a high redox potential (iii) the use of acetosyringone or violuric acid as mediator. The effect of the reactor mode (batch, continuous and semi continuous) of the polymerization of lignosulfonates has been reported. Comparison of the results of the three modes has shown that the continuous mode led to a significant increase in molecular weight (30600 Da) and the largest decrease of the polydispersity of the synthesized polymers (3.7). Thus, this mode of conducting the reaction is more suitable for homogeneous products
Nompex, Philippe. "Ozonation des bases puriques et pyrimidiques en milieu aqueux : études cinétiques et mécanismes." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2276.
Full textTeixeira, Gabriel. "Gazéification de charbon de granules de bois : comportement thermochimique et mécanique d’un lit fixe continu." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0010/document.
Full textMulti-stage gasification of biomass leads to the production of a clean synthetic gas that can easily be used for electrical and/or thermal energy. However, optimization of these processes in terms of conversion yield and flexibility regarding the type of biomass is a major industrial challenge. To that end, a key stage of the process was specifically studied in this thesis: char gasification in a continuous fixed bed reactor. Granulation is the solution proposed for making use of low density or small particle-size biomasses. The performance of two wood chars – made from wood chips and pellets – was studied at the same time using experimental and numerical tools. Experiments were first conducted in a very highly instrumented pilot reactor, reproducing this zone of the process. The profiles measured, namely temperature, gas composition, bed density and particle velocity formed a unique database revealing reactor performance. A very reactive zone under 5 cm thick was thus located at the top of the bed, or even significant compaction leading to a drop in particle velocity, in a ratio of 8. Granular char gasification led to the same final conversion rates and synthetic gas compositions as for the chars derived from wood chips. A numerical model of the study zone was then developed, based on solving conversion equations combined with reaction kinetics, using COMSOL software. Taking into account bed compaction and the apparent kinetics of the heterogeneous reactions on a particle scale in the reaction source terms were two specificities of the model. It enabled satisfactory reproduction of the profiles of the physical magnitudes measured, for various operating conditions and for the two charsstudied. Use of this model is already providing new and complementary experimental information; it will eventually make it possible to optimize the industrial process
Cochain, Benjamin. "Cinétique et mécanismes d'oxydoréduction dans les silicates fondus Études expérimentales de verres nucléaires simplifiés et d'échantillons naturels." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813321.
Full textSanglar, Corinne. "Prépolymères à terminaisons propargylique et chromène. : Synthèse, études physicochimiques, mécanismes et cinétique de polymérisation à l'état fondu." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3025.
Full textCochain, Benjamin. "Cinétique et mécanismes d’oxydoréduction dans les silicates fondus : études expérimentales de verres nucléaires simplifiés et d’échantillons naturels." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813321.
Full textThis work contributes to better understand iron redox reactions and mechanisms in silicate melts. It was conducted on compositions in both Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-FeO et Na2OAl2O3- SiO2-FeO systems. The influence of boron-sodium and aluminum-sodium substitutions and iron content on properties and structure of glasses and on the iron redox kinetics has been studied by Raman, Mössbauer and XANES spectroscopies at the B and Fe K-edges. In borosilicate glasses, an increase in iron content or in the Fe3+/Fe redox state implies a structural rearrangement of the BO4 species in the glass network whereas the BO3 and BO4 relative proportions remain nearly constant. In all studied glasses and melts, Fe3+ is a network former in tetrahedral coordination, unless for aluminosilicates of ratio Al/Na>1 where Fe3+ is a network modifier in five-fold coordination. Near Tg, diffusion of network modifying cations controls the iron redox kinetics along with a flux of electron holes. At liquidus temperatures, oxygen diffusion is considered to be the mechanism that governs redox reactions. This study shows the role played by the silicate network polymerization on the redox kinetics. In borosilicate melts, iron redox kinetics depends on the boron speciation between BO3 and BO4 that depends itself on the sodium content. Furthermore, an increase in the network-former/network-modifier ratio implies a decrease in oxygen diffusion that results in a slowing down of the redox kinetics. The obtained results allow a description of the iron redox kinetics for more complex compositions as natural lavas or nuclear waste model glasses
Chebil, Latifa. "Acylation des flavonoides par les llipases de Candida antarctica et Pseudomonas cepacia : études cinétique, structurale et conformationnelle." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL097N/document.
Full textThis work aims to study the performances and the regioselcetivity of two lipases throughout the acylation of flavonoids in organic medium. This study showed that the solubility in acetonitrile, acetone and tert-amyl alcohol depends on the nature of the flavonoid. The highest solubility, in actonitrile, was obtained with the naringenin and hesperitin and the lowest with rutin and isoquercitrin. The thermophysical properties are also affected by the nature of flavonoids. Thus glycosylated flavonoids are characterized by a low melting point and a high enthalpy of fusion compared to the aglycon ones. From the kinetic acylation data, the highest conversion yields of 99% were obtained with quercetin. These conversion yields vary according to the nature of the flavonoid and the acyl donor, the molar ratio (vinyl acetate/flavonoid) and the nature of the solvent. The lowest conversion yield was obtained with hesperitin. Molecular modeling of flavonoids in vacuum and solvents allows to study the role of conformation structure on solubility and to release the structure-activity relationship with many electronic descriptors. Finally, OPLS all atoms were built to study, by molecular dynamics, quercetin in condensed phases of organic solvents
Tizniti, Meryem. "Études de réactions d'intérêts atmosphérique et astrophysique à très basses températures." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S071.
Full textIn the present work, we focused our attention on two reactions involving a radical and a molecule, both neutral species at low temperatures. These reactions have been studied with the CRESU (Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme) technique allowing the gas flow to be guided in order to create a supersonic flow at low temperature, associated with PLP-LIF (Pulsed Laser Photolysis- Laser Induced Fluorescence) technique in order to measure rate constants. The thermodynamical study of the OH + O2 = HO3 reaction gave us the possibility to estimate the dissociation energy of the HO3 radical in order to evaluate its capacity to trap OH radicals. Indeed, if HO3 possesses a high dissociation energy, it represents an eventual sink for OH radicals. Kinetics of this reaction has also been studied. The kinetics of the reaction F + H2 → HF + H have been studied for the first time at very low temperatures (down to 11 K). This reaction has a non-negligible energetic barrier (6 kJ. Mol-1) which indicates that if it occurs at low temperatures, it is mainly because of quantum effects. These quantum effects are due to the presence of hydrogen atoms which permits the crossing of the barrier by the tunnelling effect
Féron, Olivier. "CVD/CVI du pyrocarbone : analyse in situ de la phase gazeuse ; études cinétique et structurale." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10540.
Full textZeghli, Abdellah. "Complexation du fer ferrique par des ligands dérivés du 2,2'-dihydroxybiphényle : études thermodynamique et cinétique." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10173.
Full textDao, Duy Quang. "Technologies de recombustion avancée des oxydes d'azote : études expérimentale et cinétique sur pilote semi-industriel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10008/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is firstly to evaluate the influences of principal working parameters on the NO reduction efficiency of the Reburning and Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) processes that use respectively methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) as reducing agent. The parametric studies of NO reduction were performed in a lab-scale plug flow reactor. The gaseous influents were analyzed by an analytic system of Fourier Transform lnfrared spectroscopy (FTlR). The principal operating parameters such as: the flue gas temperature, the residence time, the NO initial concentration and the reducing agent amount were systematically evaluated in the Reburning and SNCR mode. As a result. the maximum NO reduction efficiencies up to 90% and 80% are respectively obtained in the Reburning and classical SNCR mode. Several chemical compounds such as CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CH3OH, C2H5OH, CO and H2 are tested as additives of the NO reduction process by NH3. The experimental results obtained in the Reburning mode are compared with the modeling ones obtained by the SENKIN-CHEMKIN Il calculation code in using four detailed kinetic mechanisms: GDF-Kin®3.0_NCN (El Bakali et col, 2006), GIarborg (Glarbarg et col, 1998), GRI3.0 (Smith, et col,1999) et Konnov (Kannov et col, 2005). The detailed mechanism AA2006 (Coda Zabetta and Hupa, 20(8) is modified in order to analyze the chemical kinetic aspect of the intluences of additives on the NO reduction performance of SNCR process
Morabito, Daniel. "Production d'acide lactique par Lactobacillus casei sur lactoserum : études cinétiques, modélisation et simulation de procédé intégré." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_MORABITO_D.pdf.
Full textGomez, Nathalie. "Études cinétiques de quelques réactions bimoléculaires de CH3O et de la décomposition thermique unimoléculaire de C2H5O." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-355.pdf.
Full textFouqueau, Axel. "Réactivité des terpènes avec le radical nitrate : études cinétique et mécanistique en chambres de simulation atmosphérique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0015.
Full textBiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are strongly emitted by forests and crops in the atmosphere. They are very reactive towards nitrate radical, the main tropospheric oxidant during the night, and play a key role in atmospheric chemistry. These reactions lead to the formation of a variety of functionalized products (organic nitrates, carbonyl compounds ...) and to large amounts of secondary organic aerosols. Organic nitrates are the main nitrogen oxides reservoir. They directly influence reactive nitrogen and ozone budgets. Secondary organic aerosol has direct and indirect impacts on climate, due to its formation, its optical and hygroscopic properties and its chemical composition. The aim of this work is to understand these processes at the molecular scale, through kinetic and mechanistic studies of NO3 radical oxidation of several BVOCs.Kinetic and mechanistic studies have been performed for three monoterpenes ((C10H16), γ- and α-terpinene and terpinolene) and one sesquiterpene ((C15H24), β-caryophyllene) in atmospheric simulation chambers. These compounds have been chosen to highlight the influence of their chemical structures on their reactivities and to fill the lack of experimental data about their chemistry in the literature.For the kinetic part, rate constants have been measured with both relative and absolute methods. Due to their high reactivities, this study has requiered the development on the simulation chamber of an IBB-CEAS ((Incoherent Broad Band Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy) analysis pathway to measure nitrate radical at the ppt level. Mechanistic studies have been also conducted to identify and quantify the main reaction products. Organic nitrates and SOA yields have been calculated. Detected products allowed proposing reaction mechanisms
Marmillot, Philippe. "Études théoriques et expérimentales de structurations spatiales apparaissant dans un système biocatalytique compartimenté." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD303.
Full textMarefati, Hamid. "Cinétique de la consommation d'oxygène chez les cyclistes professionnels asthmatiques et non asthmatiques." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0028.
Full text37 professional cyclists (27 ± 4. 1 yr, 179. 7 ± 6. 8 cm, 71. 2 ± 6. 8 kg, VO2max: 67. 55 ± 5. 9 mL. Kg-1. Min-1, Wmax: 415 ± 35W) were separated in two groups characterized by Bronchial exercise Hyper Responsivness (BHR); BHR+: N=18 and BHR-: N=19 according to the following parameters: clinical investigation, lung function testing at rest and after exercise, and methacholine challenge. Subjects performed an incremental test (50W/3min) until exhaustion on a bike ergometer. Physiological parameters were measured continuously and recorded every 30s. The values of the last minute of each completed step were averaged and used for regression analysis below and above the ventilatory threshold. During the incremental test, the VO2/W relation of the BHR+ group exhibited a breakpoint with a steeper VO2 /W slope above compared to below VT (0. 497 ± 0. 031 vs. 0. 561 ± 0. 051, P<0. 0001) while the VO2/W relation was linear in the BHR- group. The VO2/W slope above VT was significantly higher in BHR+ compared to BHR- (P<0. 05). In this group of professional cyclists, lung function testing cannot always differentiate between subjects according to their BHR status. However, it appears that the VO2 kinetics during an incremental exercise test can be a discriminatory parameter contributing to the diagnosis of BHR. A possible factor for the excessive VO2 observed at workloads above VT in BHR+ may be the increased solicitation of respiratory muscles to compensate airways obstruction
Roux, Céline. "Aspects structuraux, mécanistiques et thérapeutiques de phosphomannose isomérases de type I et II : synthèse et études cinétiques de nouveaux inhibiteurs." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112320.
Full textPhosphomannose isomerases (PMI) are metalloenzymes catalyzing the reversible isomerization of mannose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. These enzymes, classified into three types according to their sequence and their physico-chemical properties, are essential for the survival and the proliferation of many microorganisms. The low sequence homology between bacterial, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and human enzymes suggest PMI as potential therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, crystallographic and inhibition studies were largely unexplored at the beginning of this work. So, elucidation of PMI's catalytic mechanism appears as a main goal. For this reason, in addition to research of new PMI activity tests, synthesis and kinetic studies of new potential inhibitors were investigated, as well as polarizable molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics studies of Candida albicans PMI. All the results allowed us to propose the first catalytic mechanism for the PMI-catalyzed reaction, underlying critical points: (i) the metallic cofactor of the active site would play an important role in the recognition and the stabilization of the substrate, as well as it would play a catalytic role as Lewis acid, (ii) the phosphate moiety in a secondary role would be essential for the molecule docking at the active site of the enzyme, and finally (iii) deprotonation of the substrate would imply a catalytic triade metal-Glu-Lys where the catalytic base would be the neutral lysine
Aubry, Cécile. "Modélisation et étude expérimentale des cinétiques de revenu/autorevenu d'aciers trempés : prévision des contraintes résiduelles de trempe dans un acier cémenté en incluant l'autorevenu." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL030N.
Full textPourcher, Thierry. "La mélibiose perméase d’Escherichia coli : études cinétique et moléculaire du co-transport proton, sodium ou lithium -sucre." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4306.
Full textGervaise, Christine. "Cultures d'hybridomes et de cellules vero-productrices d'hGH : études cinétiques, mises au point de réacteurs à membrane organique ou minérale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10410.
Full textSiampiringue, Marie. "Phototransformation de polluants organiques à la surface de sol : études cinétique et analytique sur supports modèles et sur sol réel." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860239.
Full textOrtiz, Cerda Imelda Elizabeth. "Procédé de production de caramels prébiotiques riches en dianhydrides de fructose : études cinétique et rhéologique à l'échelle laboratoire et extrapolation par CFD." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066070/document.
Full textThe functional food market (foods with beneficial properties for health) is increasing and is subject of important research in the food industry. The goal of this thesis has been experimental characterization of caramels with high proportion of di-fructose anhydrides (DFA) processes, using laboratory-scale experiments with the aim to design a semi-pilot-scale reactor by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). These caramels were prepared from a solution of fructose syrup with a resin catalyst. The influence of the ratio fructose/water, proportion of resin and temperature were studied. In a first step, a study was carried out to establish the kinetics laws from a simplified reaction mechanism. The results showed a DAF’s yield of up to 50% depending on the operating conditions. In a second step, the fluids involved in caramelization reaction were characterized. A behavior change outcome was observed during the reaction: the Newtonian fluid becomes non-Newtonian (rheofluidifying). In a third step, the hydrodynamic behavior was analyzed by CFD in order to propose a semi-pilot-scale reactor with similar results to laboratory scale. The numerical modeling based on non-dimensional numbers proposes a batch reactor with cylindrical geometry equipped with a stirrer of semi-circular type. The static mixer was also contemplated. In this case, the radial velocity of fluid (0.2 m.s-1) is the scale up factor. Finally, the low energy consumption of this continuous reactor represents a real advantage to produce caramel to industrial scale
El mercado de los alimentos funcionales (alimentos con propiedades benéficas para la salud) está en plena evolución y ha sidoobjeto de investigación en la industria alimentaria. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo caracterizar experimentalmente un proceso aescala de laboratorio para producir caramelos con alto contenido en dianhídridos de fructosa (DAF), con el fin de extrapolar a unaescala semi-piloto utilizando CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Estos caramelos son obtenidos a partir de jarabe de fructosautilizando una resina como catalizador. Se estudió la influencia de la proporción de fructosa, la proporción de resina y de latemperatura. En una primera etapa, se realizó un estudio para establecer las leyes de velocidad a partir de un mecanismo dereacción simplificado. El seguimiento cinético permitió alcanzar un rendimiento de hasta 50% en DAF dependiendo de lascondiciones operatorias. En una segunda etapa, se realizó una caracterización de los fluidos implicados en la reacción decaramelización. Un cambio en el comportamiento del fluido durante la reacción fue observado. El fluido newtoniano se comportacomo fluido no-newtoniano (adelgazante). En una tercera etapa, el comportamiento hidrodinámico del sistema fue analizadomediante CFD, a fin de proponer un reactor semi-piloto que presente resultados similares a los calculados para la escalalaboratorio. La propuesta resultante del modelo matemático basado en los números adimensionales, es un reactor por lotes con unageometría cilíndrica y un agitador de tipo semicircular. Un mezclado estático fue también conceptualizado. En este caso, lavelocidad radial del fluido (0,2 m.s-1) fue el factor de extrapolación del proceso. Por último, el bajo consumo de energía de estereactor continuo representa una verdadera ventaja para la producción de caramelos a nivel industrial
Gomez, ruiz Braulio. "Prédiction de la dégradation de la vitamine C en conditions de traitement thermique : étude en milieu modèle liquide entre 50 et 90 °C." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0002.
Full textVitamin C is often used as an indicator of labile nutrient retention in processed products because of its sensitivity to processing and conservation conditions. Understanding the behavior of vitamin C in complex matrices transformation processes is difficult, due to the importance of several parameters that affect its degradation (temperature, pH, exposure to light, the presence of oxygen and metal catalysts). Studying reactivity in a simple environment of known composition, under controlled conditions, is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms and for modelling in order to predict the impact of process parameters on the residual vitamin content. The present research aims at contributing to this goal for temperatures of a transformation process (50 - 90 °C), while decoupling the effect of concentration of dissolved oxygen (between 0 and 30%). To achieve this, a simple and rapid method of quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic (DHAA) was first developed and validated. It allowed obtaining a reaction database for different couples of temperature and oxygen concentration, in a buffered and perfectly stirred medium. Two kinetic models were developed: a simple reaction model to predict the degradation of AA, and a more complex model taking into consideration both oxidative and thermal degradation pathways on the degradation kinetics of AA and DHAA. Both models show a good fit to experimental data and a strong correlation between k1 reaction rate of the oxidation reaction and the stoichiometric coefficient β relative to oxygen. A linear relationship between β and temperature was also proposed
David, Marie-Odile. "Déplacement d'une réaction équilibrée par pervaporation : études expérimentales, modélisation et mise au point de membranes catalytiques et séparatrices." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_DAVID_M_O.pdf.
Full textPronovost, Stéphanie. "Études des phénomènes photochimiques des nitrates et analyse de la cinétique lors de la photolyse de l'acide nitrique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4910.
Full textSimon, Yves. "Etude des réactions d'oxydation du n-heptane et de l'isooctane." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL102N.
Full textAghnatios, Carole. "Études d'interactions entre le dioxyde d'azote et des particules minérales d'intérêt atmosphérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10022/document.
Full textThere is no doubt nowadays that heterogeneous processes of atmospheric chemistry affect significantly the radiation balance and the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. The goals of our study are the identification of heterogeneous tropospheric reactions and the determination of their kinetic parameters such as the uptake coefficient (y). On one band, the heterogeneous interactions between NO2 and aqueous surfaces (H2O, HNO3, H2SO4, NaCI) were monitored with a wetted wall flow tube reactor coupled to an UV Visible absorption spectrometer. We have measured uptake coefficients in the range of 10-7/10-6 al ambient temperature and for NO2 densities between 1014 and 1016 cm-3. We have observed an enhancement of y as function of the NO2 density. On the other band, the heterogeneous interactions between NO2 and solid minerai surfaces (NaCl and
Stien, Gilles. "Mise en oeuvre de Lactococcus Lactis subsp. Lactis Biovar. Diacetylactis et de Leuconostoc Mesenteroides subsp. Cremoris en cultures pures et en co-cultures : études cinétiques et suivi en ligne de l'influence de l'acide citrique et du pH sur le comportement métabolique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL107N.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse, to understand and to quantify the influence of operating conditions on metabolic behavior, on growth kinetics and on aromatic compounds production kinetics of two mesophilic lactic acid bacteria : Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis biovar. Diacetylactis and Leuconostoc mesentieroides subsp. Cremoris. The first part of this work deals with the perfecting and the validation of original analytical methods used for on-line and out-line monitoring of about tend different compounds. This part leads to the utilization of a membrane gas sensor for the on-line volatile compound analysis and of a steile liquid auto-sampler for the on-line detection of other compounds. In a second part, studies in pure cultures led to show and to quantify pH influence on kinetics and metabolisms of bacteria and to specify the importance of the role of citric acid in general metabolism of the two studied species. The third part deals with the use of the two types of bacteria in mixed cultures at different pH values and analyse the kinetic results
Heisbourg, Guillaume. "Synthèse, caractérisation et études cinétique et thermodynamique de la dissolution de ThO_2 et des solutions solides Th_(1-chi)M_(chi)O_2 (M=U,Pu)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005511.
Full textGoergen, Jean-Louis. "Cultures continues d'hybridomes : études cinétiques et modélisation de l'influence de paramètres physicochimiques sur la croissance, le décès et le métabolisme des cellules." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL038N.
Full textPaintaud, Gilles. "Cinétique de l'absorption digestive des médicaments et influence de la vitesse d'absorption sur l'effet pharmacologique : études avec l'amoxicilline, l'ofloxacine, la quinine et le furosemide." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA3704.
Full textHablot, Isabelle. "Réaction liquide-liquide-gaz : études thermodynamique et cinétique d'une hydrogénation d'oléfine catalysée par un complexe de coordination solubilisée en phase aqueuse." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT021G.
Full textTorchane, Lazhar. "Mise au point d'un modèle cinétique de croissance de couches de nitrures et de carbonitrures de fer lors d'un traitement de nitruration en phase gazeuse au moyen des mélanges NH₃-N₂-H₂, NH₃-Ar et NH₃-Ar-C₃H₈." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL065N.
Full textGrishechko, Liudmila. "Études des procédés de conversion de la lignine de bois en hydrocarbures liquides et en aérogels." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0248/document.
Full textThe present thesis describes the development of processes which can be used for valorizing wood extracts in the aim of preparing: (1) liquid (hydrocarbon) fuels; (2) porous materials with potential energy and environmental applications, namely thermal insulation, catalysis, abatement or separation of micropollutants. The wood extracts in question are lignins, associated or not with tannins. Both kinds of materials are presently poorly valorized, and it is shown here that they can lead to high added-value products through the processes reported in this PhD dissertation
Dal'Maz, Silva Walter. "Mise au point de la carbonitruration gazeuse des alliages 16NiCrMo13 et 23MnCrMo5 : modélisation et procédés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0158/document.
Full textThe development of engineering materials combining both toughness and wear resistance is still a challenge. Aiming to contribute to this field of study, this thesis presents a study of the carbonitriding process of alloys 16NiCrMo13 and 23MnCrMo5. Kinetics of hydrocarbon- and ammonia-based atmospheres, as well as local equilibrium and diffusion kinetics for achieving the enrichment profiles, are studied by numerical simulation. These simulations are compared to chromatography measurements of gas phase pyrolysis products of acetylene and ammonia decomposition, and with metallurgical responses, where the comparison is made with evaluated diffusion profiles, hardness measurements and the identification of precipitates by transmission electron microscopy. Hardness after quench and cryogenic treatment depends on the square root of total solid solution interstitial content simulated by using local carbon and nitrogen compositions obtained experimentally. After tempering, the regions enriched in nitrogen show better hardness stability than those with same total carbon interstitial content, what was linked to a fine precipitation of iron nitrides observed by transmission electron microscopy. Mole balance of pyrolysis products show that the main non-detected species are high-carbon radicals, which may also lead to the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of high molecular weight at the reactor outlet. At both atmospheric and reduced pressures, constant concentration enrichment boundary conditions were established by using low partial pressures of acetylene diluted in nitrogen. Pyrolysis of this precursor attains high conversion rates at treatment conditions given the important residence time of the atmospheric pressure reactor. Ammonia decomposition kinetics being much slower than that of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, it was possible to identify the decomposition rate of this species over a metallic sample during a treatment
Landazuri, Gomez Gabriel. "Les études de la dynamique du système micellaire P103/Eau et système de rhéoépaississement CTA-n-Fluorobenzoato." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955891.
Full textPont, Frédéric. "Études cinétiques in vivo du métabolisme des lipoprotéines chez l'homme par spectrométrie de masse isotopique et modélisation compartimentale : application à l'insulinorésistance." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOMU09.
Full textAltenor, Sandro. ""Etude physico-chimiques d'algues et de charbons actifs issus de déchets lignocellulosiques de la caraïbe et faisabilité de leur application pour le traitement des eaux"." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0235.
Full textThree agricultural by-products or biomass waste of the Caribbean: vetiver roots (Vetiveria zizanioides), sugar cane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L. ) and a marine macro algae (Turbinaria turbinata) are used as activated carbon (AC) precursors. ACs were produced by steam activation with ACs yields of 13% (vetiver roots), 11% (sugar cane bagasse) and 21% (turbinaria), on the other hand by phosphoric acid activation, the ACs yields are 48% (vetiver roots), 47% (sugar cane bagasse) and 49% (turbinaria). Nitrogen adsorption at 77 K shows that, a mixed microporous and mesoporous structure of the ACs. A new method of calculating the specifie surface area depending of the 0 and KF has been established for 0 values between 0 and 0. 2: Steam activation provides basic ACs, while chemical activation by phosphoric acid provides acidic ACs. Phenol and methylene blue (MS) were used to characterize liquid phase adsorption. In addition, chromium (Cr+6) adsorption were also studied on raw turbinaria and its derived ACs. Ln addition, the combination of the Freundlich and BET isotherms in liquid phase allowed to establish a relationship that can be used to determine the area occupied by the solute molecules on ACs surface: with 0. 01 < bLCe < 0. 3 and 1 1n <0. 2 Finally, manufacturing costs ofvetiver roots ACs in Haiti were estimated. This estimation showed that chemical activation will be more economical: dollard 1. 00 to dollard 1. 121kg against dollard 1. 27/kg for the steam activation
Sandré, Anne-Laure. "Nouveau procédé de dissolution-précipitation pour l’exploitation de minerais nickélifères oxydés par voie hydrométallurgique : études cinétiques, modélisation et calcul de réacteurs." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0037.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to build a predictive model for a continuous industrial unit combining simultaneously nickel ore dissolution and iron precipitation. A two steps method was used. First experiments in batch or semi-batch reactors were done in order to understand and model separately the different phenomenon that take place. Then all the equations and associated constants were used to build a model. This work allowed some advances both on the system studied and on the methods used. First thermodynamics of Na-Fe(III)-H2SO4 solutions in the 70-100°C temperature range was clarified and natrojarosite solubility constant Na0,84H0,16Fe2,90(SO4)2(OH)5,7 was deduced. Secondly parameters acting on sodium and potassium jarosite precipitation were highlighted and their growth kinetics were deduced through an original use of caracterisctics method. Then ore dissolution kinetics were found, taking into account different ores phases and their granulometry. After deducing all the necessary parameters, an original model allowing to simulate a cascade of dissolution/precipitation reactors with recyling loop was build and validated. This conception tool, coupled with a technico-economic study allows the optimisation of such a process
Brison, Yoann. "Contribution à la compréhension du mécanisme de formation de dextranes ou gluco-oligosaccharides ramifiés en alpha-1,2 par l'enzyme GBD-CD2 : études cinétique et structurale." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0035/document.
Full textGBD-CD2 is a recombinant alpha-(1→2) transglucosidase constructed by truncation of the DSR-E dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1299. From sucrose, GBD-CD2 catalyses the alpha-(1→2) branching reaction onto acceptor molecules such as dextrans, isomalto-oligosaccharides or gluco-oligosaccharides (GOS; [6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1→]n-alpha-D-Glcp-(1→4)-D-Glcp, 1
Constantin, Hervé. "La biodénitrification d'un effluent industriel fortement chargé : études cinétiques, conception d'un réacteur à lit fluidisé, et modélisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_CONSTANTIN_H.pdf.
Full textHajj, Viviane. "Transfert couplé électron/proton et coupure de liaisons dans les systèmes bio-inspirés : études mécanistiques par électrochimie de l'oxydation d'une paire guanine-cytosine et de la coupure réductrice de liaison oxygène-oxygène assistée en présence d'un groupe donneur de proton." Paris 7, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712330.
Full textThe electron transfer associated with proton transfer or bond breaking is an important process often presented in naturel and biological System. Understanding the mechanistic issues involved in the operation of these Systems allows us to understand, imitate and exploit them. Two bio-inspired Systems have been studied by direct electrochemistry, the oxidation of a guanine paired to a cytosine with hydrogen bonds and the reduction of a cycloperoxide assisted by the presence of a proton donnor group. The match between DMA bases through hydrogen bonding has no effect on the kinetic and thermodynamic of the oxidation of a guanine. The reaction is kinetically controlled by the first stage of electronic transfer and the mechanism involved is sequentiel. The reductive cleavage of the O-O bond of the cycloperoxide assisted by the presence of a proton donor group is compared to another System in which the carboxylic acid function is replaced by a methoxy group. An offset of 700 mV was observed between the pic potential of both compounds indicating that the gain offered by the protonation step is expressed in the kinetic of the reaction. Consequently the dissociative electron transfer and the proton transfer are al concerted. A new simplified kinetic model was established to describe the dynamics of such a mechanism called « all in concert »