Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Etude des usages'
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CLARET, ARNAUD. "Etude et usages des lobes secondaires du telescope spatial sigma." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077132.
Full textGuillemot, Valérie. "Le référentiel, organisateur du dit « coaching » ? : Etude socio clinique de ses usages." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3021.
Full textMarket supply over the word « coaching » is confusing for customers and partners, and for coaches themselves. With occupational didactics as a line of sight, and a socio-clinical comprehensive approach to study the case of six coaches, this research comes to the conclusion that the reference table appears to be more an indicator than an organizer of what is called « coaching ». Because coaching has not yet been conceptualized, there is no consensus on its definition, nor on a reference table, or on ways of teaching it and it lacks recognition. Using four organizers of human businesses, which are the relationships to knowledge, to norms and standards, to values, and to one's professional self, it is possible to analyse the coaches' activities and identity dynamics. The obtained results show that the use of a reference table is an indicator of the position they adopt: either in a guidance or accompanying position. Since the word « coaching » says nothing about the position adopted by the ones who refer to themselves as coaches, the denomination referring to the professional -accompanying activity in the field of human resources, and to those who undertake it, will have to evolve. Training these accompanying professionals to the contrary usages of the reference table will allow the elaboration of the profession type and the style of these accompanying professionals
Collignan, Lucile Guilleray Pierre Emmanuel Montalescot Clémence. "Etude sur les fonctionnalités et les usages des bibliothèques numériques perspectives pour DEBORA /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/M-2002-RECH-10.pdf.
Full textLemoigne, Nicolas. "Mémoire des hommes, mémoire des sols. Etude ethno-pédologique des usages paysans du Mont Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466511.
Full textClément, Jean-Paul. "Etude comparative de trois disciplines de combat (lutte, judo, aïki-do) et de leurs usages sociaux." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070033.
Full textClément, Jean-Paul. "Etude comparative de trois disciplines de combat (lutte, judo, aiki-do) et de leurs usages sociaux." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594647b.
Full textNdiaye, Mbemba. "Etude communicationnelle des usages des TIC dans le milieu éducatif sénégalais : le cas des lycéens de Dakar." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0358.
Full textInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) are central to Senegalese public debates. Moreover, the leaders of this country view them as very advantageous to education. However, their introduction in high schools raises a lot of questions from both researchers and educators as regards their usage. This study is about digital practices of high school students Our aim is to understand the extent to which the use of ICTs can enable them to acquire knowledge. Understanding in this regard implies looking at the perceptions, knowledge and skills related to the use of computerized tools, but also the meanings of this usage. The use of ICTs by pupils is also of particular interest to researchers in the fields of humanities and social sciences, especially those in the sociology, cognitive sciences and education areas. Thus, in order to better define the subject, this study used a multidisciplinary theoretical approach and a plural methodology (questionnaires, direct observation and interviews) as well as specific tools (voice-recorder, notes and screenshots) to collect data during two field investigations that were conducted in Dakar secondary schools (from March to April 2013 and November to December 2015). The analysis revealed that these learner-users use digital technologies for learning purposes but also highlighted the "dark side" of their practices. On the basis of the data obtained, we also suggest ways in which ICTs can be optimally integrated in teaching and learning practices
WINTZ, MAURICE. "Sciences sociales et environnement : etude de cas sur les usages sociaux de l'espace dans le rhin superieur." Strasbourg 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR20077.
Full textIn a first part dealing with the relation ships, in a global point of view, between humain society and nature over the years and at different spatial scales (local and planetary) in a systemic perspective, this thesis applies to consider the implications of such an approach on the sociologie theory. The author tried to show that society couldn't be throught apart from its relations with the ecosystem. The application of this approach consisted in studying the question of the rural space management with the attempt to combine the physical (objective reality) and the phenomenological (subjective representations) elements, setting nature in a relationship between imaginary and reality. The present case study deals with the recent evolution of space management methods in the central ried of the river iii (alsace). The thesis aims to demonstrate that the management of this agricultural rural space chenged gradually over the last decades from an agricultural community exploitation into an ecological collective management, with an intermediate stage of an agricultural corporative management. The evolution from a management, in which agricultural agents were dominants, to a management whose goals have been modified in an environmental way, after the appearance of new actors (protectors of nature) could be analysed as a sign of a progressive autonomisation of a specific social field (bourdieu) in space ecological management
Hess, Anja. "Habitants de chambres de bonne à Paris : étude filmique des usages de l'espace quotidien." Paris 10, 2007. http://docelec.u-bordeaux.fr/login?url=https://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/les-habitants-des-chambres-de-bonne-a-paris-etude-filmique-des-usages-de-l-espace-quotidien-51839.
Full textThis filmic study présents a few cases of the inhabitants of maid rooms in Paris in 2000. The author was interested in following the day to day life of these inhabitants, thus reveiling their difficulties in living in such a small habitat. This thesis retraces, in its first part, the history of maid rooms in an architectural context. The author attemps comparing these cramped volumes with filmic références from documentaries or science fiction films. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the problems that the author encountered during her insertion with the inhabitants during the filming. As an important part of the daily life of the residents are their activities, these are also described. The analysis of the ten short films realized for this occasion as well as the interviews with the inhabitants helped the author to elaborate some interesting portraits
Heurdier, Julien. "Usages syntaxiques et dialogue parent-enfant. Etude de dyades mère-enfant et père-enfant dans deux activités ludiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA039.
Full textMany researchers have studied lexical and pragmatic-discursive particularities of the language that parents use to address their young child. A literature review shows that there are both differences and similarities between mothers and fathers. However, characteristics of the language that parents use for addressing their child have rarely been studied. Moreover, there is a paucity of studies examining the effects on the child’s syntactic development of dialogue, speech genres and activities during which parent-child dyads interact.This thesis has three goals: i) improve understanding of differences and similarities in the syntactic and pragmatic-discursive aspects of maternal and paternal language and their effect on the child’s language, ii) evaluate the effect of the ongoing activity on the production and the use of mother-child and father-child dyads, iii) investigate the relation between syntactic and pragmatic-discursive dimensions during the language learning process.Seven 3-4 years old native French-speaking children and their parents were observed during two activities: a symbolic play and a picture card game. The syntactic dimensions of their productions were analyzed while considering certain discursive and pragmatic properties related to the use of these productions (status of the child’s interlocutor, type of activity and pragmatic-discursive aspects). Our results suggest that the status of the child’s interlocutor, associated with the type of activity and the dialogue’s specificities, form a body of variables that should be taken into account in order to better describe children’s syntactic uses and their variability
CHELOT, EMMANUEL. "Etude et mise au point d'un procede de recuperation du nickel et du cadmium contenus dans les accumulateurs usages." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066065.
Full textBandia, Mbouilou Jean david. "Utilisation pédagogique des outils numériques dans l’enseignement secondaire au Ghana : Etude comparée des cursus anglophones, francophones et bilingues." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG0998.
Full textThe aim of this research is to highlight factors that stimulate pedagogical uses of digital tools by studying the interaction between the institutional framework, the technological framework, and the individual characteristics of teachers. The originality of the present study is based on the fact that it focuses on organizational, individual or cultural differences, and the influence of these differences on the educational practices of digital tools.Although digital tools are used in schools in Ghana, in most cases they are computer literacy, despite the infrastructure, technological, human and financial challenges raised by (Karsenti, Collin, & Harper-Merrett, 2011). The literature indicates that in the context of Africa in general, there is a marginal category of teachers who integrate digital tools into their classroom practices (Karsenti, Collin, & Harper-Merrett, 2012). This shows that there is an imbalance in the pedagogical use of digital tools, between teachers. It therefore seemed important to carry out a study that would shed more perfect light on factors that stimulate educational practices in digital tools. Through such research it seemed possible to draw up diagrams that describe interactions between the characteristics of schools, the individual characteristics of teachers and the educational practices of digital tools.In the context of this research, the characterization of De Vries (2001) on educational software, has enabled us to identify the different types of educational software used in surveyed schools. The Raby (2004) and Romeo (2015) models have enabled us to identify the level of pedagogical use of the digital tools of the surveyed teachers, in terms of relevance and variety.The methodological choice of this research is based on a multi-case study inspired by (Yin, et al, 2013), involving eleven secondary schools, and thirty teachers. Data collection was carried out in two phases, targeting school managers and teachers respectively, by means of two questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and observations of field situations.An analysis of the characteristics of schools that have put in place strong mechanisms for the pedagogical integration of digital tools, and those of teachers who have regular uses, various, and relevant digital tools in classroom practices, highlights several aspects presented in the final report. In addition, the fact that the school was of a high socioeconomic level, English school, of a large size in terms of student numbers, and was involved in school programs which had undergone reforms, to take into account issues related to the pedagogical integration of digital tools into classroom practices, seemed to have a positive effect on the level of ICT equipment and resources, or educational practices of digital tools. The results also show that the disciplines taught (science, electronics, industrial design, technology, and foreign languages), the experience of professional use of digital tools, motivations for use, in particular those aimed at communication, the assessment of pupils online, and the development of critical thinking of pupils, the implementation of active pedagogical approaches, and involvement in educational projects of the school team, linked to digital education, also seemed to have a positive and strong influence on the educational practices of digital tools. In all cases, the results also illustrate medium or low trends characterising the relative links between institutional characteristics, individual characteristics of teachers, and educational practices of digital tools
Tingry, Nathalie. "De la logique de l’usage à l’apprenance : etude des usages des ressources numériques chez les jeunes de 16 à 25 ans." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100132.
Full textThe acceleration of technical change and integration of information and communication technologies in everyday life renew the issue of learning and training in the digital age. Although it is now widely accepted that technology is changing social practice at an exponential rate, it is less known that the people themselves play an essential role in shaping the uses of such tools according to their tastes or interests. However the notion of “user’s logic” and practices of diverting technological tools from their original purpose both confirm the actor’s essential role in the final use of the resource (Perriault, 2008). Simultaneously, a consistent research trend on both sides of the Atlantic confirms that people do not learn only in formal training situations (Brougère & Ulmann, 2010 ; Carre & Charbonnier, 2003). These changes provide opportunities for a radical transformation of training and learning practice that led us to investigate the central question of the uses of digital resources among young people by starting with the "how" of uses (De Certeau, 1980 ; Perriault, 1989 et Proulx, 2005) in order to understand the “why” of social practice (Lahire, 2012). Our research uses the principle of methodological triangulation: first, a web-based documentary search allowed us to draw an initial picture of young people’s relation to digital resources. The second, qualitative enquiry was conducted with 12 young people of 15, 20 and 25 years of age. It has enabled us to establish “digital portraits” and link them to the observation of actual practice, using 4 artifacts (web search, serious game, e-learning program and digital game). The third approach was based on two quantitative studies conducted with Internet-based questionnaires. The first study gathered a corpus of 845 people from 15 to 78 years from all social backgrounds and the second, a group of 51 underprivileged respondents from 18 to 24 years of age, enrolled in “Second Chance Schools”. The findings of this research underline the role of family contexts with regard to technology, the personal dynamics of digital uses and the growing importance of digital self-directed learning in promoting learning readiness in today’s society
Liottier, Léonor. "Bois et forêts en France méditerranéenne durant la Protohistoire : une approche des pratiques et des usages. Etude anthracologique, dendroécologique et spatiale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30089.
Full textIt is a multidisciplinary study in archaeology of protohistoric times and paleoenvironnement. The subject of the thesis is « Societies, wood et forests from bronze age to Roman period, by anthracology of archaeological sites of southern France : an approach of practices and wood using ». The aim of this archaeobotanical approach is on the one hand, to understand the landscape changes under anthropic and natural effects, and on the other hand the repercussions on firewood collecting practices and wood using
Tavella, Aurélien. "Chronique d'une fin annoncée. La disparition de la forêt usagère au XIXème siècle. Etude des droits d'usage forestiers dans les Vosges." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0207/document.
Full textBy deciding during the 19th century to abolish traditional rights of use to the forest, governmental authorities unilaterally decided to put an end to an ancestral way of life among the rural population. When proprietors began to see their forests as a resource to be exploited the traditional free use of an earlier time gave way to a stricter and stricter regulation of users that culminated in the 1827 Forest Code. Characterised by the predominance of wooded spaces - which for the most part belonged to the State - the Vosges is the French department which had the greatest extent of communes usagères. The authorities therefore concentrated their efforts in this region in order to free the forests from the traditional rights of use seen as hindrances to the commercial exploitation of this primary resource during the industrial revolution.But the State did not accomplish that easily. Before putting its new forestry policy into effect, the government was first forced to carry out a double census of rights of use in 1804 and again in 1827. Faced with authorities who clearly intended to put an end to these practises, the communes of the Vosges region reacted and brought their cases before the courts. Although these actions did push some jurisdictions to create a mixed system of usage rights, the Vosges communities only succeeded in delaying the inevitable. Starting in the mid 1840s the State began forcing the users of the forest into the procedure of cantonnement, thus doing away with the traditional usage and compensating that with a share of the property in the forest. The State proceeded differently concerning traditional pasturing rights in the forest. Aware of the evolution of the agricultural world, and of the growing number of peasants leaving the land during the 19th century, the State simply decided to wait for the extinction of these rights rather than pay for them as the Forest Code allowed
Beldi, Manel. "Etude et développement de média filtrants tissés pour la filtration et l’électro-déshydratation des milieux dispersés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I092.
Full textThe choice of the filter media structure is crucial in the process of solid-liquid dispersions cake filtration. The influence of the structural and physical properties of textiles on solid-liquid separation performances has been little discussed in the state of the art. Two different suspensions have been studied: milk curd and sludge. For sludge dewatering, two processes have been used: mechanical filtration and electric field assisted dehydration on a filter press. Several filter fabrics whose structural parameters are very different have been developed in this project. The fiber nature, the weave pattern as well as the yarn structure and density were varied. The mechanical filtration, in a filter press, of three types of solid/liquid dispersions was studied: a model suspension of calcium carbonate, a suspension of calibrated PMMA spheres and milk curd. The electro-dewatering of a Kaolin model suspension was optimized by using a conductive fabric as a filter and electrode at the cathode side. In order to optimize the structure of these hybrid fabrics, a study on the link between the structural properties and electrical and ionic resistance as well as their ion exchange surface as an electrode has been carried out. In view of these results, electrode filter fabrics have been developed using a weave pattern having good filtration performances. The first electro-dehydration results obtained by replacing the filter and the electrode with a single conductive medium show the advantages of this new configuration
André, Elodie. "Traiter la durabilité sociale avec le BIM : Enquête sur l'acceptabilité des usages BIM pour la durabilité sociale auprès des concepteurs du projet d'architecture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0033.
Full textThe work carried out in the course of this thesis is the result of a joint project between the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Mons and the LARSH laboratory at the Polytechnic University of Hauts-de-France. The research developed in this document is based on the following observations.Firstly, we found that social sustainability was often treated as a secondary issue, or through economic or ecological sustainability, including in the construction sector. We then drew up an approach to the definition of social sustainability in construction, and found that the key words related to it were well-being, comfort, safety, etc. However, one of the roles of the designer is to produce projects that offer precisely these criteria to their occupants. They are therefore inclined to pay particular attention to the sustainability of their projects, including social sustainability. So how do designers position themselves in the face of this imbalance ? This contrast leads us to our first research questions : "Do designers integrate social sustainability into their vision of sustainable architecture ? and "How do designers define social sustainability ?" To answer these questions, we carried out a qualitative survey of construction players operating in the design phase.Secondly, following the observation that, on the one hand, social sustainability was less often taken into account than economic and ecological sustainability, and that, on the other hand, Building Information Modeling (BIM) processes were taking on an increasingly essential role in projects, while at the same time presenting a good capacity for efficiency in the management of information, we wondered about the possible interactions between these two concepts. We observed that there were strong interactions between the concept of BIM and sustainability, particularly ecological sustainability. Indeed, the notion of Green BIM brings together the various existing links between these two themes. However, we again observed fewer interactions with social sustainability, which led us to the following questions : "How can BIM be used to improve the social sustainability of projects ?" and "Are designers prepared to accept the use of BIM to address social sustainability issues ?".To answer these questions, we turned to the field of usage studies, which aims to predict the use of a new technology made available to users (Terrade et al., 2010). In this work, we study the perceived usefulness and social acceptance of different BIM uses in a context of social sustainability. Our study of the usefulness of BIM uses in a context of social sustainability took the form of a summary table showing five categories of BIM uses for social sustainability. For each of these criteria, we listed uses for which BIM could offer added value. Our study of the social acceptance of these uses was carried out through a qualitative survey consisting of semi-structured interviews. We used a constructivist and inductive posture to analyse these interviews, which enabled us to identify models of expectations, obstacles and conditions concerning the acceptance of BIM uses for social sustainability by project designers. This enabled us to complete our theoretical approach to the intersections between BIM and social sustainability
Thimon, Bozec Sophie. "La fabrique d'une compétence stratégique, proposition d'un modèle : une application aux impacts des usages des technologies de l'information en PME." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0097/document.
Full textOur research object is twofold: understand a strategic organizational competences bulding using IT, on the one hand, and go beyond the existing analysis of impacts of the IT models, integrating a multidimensional approach, on the other hand. We privileged an empirical approach beginning with a pilot case study that allowed us to define a theoretical framework of an abductive way, by a constant back and forth between the field and the theoretical existing constructs. The conceptual framework is a synthesis of the various RBV strands integrating the concept of organizational learning. The results of a multicase study underline the diffused and partially intentional character of a process, requiring interaction of additional resources highly dependent from the past, and leading to improve efficiency of the routines and dynamic adaptability. We propose a design of the process and discuss significant concepts for the study of this phenomenon
Tajmouati, Abdelall. "Etude des transferts de chaleur et de matière dans les matrices alvéolaires. Application à la récupération des métaux précieux contenus dans les catalyseurs de postcombustion automobile usages." Perpignan, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PERP0131.
Full textTra, Bi Zamblé Armand. "Etude de l'impact des activités anthropiques et de la variabilité climatique sur la végétation et les usages des sols, par utilisation de la télédétection et des statistiques agricoles, sur le bassin versant du Bouregreg (MAROC)." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0008/document.
Full textThe Bouregreg watershed is located in the Northwest central Morocco. It’s a semi-arid basin of the humid part of the kingdom. Agriculture is a key pillar of the Moroccan economy. However, the agricultural area of the country is limited due to adverse climate conditions. This agricultural, area located in humid regions is only 20% of the national territory, hence a particular interest in favorable agricultural areas as Bouregreg watershed. Furthermore, although Morocco has undertaken major investments in irrigation, some areas such as the Bouregreg basin remained on the sidelines of this policy for reasons related to their natural fragility. Paradoxically, despite the attention given to irrigated agriculture in the various agricultural development policies of the country since independence, rainfed agriculture remains the main source of agricultural production, especially grain. Well, this rainfed agriculture associated with a significant ranching, focuses more on climatically favorable areas such as the Bouregreg basin, without taking into account the fragility of the soil and natural vegetation of these areas. The present study, conducted with the support of the SIGMED project, highlights the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation and soil of the Bouregreg basin under the combined action of adverse anthropogenic and climatic pressures from 1980 to 2009. This study uses the tool of remote sensing, GIS and statistical. Analysis of remote sensing is made from multiple scales from low resolution to high spatial resolution. It is the same for the temporal analysis, where are used both images of high temporal repetitiveness (NOAA and MODIS) and low temporal resolution (LANDSAT AND SPOT 5). Exploitation of these images combines remote sensing and statistical time series analysis and correlation. Analysis of various interactions between the dynamics of natural factors, including climate, and the anthropogenic factors, is carried out by GIS. For further reflection in the field of geographical prospective about the future of the basin in a climate environment increasingly unfavorable, climate analyzes were made from projections of regional climate models for 2050 and 2100 horizons. The main results of this study showed a significant decrease in plant productivity due to more increasing degradation caused by farming and climate actions. Based on the projections of climate models, this dynamics is likely to continue, so that beyond 2050, the system of rainfed production will have to disappear. As for forest formation, they should suffer as result more pressure which should lead to their disappearance. If an effective backup policy is not implemented. This dynamics to be highlights the importance of the issue of adaptation basin conditions of climate change
Mutambwa, Georges Mulumbwa. "Etude sociolinguistique du kindubile: argot swahili des enfants de la rue de Lubumbashi, RD Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210309.
Full text-déterminer le statut sociolinguistique du kindubile, parler des enfants de la rue de Lubumbashi appelés « shege ».
-préciser les contextes de mobilisation du kindubile par les shege ainsi que les différentes significations qu’il revêt à leurs yeux.
Il est basé sur un corpus très hétérogène: les données verbales (entretiens semi-directifs, libres, récits de vie, chansons et surnoms) et les matériaux picturaux (graffitis, tags et dessins) produits par les enfants eux-mêmes. Les analyses sont inspirées en linguistique par la pragmatique et en sociologie par l’interactionnisme symbolique, la théorie de l’acteur et du système ainsi que la théorie dispositionnaliste de Bernard Lahire.
Cette dissertation a conduit aux résultats suivants :
-le kindubile est un argot swahili. Sa grammaire est globalement identique à celle du kiswahili de Lubumbashi. La seule différence s’observe au niveau du lexique. Celui-ci, outre les procédés de création cryptique (adjonctions, suppressions, permutations et leur combinaison reste prolixe et focalisé sur certains registres seulement :la nourriture, l’argent, la débrouille, la violence et la sexualité. Ces domaines demeurent hautement significatifs à leur yeux d’autant plus qu’ils sont corrélés et indispensables à la vie de rue.
-Les enfants de la rue recourent à l’argot pour communiquer entre eux, pour un repli identitaire (ils veulent s’affirmer comme un groupe particulier et en même temps être reconnus autant que respectés comme des personnes humaines à part entière). Ils recourent également au kindubile pour crypter leur message en parlant des stupéfiants, de la sexualité ou en voulant subtiliser un bien à quelqu’un). Ils emploient aussi le kindubile comme un espace de défoulement. En effet, ils expriment leur mécontentement de la société qui les a produits mais craignant les représailles, ils préfèrent s’exprimer en argot. Ils parlent aussi kindubile pour provoquer la peur chez leur interlocuteur lorsqu’ils le jugent nécessaire.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Osiurak, François. "Etude neuropsychologique des rapports entre outil, geste et usage." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346582.
Full textOsiurak, François. "Etude neurologique des rapports entre outil, geste et usage." Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0030.
Full textThe investigation of object use impairement raises the question of the nature of psychological enabling the ability to use tools. It has suggested that this disorder might result from excutive deficts and/or the inability to retrieve sensory motor knowledge about object manipulation (i. E. , gesture engrams). Since manufactured objects are always designed to a specific conventional purpose, it has also been assumed that patients with objet use impairemnt might suffer from detective conceptual knowledge about object function. The present thesis proposes an alternative view by suggesting the object use depends upon a specific technical, rational and implicit ability to analyse natural activity. To contribute to the discussion, we address many epistemological and theoretical issues about the definition of human tool, and report four studies with brain-damaged patients that aimed to examine the relevance of the concepts of "tool", "gesture" and "usage". In sum, the present thesis suggests that the investigation of object use impairement would gain by conceiving this disorder as a singular inability to use tools
Osiurak, François Le Gall Didier. "Etude neurologique des rapports entre outil, geste et usage." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346582/fr.
Full textDumas, Jean-Luc. "Etude de l'activité du triméthoprime et du sulfaméthoxazole ainsi que des plus récents macrolides dans la prévention et le traitement de la toxoplasmose chez la souris." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/PHA_2000_1528.pdf.
Full textOukkil, Rassak. "Etude prospective sur la réévaluation de l'antibiothérapie au centre hospitalier d'Epernay." Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMP056.
Full textKhaldi, Mohammed. "Etude de la polyintoxication des eleves-professeurs au maroc." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20061.
Full textYoung moroccan student-teachers live an important problem of polyintoxication. However, it seems that patriarcal families generate less drug addicts. This fact, would, be above all, the result of their conformity, their religiosity and their introversion. Certainly, there is nowadays a crisis of religious, social and economical identity, of wich drug is only a revealing, annoncing a coming cultural revolution. One of these premises seem to be the religious extremisme that miltates in favour of a mastery of pleasures and their driving back in order to invest its fundamental violence in the construction of a civilisation, and so of an identity. Others also are engaged to achieve the same aim, but with a conception rather humanistic moralistic and rationalistic
ALAOUI, AMINE MOHAMMED. "Etude et realisation d'un systeme infrarouge de detection d'obstacle a usage automobile." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30063.
Full textEnzinger, Claire. "Emergence des adjectifs dans le langage de l'enfant en français et en anglais : Etude de 3 cas." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030157/document.
Full textAdjectives have not always had good press among writers, as they may reflect a distorted prose. Researchers in early lexical development currently regard adjectives as problematic: they may well emerge late in child language, and comprise a small portion of the lexicon. However, we argue that it is precisely this property, along with their subjective stance, which makes adjectives relevant for research. Given that their choice is non obligatory, both on the paradigmatic axis (for attributive adjectives) and on the syntagmatic one (determinative and classifying functions excluded), these markers may help reveal the speaker’s sensory, perceptual and mental worlds. Using a theoretical approach at the crossroads of the French enunciative and the Anglo-Saxon usage-based theories, the data of three children speaking French, English, and bilingual French English, were analysed. We first tracked how their inventories developed until their fourth birthday, the range during which considerable variations occur. These perspectives were then broadened to encompass other categories so as to further understand how the adjectival category develops within this larger system. The environmental properties that might have an impact on the children’s behaviour were examined in detail. The results show that children first use properties anchored in immediate perceptions, while their parents favour more abstract properties, often expressing affect. The English speaking dyad uses significantly more affective adjectives than the other dyads. Adjectives emerge a few months after the first conventional words, and remain a low frequency category (4% of the lexicon in average)
Verchère, Eric. "Etude des caractéristiques dynamiques de 7 capteurs de pression artérielle à usage unique." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23043.
Full textTolosa, Henri. "Etude thermodynamique et électrochimique de la corrosion atmosphérique des métaux à usage électrique." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20193.
Full textMarie-Magdeleine, Carine. "Etude de ressources végétales tropicales pour un usage anthelminthique en élevage de ruminants." Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0268.
Full textGASTROINTESTINAL PARASITISM (GIP) IS A MAJOR HEALTH AND WELFARE PTOBLEM OF FARMED RUMINANTS. CHEMOTHERAPY LED TO THE EMERGENCE OF RESiSTANCE OF STRONGYLES. LEADING TO THE SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TO FIGHT AGAINST GIP OF RUMINANTS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS THESIS IS TO STUDY THE NEMATICIDAL ACTIVllY OF PLANT RESOURCES AGAINST HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS (H. C,lAND CHARACTERIZE THE CHEMICAL CLASS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACTlVlTY, AND THEN EXPLAIN THE MODE OF ACTION. THE LITERATURE REVlEW SHOWED THAT THE ANTILLES-GUYANE REGIONS HAVE A PLANT ARSENAL FOR A WIDE RANGE OF VETERlNARY DISEASES. AN IN VITRO SCREENING OF 14 PLANTS ON THE MODEL. H. C, SHOWED FOR EACH, AN EFFECT ON AT LEAST ONE PARASITE STAGE. THE STUDY OF 4 PLANTS: CUCURBITA MOSCHATA, TABERNAEMONTANA CITRIFOLIA. MUSA X PARADISlACA AND MANIHOT ESCULENTA, DEMONSTRATED THE SPECIFICITY OF SECONDARV METABOLITES WITH RESPECT TO PARASITIC STAGES: INDOLE ALKALOIDS ACTING ON 4 STAGES, FLAVONOIDS AND TERPENOIDS AFFECTING THE ADULT STAGE, WHILE, CONDENSED TANNINS, AMINO COMPOUNDS, FLAVONOID AND TERPENOID COMPOUNDS HAVING AN IMPACT ON THE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT. THE TWO MODELS EVALUATED IN VIVO (MUSA x PARADISIACA AND MANIHOT ESCULENTA). IN ADDITION TO THEIR NUTRITIONAL AND NEMATlCIDAL POTENTIALS, ALLOW RECOVERY OF CO-PRODUCTS FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS. IN CONCLUSION, A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ANTIPARASITIC, IMMUNOMODULATORY, NUTRITIONAL AND ECONOMIC POTENTIALS. WOULD ALLOW INCORPORATING THE PLANT RESOURCES IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS BY REDUCING AGRICULTURAL INPUTS
Biot, Fabrice. "Etude des mécanismes de résistance par efflux chez les burkholderia pathogènes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5038.
Full textBurkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are respectively the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders. To determine whether treatment failures were due to the emergence of acquired resistance during antibiotic treatment, we selected strains of B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and Burkholderia thailandensis, used as a study model of these two pathogenic bacteria, with structurally unrelated antibiotics: chloramphenicol, doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. We showed that Burkholderia were able to develop multidrug resistance in vitro in response to each of theses antibiotics used in the oral treatment of melioidosis and glanders. To understand the resistance mechanisms involved, we studied the molecular and genetic aspects of resistance in B. thailandensis by proteomic and transcriptomic methods. We have developed a method to quantify efflux pumps gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR after normalization with several reference genes. These methods allowed us to identify sequential overproduction of three RND efflux pumps: BpeAB-OprB, AmrAB-OprA and BpeEF-OprC, all induced by chloramphenicol or doxycycline in multiresistant strains. The study of mutants respectively defective in one of these efflux pumps has allowed us to better understand the close relationship between these three pumps and confirmed that active efflux acted as a major mechanism involved in the induced resistance
Ybanez, Christel. "Etude chimique et physico-chimique de nouveaux composés d'entretien à usage de dégraissant multifonction." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30056.
Full textA product's formulation which matches with the market's needs is of vital importance for every company. Each company must estimate the customers' requirements, whether they are explicit or implicit. Moreover, the quality of a product is a decisive factor a company should consider in order to choose a formula. This survey is structured on three parts. The first part contains the setting of formulas' compliance with regulations. It considers the way some active ingredients have been replaced because of their classification as toxic. The second part sets up the improvement of formulas. The different trials concern existing products for which it was interesting to improve their active power or formulation's storage stability. The third part presents the substitution of methylene chloride in scouring formulations for paints. The use of this substance is prohibited in some European countries and the author studies the possibility to replace it so that the company may anticipate the regulations applicable in France. The trials have been performed on aqueous products and solvent bases
SIDQUI, MUSTAPHA. "Etude du comportement des osteoblastes et des osteoclastes de rat en culture au contact de biomateriaux a usage odontologique." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA07GA01.
Full textBouchiha-Gaucher, Sonia. "Etude de la viabilité des allogreffes cutanées cryopréservées à usage thérapeutique chez le grand brûlé." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114825.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of cryopreserved human skin allografts. For this purpose, we developed the MTT assay on skin samples harvested from multi-organ and tissue donors. Then viability was assessed at laboratory reception, during storage at +4°C (at day 2 and day 7), and after cryopréservation and thawing, with two different transport media (Ringer Lactate versus RPMI) and two different cryoprotectants (Glycerol versus DMSO). Histological analysis was performed for each MTT assay. We also tried to correlate allograft viability with efficacy of coverage in a xenograft model (human/mice). Results indicate that when stored at +4°C, skin retains more viability with RPMI, whereas Glycerol and DMSO are equivalent cryoprotectant regardless of the transport medium. In our model of xenograft, cryopreserved skin was less rejectable than fresh skin. The use of cryopreserved skin does not change the potential for healing
Elkhessaimi, Abderrahim. "Etude comportementale chez l'animal. Application à la pharmacologie : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30253.
Full textSoudry-Faure, Agnès. "Consommation d'antidépresseurs chez des personnes âgées non institutionnalisées : Etude des trois cités." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T017.
Full textCaviale, Olivier. "Etude de l'évolution des ressources en ligne en économie gestion, de leurs concepteurs et leurs usagers." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DENS0003.
Full textThe discussion lists have an important place in the professional communication of teachers. To understand how the teachers use this type of communication, we will analyze the messages of two lists in the years 2000 to 2003. Three dimensions : relations, regulations and topics of exchanges give a global dynamic picture. The research setting, implemented to create the tools for analysis and to interpret the results, finds its bases in the sociology of organizations. Their approach is mainly based on four elements : a startegic actor(individual, group or any other collective entity) with his own interests intercating with other actors; a concrete system formed the interacting actors; the game where each actor has his own interests, but also the interest to keep a concrete system of action alive. Their approach is mainly based on a strategic actor and more specifically on a group of actors whose levels of participation propose a model for representing professional development through the participation in a virtual CoP
Léal, Françoise. "Etude de la production et de l'émanation de composés volatils malodorants sur textile à usage sportif." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL070N/document.
Full textFresh human sweat is odorless. Odoriferous volatile compounds are produced by the metabolism of bacteria living on the skin, generating strong malodor. Sweaty body odors do also appear on clothes during use, and especially on synthetic fabrics. The aim of this document is to improve understanding of odor emission by investigating subject effect, microbiota effect and fabric effect on the emission of odoriferous volatile compounds.Odors of perspiration are hereby globally approached with a wide use of methods and experimental devices, for microbial flora study as well as for odoriferous volatile compounds emission study.First, microflora enumeration has been simultaneously processed on the skin and on the fabric after exercise for 15 subjects. This experiment allowed an evaluation of the average bacterial transfer yield during physical activity and the beginning of the investigation of its effect on odor emission.A molecular biology methodology has then been developed in order to refine these results. Monitoring of qualitative composition of the microbiota has been performed to study the stability of the armpit’s ecosystem on a subject during 3 months. Specific microbial transfer from subject’s skin to clothe has been performed for 4 textile fabrics (including cotton and PET). This leaded to characterize the effect of specific bacterial transfer on odor emission from fabric.The last chapter is dedicated to the study of the emission of odoriferous volatile compounds over time using olfactory measurements and electronic nose for 8 selected fabrics. Principal component analysis targeted 9 chemical compounds that have been selected as malodorous behavior indicators for a given fabric. Those 9 compounds could be used for setting up a fitted physicochemical method of malodor.To conclude, this study helped to understand the effect of 3 factors in odor perception from a fabric after sport : subject, microbial flora and fabric. Perspectives have been charted on contact microbial contamination, but also on odor, and especially on desorption of odoriferous volatile molecules from a textile or knitted matrix. The solutions that could be used to limit malodorous emission from fabrics have also been discussed
Etchepare, Fanny. "Etude du respect des recommandations de prescription et d'utilisation des médicaments psychotropes chez les sujets âgés en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0200/document.
Full textDespite a high frequency of use and a tendency to present with adverse events of drugs, few studies assessed compliance with guidelines related to proper use of psychotropic drugs in the older population. The aim was to assess the patterns of psychotropic drugs use in this population, as well as the compliance with French guidelines. Two population samples were included, a clinical sample of older psychiatric inpatients and a sample of the older general population using claims database of the national health insurance. In clinical population, compliance with guidelines was rather good, with prescription of a short half-life benzodiazepine in nearly three quarters of prescriptions and adequate dosage in nearly two third of cases. However, treatment discontinuation was never specified at the time of treatment initiation and rhythm of prescription was discontinuous in only one third of cases. In the older general population, duration of antidepressant treatment and biological monitoring was appropriate in only 20 % of patients, whereas nearly three quarters of subjects initiating a benzodiazepine treatment were treated over an appropriate duration. However, less than half of them had received a benzodiazepine anxiolytic of short half-life. The assessment of the impact of practice guidelines publication found no improvement of psychotropic drugs use. Other interventions should accompany guidelines publication in order to underline the importance of proper use of drugs, particularly antidepressant treatment duration and use of short half-life benzodiazepine drugs
Lin, Shuo. "Etude de la transposition du système français de gaz à usage médical en Chine : problématiques et perspectives." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114836.
Full textMedical gases regroup all gases used in the medical field and have long been used in health facilities. In China, some medical gases meet the definition of drug. However, due to some historical and technical reasons, they are manufactured, distributed and used in poor regulated conditions. It leads to a very serious health threat for people. To remedy this, it might be interesting to refer to the experiences and regulations of other countries, especially those of France, the pioneer of this field. Indeed, compared to Chinese system, the regulatory requirements and technical know-how of French system are much more complete and advanced. The transposition of French medical gas regulation system in China should present an undeniable interest and is technically manageable. It could be implemented through a French company by introducing locally its knowledge and specific experiences to medical gas. China offers a huge market with remarkable potential development, but its access is difficult due to different culture, history and habitude, particularly in the field of healthcare. To penetrate this market and exploit it, we should firstly know the development stage and undergoing economic trends; have comprehensive and thorough studies on Chinese client needs and potential opportunities. In the following, we propose clear and accurate strategies and development steps for both the medium and long term. Moreover, it is important to know how to collaborate with local societies
Charlet, Stéphane. "Etude des mécanismes de régulation physiologique et biochimique de l'accumulation de lignanes chez le lin : mise en œuvre aux niveaux de la cellule et de la plante entière." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIED008.
Full textFlaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) fibres and oil are valuable products for industrial applications. However this plant also accumulates lignans phytoestrogens : secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and matairesinol. These compounds have been proved to prevent the outcome of some hormone-dependent cancers. The study of their metabolism requires the use of efficient analytical methods to evaluate them as well as their biosynthetic precursors. In a first part of our work, lignans have been purified from flaxseeds, for a further use as standards in the analytical protocols. HPLC methods were optimised , mainly at the keypoint of the release of lignans from the complexes in which they are bound in the plant. It was then possible to evaluate secoisolariciresinol derivatives, either directly or indirectly as anhydrosecoisolariciresinol, a conversion form of flaxseed lignans. The application of these analytical tools allowed to reveal that in the plant, lignans were exclusively accumulated in the seeds (80% of total) and the fruits (15%). No trace of the flaxseed lignans could be detected in various in vitro cultures. However the dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol monoglucoside (DCG), a neolignan was purified and identified from these cultures in which it is accumulated at a very high level. It was shown that plant growth regulators as well as photoperiod deeply influence the lignan levels of the cultures. The highest values (74mg. G-1 DW) were reached when of BAP (0. 5mg. L-1) was added to the culture medium, and when the cultures were maintained in the dark. A 13C labelled phenylalanine supplementation in the cultures did not allow the identification of other labelled lignan precursors. Moreover, the interaction of the plant cells with an alginate matrix in which they were immobilised induced lignans release in the culture medium without modifying their total amount
El, Allouche Leila. "Usage des moteurs de recherche et activité cognitive chez les collégiens." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3004.
Full textMotivated by the announcement of an information society, schools begin their modernization through computerization and through the dissemination of innovative technics.Access to information is becoming a new way of learning. In this new framework, information retrieval is conceived as a planned activity, guided by the intention of fulfilling a need for information by the use of search engines without technical explanations.The question of the « Cognitive dimensions of artefacts information » is not addressed. The problem of human versus machine communication is set aside as well. From the perspective of Rabardel's instrumented activity theory, we show through a qualitative study that young students divert the search engine to manage their activity : they use what the machine gives them as a new situation. Secondary school students build new patterns of interaction with interfaces, new literacies.This study provides a better understanding on the meaning of students' research behavior with the search engine. Young students develop three types of strategies, landscaping distinct skill areas which may help the development of specific learnings
Terdjman, Muriel. "Etude de la contamination microbiologique de l'air comprimé à usage médical obtenu à partir d'une centrale de production." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P202.
Full textPEYRONNET, ROSINE. "Usage de l'anesthesie loco-regionale par le medecin generaliste : etude retrospective de 23 mois d'activite dans un service d'urgences." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU31170.
Full textMURICY, DE ABREU TERESA LUCIA. "Etude des facteurs determinants de la depletion des eaux du lac de sobradinho et les effets au niveau des usagers." Chambéry, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CHAMS006.
Full textVavassori, David. "Etude psychopathologique des comportements de consommation de substances psychoactives (usage, abus, dépendance) : construction d'un modèle multidimensionnel de la dépendance psychopathologique." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20054.
Full textThe descriptions of the "addictive practices" (use, abuse, dependence) while constituting an important common basis for the diagnosis. Do these facts interrogate us on what is a psychopathological dependence ? This interrogative development conduct us to elaborate the following hypothesis: The "psychopathological dependence" to the psychoactive substances is characterized by psychodynamic, psychological and environmental factors, contributory to the constitution of differents mode of the psychic dependence. This process predominate in the apparition of the addictive behaviors. We tested this hypothesis near to 53 consumers subjects of psychoactive substances, submitted to instrument battery (ASI; SCL 90-R; TAT; The test of the tree; The biographic interview). Our results put in evidence : The absence of empiric foundation of the psychiatric classification of the consumption behaviors (use, abuse, dependence). Psychopathological configurations of the dependence integrating the psychodynamic, psychological and environmental factors. The existence of different modes of the psychic dependences predominate in the "psychopathological dependence". Finally, we attempted to construct a model of the "psychopathological dependence"
Araújo, Marques Abreu Maria José. "Contribution à l'étude des textiles à usage hospitalier : etude de l'influence de la sterilisation sur les proprietés physiques et mécaniques." Mulhouse, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MULH0751.
Full textThis work allowed to identify and "to explore" the properties of the materials of single use surgical gowns, worm in the operation theatre, such as the comfort and barrier properties and subsequently, knowing its behaviour after sterilisation using radiation and after ageing. Three types of nonwoven based surgical gowns had been designed and developed and reinforced with three different materials. After analysis of the properties of the simple and assembled materials, before and after exposition to the different doses of ionising radiation and with the help of thermal analysis, it was possible to fix the maximum dose of radiation at 160 kGy, value from which we observe the beginning of degradation of the materials. With the obtained results of this study, it was possible to participate in the normalization, adding value to the knowledge of this important scientific area, in view of the future publication of applicable norms to the non-active medical devices, that must be followed by the manufacturers and be known by its users. In order to guarantee the safety of the public health
Gourgouillon, Didier. "Etude de l'ultrafiltration de liquides de forte viscosité fluidifiés par injection de CO2 sous pression. Application au recyclage des huiles usagées." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20036.
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