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Academic literature on the topic 'Étoile artificielle'
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Journal articles on the topic "Étoile artificielle"
Boucher, Rémi, Sarah Knefati, and Camille-Antoine Ouimet. "Conservation du ciel nocturne : surveillance de l’éclairage extérieur et de la pollution lumineuse au parc national et à la Réserve internationale de ciel étoilé du Mont-Mégantic." Le Naturaliste canadien 142, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051001ar.
Full textSubran, Costel, Wilhelm Kaenders, and Françoise Métivier. "Les étoiles laser artificielles." Photoniques, no. 58 (March 2012): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/20125848.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Étoile artificielle"
Vernet, Elise. "Systèmes d'optique adaptative avec étoiles laser : du système classique aux méthodes multi-cojuguées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10046.
Full textPiquard, Sandrine. "Détection et classification des étoiles variables du programme Tycho." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13113.
Full textGuédé, Céline. "Détermination de l'âge des étoiles dans le cadre de la mission Gaia." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2013. https://hal.science/tel-02095141.
Full textWe used a inversion method to date the stars observed by the Gaia Mission. This method consists in estimating the age of an observed star with measure effective temperature, absolute magnitude and metallicity by looking for a theoretical stellar models (evolutionary tracks or isochrones) that fits the observed parameters. Firstly, we developed a bayesian estimation and we realized several test to adopt the most appopriate priors. We used the evolutionary tracks of BaSTI. We implemented a method to analyze automatically the shape of the probability density function to select the ill-defined function and reject the associated star. This method is also applied to determine the mass and the metallicity of stars. To test the capability of age-dating method to return the true age of stars we build a simulated catalogue on the basis of the specifications of Gaia and the evolutionary tracks of BaSTI. We found 65 per cents of stars with a well determined age. The other 35 per cents are located in the degeneracy region where the evolution speed is either too rapidly or slowly. Then we compared the several Bayesian estimation of the literature to analyze the difference with our method. We also implemented two chi2-minimization to compare with our Bayesian estimation. We added constrains -that provided from complementary observations- to improve the age-dating. Finally we determined the ages -with our Bayesian estimation- of simulated catalogue at several distances, galactic coordinates and observational errors. We also applied our method to date some clusters
Gazengel, Franck. "Réduction des observations d'objets multiples du satellite Hipparcos." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1993. https://hal.science/tel-02095269.
Full textSabas, Virginie. "Apport d'Hipparcos à l'étude des étoiles A du voisinage solaire : cinématique et fonction de masse initiale." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1997. https://hal.science/tel-02095468.
Full textThe Galactic disk complexity is well traced by kinematical properties and photometrical distributions of young stars. The very peculiar kinematics of these stars brought attention since the last century (Proctor, 1869). On and after 1963, Eggen showed the existence of kinematical groups. Gomez et al. (1990) suggested that they come from starbursts. Their existence allows us to constraint the galactic mixing time. To modelize a given stars distribution one needs to know the Initial mass Function (IMF) and the Stellar Formation Rate (SFR). Until now, a Mass-Luminosity relation was needed, which is non univocal for this type of stars and therefore very uncertain. But now, for the first time, we can benefit the Hipparcos datas for these studies : the Hipparcos astrometric satellite observed 11 800 stars on the whole during 4 years. The good accuracy of positions, parallaxes and proper motions together with the completeness of data allows us to get a new insight into galactical dynamics. In this work, we use a B5-F5 stars sample with apparent magnitude V ≤ 7. 5 observed by Hipparcos. We first describe the acquisition of ground-based complementary observations : radial velocities, effective temperatures, absolute magnitude and the determination of masses and ages. This sample is used to study the kinematics of the hot stars of the solar neighborhood. We confirm the existence of Eggen’s groups and find a range of ages for each of them, giving hints that these groups come from successive clusters formed in one Giant Molecular Cloud. We confirm that the stars are not well mixed after about 10 galactic years. Finally, we estimate the solar motion to be of (11. 5, 14. 1, 8. 6) km/s. In the last part, we determine the slope of the IMF between and solar mass, assuming a constant SFR. We obtain 0. 95 +/- 0. 17, lower than the reference values (Salpeter1955, Scalo 1986), but in good agreement with more recent determinations concerning the whole mass range
Kordopatis, Georges. "Archéologie galactique : contraintes observationnelles aux modèles de formation du disque épais." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2011. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00736775.
Full textIn the era of large spectroscopic surveys, galactic archaeology aims to disentangle the merging history of the Milky Way by finding relics of past accretion events. The goal of this thesis is to shed light to the understanding of the formation of the galactic thick disc by analysing low resolution spectra obtained in the near infrared. Two algorithms have been investigated, MATISSE and DEGAS, and a hybrid approach combining these two methods has been proposed in order to derive the effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity. In addition, full spatial and kinematic coordinates of the stars have been obtained. This allowed to assign the targets to one of the main galactic components, i. E. , the thin disc, the thick disc or the halo. We found that the properties of the thick disc outside the solar neighbourhood differ only slighly from the thick disc properties as derived in the solar vinicity. Without ruling out the existence of intrinsic vertical gradients in the tick disc, it has been shown that the measured vertical trends can be explained as a smooth transition between the different galactic components. In addition, a correlation between the orbital rotational velocity and the metallicity has been detected. This gradient challenges formation scenarios of the thick disc based on a radial migration of the stars. Finally, estimations of the scale height and length for different metallicity bins of the thick disc result in consistent values, showing no evidence of relics of destroyed massive satellites. The combination of the information that has been obtained in this work, favours formation scenarios based either on a gas rich satellite merger, or the dynamical heating of the pre-existent thin disc by minor mergers
Imadache, Aïcha. "Techniques de classification automatique de spectres stellaires ultraviolets à basse résolution : application à la détermination des paramètres astrophysiques fondamentaux." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1992. https://hal.science/tel-02153552.
Full textThis study deals with automatic low-dispersion UV stellar spectral classification. It is based on multivariate data analysis methods. The latter are applied to two large and very samples : the first one, consisting of TD1 spectra, is relatively homogeneous, while the second one, made up of IUE spectra, is highly biased (numerous abnormal stars). The matrices on which the analysis is carried out are built from the stellar fluxes taken at wavelengths regularly spaced. Thus, it is an objective procedure that reveals the most significant planes in the vectors-flux space : contrary to my precursors, I do not assume any a priori knowledge in the UV spectroscopy field. Such a strategy allows the discovery of classification criteria which could have been neglected in a classical analysis. Moreover, the methodology I develop can be powerful on other datasets (other wavelength ranges, resolutions or object types). Among other results, I succeed in determining criteria that discriminate the stellar temperatures ; in defining rather luminosity-sensitive and almost reddening free variables ; in constructing classes that group together similar spectra according to the variables issued from this analysis. The recourse to a library of synthetic spectra demonstrates the validity of these results and also allows the determination of the parameters Teff, log g, [M/H] and EB-v. This work shows the feasibility of an automatic system dedicated to spectral classification. A description of such system is proposed
Arzoumanian, Doris. "Characterizing interstellar filaments as revealed by the Herschel Goult belt survey : insights into the initial conditions for star formation." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077177.
Full textThis thesis aims to characterize the physical properties of interstellar filaments imaged in nearby molecular clouds with the Herschel Space Observatory as part of the Herschel Gould Belt survey. In order to get insight into the formation and evolution of interstellar filaments I analyzed, during my PhD work, a large sample of filaments detected in various nearby clouds. The observed density profiles of the filaments show a power law behavior at large radii and their dust temperature profiles show a drop towards the center. The filaments are characterized by a narrow distribution of deconvolved inner widths, centered around a typical value of ~ 0. 1 pc, while they span more than three orders of magnitude in central column density. This typical filament width corresponds to the sonic scale below which interstellar turbulence becomes subsonic in diffuse gas, which may suggest that the filaments form as a result of the dissipation of large-scale turbulence. While the turbulent fragmentation picture provides a plausible mechanism for forming interstellar filaments, the fact that prestellar cores tend to form in dense, gravitationally unstable filaments suggests that gravity is a major driver in the subsequent evolution of the dense supercritical filaments. The latter hypothesis is supported by molecular line observations with the IRAM 30m telescope, which show an increase in the non-thermal velocity dispersion of supercritical filaments as a function of their central column density, suggesting that self gravitating filaments grow in mass per unit length by accretion of background material while at the same time fragmenting into star-forming cores
Arenou, Frédéric. "Contribution à la validation statistique des données d'Hipparcos : catalogue d'entrée et données préliminaires." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010577.
Full textBoutammine, Cherif. "Algorithmes de sélection, sous contraintes, d'objets stellaires dans une image discrète du ciel." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0033.
Full textLe satellite d’observation spatiale GAIA devra fournir les positions, les distances, les vitesses et la photométrie de plus d'un milliard d'étoiles, et ce avec beaucoup plus de précision que les satellites actuels. Ces nouveaux objectifs impliquent une mise en orbite lointaine du satellite (ce qui réduit le débit d’émission vers la Terre), il est devenu alors nécessaire de déporter à bord des traitements supplémentaires. Or la quantité de données récoltée par le satellite est trop importante et ne peut être (dans sa totalité) ni transmise vers la Terre, ni stockée à bord. Le satellite GAIA sera chargé, dans un premier temps, de détecter et de définir les contours des différents objets stellaires contenus dans les images de ciels observées. Il devra, ensuite, sélectionner parmi ces objets, ceux dont les informations seront envoyées au sol. Dans ce cadre, notre contribution consiste à modéliser la phase de sélection en un problème algorithmique d’optimisation, étudier la complexité de différentes approches et proposer des heuristiques traitant ce problème. Nous avons également implémenté et testé ces heuristiques sur des images réalistes de ciels
Books on the topic "Étoile artificielle"
La cité dans les étoiles: L'épopée russe dans le cosmos. [Saint-Laurent, Québec]: Éditions P. Tisseyre, 2001.
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