Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Étoile à neuton'
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Kiendrébéogo, Ramodgwendé Weizmann. "Développements pour l'observation et la caractérisation des sources multi-messagers d'ondes gravitationnelles lors des campagnes d'observation LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04796327.
Full textThe Advanced LIGO/Virgo observation campaigns have revealed the rich and diverse physics of binary neutron star (BNS) and binary black hole mergers. In 2017, the simultaneous discovery of GWs and electromagnetic (EM) counterparts from a BNS merger provided an exceptionally detailed view of this extreme phenomenon, yielding numerous results in both astrophysics and physics, particularly on the behavior of ultra-dense matter. However, despite enormous efforts, no new multi-messenger detections have been made since. This is due to the formidable observational challenge posed by the rapid and precise alerts of GWs, the immediate reactivity of a network of telescopes, and the online data processing required for the identification of EM counterparts.The identification of EM counterparts enables numerous high-priority scientific studies, such as constraints on the equation of state of neutron stars, the measurement of the universe's expansion rate, and the r-process nucleosynthesis of heavy elements produced during a kilonova. For a rapid follow-up of possible counterparts to these events, we must reduce the sky-localization area where the event occurs. However, the significantly different sensitivities of the detectors demonstrate how challenging gravitational-wave (GW) follow-up can be. This is the case for the fourth (ongoing) and fifth LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) observation campaigns. Many GW signals from compact binary mergers are hidden by detector noise and can be detected if the noise is sufficiently reduced. To maximize the scientific outcome of the LVK GW detectors, such as the detectability of pre-merger signals, noise must be significantly reduced. Several factors contribute to this noise, undermining the detector's sensitivity, including environmental noise, instrumental artifacts, and some more fundamental and irreducible noises. The identification of additional sub-threshold events is therefore linked to our ability to reduce noise in the instruments. Noise and sensitivity directly influence our capacity to extract information from GW signals.To mitigate these effects, I initially developed new tools and techniques while also making several improvements to existing ones. These analysis tools include, among others, i) enhancing the capabilities of the Nuclear Multi-messenger Astronomy (NMMA), a Python library for probing nuclear physics and cosmology with multi-messenger analysis; ii) updating and configuring telescopes such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), and the Ultraviolet Transient Astronomy Satellite (ULTRASAT) within Gravitational-wave Electromagnetic Optimization (gwemopt), a tool for simulating detections using a telescope and event sky map information; iii) injecting a new distribution, PBD/GWTC-3, into Ligo.Skymap for "observing scenarios". This new distribution can define all populations of compact binary coalescences with a single law; iv) developing NMMA-Skyportal, a pipeline that integrates ZTF alerts, the Skyportal tool, a collaborative platform for time-domain astronomy, and NMMA to discriminate the nature of light curves in real-time.Moreover, this work provides projections for astronomers interested in data produced by GW detectors, as well as expected constraints on the universe's expansion rate based on forthcoming data. These results are useful to those analyzing GW data and those seeking EM counterparts to neutron star mergers. Finally, to address the problem of "astrophysical signals bathing" below the noise threshold, I applied the DeepClean algorithm, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, to estimate, analyze and subtract stationary and non-stationary noises in the Virgo detector. A first for the Virgo detector. In addition to preserving the integrity of the astrophysical signal, the algorithm improves the detector's signal-to-noise ratio
Kundu, Anu. "Contribution of multipolar electromagnetic fields to the radio and high energy emission of pulsars." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE014/document.
Full textStudying the electromagnetic field around neutron stars is one of the vital methods to understand the physics of the pulsars. While major literature uses assumption of a standard centred dipolar electromagnetic field, recent studies have focused on including higher multipolar field components and have presented a more generalized picture for pulsars in which the magnetic dipole moment is shifted off from the centre of the star. This work discusses the consequences of an off centred rotating magnetic dipole in vacuum by showing various characteristic features of magnetic field lines and pulsar emission. A broadband spectrum study of pulsar radiation is also laid out by creating maps of different emission regions of pulsars distinguished on the basis of their frequency with the main aim of looking for the evolution of the pulse profile with frequency. The thesis presents all the above results accompanied by the necessary discussions to understand the theoretical models used and the details of the numerical methods applied
Martin, Noël. "Modes collectifs et hydrodynamique dans la croûte interne des étoiles à neutrons." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS251/document.
Full textNeutron stars have been extensively studied since Baade and Zwicky have proposed their existence in 1934. Their description is at the interface of numerous domains of physics, e.g., X-ray astrophysics, pulsar signal observation, general relativity and nowadays gravitational waves, solid state physics, and also nuclear physics. In this thesis we will concentrate on the nuclear physics description, especially of the inner crust. These stars are charaterized by their large mass from one to two solar masses, in a radius of 10 km. Their inner structure can be divded in three major layers: the outer crust, the inner crust and the core. The outer crust consists of nuclei coexisting with an electron gas to ensure charge neutrality. If one goes deeper into the crust, the ratio of neutrons with respect to the total nucleon number increases. Eventually, the excess of neutrons in the nuclei gets so high that they drip out from the nuclei and create a dilute neutron gas. From now on, we will speak of nuclear clusters instead of nuclei. This phenomenon defines the limit between the outer crust and the inner crust. This complicated structure and composition is at the origin of many characteristic properties of neutron stars. Hence, we will construct our work in three major parts. First, we start to account for the neutron gas surrounding the clusters, which we treat as uniform. Here, the neutron gas is assumed to be superfluid, and one can expect a Goldstone mode. This description will be done in the framework of QRPA. Second, we will focus on the study of properties of the clusters contained in the inner crust. Under these conditions we expect to see cystal of spheres, rods and plates of bound nucleons, that we will describe with the help of the ETF approximation. Third, we will finish by treating the interaction between the clusters and the gas with hydrodynamics. The results will be applied to astrophysics and in particular to glitches
Gourgoulhon, Eric. "Étoiles à neutrons, étoiles de quarks, trous noirs et ondes gravitationnelles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004260.
Full textMarques, Miguel. "Relativistic rapidly differentially rotating hot neutron stars." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEO007/document.
Full textNeutron stars are among the most extreme objects in the universe. They are compact stars born as the aftermath of a core-collapse supernova explosion, at the endpoint of stellar evolution, with a strong gravitational field, and extremely high densities. They are therefore promising 'laboratories', not only to test the strong-field regime of general relativity, but also to learn about nuclear physics in the high density regime, which presently is not accessible in earth based experiments. This allows to address questions such as the possible existence of particles other than nucleons at high-densities. As a consequence of the violent birth of these objects, new-born (proto-)neutron stars are extremely hot and, in general, rapidly rotating, which raises interesting problems in the task of developing a stationary model of such objects.In this thesis, we present a new self-consistent method to numerically compute the equilibrium equations of stationary axisymmetric relativistic (differentially) rotating perfect fluids at finite temperature, with a realistic equation of state. We introduce in detail the (publicly available) code in which we implemented the described numerical scheme. We use newly developed realistic equations of state with finite temperature, which are based on density dependent relativistic mean field theory, and in which all hyperonic degrees of freedom are included, to compute realistic stationary relativistic models of rapidly differentially rotating proto-neutron stars. We discuss future applications of our code for further exploring the physics of proto-neutron stars
Chamel, Nicolas. "Entraînement dans l'écorce d'une étoile à neutrons." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011130.
Full textAppliquant des méthodes de champ moyen au-delà de l'approximation de Wigner-Seitz, nous montrons que cet entraînement résulte de la diffraction de Bragg des neutrons libres sur les noyaux. Celle-ci se traduit par une masse de neutron effective "mésoscopique", qui, contrairement à la masse effective "microscopique", est très grande devant la masse "nue", dans les couches intermédiaires.
Fortin, Morgane. "Evolution & dynamics of neutron stars : from microphysics to astrophysics." Observatoire de Paris, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012OBSP0216.
Full textNeutron stars are the remnant of massive stars and are created during the core-collapse supernova that marks the end of their life. With a radius of a tenth of kilometers for a mass of one to two times the one of the Sun, they are very dense and relativistic objects sustained by the strong interaction. This thesis deals with the theoretical modeling of three aspects of the evolution and dynamics of neutron stars : the thermal evolution of isolated neutron stars and neutron stars accreting matter from a companion star, the influence of the elastic properties of their solid parts on the rotation of isolated neutron stars and the rotational evolution of accreting neutron stars. The confrontation with the observations enables to probe the properties of dense matter
Mancini, Pires Adriana. "Population study of radio-quiet and thermally emitting isolated neutron stars." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/MANCINI_PIRES_Adriana_2009.pdf.
Full textLa présente thèse de doctorat porte sur la population d'étoiles a neutrons isolées thermiques dénuées d'émission radio dans la Galaxie. Les mouvements propres de trois étoiles à neutrons ont été étudiés avec le satellite Chandra. Ce travail a permis de contraindre le déplacement dans deux cas et a mis en évidence pour la première fois dans le domaine des rayons X le mouvement propre d'une troisième source (Motch, Pires et al. 2007, Ap&SS, 308, 217; Motch, Pires el al. 2009, A&A 497, 423). La recherche de nouveaux candidats dans le catalogue du satellite XMM~Newton, avec plus de 120 mille sources, a eu également comme but de contraindre la densité spatiale des sources X thermiques situées à grandes distances. Ce travail a mené a la découverte très attendue d'une nouvelle étoile à neutrons isolée (Pires, Motch et al. 2009, A&A 498, 233). En outre, des observations optiques profondes ont été utilisées pour identifier l'échantillon des candidats qui ont été sélectionnées parmi plus de 72 milles sources (Pires, Motch and Janot-Pacheco, 2009, A&A, 504, 185). Finalement, le travail de modélisation permet de contraindre les propriétés globales de cette population a partir du relevé constitue par l'ensemble des observations failes par XMM-Newton. Ce travail a pour but de déterminer si la densité spatiale déduite du groupe de sept étoiles connues est une anomalie causée par notre position actuelle proche des zones actives de formation d'étoiles de la ceinture de Gould en estimant la densité des sources similaires dans la Voie Lactée à plus grande distance
O objetivo da tese é estudar as propriedades da população Galáctica de estrelas de nêutrons isoladas com emissão térmica em raios X mas silenciosas em rádio. Isto é feito investigando-se a amostra existente de sete fontes próximas, conhecidas como “Magnificent Seven” (M7), assim como através da procura por novos candidatos e restringindo possíveis cenários e populações. Durante a tese, nós investigamos os movimentos próprios de três das mais fracas fontes em raios X com o satélite Chandra. Este trabalho nos permitiu restringir o deslocamento da estrela de nêutrons em dois casos assim como medir com grande precisão o alto valor de movimento próprio de uma terceira fonte, pela primeira vez em raios X com uma significância alcançando 10 desvios-padrão (Motch, Pires, Haberl, & Schwope, 2007, Ap&SS, 308, 217; Motch, Pires, Haberl, Schwope, & Zavlin, 2009, A&A 497, 423). A procura por novos candidatos a estrelas de nêutrons isoladas no catálogo de fontes do satélite XMM-Newton, com mais de 120; 000 fontes de raios X, teve igualmente como objetivo restringir a densidade espacial de fontes com emissão térmica situadas além da vizinhança solar. Este trabalho levou à aguardada descoberta de uma nova estrela de nêutrons isolada em processo de resfriamento, a qual exibe propriedades similares às sete fontes descobertas pelo ROSAT (Pires, Motch, Turolla, Treves, & Popov, 2009, A&A 498, 233). Mais ainda, observações óticas profundas com os telescópios SOAR e ESO-VLT foram obtidas durante a tese de maneira a identificar no óptico a amostra mais brilhante de candidatos a estrelas de nêutrons, os quais foram selecionados entre mais de 72; 000 fontes (Pires, Motch, & Janot-Pacheco, 2009, A&A, 504, 185). Finalmente, a síntese de população de estrelas de nêutrons isoladas Galácticas permite restringir as propriedades globais da população com base na amostra total de observações em raios X realizadas com o satélite XMM-Newton. Estimando-se a densidade de fontes similares a maiores distânciasna Via Láctea, o objetivo final é determinar se a densidade espacial derivada do grupo de sete estrelas próximas corresponde a uma anomalia local causada pela proximidade do Sol em relação a regiões de ativa formação estelar do Cinturão de Gould
Voisin, Guillaume. "Simulation numérique de la magnétosphère des pulsars : étude détaillée de processus radiatifs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEO015/document.
Full textPulsars are highly magnetized fast rotating neutron stars producing a pulsed radiation. This thesis is dedicated to their magnetosphere, namely the zone surrounding the star and filled with a plasma dragged by the rotation of the star. It was shown as soon as 1969 that the magnetosphere must have vacuum gaps, where intense electric fields develop that are capable of accelerating the rarefied plasma to very high energies along the magnetic field. The curvature of the field lines, together with the rotation around the magnetic field, results in the so-called « synchrocurvature » radiation. The energy is mostly radiated in gamma photons (γ). These photons may then be converted by the quantum processes γ photon-magnetic field or γ-γ in an electron-positron pair e+e-, each component of which then radiates at its turn which results in a cascade that provides plasma to the magnetosphere. This thesis particularly deals with two key phenomena of these cascades : synchrocurvature radiation and γγ pairs.The quantum theory of synchrocurvature radiation is developed for the first time from the first principles of quantum electrodynamics. The range of parameters compatible with the approximations of the derivation covers a wide range of physical conditions typical of pulsar magnetospheres. Quantum transitions are considered in the continuous limit when they imply a jump of the particle impulsion parallel to the magnetic field, and discrete when the jump is in the perpendicular direction. It results in a spectrum that asymptotically tends to the classical descriptions of curvature and synchrocurvature radiations but that presents very important deviations when the discrete transitions dominate the radiation.The γγ→e+e- process was studied in the case of the reaction of a gamma photon on a soft photon background. This mechanism is considered as potentially important when the magnetic field is nopt strong enough for the γ-magnetic field process to efficiently produce pairs. The soft background is most likely anisotropic, and that is why we developed a formalism allowing to arbitrarily take into account anisotropies, as well as produce the spectra of the outgoing particles so as to be able to feed the subsequent cascade consistently. Applied to a simple model of a star radiating thermal X rays, it results in a strong dependence of the reaction rate on the direction of the gamma photon.This thesis also includes a timing model of the millisecond pulsar in a triple system J0337+1715. This pulsar orbits with two white-dwarf stars, and their mutual interactions are not negligible. It follows that a numerical integration of the orbits was developed at Newtonian and first post-Newtonian orders. A complete model including the computation of delays from the star to the telescope was realized. This model is able to fit the timing data from the Nançay (France) radiotelecope with a standard deviation of less than 2µs. In principle, such a system allows to test the strong equivalence principle by a technique similar to that employed in Lunar-laser-ranging experiments, but with an unprecedented accuracy in the strong-field regime. This test demands a careful estimate of the uncertainties on each parameter, which we sample using a MCMC code. The validation of the code and the evaluation of the uncertainties are ongoing
Chabanat, Eric. "Interactions effectives pour des conditions extrêmes d'isospin." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10016.
Full textFortin, Morgane. "Evolution & dynamics of neutron stars : from microphysics to astrophysics." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731478.
Full textVincent, Stéphane. "Calcul des fréquences d'oscillations des modes axisymétriques des étoiles à neutrons en rotation." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4067.
Full textIn the same way that asteroseismology provides information about the interior of stars, the eventual detection of neutron star oscillation would impose constraints on the equation of state of nuclear matter. In the present work, the fundamental and first overtone frequencies of 1=0 modes of rotating neutron stars are calculating by taking into account the fluid and metric perturbations. We have found that the frequencies vary according to the incompressibility of the nuclear matter and the compactness of the equilibrium configuration. The detection possibility of an oscillating neutron star by the future generation of laser interferometers like advanced-LIGO and EGO was also examined, but it depends strongly on the energy released as well as on the fraction channelled into gravitational waves. We have shown that a signal could be detected by EGO up to 122 Mpc
Limousin, Francois. "Etude de systèmes binaires d'objets compacts : étoiles à neutrons, étoiles de quarks étranges et trous noirs." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00067971.
Full textUn effort est fait pour améliorer, rendre ces données initiales les plus réalistes possible d'un point de vue astrophysique. Nous avons ainsi construits les premières séquences de binaires d'étoiles de quarks étranges, et ce pour différentes équations d'état. Contrairement au cas d'étoiles à neutrons polytropiques, la séquence se termine par une instabilité dynamique. Nous avons également calculé des configurations de binaires d'étoiles à neutrons à l'aide d'une théorie sans onde allant au delà de l'approximation communément admise de métrique spatiale conformément plate. Les solutions obtenues devraient être plus précises et de meilleures conditions initiales que celles réalisées jusqu'alors. Nous avons enfin étudié, pour des systèmes d'un seul trou noir puis des trous noirs binaires, l'influence de conditions de bords aux horizons provenant du formalisme des horizons isolés et regroupnt des ingrédients de quasi-équilibre.
Giraud, Quentin. "Corrections général-relativistes à l’émission radio et haute énergie des pulsars." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE024.
Full textNeutron stars are very dense objects, denser than an atomic nucleus, formed during a supernova. A typical neutron star concentrates a mass superior to the one of the Sun in its diameter of around twenty kilometers. According to general relativity, which describes gravity as a space-time distorsion, the gravitational field of those stars should have a non-negligible impact on electromagnetic radiations close to them. During my thesis, I have simulated radio and high-energy emission originating from particules accelerated along the magnetic field lines of the neutron star inside the Schwarzschild metric to have an insight of how this kind of radiations would be affected by space-time distorsions in the vicinity of the neutron star
Siellez, Karelle. "Les systèmes binaires compacts comme sources de multimessagers : taux, distribution, émissions." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4055.
Full textThe coalescence of compact binaries (two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole) emits gravitational waves and are thought to produce a short Gamma-Ray Burst (sGRB). With the second generation of gravitational waves detector, the detection in coincidence of both electromagnetic and gravitational emission will open a new window in astrophysics; the multimessenger area. It will allow the understanding of this phenomena, their progenitor and central engine. The goal of this thesis was to made an estimation of the coincident rate for different instruments, using two different method. The first one was based on the oberservations. Thus, I selected a sample of 31 sGRBs of known redshift based on specific criteria. After studying the spectral, temporal and host properties, I derived the isotropic local rate corrected from all known biases. This result was then applied to different satellites and gravitational detectors. After that I simulated this population to confirm this coincident rate with the Monte Carlo simulations. The difference between the two results is explained by a low-redshift population that can't be reproduce by the simulations, and was underestimated before. After tested different parameters for the model, I conclude that this non reproducible population of faint sGRBs at low redshift might be due to an other sort of progenitor. This thesis shows the feasibility of a coincident detection and the observational strategy that should be adopted. The understanding of our sample of sGRB is crucial in the preparation of this coincident detection
Baillot, d'Étivaux Nicolas. "Équation d’état de la matière à densité supranucléaire et application à l’émission thermique des étoiles compactes." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1168/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns theoretical modeling of the equation of state (EoS) describing nuclear matter in the core of neutron stars (NS), under the hypothesis that no phase transition occurs. We use a meta-model which is able to i) directly incorporate nuclear physics knowledge on the form of empirical parameters such as the nuclear saturation density, the incompressibility or the symmetry energy; ii) reproduce most of the existing models; iii) explore new behaviors at high densities in a very flexible way. For each EoS, we determine a set of solutions for the masses and radii of NS, and we make a first selection of the EoS that are compatible with the stability and causality constraints, as well as the maximum observed mass of NS. Then we confront these EoS to observational data coming from thermal emission in the soft X-ray domain, for 7 NS carefully chosen. For the first time, the theoretical modeling of the EoS is directly implemented in the data analysis. We use the recent measurments of GAIA II to constrain the distance to the NS. The parameters of the modeling of thermal emission as well as the empirical parameters entering in the EoS are determined by Bayesian methods using a Monte-Carlo by Morkov Chain algorithm. Therefore, we determine the surface effective tempreature, the masses and radii of NS, as well as some empirical nuclear parameters such as the density dependance of the symmetry energy (Lsym), the isovector incompressibility (Ksym), or the isoscalar squewness (Qsat)
Babin, Jerome. "Synthèse et auto-assemblage de copolymères amphiphiles en étoile de type "miktoarm"." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173489.
Full textPetri, Jérôme. "Structure électromagnétique globale autour des pulsars." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR16233.
Full textBagot, Philippe. "Modèles de formation de systèmes doubles d'étoiles à neutrons." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20178.
Full textDi, Gallo Luc. "Excitations collectives dans la croûte interne des étoiles à neutrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667553.
Full textDi, Gallo Luc. "Excitations collectives dans la croûte interne des étoiles à neutrons." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077220.
Full textWe study the spectrum of collective excitations in the inhomogeneous phases in the neutron star inner crust, In that part of the star, the structured matter takes an original shape called pasta phase and we expect it to be in a superfluid state. Our aim is to describe the whole range of wavelengths from the long-wavelength limit to wavelengths in the range of dimensions of the Wigner-Seitz cells. The former can be described by macroscopic approaches and is crucial for the low-energy part of the spectrum, while the latter is associated to modes usually described in microscopic calculations. We developed our model using a superfluid hydrodynamical theory allowing several components. This approach takes into account the main properties of nuclear matter through sound velocities for example. Our model consist in studying the propagation of perturbation of the hydrostatic equilibrium through structures with the shape of slabs. The effect of interfaces has been represented by defining boundary conditions and we used the Floquet-Bloch theorem in order to represent the periodicity of the structures. The resolution of equations gave us very interesting excitation spectrum. And as an application, we have discussed the contribution of these collective modes to the specific heat of the lasagne phase in comparison with other known contributions
Sourie, Aurélien. "Modèles superfluides d'étoiles à neutrons en relativité générale : applications à la dynamique des pulsars." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEO002/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study different aspects, both microscopic and macroscopic, associated with the presence of a large amount of superfluid matter inside neutron stars. First, we computed stationary configurations of rotating superfluid neutron stars, in general relativity, using realistic equations of state. Based on these equilibrium configurations, we then developed a simple model of pulsar glitches, in general relativity, seen as angular momentum transfers between the superfluid neutrons and the charged particles composing the star. This enables us to infer spin-up time scales that could be compared with future accurate glitch observations, in order to get some constraints on the interior of neutron stars. Finally, we also focused on the dynamics of superfluid vortex lines, accounting for the presence of fluxtubes, if the protons are forming a type II superconductor in the core of neutron stars
Monrozeau, Charlotte. "Nouvelle méthode expérimentale dédiée à l'étude des modes collectifs dans les noyaux exotiquesInfluence de la superfluidité sur le temps de refroidissement d'une étoile à neutrons." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112324.
Full textGiant monopole (GMR) and quadrupole (GQR) resonances have been measured in the 56Ni using inelastic scattering of 50 A. MeV deuteron at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds facility. This is the first experimental observation of isoscalar collective modes in a short-lived nucleus. The secondary beam was impinged on the active target Maya filled with a pure deuterium gas. Recoiling deuterons were detected in Maya and in a wall of nine silicon detectors. The GMR and GQR are centered at 19. 3(0. 5) MeV and 16. 2(0. 5) MeV, respectively. Corresponding angular distributions were extracted from 3 to 7 degrees in the centre of masse frame. DWBA analysis based on RPA transition densities yields the percentage of the energy weighted sum rule exhausted : 136(27) % for the GMR et 76(13) % for the GQR. A finite temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model was implemented to describe the ten Wigner-Seitz cells which compose the inner crust of neutron stars and to microscopically c! alculate their specific heat. Calculations are performed with two contact pairing forces chosen to simulate the pairing properties of uniform neutron matter corresponding to the BCS approximation and to polarisation effects. Under the assumption of a rapid cooling of the core and an initial temperature of 100 keV in the inner crust, the cooling time of the star was estimated at 9 and 34 years, respectively
Güven, Haşim Zahid. "Nuclear Physics in Neutron Stars : Study of Superfluidity in Hypernuclei and Constraining the Nuclear Equation of State." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP041.
Full textIn this thesis, we first investigated the effect of Lambda pairing on the ground state properties of hypernuclei within the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov formalism. The SLy5 Skyrme functional is used in the NN channel, while for N-Lambda channel we employ three functionals fitted from microscopic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations: DF-NSC89, DF-NSC97a and DF-NSC97f. These functionals reproduce the sequence of single-Lambda experimental binding energies from light to heavy hypernuclei. For the Lambda-Lambda channel, we used the empirical prescription EmpC, calibrated to 1 MeV on the experimental bond energy in 6He_LL. Based on this density-functional approach, several nuclei have been studied with nucleon closed-shells and Lambda open-shells. A Lambda-Lambda pairing interaction is introduced, which magnitude is calibrated to be consistent with the maximum BCS predictions for the Lambda pairing gap in hypernuclear matter. In this way, we provide an upper bound for the prediction of the Lambda pairing gap and its effects in hypernuclei. We have shown that the effects of the Lambda-Lambda pairing depends on hypernuclei. The condensation energy is predicted to be about 3~MeV as a maximum value, yielding small corrections on density distributions and shell structure. Generally, we found that Lambda-Lambda pairing could be active if the energy gap between shells is smaller than 3~MeV. Under this condition, Lambda pairing could impact densities and binding energies. Since only a weak spin-orbit interaction is expected in the Lambda channel, Lambda states are highly degenerated and usually levels are distant by more than 3~MeV in energy. In summary, it is shown that the Lambda-related pairing effect can usually be neglected in most of hypernuclei, except for hypernuclei which have a single particle gap lower than 3~MeV around the Fermi level. In addition, conditions on both Fermi energies and orbital angular momenta are expected to quench the nucleon-Lambda pairing for most of hypernuclei.The second part of the thesis is devoted to equation of states in neutron stars. We confronted the tidal deformability values extracted from the gravitational event GW170817 to nuclear physics constraints within a semi-agnostic approach for the dense matter equation of state. We used Bayesian statistics to combine together low density nuclear physics data, such as the ab-initio predictions based on chiral EFT interactions or the isoscalar giant monopole resonance, and astrophysical constraints from neutron stars, such as the maximum mass of neutron stars or the probability density function of the tidal deformability obtained from the GW170817 event. The posteriors probability distribution functions are marginalized over several nuclear empirical parameters (Lsym, Ksym, Qsat and Qsym), as well as over observational quantities such as the 1.4Msun radius R1.4 and the pressure at twice the saturation density P(2n_sat). The correlations between Lsym and Ksym and between Ksat and Qsat are also further analyzed. It is found that there is a marked tension between the gravitational wave observational data and the nuclear physics inputs for the Lsym and R1.4 marginal probability distributions. This could be a hint for nucleons to more exotic particles phase transition inside of the core of neutron stars. We also conclude that increasing the accuracy on the determination of tidal deformability from the gravitational wave, as well as Mc from the isoscalar giant monopole resonance, will lead to a better determination of Ksat and Qsat
Chatelain, Amélie. "Neutrino propagation in dense astrophysical environnements : beyond the standard frameworks." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC224.
Full textSince the discovery of neutrino oscillations in vacuum, it has been shown that the presence of a matter background can greatly modify the flavor evolution. The inclusion of neutrino self-interactions in the studies of neutrino flavor conversions in dense astrophysical environments has triggered an intense theoretical activity. This thesis enters into this context by going beyond usual approaches. In our first project, we explore analytically and numerically the so-called helicity coherence, using for the first time a detailed astrophysical simulation of binary neutron star merger remnants. This study shows that helicity coherence cannot lead to conversions and, by doing so, strengthens the validity of the usually-employed mean-field equations in dense media. It also brought a better understanding of the nonlinear feedback mechanism. Having done so, we examine in a second part the role of nonstandard matter-neutrino interactions in the same astrophysical setting. We find that the presence of such interactions creates another MSW-like resonance, called the inner resonance, which can have an interesting interplay with the matter-neutrino resonance, and leads to flavor conversions very close to the central object. We also analyze the mechanism of such a resonance and show that it can be met as a synchronized resonance in the presence of a strong self-interaction potential. Finally, our last study is more formal, as it focuses on the fundamental question of decoherence by wave-packet separation in the presence of strong gravitational fields. We use the density matrix formalism for the neutrino wave packet in the Schwarzschild metric and derive the expression of the coherence length. This work provides with the first study in the description of decoherence in curved space-time
M, Urban. "Appariement et mouvement collectif dans des systèmes à N corps fermioniques : gaz d'atomes froids et étoiles à neutrons." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674944.
Full textVillain, Loïc. "Instabilités hydrodynamiques relativistes et processus Urca hors équilibre dans les étoiles à neutrons en rotation." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077196.
Full textDesvergne, Sandra. "Polymacromonomères : Synthèse - Diffusion de Neutrons aux Petits Angles - RhéologieDe l'architecture ramifiée à la conformation : étoiles et cylindres chevelus au repos et sous écoulement." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12998.
Full textServillat, Mathieu. "Identification multi-longueurs d'onde des sources X faibles des amas globulaires." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00375366.
Full textBouffanais, Yann. "Bayesian inference for compact binary sources of gravitational waves." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC197/document.
Full textThe first detection of gravitational waves in 2015 has opened a new window for the study of the astrophysics of compact binaries. Thanks to the data taken by the ground-based detectors advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo, it is now possible to constrain the physical parameters of compact binaries using a full Bayesian analysis in order to increase our physical knowledge on compact binaries. However, in order to be able to perform such analysis, it is essential to have efficient algorithms both to search for the signals and for parameter estimation. The main part of this thesis has been dedicated to the implementation of a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm suited for the parameter estimation of gravitational waves emitted by compact binaries composed of neutron stars. The algorithm has been tested on a selection of sources and has been able to produce better performances than other types of MCMC methods such as Metropolis-Hastings and Differential Evolution Monte Carlo. The implementation of the HMC algorithm in the data analysis pipelines of the Ligo/Virgo collaboration could greatly increase the efficiency of parameter estimation. In addition, it could also drastically reduce the computation time associated to the parameter estimation of such sources of gravitational waves, which will be of particular interest in the near future when there will many detections by the ground-based network of gravitational wave detectors. Another aspect of this work was dedicated to the implementation of a search algorithm for gravitational wave signals emitted by monochromatic compact binaries as observed by the space-based detector LISA. The developed algorithm is a mixture of several evolutionary algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimisation. This algorithm has been tested on several test cases and has been able to find all the sources buried in a signal. Furthermore, the algorithm has been able to find the sources on a band of frequency as large as 1 mHz which wasn’t done at the time of this thesis study
Ambrocio-Cruz, Patricia. "Evolution des grandes nébuleuses le long de la Barre du Grand Nuage de Magellan : structure du gaz neutre et ionisé associé." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11014.
Full textNoel, Claire. "Hydrodynamical simulations of detonations in superbursts." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210652.
Full textIn a firt step we obtain the detonation profiles in pure carbon and in a mixture of carbon and iron. In both cases we underline the large difference between the total reaction length and the length on which some species burn. This difference leads to enormous numerical difficulties because all the length scales cannot be resolved at the same time in a single simulation. We show that the carbon detonation might be studied in a partial resolution approach like the one of Gamezo & al. (1999).
In a second step we construct a new reduced nuclear reaction network able to reproduce the energy production due to the photo-disintegrations of heavy elements, like ruthenium, which are thought to occur during superbursts in mixed H/He accreting systems. Using this new nuclear network we simulate detonations in mixture of carbon and ruthenium. An interesting feature is that, in this case, all the reaction lengths can be resolved in the same simulation. This makes the C/Ru detonations easier to study in future multi-dimensional simulations than the pure carbon ones (Noel & al. 2007b).
Finally we perform some numerical experiments which show that our algorithm is able to deal with initially inhomogeneous medium, and that the multi-dimensional simulations are attainable even if they are quite computational time consuming.
- B. Van Leer, J. Comp. Phys. 21, 101, 1979
- Fryxell, B.A. Muller, E. and Arnett, W.D. Technical report MPA 449, 1989
- Busegnies, Y. Francois, J. and Paulus, G. Shock Waves, 11, 2007
- Gamezo, V.N. Wheeler, J.C. Khokhlov, A.M. and Oran, E.S. ApJ, 512, 827, 1999
- Noël, C. Busegnies, Y. Papalexandris, M.V. & al. A&A, 470, 653, 2007
- Noël, C. Goriely, S. Busegnies, Y. & Papalexandris, M.V. submitted to A&A, 2007b
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Un algorithme parallèle basé sur une méthode aux volumes finis inspirée du schéma MUSCL de Van Leer (1979) a été construit. Il a été développé sur base de la méthode de Lappas & al. (1999) qui permet de résoudre simultanément toutes les dimensions spatiales. Cette méthode se base sur la construction de surfaces appropriées dans l'espace-temps, le long desquelles les équations de bilan se découplent en équations plus simples à intégrer. Cet algorithme est actuellement le seul à éviter le "splitting" des dimensions spatiales. Dans les modèles conventionnels (PPM, FCT, etc.), l'intégration spatiale des équations est réalisée de manière unidimensionnelle pour chaque direction.
Un réseau de réactions nucléaires ainsi qu'une équation d'état astrophysique ont été inclus dans l'algorithme et celui-ci a ensuite été soumis à une grande variété de cas tests réactifs et non réactifs. Il a été comparé à d'autres codes généralement utilisés en astrophysique (Fryxell & al. 1989, Fryxell & al. 2000, Busegnies & al. 2007) et il reproduit correctement leurs résultats. L'algorithme est décrit dans Noël & al. (2007).
Sur base de cet algorithme, les premières simulations de détonation dans des conditions thermodynamiques représentatives des Superbursts ont été réalisées. Différentes compositions du milieu ont été envisagées (carbone pur, mélange de carbone et de fer, mélange de carbone et de cendres du processus rp). Dans la plupart des systèmes où des Superbursts ont été observés, la matière accrétée est un mélange d'hydrogène et d'hélium. Dans ce cas, des phases de combustion précédant le Superburst produisent des nucléides plus lourd que le fer (Schatz & al. 2003). Ces nucléides peuvent être photodésintégrés durant le Superburst. Pour prendre en compte ces réactions endothermiques de photodésintégration, nous avons construit un nouveau réseau réduit de réactions nucléaires qui a été incorporé dans l'algorithme hydrodynamique (Noël & al. 2007b). Ce réseau réduit reproduit globalement l'énergétique d'un réseau complet et a permis de faire la première simulation numérique de détonation dans des conditions caractéristiques de systèmes accréteurs d'un mélange hydrogène-hélium.
Finallement quelques simulations multidimensionelles préliminaires ont éte réalisées.
- Busegnies, Y. Francois, J. and Paulus, G. Shock Waves, 11, 2007
- Fryxell, B.A. Muller, E. and Arnett, W.D. Technical report MPA 449, 1989
- Fryxell, B.A. Olson, K. Ricker, P. & al. ApJS, 131, 273, 2000
- Lappas, T. Leonard, A. and Dimotakis, P.E. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 20, 1064, 1999
- Noël, C. Busegnies, Y. Papalexandris, M.V. & al. A&A, 470, 653, 2007
- Noël, C. Goriely, S. Busegnies, Y. & Papalexandris, M.V. submitted to A&A, 2007b
- Röpke, F. K. PhD thesis, Technischen Universitat Munchen, 2003
- Schatz, H. Bildsten, L. Cumming, A. and Ouellette, M. Nuclear Physics A, 718, 247, 2003
- Van Leer, B. Comp. Phys. 21, 101, 1979
- Weinberg, N.N. and Bildsten, L. ArXiv e-prints, 0706.3062, 2007
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Grosjean, Daniel. "Aspects de la recherche de coalescences binaires avec le détecteur Virgo." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184887.
Full textLa sensibilité actuelle du détecteur a été atteinte après une période de mise en route de l'interféromètre marquée par différentes campagnes de prises de données. L'analyse dans le contexte d'une recherche de systèmes binaires d'étoiles à neutrons des données recueillies depuis août 2005 s'est concentrée sur la notion de qualité de données et a conduit à développer des méthodes d'exclusion d'événements liés à un fonctionnement anormalement bruyant de l'interféromètre. La compréhension de ces sources de bruit a parfois permis d'en améliorer le fonctionnement.
La méthode d'analyse utilisée pour la recherche de systèmes binaires d'étoiles à neutrons peut s'avérer mal adaptée au cas de systèmes binaires plus massifs comportant un ou deux trous noirs. Après avoir clarifié ce point, nous envisageons dans le contexte du détecteur Virgo fonctionnant à sensibilité nominale différentes solutions pour une recherche performante de tels systèmes. Il s'agit d'une part de l'utilisation d'une famille de calques de détection, dont on confirme les performances. D'autre part, on s'intéresse à l'utilisation de calques spécifiquement adaptés à la description de l'évolution de systèmes binaires de trous noirs. Certains aspects techniques nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre d'une recherche utilisant ces solutions sont discutés.
Enfin, le dernier aspect de la recherche de systèmes binaires abordé concerne l'analyse en réseau des données recueillies par les différents détecteurs mondiaux. En utilisant des données simulées, on montre que la définition d'un nouveau temps de référence pour les événements de coalescences permet d'améliorer la précision de reconstruction de la position des sources binaires.
Bouchet, Laurent. "Observations avec le téléscope SIGMA des candidats trous noirs, sources de rayonnement Gamma." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30267.
Full textMonrozeau, Charlotte. "Nouvelle méthode expérimentale dédiée à l'étude des modes collectifs dans les noyaux exotiques.Influence de la superfluidité sur le temps de refroidissement d'une étoile à neutrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00221226.
Full textUn modèle Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov à température finie a été mis au point pour décrire les dix cellules de Wigner-Seitz composant l'écorce interne des étoiles à neutrons et calculer microscopiquement leur chaleur spécifique. Les calculs ont été réalisés en utilisant deux forces d'appariement de contact : une force reproduisant les propriétés d'appariement obtenues dans l'approximation BCS et une force simulant les effets d'écrantage du milieu. En faisant l'hypothèse d'un scénario de refroidissement rapide du cœur et une température initiale de 100 keV dans l'écorce, le temps de refroidissement de l'étoile a été estimé à 9 et 34 ans respectivement.
Aymard, François. "Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium for compact stars: modelling the nuclear energy functional." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2019.
Full textThe core collapse supernova is one of the most powerful known phenomena in the universe. It results from the explosion of very massive stars after they have burnt all their fuel. The hot compact remnant, the so-called proto-neutron star, cools down to become an inert catalyzed neutron star. The dynamics and structure of compact stars, that is core collapse supernovae, proto-neutron stars and neutron stars, are still not fully understood and are currently under active research, in association with astrophysical observations and nuclear experiments. One of the key components for modelling compact stars concerns the Equation of State. The task of computing a complete realistic consistent Equation of State for all such stars is challenging because a wide range of densities, proton fractions and temperatures is spanned. This thesis deals with the icroscopic modelling of the structure and internal composition of baryonic matter with nucleonic degrees of freedom in compact stars, in order to obtain a realistic unified Equation of State. In particular, we are interesting in a formalism which can be applied both at sub-saturation and super-saturation densities, and which gives in the zero temperature limit results compatible with the microscopic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with modern realistic effective in- teractions constrained on experimental nuclear data. For this purpose, we present, for sub-saturated matter, a Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium model which corresponds to a statistical superposition of finite configurations, the so-called Wigner-Seitz cells. Each cell contains a nucleus, or cluster, embedded in a homogeneous electron gas as well as a homogeneous neutron and proton gas. Within each cell, we investigate the different components of the nuclear energy of clusters in interaction with gases. The use of the nuclear mean-field theory for the description of both the clusters and the nucleon gas allows a theoretical consistency with the treatment at saturation and beyond. At densities above two-three times saturation, other degrees of freedom are expected to appear, which potentially lead to other consistency problems but this issue will not be treated in this thesis. The thesis is divided into three parts. In part I, we present the Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium model based on the grand canonical statistics and non-relativistic Skyrme interactions. Results at β-equilibrium are shown and the importance of the clusters distribution as well as a realistic treatment for the free energy model is discussed. Part II investigates the functional behavior of the baryonic energy in the Wigner-Seitz cell within the Extended-Thomas-Fermi approximation. In particular, both bulk and surface in-medium effects are studied, and their dependence on cluster size and asymmetry as well as gas densities and asymmetry is investigated. A preliminary result of in-medium surface effects is presented within some approximations in the case of β-equilibrated matter
Rahoui, Farid. "Etudes multi-longueurs d'onde de l'interaction des sources galactiques de haute énergie avec leur environnement." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077037.
Full textI describe the work I have done during the three years of my thesis. If I was committed to study high energy Galactic sources through multi-frequency observations, I particularly focused on the study of possible interactions between these objects and their environment. The first part is devoted to the phenomenological and theoretical properties of the three types of sources I studied, namely the supergiant X-ray binaries (SGXBs), the microquasars and the magnetars. In the second part, I show how, using an identification procedure combining photometry and spectroscopy in the optical and the near-infrared, my work confirms on the one hand the dominance of a new population of SGXBs in the sample of high mass X-ray binaries discovered INTEGRAL, and on the other hand the existence of sources that might represent a crossover state between the two known classes of SGXBs, namely the obscured SGXBs and the supergiant f^st X-ray transients. At last, the third part is dedicated to the environment and the emission of the sources in the mid- infrared. I first show that the intrinsic absorption component concentrated around the compact object is not participating in the radiation of the SGXBs. I then present the correlations between the emissions of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 in the X-rays and the mid-infrared domains. I finally explain how the study of the massive star cluster and the ga sand dust cloud associated with the magnetar SGR 1806-20 led me to the conclusion that it had not interacted with its environment during the dramatic event that occurred on December 27th 2004
Gardez, Aline. "Réactivité chimique et spectroscopie d'émission haute température d'hydrocarbures présents dans l'enveloppe des étoiles évoluées." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762309.
Full textGrave, Xavier. "Etude de méthodes pour la recherche avec le détecteur VIRGO d'ondes gravitationnelles émises par des étoiles à neutrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003045.
Full textDans une première partie, l'étoile à neutrons et son émission d'ondes gravitationnelles, sont présentées. Ensuite le détecteur, les principales sources de bruits, ainsi que la solution adoptée pour l'étalonnage sont décrits.
Puis dans une seconde partie la modélisation des effets dus aux mouvements de la terre (effet Doppler, modulation d'amplitude) est décrite. Leurs conséquences sur le rapport signal sur bruit sont déterminées.
Les deux derniers chapitres sont consacrés aux algorithmes de recherche de signaux périodiques. Tout d'abord le cas où la position de la source est connue est présenté. Le ralentissement de la rotation de la source et la correction de cet effet sont décrits. La correction de l'effet Doppler est aussi détaillée. De même, le problème de la gestion du gigantesque flot de données à traiter est abordé, et une solution y est apportée. Finalement la difficulté de recherche multidirectionnelle est présentée. Des prototypes d'algorithmes hiérarchiques sont aussi évalués.
Pastor, Jilian. "Détermination de l'équation d'état de la matière nucléaire dans des modèles relativistes non linéaires : résultats et applications." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12856.
Full textDesvergne, Sandra. "Polymacromonomères. Synthèse-Diffusion de Neutrons aux Petits Angles- Rhéologie. De l'architecture ramifiée à la conformation: étoiles et cylindres chevelus au repos et sous écoulement." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086252.
Full textCarreau, Thomas. "Modeling the (proto)neutron star crust : toward a controlled estimation of uncertainties." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC206.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis is to make realistic predictions and to investigate the sources of uncertainties in the observables of nonaccreting cold neutron stars and warm protoneutron stars, using the present day constraints provided by nuclear experiments, developments in chiral effective field theory, and astrophysical observations. A unified metamodeling approach was introduced to calculate the stellar composition and equation of state of cold nonaccreting neutron stars for any functional of nuclear matter. A Bayesian determination of the equation of state parameters was carried out, leading to realistic predictions for neutron star observables. At finite temperature, a full statistical equilibrium of ions in the crust was considered, allowing in particular for the computation of the impurity parameter. The results are compatible with constraints inferred from GW170817, and suggest that a full crustal origin of pulsar glitches should be excluded. Deviations in the crust composition from cold catalyzed matter are observed at the crystallization temperature. Results show that the contribution of impurities is nonnegligible, thus potentially having an impact on transport properties in the crust. Higher precision in the determination of high-order isovector empirical parameters through nuclear experiments or low-density effective field theory predictions, and in the experimental and/or theoretical knowledge of the surface energy at extreme isospin ratios are needed to reduce the uncertainties of crustal observables. The numerical framework developed during this thesis can be used as a basis for future studies
Artigue, Romain. "Contraindre l'équation d'état de la matière à densité supranucléaire à partir des sursauts X des étoiles à neutrons." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925679.
Full textFerrere, Arnaud. "Rôle du facteur de transcription CDP/Cux1 sur la morphogenèse dendritique des neurones épineux étoilés du cortex somatosensoriel primaire de la souris." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066590.
Full textBarrère, Paul. "Modelling magnetar formation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04796309.
Full textMagnetars are isolated young neutron stars harbouring the strongest magnetic fields observed in the Universe, with a surface dipole reaching strengths up to SI{2e15}{G}. The dissipation of their extreme magnetic fields powers a wide range of highly-energy events from bursts to giant flares, which are the most luminous events observed in the Milky Way. Combined with a fast rotation, magnetars may be the central engine of explosions more energetic than typical core-collapse supernovae, such as hypernovae and superluminous supernovae. The formation of magnetar magnetic fields remains a debated question but is crucial to understand these luminous events. Magnetic field amplification by dynamo action in the proto-neutron star is a promising mechanism to generate ultra-strong magnetic fields in fast-rotating progenitors. However, it is uncertain whether the fraction of progenitors harbouring fast core rotation is sufficient to explain the entire magnetar population. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate a new scenario for magnetar formation in which the magnetic field is amplified by the Tayler-Spruit dynamo in a proto-neutron star spun up by fallback. By deriving first a semi-analytical modelling of the scenario, we find that magnetar-like magnetic fields can be generated for a proto-neutron star spun up to rotation periods of $lesssimSI{28}{ms}$, corresponding to accreted masses of $gtrsimSI{1.1e-2}{M_{odot}}$. Then, to study in the nature of this dynamo, we performed direct numerical simulations of a simplified model of a proto-neutron star interior. We report the existence of the Tayler-Spruit dynamo, which can harbour different dynamical states from hemispherical and reversing large-scale magnetic fields to a steady equatorially symmetric large-scale toroidal field. This complex dynamics is well explained by the breaking of the flow's equatorial symmetry. The steady Tayler-Spruit dynamo harbours the strongest magnetic fields and is the most relevant for magnetars. An extended numerical study of this dynamo showed that it can form classical magnetars for rotation periods of $lesssimSI{6}{ms}$, which is five times smaller than the limit predicted by the semi-analytical model.Finally, in collaboration with Andrei Igoshev, we numerically investigate the long-term evolution of a magnetic field generated by the Tayler-Spruit dynamo. The magnetic fields harbour a low magnetic dipole but can produce the observed magnetar bursts via crust failures and reproduce the quiescent light curves of some magnetars with low-magnetic dipoles. Moreover, the coupled evolution of the magnetar with the fallback disk can explain the slow rotation period of these magnetars. These results suggest that our scenario explains well the origin of low-magnetic dipole magnetars. Beyond providing a deepened understanding of the Tayler-Spruit, our work show that our scenario is promising since it may explain the formation of a fraction of the magnetar population
Pancrazi, Benoît. "Étude multilongueur d'onde des pulsars milliseconde." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1525/.
Full textMillisecond pulsars (MSPs) are neutron stars with rotation periods of the order of a few milliseconds. They are most likely accelerated in binary systems through the transfer of angular momentum during an accretion phase. Like normal pulsars, MSPs are mostly detected and observed in the radio domain, but recent observations have shown that some of these objects are also X- and gamma-ray sources. Nonetheless, the question of the origin of high-energy emission produced by MSPs is still open. Despite all theoretical advances, large discrepancies amongst the several detected MSPs in the X- and gamma-ray domains make it impossible, at the current time, to answer this question. This thesis is devoted to the study of MSPs in the X-ray, gamma-ray and radio domains. Based on the knowledge of rotational parameters derived from radio observations, I carried out systematic pulsation searches in the signals measured in X- and gamma-rays coming from six MSPs. The comparison of pulse profiles derived in the different energy domains combined with spectral analyses provides essential information for the understanding of the origin of the emission. These analyses revealed the existence of X-ray emission coming from two new objects that add to the small known sample (ten objects before this work), with one possibly showing pulsed emission, as well as signs of pulsations in the signal emitted by three other MSPs. In the gamma-ray domain, the new detection of pulsed emission from one MSP expands the current sample of eleven gamma-ray emitters. The results suggest different origins for non-thermal radiation in the X- and gamma-ray domains. They also support the idea that the thermal X-ray emission is generated by the heating of the polar caps. In the gamma-ray domain, the detection of eight globular clusters (GCs) provides new opportunities for the discovery of new MSPs. It is very likely that these dense, old and gravitationally bound clusters of stars host a large population of MSPs, given their acceleration scenario. Analysis shows that spectral parameters measured in gamma-rays for GCs match those expected for MSPs. Under the assumption that the integrated emission from the cluster is due to that of MSPs, we were able to estimate the number of MSPs in each detected GC and the global population in the Galactic GCs. This type of study is a good opportunity to study the role of binary systems, that are responsible for the acceleration of MSPs, in the stability of GCs. Modelling of X-ray pulse profiles in the case of thermal emission enables the constraint of intrinsic parameters of neutron stars. Preliminary fits of such profiles using Monte Carlo Markov Chains are presented. I study the quality of constraints derived from fitting X-ray profiles, with and without the constraints on geometry obtained from simultaneous modelling of gamma-ray and radio profiles, in the case of bright objects whose mass has been determined accurately. Ultimately, this method should allow the equation of state of neutron stars' dense matter to be tightly constrained
Limousin, François. "Etude de systemes binaires d'objets compacts : etoiles a neutrons, etoiles de quarks etranges et trous noirs." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066524.
Full textBarret, Didier. "Modélisation de la réponse spectrale du télescope spatial SIGMA. Etude des propriétés spectrales des binaires X de faible masse dans la gamme d'énergie 35-500 keV : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30260.
Full textDurel, David. "Corrélations d'appariement dans des gaz de Fermi ultra-froids et dans la matière de neutrons." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP032.
Full textNeutron matter at low density (as it exists in the inner crust of neutron stars) is a strongly correlated Fermi system, similar to ultra-cold Fermi gases. These systems are known to become superfluid at low temperature, but the transition temperature is not yet well understood from the theoretical side, although it is very important for the modeling of neutron stars. While in the case of neutron matter one relies entirely on theoretical predictions, Fermi gases have the advantage that their properties can be measured experimentally with a high precision, which has already been done (in particular for the Fermi gas in the unitary limit), which makes them an ideal tool to test the quality of the approximations used in the theoretical description. In the strongly coupled regime (near the BCS-BEC crossover), the standard (mean field) BCS theory is not applicable. A theory that is better adapted to this regime is the Nozières-Schmitt-Rink (NSR) theory. It is based on the in-medium T matrix and includes also pair correlations above the critical temperature. But the T matrix itself is calculated for an uncorrelated system, which leads to an over-estimation of the critical temperature. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of correlations in fermionic matter. We are first interested in polarized Fermi gases at zero temperature where polarization plays a similar role as temperature by making the pairing less favorable. To deal with the correlations in these gases, we apply a theory called renormalized RPA based on self-consistent occupation numbers. The critical polarization calculated with this theory is in good agreement with other theoretical results. We also obtain results concerning the appearance of the FFLO phase where the pairs have a non-zero total momentum. Then we turn to correlations in neutron matter at finite temperature. We compare different ways of calculating correlations beyond the NSR theory and we discuss the effect of correlations on the critical temperature and the appearance of a “peudogap”. We present also the weaknesses of the different approaches. The second part of this thesis focuses on the inner crust of neutron stars in the superfluid phase. We construct an effective theory which takes as parameters the phase of the pairing gap of superfluid neutrons as well as the displacement field of normal particles. The Lagrangian associated with this theory contains the coupling of superfluid particles with normal particles, the electron gas which ensures electrical neutrality and finally the elastic deformations of crystalline, spaghetti and lasagna phases. From there, the calculation of the eigenmodes of vibrations give us access to the specific heat of the crust
Bondonneau, Louis. "Première caractérisation de la population de pulsars radio à basses fréquences avec NenuFAR." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3032.
Full textA pulsar is a rapidly rotating neutron star (typically one revolution per second). As it rotates, the beamed radio emission from the star's magnetic poles scans the universe. When the beam intercepts the Earth, the pulsar is detectable as a series of regular pulses over a wide wavelength range, from radio to gamma rays. During this thesis I used, adapted and developed analysis methods and a real-time signal processing pipeline to study pulsar radio signals in the low frequency range used by the radio telescopes LOFAR (LOw Frequency Array) and NenuFAR (New Extension in Nançay Upgrading loFAR).NenuFAR is the new instrument of the Nançay Radio Astronomy Station, built to observe the sky at frequency between 10 and 85 MHz. It is a compact array of the last generation of radio telescopes. Ultimately it will be composed of 1938 antennas with analog and digital phasing. Since the beginning of my thesis, I have been actively involved in the development of this new instrument, until it was opened to the scientific community on July 1, 2019 as part of a call for "Early Science".The first chapter of my thesis is devoted to the description of the "pulsar" phenomenon, from the emission of radiation in the magnetosphere of the neutron star to the observation of the signal by a radio telescope. The second chapter describes the instrumentation of the radio telescopes used during the thesis, and in particular the design of the NenuFAR coherent real-time "pulsar" dedispersion system (LUPPI) and the pipeline for the processing of the observations. The third chapter presents the study of about 100 pulsars observed at low frequency with LOFAR. The data are based on two surveys, one with the LOFAR core (located in the Netherlands) and the other with the LOFAR station in Nançay. Finally, the last chapter is dedicated to the commissioning of NenuFAR and the first scientific results obtained from pulsars observations. This chapter describes in particular the tests for the different observation modes (coherent dedispersion, multi-beam, single pulse, waveform recording) and the result of the first major survey of the North sky by NenuFAR. Based on the observation of 500 pulsars, this survey allowed the detection of 130 sources, including more than 50 which had never been detected at these frequencies before. I also present the scientific program of the NenuFAR pulsar Key Project, to which I have strongly contributed