Dissertations / Theses: 'Etiology'

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Molina, Seguin Jessica. "Caracterización clínica, radiológica, pronóstica y del perfil de biomarcadores de los sujetos con ictus isquémico criptogénico no lacunar de mecanismo embólico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665836.

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Introducció: L’interés per conèixer les característiques dels pacients amb ictus criptogènic no llacunar de mecanisme embòlic (de l’anglès ESUS) ha crescut últimament desde que es disposa de fàrmacs més segurs pel tractament preventiu. Ens planteguem que els ESUS presenten unes característiques clíniques, radiològiques, perfil de biomarcadors (BM) i pronòstic propis que difereixen de les altres etiologies. Metodologia: Analitzem dues cohorts. La primera cohort prospectiva analitza les característiques clíniques, de neuroimatge, ecocardiogràfiques, BM (NSE, IL-6, hs-CRP, troponina, NT-proBNP, fibrinogen, leucòcits, colesterol tradicional i no-tradicional) i recurrència. La segona cohort determina dades clíniques i de l’evolució intrahospitalaria. Ambdues van analitzar predictors de mal pronòstic en ESUS. Conclusions: Les característiques clíniques, radiològiques i perfil de BM que presenten els ESUS, els diferencien dels altres subtipus inclòs de la FA crònica i de novo. Això implicaria que no tots els ESUS regeixen el seu origen en una font cardioembòlica no detectada, establint diversos subtipus etiològics.
Introducción: El interés por conocer las características de los sujetos con ictus criptogénico no lacunar de mecanismo embólico (del inglés ESUS) ha crecido últimamente tras disponer de fármacos más seguros para el tratamiento preventivo. Nos planteamos que los ESUS presentan características clínicas, radiológicas, perfil de biomarcadores (BM) y pronóstico propios que difieren de las otras etiologías. Metodología: Analizamos dos cohortes. La primera cohorte prospectiva analiza características clínicas, de neuroimagen, ecocardiográficos, BM (NSE, IL-6, hs-CRP, troponina, NT-proBNP, fibrinógeno, leucocitos, colesterol tradicional y no-tradicional) y recurrencia. La segunda cohorte determina datos de la clínica y evolución intrahospitalaria. Ambas analizaron predictores de mal pronóstico en ESUS. Conclusiones: Las características clínicas, radiológicas y perfil de BM que presentan los ESUS, los diferencia de los otros subtipos incluso de la FA crónica y de novo. Esto implicaría que no todos los ESUS rigen su origen en una fuente cardioembólica no detectada, pudiéndose establecer varios subtipos etiológicos.
Introduction: The interest in knowing the characteristics of subjects with embolic source undetermined stroke (ESUS) has increased recently, following the release of safer drugs for preventive treatment. We propose that ESUS subjects exhibit specific clinical and radiological characteristics, biomarker (BK) patterns and a prognosis that differentiates them from other etiologies. Methodology: Two cohorts were analysed. The first prospective cohort analysed clinical, neuroimaging, echocardiography characteristics, BK (NSE, IL-6, hs-CRP, troponin, NT-proBNP, fibrinogen, leukocytes, traditional and non-traditional cholesterol) and recurrence. The second cohort established the clinical and intra-hospital evolution data. In both cohorts, the predictors of poor prognosis in ESUS were analysed. Conclusions: The clinical, radiological and BK profile characteristics of the ESUS differentiates them from the other subtypes, including chronic and the new diagnosis of AF. These results suggest that not all ESUS subjects originate from an undetected cardioembolic source, but in fact could establish several etiological subtypes.

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Vranjac, Alexandre. "Meningites de etiologia indeterminada no município de São Paulo, 1960 a 1977." Universidade de São Paulo, 1988. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-05012018-092602/.

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E realizado o estudo epidemiológico das meningites de etiologia indeterminada no Municlpio de São Paulo, no período de 1960 a 1977. O trabalho é apresentado em quatro partes. Na primeira parte são apresentados e discutidos os diferentes modos de diagnóstico etiológico das meningites (presuntivos e de certeza) e é enfatizada a necessidade do estudo das meningites indeterminadas. Na segunda parte é apresentado o comportamento epidemiológico da doença meningocócica no Município de São Paulo, no período 1960 a 1977. Esta apresentação é feita visando comparar e procurando verificar a influência da doença meningocócica no comportamento epidemiológico das meningites de etiologia indeterminada. Na terceira e quarta partes são apresentados os caracteres epidemiológicos das meningites de etiologia indeterminada. Inicialmente os casos são classificados em meningites indeterminadas de provavel etiologia bacteriana ou viral, utilizando-se como parâmetro para a classificação o percentual de neutrófilos no liquor. Em seguida são apresentados e analisados os comportamentos segundo variaveis da pessoa (idade e sexo), do local de residência (segundo distritos e areas homogêneas do município), do tempo (variação anual e mensal), modo diagnóstico, evolução clinica, tempo de hospitalização. O estudo mostra que entre 1972 e 1977 ocorreu no Município de São Paulo um aumento significativo de casos de meningite de etiologia indeterminada; grande parte dos casos, provavelmente, era constituída por casos de meningite meningocócica, dos quais não foi possivel a determinação etiológica. Ocorreu também, concomitantemente, um aumento significativo de meningites de provável etiologia viral. O percentual de neutrófilos no liquor (primeiro exame) em épocas epidêmicas, pode ser utilizado como parâmetro para classificacão epidemiológica meningites segundo etiologia provavelmente bacteriana ou viral.
The epidemiological behaviour of the meningitis of undetermined etiology within the Municipality of São Paulo, during the period from 1860 to 1977, is studied. The work consists of four parts. In the first part, the different forms of etiological diagnosis of meningitis (either presumptives ar certain) are submitted and discussed, as well as the need study of the undetermined meningitis. In the second part the epidemiological behaviour of the meningococcal diseases within the Municipality of São Paulo, during the period from 1960 to 1977, is submitted. Such a presentation is made with the purpose of comparison, and trying to verify the influence of the meningococcal disease on the epidemiological behaviour of the meningitis of undetermined etiology. In the third and fourth parts, the epidemiologic characters of the meningitis of undetermined etiology are submitted. At first, the cases are classified as undetermined meningitis of probable bacterial or viral etiology, using as parameter for the classification the percentile number of neutrophiles in the liquor (first examination). Then, there are submitted and analysed the behaviour as per the variables of the person (age and sex), place of residence (according to districts and homogeneous areas within the Municipality), time (annual and monthly variation), form of diagnosis, clinic evolution, and hospitalization period. It is concluded that between 1972 and 1977 there was in the Municipality of São Paulo, an epidemics of meningitis of undetermined etiology; most of the cases were, probably, constituted by cases of meningococcic meningitis, of which it was not possible to make the etiologic determination. There was, also, al the same time, an important increase of diagnosis of meningitis of probable viral etiology. The percentile number of neutrophiles in the Liquor (first examination), in epidemic times, may be used as an epidemiological parameter for the classification of the meningitis, as per the etiology, probably bacterial or viral.

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Nilsson, Magnus. "Etiology of gastroesophageal reflux /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-852-1/.

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Schildt, Elsy-Britt. "Etiology of oral cancer." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Onkologi, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96907.

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Zinkevičienė, Auksė. "Yeast in atopic dermatitis etiology." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121107_091213-63157.

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Isolation and identification of all yeast species found on skin affected by atopic dermatitis, evaluation of their influence to the synthesis of IgE antibodies, and assessment of the possible cross-reactivity between different yeast species was performed. It was shown that in 36.9 % of the cases of atopic dermatitis, the affected skin was colonized with yeast belonging to three genera: Candida, Malassezia and Rhodotorula. Systematic and phylogenetic analysis of sequences from atypical Malassezia restricta strain M8 indicated that this isolate could be a member of a new yeast species. Three atypical Malassezia isolates M47, M54 and M235 were identified as non-lipid-dependent variants of Malassezia furfur. It was shown that in atopic dermatitis, cutaneous colonization with yeast is two-fold higher in adults than in children. The sera of atopic dermatitis patients have specific IgE antibodies to cross-reactive intracellular yeast antigens. Candida pelliculosa and house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae might share some allergenic epitopes. The results of this study suggest that attention should be given to a cutaneous colonization by saprophytic yeast since the immune response to the allergens could further exacerbate allergic inflammation due to cross-reactive epitopes.
Išskirtos ir identifikuotos atopinio dermatito pažeistą odą kolonizuojančios mielių rūšys, įvertinta jų įtaka specifinių IgE antikūnų sintezei bei kryžminių reakcijų tarp skirtingų mielių rūšių galimybė. Nustatyta, kad 36,9 % atvejų atopinio dermatito pažeista oda yra kolonizuojama Candida, Malassezia ir Rhodotorula genties mielėmis. Išskirtas netipinėmis fiziologinėmis savybėmis pasižymintis Malassezia restricta kamienas M8 gali būti naujos rūšies atstovas. Išskirti netipinėmis fiziologinėmis savybėmis pasižymintys Malassezia genties kamienai M47, M54 ir M235 identifikuoti kaip nuo išorinio lipidų šaltinio nepriklausantys Malassezia furfur. Įrodyta, kad mielės suaugusių asmenų atopinio dermatito pažeistą odą kolonizuoja du kartus dažniau negu vaikų. Įrodyta, kad atopiniu dermatitu sergančių asmenų kraujo serume aptinkama prieš kryžmiškai reaguojančius mielių viduląstelinius antigenus nukreiptų specifinių IgE antikūnų. Taip pat nustatyta, kad Candida pelliculosa ir namų dulkių erkių Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ir Dermatophagoides farinae alergenai gali turėti panašius epitopus. Darbo rezultatai patikimai rodo, kad atopinio dermatito pažeistą odą kolonizuojančios komensalinės mielės gali pasunkinti atopinio dermatito eigą dėl kryžmiškai reaguojančių epitopų tarp skirtingų biologinių rūšių antigenų.

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Tabatabaei, Ali Reza. "Parkinson's disease : etiology, prevention and treatment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30382.

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This thesis consists of three chapters dealing with different aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD). 3-Acetylpyridine (3-AP), a naturally occurring neurotoxin, was studied for its neurodegenerative properties on the mesostriatal dopaminergic system in rats as a possible environmental cause of idiopathic PD. Chronic administration of this compound to rats caused a moderate but insignificant reduction of striatal dopamine (determined by HPLC measurement of striatal dopamine) and a more substantial degeneration of cerebellar neurons and their neurotransmitters (determined by amino acid analysis of cerebellum). Prophylactic use of a high dose of nicotinamide prevented the reduction of dopamine in the striatum as well as the severe behavioural manifestations induced by 3-AP in rats. The cerebellar damage, however, was not affected. Different mechanisms of damage by 3-AP in these structures were presumed based on the protective effects of nicotinamide in the substantia nigra but not in the cerebellum. Possible protective properties of MK-801 (a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist) and nicotinamide against MPTP neurotoxicity were also examined in mice. MK-801 treatment provided a substantial protection against MPTP-induced reduction of striatal dopamine. Nicotinamide on the other hand provided no such protection. Finally, a new controversial approach to the treatment of parkinsonism was evaluated. Nervous tissue from 13-15 day-old fetuses was transplanted into MPTP-treated mice. The transplanted material was harvested from different areas of the fetal brain and was prepared by various procedures to examine the possible bases of any improvement in the host animal. After two studies, we did not find a biochemical improvement in transplanted mice treated with MPTP regardless of the nature of the transplanted materials.
Medicine, Faculty of
Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of
Graduate

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Reed, Daniel. "Assessment of fifth metatarsal fracture etiology." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219855425/.

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Hanna, Courtney Wood. "Recurrent miscarriage : unraveling the complex etiology." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44347.

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Recurrent miscarriage (RM), defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous losses of pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation, affects 1-2% of couples and has a complex etiology. Half of miscarriages from RM cases are caused by chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo and while there are several associated maternal factors, underlying causes and clinically relevant biomarkers have been elusive. I hypothesized that genetic and/or epigenetic factors associated with maternal meiotic non-disjunction, reproductive aging and endocrinological profile, or placental functioning will contribute to the etiology of RM. In these case-control studies, I investigated the association between RM and 1) maternal mutations in synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3), 2) maternal telomere lengths, 3) maternal polymorphisms in genes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis and 4) placental DNA methylation patterns. The findings suggest that maternal mutations in SYCP3 and polymorphisms in HPO axis genes may not contribute significantly to risk for RM. No mutations in SYCP3 were identified in women with RM with at least one trisomic conception. While associations between polymorphisms within the estrogen receptor β, activin receptor 1, prolactin receptor and glucocorticoid receptor genes and RM were identified, these were not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Aspects of chromosomal biology may be important factors in the etiology of RM. Women with RM had significantly shorter telomeres compared to controls, suggesting altered rates of biological aging. In the placental villi of RM samples, there were few differences in DNA methylation at targeted sites when compared to isolated miscarriages and elective terminations. However, gene ontology analysis showed that imprinted genes and immune response pathways were overrepresented among those sites differentially methylated between RM and elective termination placentas. The RM group additionally had an increase in the number of outlier cases at a select number of imprinted loci. Furthermore, several placental samples from both cases and controls showed aberrant DNA methylation profiles at many loci investigated, suggesting these samples may have global dysregulation of DNA methylation and/or differences in placental composition/functioning. These studies have improved our understanding of mechanisms involved in RM and will contribute to the direction of future research.

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Lancaster, Johnathan Mark. "Molecular genetic etiology of ovarian cancer." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55576/.

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Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women in Western Europe and the United States and has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic cancers. Approximately 75% of cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma are diagnosed at advanced-stage (III/IV) with disseminated intra-peritoneal metastases, such that the majority of patients succumb to the disease within 5 years. Mortality from the disease has changed little over the last several decades. Despite such dismal statistics, our understanding of the molecular etiology that underlies ovarian cancer development, progression and response to therapy remains incomplete. The recent development of DNA microarrays enables the simultaneous measurement of expression of thousands of genes in a single sample, providing a molecular phenotyping not evident by traditional clinical, molecular or histopathologic methods. This thesis outlines the characterization of genome-wide expression patterns that underlie ovarian cancer development and metastasis, as well as clinical behavior relating to likelihood of optimal surgical resection, response to chemotherapy, and ultimate survival. Individual genes that contribute to the expression profiles are analysed further to delineate their specific role in ovarian cancer development and progression. Additionally, the contribution of a low penetrance polymorphic allele in the progesterone receptor gene as a risk factor for the development of the disease is examined in a large population-based case-control trial. Our data suggest that microarray analysis can facilitate the characterization of the molecular basis to ovarian cancer development, metastasis, and response therapy. Specific genes identified in this analysis represent not only potential biomarkers for the presence and clinical behavior of ovarian cancers, but appealing therapeutic targets. Our findings suggest that gene-expression profiles can be developed that can be applied in the clinic to not only provide prognostic information, but predict response to specific chemotherapeutic agents, enabling treatments to be tailored to individual patients with ovarian cancer.

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Haemer, Joseph Michael. "Mechanical etiology of osteoarthritis after meniscectomy /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Modarres, Mosaddegh Seyed Ali 1957. "ETIOLOGY OF URBAN GROWTH OR DECLINE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275314.

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Hallquist, Arne. "Thyroid cancer : studies on etiology and prognosis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Onkologi, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100596.

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Thyroid cancer constitutes about 1% of all malignant tumours and the incidence is increasing in Sweden. It is rare in children before the age of 10. During puberty the female to male ratio increases to be two to three times more common in females. The ratio remains constant until menopause and thereafter declines. The etiology of this gender-dependent incidence difference is unclear. Ionizing radiation is the only well-established risk factor for the disease, while the impact of other etiological factors is not clear. A retrospective study based upon medical records of 218 females and 91 males with papillary, mixed or follicular types of thyroid cancer was conducted. Prognostic factors were compared by multivariate analysis using Cox's semiparametric hazard model. Differences in prognosis between women and men were found. There was a higher relapse rate and mortality risk among men. Distant metastasis, age >50 years, regional lymph node metastasis, low or moderate differentiation, and tumour related symptoms at diagnosis were also independent factors related to increased tumour mortality risk. A population-based case-control study including 180 cases and 360 controls was carried out to identify risk factors for thyroid cancer. Information on exposure was obtained by mailed questionnaires. The first part of the study investigated connections between medical ionizing radiation and thyroid cancer. The results showed that diagnostic X rays were a significant risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer in women between 20 and 50 years at diagnosis. Exposure to iodine-131 caused no increased risk for thyroid cancer. The result supports that external radiotherapy is a risk factor for thyroid cancer in women. The second part of the case-control study dealt with occupation and different exposures. Work with diagnostic X-ray investigations and work as a lineman was associated with thyroid cancer. Exposure to impregnating agents increased the risk. The third part of this study showed that one pregnancy increased the risk for papillary thyroid cancer. A medical history of asthma or allergy decreased the risk. Another case-control study using medical records as the source for assessment of exposure gave a non significantly increased risk for thyroid cancer in patients who had been treated with external radiotherapy including the thyroid gland.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 5 uppsatser.

digitalisering@umu

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Diachenko, O., and S. Avdyeyev. "Formation, etiology and pathogenesis of giant cells." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45091.

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Introduction: Giant cells are the cells that superior to their size common cell types. They can be as in normal so in pathological conditions. Cells that are encountered in normal conditions are divided into two types: megakaryocytes and multinucleate cells.

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Tinling, Steven Paul. "Studies on the etiology of gerbilline cholesteatoma /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Kamel, M. A. M. "ETIOLOGY OF CROWN ROT OF ORGANIC BANANAS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/342536.

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Crown rot is one of the most important postharvest diseases with a great negative impact on banana fruit quality. Bananas are harvested green and many packaging processes are carried out before coming on the market. The infections occur at harvest, but the symptoms appear after overseas transportation. Different pathogens are involved in crown rot, varying according to farming area. Little is known about its etiology and causal agents in organic farming. Dominican Republic is one of the leading exporters of organic bananas, and therefore, in this PhD thesis, five organic farms and their corresponding packing stations located in Valverde were investigated. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study covering Dominican Republic and it focused in particular on: the disease etiology, conditions, infection time and mechanisms that determine its development. Over a period of three years, 558 banana hands were collected and a total of 5000 fungal colonies were obtained from the crown tissues and 1750 representative colonies were purified. The identification of mycoflora associated with crown tissues was carried out with the final aim to search for disease management strategies compatible with organic production. Fungi were found in all the analyzed samples collected from various processing stages: from field to packing houses, and obtained in high rate starting from field from flowers as well as crown parts. The diffusion of the pathogen inoculum occurs principally during the banana processing, especially during the dehanding and in washing tanks. The final crown trimming followed by washing and quality of water used in the application of protective products were the critical points of crown infections. Five hundred and eighteen representative colonies were characterized and identified using morphological and molecular methods. The fungal community was dominated by Fusarium, the most frequent genus (55%) found in more than 80% of all analyzed samples. It was represented by nine species; F. incarnatum 53%, F. verticillioides 12%, F. sacchari 12%, F. proliferatum 7%, and F. solani 6%. Strains belonging to eight less frequent genera were represented by Colletotrichum musae 7% and found in 13% of all samples; Lasiodiplodia theobromae 4% and L. pseudotheobromae 1%, both found in 7% of all samples; Nigrospora sp. 11%, Alternaria spp. 6%, Phoma spp. 2%, Pestalotiopsis sp. 2%, Curvularia spp. 1% and Microdochium sp. 1%. Considering the main genera, the results based on morphological and molecular aspects showed a high variability among strains. By conducting the experimental inoculation trials, C. musae strains resulted from the most virulent among different species, followed by F. sacchari, L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae and F. verticillioides. The remaining strains had low pathogenicity, and their role could be ancillary in the crown rot development, or could be considered saprophytic. Summarizing the isolation frequency and pathogenicity tests, F. incarnatum strains played the main role in crown rot disease of organic bananas in the investigated areas.

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Costas, Caudet Laura. "Reproductive factors, hormone use, and endocrine disruptors in the etiology of lymphoid neoplasms = Factors reproductius, ús d’hormones i disruptors endocrins en l’etiologia de les neoplàsies limfoides." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565936.

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Lymphoid neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of cancers characterized by the neoplastic or clonal proliferation of lymphoid cells in different stages of differentiation. The incidence rate of these neoplasms has seen a rise in some western countries since the 1970s and it seems to have reached a plateau during the last decade. Incidence rates are higher in men than in women for most lymphoma subtypes; however, the causes explaining these differences by sex are unknown. We hypothetised that hormonal factors could have a role in lymphoma etiology. The general aim of this thesis was to assess the risk of lymphoid neoplasms in relation to reproductive factors and occupational exposure to endocrine disruptors. We used different studies and populations to evaluate our hypothesis: the EpiLymph study, the InterLymph consortium, the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium, and a systematic review. As well, we developed a new tool to estimate occupational exposures to a specific type of endocrine disruptors. We observed contradictory findings across studies and lymphoma subtypes concerning the association between lymphoma and parity, as well as hormonal contraceptives. We observed inverse associations between postmenopausal hormone therapy and lymphoma, although we noticed in our systematic review that cohort studies usually found null associations. We observed associations with lymphoma and prolonged (≥30 years) occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, in particular for multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Associations were observed between lymphoma and prolonged occupational exposures to organic solvents, pesticides, brominated flame retardants, alkylphenolic compounds, and metals. To further explore the associations with alkylphenolic compounds, we developed a job-exposure matrix on these compounds considering relevant changes in use over time. In conclusion, our results indicate that reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use are unlikely to play a role in lymphomagenesis. The associations between occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and lymphoma need to be further explored in studies using a more detailed exposure assessment.

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Solans, Margalef Marta. "Dietary patterns in the etiology of lymphoid neoplasms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668743.

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Diet is a key modifiable risk factor for several neoplasms, but evidence for lymphoid malignancies is still inconsistent. Previous epidemiological studies were mostly focused on single dietary components (i.e. nutrients or food groups), while the role of overall diet has scarcely been studied. This thesis aims to explore the association of up to five dietary patterns and lymphoma risk, using data from two observational studies: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort and the Multicase-control Spain (MCC-Spain) study
La dieta és un factor de risc modificable per nombrosos tipus de càncer però, pel què fa a les neoplàsies limfoides, l’evidència és encara inconsistent. Estudis epidemiològics previs s’han centrat majoritàriament en l’anàlisi de components de la dieta individuals (nutrients o grups d’aliments), mentre que el rol de la dieta en conjunt roman pràcticament inexplorat. Aquesta tesi avalua la relació entre cinc patrons de dieta i el risc de limfoma, mitjançant dades de dos estudis observacionals: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) i Multicase-control Spain (MCC-Spain) study

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Maier, Shannon Marie. "Murine models in the investigation of lupus etiology." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2006.

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Knobel, Heidi. "Fatigue in cancer treatment - assessment, course and etiology." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1955.

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Aims. The major aims of the present work were to increase the understanding of cancer related fatigue with respect to assessment methodology, frequency and possible etiology. The validity of two fatigue instruments was evaluated and compared in order to enable an evaluation of the fatigue assessments in different patient cohorts. Secondly, the frequency and course of fatigue during curative cancer treatment, as well as the frequency of fatigue in cancer survivors were investigated in order to demonstrate the symptom burden during treatment and after ending curative treatment. The tertiary aim was to explore possible etiologic factors that may explain fatigue in cancer survivors.

Background: The long term survival of cancer patients has risen dramatically during the last decades. Several follow-up studies have shown that the long term side effects of curative treatment are more pronounced than first expected. During the last years much more attention have been given to the need for systematic follow up and assessment of long term effects on objective and subjective health after curative treatment. Fatigue is reported to be one of the most frequent and disturbing symptom in cancer patients in general, and is experienced by cancer patients at all stages of their disease. Fatigue is also observed as a subjective late effect in cancer survivors. The prevalence of chronic fatigue (elevated fatigue levels > 6 months) is 2-3 times higher in Hodgkin´s Disease Survivors (HDS) than in the general population. Despite the high prevalence of fatigue, the etiology and causes of the symptom is not clear. Most studies of fatigue in cancer patients are cross sectional and of limited value when exploring the frequency and contributing factors to the etiology. Since fatigue is a subjective phenomenon, it is agreed that it should be measured by patients self assessment. Several instruments are developed for fatigue measurement, both uni - and multi -dimensional. As in research in general, the validity of the subjective outcomes are of crucial importance.

Methods: Five different studies were conducted in order to meet the major aims. Two aspects of the validity of the fatigue scale in the health related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 were addressed, the dimensionality of the fatigue scale (FA) and the sensitivity of the FA. The instruments were evaluated in two different patient cohorts, a palliative patients cohort and a cohort of hematooncological malignancy patients after curative treatment. A longitudinal follow up study of HRQoL and fatigue in lymphoma and leukaemia patient before, during and until three to five years post treatment with high dose chemotherapy and stem cell support was conducted in order to evaluate the trajectory of fatigue and HRQoL during and after treatment, and to compare symptom and function levels between the cohorts. The relationship between fatigue and late effects of pulmonary, cardiac and endocrine function as well as brain MRI abnormalities were investigated in order to explore possible etiologic factors of fatigue in lymphoma survivors after transplant therapy and in HDS after standard treatment.

Findings: The EORTC QLQ-C30 fatigue scale is one - dimensional measuring physical fatigue. A floor/ceiling effect illustrated a poor sensitivity of the scale in patients with lowest respectively highest fatigue level. According to the longitudinal study lymphoma patients report more fatigue, poorer functioning and poorer quality of life as compared to leukaemia patients three to five years after post transplant and as compared to the general population. This pattern was also observed at baseline before transplant. Pulmonary dysfunction was associated with fatigue in HDS whereas cardiac and thyroid dysfunction as late effects after curative treatment did not explain high levels of fatigue in HDS. A questionable association between fatigue and thyroid and gonadal dysfunction were observed. Neither cytokines nor brain white matter lesions were associated with fatigue in HDS.

Conclusion: The fatigue subscale, FA, of the EORTC QLQ C30 is measuring physical fatigue. The ability of FA to discriminate between patients with different levels of fatigue is poorer as compared to a fatigue specific instrument (Fatigue Questionnaire). The validation of instruments in different cohorts with differences in frequency and intensity of symptoms is important.

As illustrated in earlier studies, fatigue is a prevalent symptom in lymphoma patients before and after treatment indicating that fatigue may be related to the lymphoma disease. Pulmonary late effects was predictor of fatigue in HDS, and the explanatory value of cardiac and endocrine late effects need further investigation. Follow-up program that extend 15-20 years post treatment should be considered in order to explore the effect of clinical relevant medical late effects on subjective health including fatigue.

Paper III reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, sciencedirect.com

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20

Hellman, Kristina. "Vaginal carcinoma : studies on etiology and prognostic factors /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-519-4/.

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Kraaijenhagen, Roderik A. "The etiology, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/84205.

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Harrison, Lucy. "Autism: the etiology and treatments of the disorder." Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27668.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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Sappy, Immaculate. "Ribonucleic Acids in Disease Etiology and Drug Discovery." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1566562465233197.

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24

Kerr, Nancy Jean. "Occurrence, etiology and management of ringwomb in ewes." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=964.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 46 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-45).

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Orrling, Arne. "Recurrent streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis studies on etiology and treatment /." Lund : The Faculty of Medicine Lund University, 2006. http://theses.lub.lu.se/scripta-archive/2006/03/08/med_1274/arne_kappa.pdf.

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26

Gregory, Linda Ellen. "An etiology of domestic violence and non-violence." Thesis, Gregory, Linda Ellen (2003) An etiology of domestic violence and non-violence. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51307/.

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This thesis research has examined what male social workers believe to be the causes of domestic violence and, more importantly, what they believe causes non-violence between partners. The research was a qualitative study of interviews with men, mostly social workers, who worked with both perpetrators and victims of domestic violence. The aims of the research are to provide some answers as to why, despite the attention given to domestic violence and the provision of DV treatment programs by social workers and counsellors, in both public and private sectors, the problem remains intractable. Twenty men who worked in the area of domestic violence were interviewed, individually, with a series of twenty five questions. Two leaders of a local men's group were also interviewed. The main discussion topics for all these men were their views on the causes of domestic violence and then, more positively, what they felt were the reasons why most men, including themselves, were physically non-violent. Investigating what these men feel causes domestic violence and nonviolence may provide an insight into what brings most men in our society to be physically non-violent to their partners. Hopefully, this information can be used to implement factors into families and society to work towards non-violence. The interviewees' definitions of domestic violence were discussed, and what causes it. What causes non-violence, and scripting was positioned by them as the major factor in both. Within traditional Western male scripting lies males' sense of entitlement to privileged positions in their families and society. A question about violence surfaced. What is the purpose of violence? For the purpose of this research violence is defined as person or persons insisting on getting what they want, as a result of their claim to have the right to have it. Male entitlement to privileges was identified by five of the men as being problematical and a central cause of domestic violence. The other fifteen interviewees, as well as the two men from the men's groups, accepted but appeared to discount the issue on varying levels. Whilst five men saw the existence of male privilege as a significant problem that needs changing, ten of the others saw the existence of it, but defined it as normal, and therefore by implication, believe it will be maintained, or that it can not be changed. One of the underpinning dynamics revealed in this research is that the issue of male privilege is apparent to some and invisible to others, in the context of domestic violence this is going to be a problem. In dealing with domestic violence we have to not simply invest in putting more social workers in the DV area; they need to be properly and adequately trained, and adequately committed to a treatment model which foregrounds male privilege [and does not present men as victims.] We need public investment in DV counselling, training and accreditation. We need to address the issue of male privilege in the whole of society and to focus on creating equality of power in relationships between men and women.

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27

Ekvall, Håkan. "Plasmodium falciparum malaria and anaemia in childhood /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/20001006ekva/.

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28

Ares, Mikko. "Effects of lipid oxidation on transcriptional regulation and cell death /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980513ares.

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29

Gustafsson, Ulf. "Cholesterol gallstone disease in the gallbladder : mechanisms of gallstone formation and cancer development /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4390-7/.

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30

Marklund, Julia. "Diet as an etiology factor for inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-58325.

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31

Lindblad, Mats. "Aspects on the etiology of esophageal and gastric cancer /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-110-5/.

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Wolde, Marije ten. "Management of venous thromboembolism etiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/87021.

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Klaassens, Merel. "Genetic factors in the etiology of longenital diaphragmatic hernia." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10297.

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34

Axmon, Oscar. "Maxillofacial fractures in a Swedish population–incidence and etiology." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för läkarutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-36958.

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35

Page, Ernest H. "Simulation modeling methodology: principles and etiology of decision support." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37951.

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36

Antofiichuk, T. M. "Anemic syndrome in patients with steatogepatitis of different etiology." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18081.

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37

Піхтірьова, Аліна Володимирівна, Алина Владимировна Пихтирева, Alina Volodymyrivna Pikhtirova, and E. Pecka-Kiełb. "Reasoning for phagoprophylaxis of food toxicosis of bacterial etiology." Thesis, Aluna, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81113.

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Пряма загроза здоров’ю та добробуту людей – бактерії та продукти їх життєдіяльності. Вони є причиною величезних економічних збитків спричинених зниженням працездатності людей та псуванням харчових продуктів. У епоху широкого та практично безконтрольного використання різноманітних (не завжди безпечних для людини) засобів для боротьби з бактеріальною забрудненістю, питання використання фагів з метою контролю бактеріального обсіменіння харчових продуктів стає особливо важливим. Бактерії мають безліч пристосувальних механізмів, здатні відносно швидко пристосовуватися до впливу бактеріоцидів та бактеріостатиків різного походження, але подолати природних суперників для них не є можливим. Бактеріофаги (фаги) або ‘bacteria eater’ – природні вбивці бактерій. Незважаючи на різні (ліричний та лізигенний) цикли розвитку, зустріч бактерії з фагом неминуче закінчується загибеллю бактеріальної клітини. Безперечно, залишаються деякі проблеми пов’язані з розробкою та використанням фагових препаратів спрямованих на підвищення безпечності харчових продуктів. Але очевидним є факт, що бактеріофаговий біоконтроль залишається економічно, екологічно та біологічно дуже привабливим методом усунення хвороботворних бактерій з продуктів харчування.
Прямая угроза здоровью и благополучию людей – бактерии и продукты их жизнедеятельности. Они являются причиной огромных экономических убытков вызванных снижением работоспособности людей и порчей пищевых продуктов. В эпоху широкого и практически бесконтрольного использования различных (не всегда безопасных для человека) средств для борьбы с бактериальной загрязненностью, вопросы использования фагов с целью контроля бактериальной обсемененности продуктов питания становится особенно важным. Бактерии имеют множество приспособительных механизмов, способны относительно быстро приспосабливаться к воздействию бактериоцидив и бактериостатиков различного происхождения, но преодолеть природных соперников для них не представляется возможным. Бактериофаги (фаги) или "bacteria eater '- естественные убийцы бактерий. Несмотря на различные (лирический и лизигенний) циклы развития, встреча бактерии с фагом неизбежно заканчивается гибелью бактериальной клетки. Бесспорно, остаются некоторые проблемы, связанные с разработкой и использованием фаговых препаратов направленных на повышение безопасности пищевых продуктов. Но очевидным является факт, что бактериофаговий биоконтроль остается экономически, экологически и биологически очень привлекательным методом устранения болезнетворных бактерий из продуктов питания.
A direct threat to human health and well-being — bacteria and products of their activity. They are the cause of the huge economic losses caused by the decline in human efficiency and spoilage of food products. In an era of widespread and practically uncontrolled use of the various (not always safe for humans) ways to fight bacterial contamination, the question of phages using to control bacterial contamination of food becomes especially important. Bacteria have many adaptive mechanisms, able to adapt relatively quickly to the effects of bacteriocides and bacteriostats of various origins, but it is still not possible to overcome natural rivals. Bacteriophages (phages) or ‘bacteria eater’ – natural bacteria killers. Despite different (lytic and lysogenic) cycles of development, encounter of the bacterium with the phage inevitably ends with the death of the bacterial cell. There are, undoubtedly, some problems with the development and use of phage preparations aimed at improving food safety. But it is obvious that bacteriophage biocontrol remains an economically, environmentally and biologically very attractive method of eliminating pathogenic bacteria from food.

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38

Sriramoju, Vindhya, sathvika gaddam, Ali Bokhari, and Aziz 7471363 Saba. "A case of postmenopausal ovarian hyperandrogenism of uncertain etiology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/37.

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Introduction New onset hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal female is a rare occurrence, presenting with hirsutism or signs and symptoms of virilization. The causes of hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal female can be categorized into tumorous (androgen-secreting ovarian or adrenal tumors) and non-tumorous in origin (Hyperthecosis, Cushing’s syndrome, Acromegaly, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, and iatrogenic). Here we present a case of severe hyperandrogenism of ovarian origin in a postmenopausal female where definite etiology could not be ascertained either by imaging or pathology. Case A 72-year-old female was referred to endocrinology clinic for complaints of worsening alopecia and hirsutism for the past 4 years. History was positive for weight gain of 80 lbs in the last ten years, menstrual irregularities since menarche, and recent deepening of voice. She denied exposure to exogenous androgenic steroid. Physical examination was remarkable for android obesity, severe male pattern alopecia, hirsutism involving face and deepening of voice, no clitoromegaly was noted. Lab evaluation showed elevated total testosterone level 261 ng/dl (normal value: 2-45 ng/dL) and free testosterone 14.1 pg/mL (normal value: 0.2-3.7 pg/mL ). Estradiol level was elevated and FSH and LH were low for a post-menopausal state. 17 hydroxy progesterone, TSH, and 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test were normal ruling out congenital adrenal hyperplasia, thyroid dysfunction and Cushing’s syndrome. IGF-1 was not elevated ruling out acromegaly. DHEAS level was normal and CT abdomen and pelvis showed no evidence of an adrenal tumor, excluding adrenal source of androgen excess. Transvaginal Ultrasound showed normal volume of the ovaries, thickened endometrium and uterine myomas. Given markedly elevated testosterone levels and exclusion of adrenal tumor, suspicion for an ovarian source remained high. An MRI of the pelvis was done that showed 1.9 cm left adnexal cyst. She was then referred to Gynecology and underwent total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Interestingly surgical pathology was negative for tumor, showed unremarkable ovaries and right fallopian tube, left fallopian tube with hydrosalpinx, and showed atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium. However, testosterone levels decreased to normal two months after surgery; Free testosterone 1.8 pg/ml (normal values: 0.2-3.7 pg/mL), total testosterone 31 ng/dl (normal value: 2-45 ng/dL) indicating removal of ovarian source of testosterone production. Discussion Although relatively rare, severe hyperandrogenism (total testosterone >150 ng/dL, DHEAS >700 mcg/dL, signs of virilization) in postmenopausal women is caused either by adrenal or ovarian androgen secreting tumor or ovarian hyperthecosis, which is characterized by a hyperplastic ovarian stroma. Severity of symptoms, degree of androgen excess followed by imaging studies lead to identification of source of excessive androgen secretion in most cases. Diagnosis of ovarian virilizing tumors can be difficult since size of such tumors is often too small to allow detection on imaging studies, but are generally detected on surgical pathology and therefore bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is recommended after exclusion of adrenal cause. However, rarely etiology may remain undetermined in some cases with conventional histology as in our patient.

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39

Appareddy, Nina Shyama, Sukesh Manthri, Fady Tawadros, Kimberly Helms, and Elnora Spradling Spradling. "ATM Gene Deletion: A Rare Etiology for Hereditary Cancers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/56.

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Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene helps to repair DNA damage and that increased cancer risks are associated with having a mutation in an ATM gene. ATM gene is newer compared to other known hereditary cancer genes. We present a rare care of 66-year-old female with extensive personal and family history of breast and pancreatic cancer had negative imaging surveillance until recent systemic imaging showed new pancreatic head 2.5x2.5 cm mass. Endoscopic ultrasound confirmed invasion of superior mesenteric vein with near confluence. No regional adenopathy was seen. She was felt to be borderline resectable and neoadjuavant chemotherapy was planned. She had a personal history of right breast cancer diagnosed in 1998 status post lumpectomy and axillary lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemotherapy with CMF regimen x 5 cycles and radiation therapy and endocrine therapy with tamoxifen for 5 years. In 2011 she was also diagnosed with rectal well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma status post abdominoperitoneal resection on 3/15/2011, 36 lymph nodes were negative, but the surgical circumferential radial margin was positive. She underwent adjuvant radiation therapy with total dose of 45 Gy. There was recurrence in vaginal and bladder wall adenocarcinoma in 2014 for which patient underwent an anterior exenteration. Pathology felt this was endocervical origin of malignancy and patient received megace therapy for 3 years based on hormone receptor positive status. For new diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, she was started on Gemcitabine and Abraxane chemotherapy. Given extensive personal and family history of malignancy, she was referred to genetic counsellor. Hereditary cancers panel at invitae laboratory was positive for a heterozygous pathological variant in the ATM gene deletion (exons 62-63). ATM gene is associated with an increased risk for autosomal dominant breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer. Close relatives (children, siblings, and each parent) have up to a 50% chance of being a carrier of this variant. It is essential for treating physicians to educate patients and family members on the risk for subsequent malignancies.

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40

Swogger, Roxanne. "Incarcerated Men and the Etiology of Intimate Partner Violence." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1472915399.

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41

Morrow, James J. "NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE MOLECULAR ETIOLOGY OF TUMOR METASTASIS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1473379869276925.

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42

Lu, Xiaoming. "Dissecting the Genetic Etiology of Lupus at ETS1 Locus." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505209355822185.

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43

Page, Ernest Henry. "Simulation modeling methodology : principles and etiology of decision support /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-144802/.

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44

Topp, Brian G. "The etiology and natural history of type 2 diabetes /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2423.

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45

Åström, Mats. "On the nature and etiology of chronic achilles tendinopathy." Lund : Dept. of Orthopaedics, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39705581.html.

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46

Wang, Yi. "RLTPR deficiency : a new genetic etiology of combined immunodeficiency." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB111/document.

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Les déficits immunitaires combinés (CID) font référence aux erreurs innées des lymphocytes T humains, affectant également les lymphocytes B, dues à un déficit de lymphocytes T ou à un déficit additionnel intrinsèque aux lymphocytes B. L’identification de nouvelles étiologies génétiques de CID est importante pour une meilleure compréhension de la réponse immunitaire contre les agents infectieux, et pour une meilleure prise en charge de ces patients. Nous décrivons ici 6 patients issus de 3 familles indépendantes (Marocaine, Tunisienne et Turque) avec des mutations bi-alléliques dans le gène RLTPR, dont l’orthologue murin est connu pour être essentiel dans la voie de signalisation de CD28. Les patients ont développé différentes infections, dont une tuberculose invasive et une candidose mucocutanée, et ont également présenté des manifestations allergiques cutanées et pulmonaires. L’identification d’un déficit autosome récessif du gène RLTPR indique une nouvelle étiologie génétique pour les patients CID. Ce travail a porté sur le rôle du RLTPR dans l'immunité liée aux lymphocytes T et B. Chez les patients déficients en RLTPR, les proportions des lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg), des lymphocytes T CD4+ mémoire et des lymphocytes T CD8+ mémoire centrale sont diminuées. In vitro, la prolifération des cellules T des patients est diminuée en réponse à divers stimuli, incluant mitogènes et antigènes. Les lymphocytes T CD4+ déficients en RLTPR ne répondent pas à la stimulation via CD28 en termes de production d’IFN-γ, de TNF et d’IL-2, ainsi qu’un défaut de la phosphorylation de P65. Ex vivo et en culture in vitro, les lymphocytes T CD4+ présentent un biais de type Th2, contrastant avec la diminution des cellules de type Th1, Th17 et Tfh. Les patients ont également présenté une réduction des lymphocytes B de mémoire et une faible réponse Anticorps. Ce phénotype des lymphocytes B est la conséquence non seulement du défaut des lymphocytes T, mais aussi d’un défaut des lymphocytes B caractérisé par l’absence d’activation de la voie NF-κB suite à une stimulation du BCR. Notre étude suggère fortement que le déficit immunitaire en RLTPR chez l’homme est un CID, affectant notamment la voie de réponse à CD28 dans les lymphocytes T et la voie de réponse au BCR dans les lymphocytes B
Combined immunodeficiency (CID) refers to inborn errors of human T cells that also affect B cells, due to the T cell deficit or an additional B cell-intrinsic deficit. The identification of new genetic etiologies of CID is important to better understand the immune responses to infectious agents in humans, and to better manage patients with infectious diseases. We herein report 6 patients from 3 unrelated families (Moroccan, Tunisian and Turkish) with bi-allelic mutations in RLTPR, the mouse orthologue of which is essential for CD28 signaling. The patients developed a variety of infections, including invasive tuberculosis and mucocutaneous candidiasis but also presented cutaneous and pulmonary allergic manifestations. The identification of autosomal recessive RLTPR deficiency elucidates a new genetic etiology for CID patients. This work focused on the role of human RLTPR in T cell and B cell immunity. In RLTPR-deficient patients, proportions of circulating regulatory T cells, memory CD4+ T cells and central memory CD8+ T cells are reduced. In vitro, proliferation of patients’ T cells is diminished in response to various stimuli, including mitogens and antigens. The RLTPR-deficient CD4+ T cells did not respond to CD28 stimulation in terms of the production of IFN-γ, TNF and IL-2, as well as the phosphorylation of P65. The CD4+ T cells exhibit a Th2 bias ex vivo and when cultured in vitro, contrasting with the paucity of Th1, Th17, and Tfh cells. The patients also displayed a deficiency of memory B cells and poor Ab responses. This B cell phenotype does not result solely from the T cell deficiency, as the patients’ B cells fail to activate NF-κB upon BCR stimulation. Our study strongly suggests that human RLTPR deficiency is a CID affecting at least the CD28 responsive pathway in T cells and the BCR responsive pathway in B cells

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47

Ferreira, Berivaldo Dias. "Avaliação do tratamento da coledocolitíase residual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5154/tde-05092014-121029/.

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A coledocolitíase residual representa grande desafio na avaliação diagnóstica e proposta terapêutica. Neste contexto, realizamos estudo retrospectivo com o objetivo de avaliar critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e métodos de imagem para o seu diagnóstico; avaliar o resultado do tratamento através de procedimentos endoscópicos e cirúrgicos, bem como a ocorrência de complicações e sua repercussão no período de internação. Foram estudados 32 (trinta e dois) pacientes portadores de coledocolitíase residual internados na Clínica Cirúrgica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, no período de janeiro de 1995 a julho de 2001. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos previamente a colecistectomia, nos quais o diagnóstico de coledocolitíase foi feito posteriormente (pela não realização de colangiografia trans-operatória) ou no próprio curso da colecistectomia, porém postergando-se o tratamento. Pudemos concluir: a maioria dos pacientes portadores de coledocolitíase residual tem como sintoma principal a icterícia; a ultra-sonografia não é um método diagnóstico eficaz, uma vez que demonstrou alteração de via biliar em cerca de 50% dos pacientes; tanto o procedimento endoscópico como o cirúrgico mostraram alto índice de clareamento da via biliar (acima de 90%), sendo a morbidade baixa e mortalidade nula em ambos os procedimentos; o período de internação foi menor quando o procedimento endoscópico foi realizado
Choledocholithiasis represents a great challenge in diagnostic evaluation and therapeutics. Because of it we\'ve proposed a retrospective study to analise the clinical and laboratorial criteria and image studies to the diagnosis of such condition. It was possible to evaluate the treatment (endoscopic or surgical) and complications with these information. Thus, with this aim, 32 (thirty-two) patients were evaluated. They were suffering from residual choledocholithiasis and were admitted on the Surgical Unit of the General Hospital of the Medical School of University of Goiás, from january 1995 to july 2001. It was included patients that were performed on a previous cholecistectomy. The diagnose of choledocholithiasis was get either during the surgery, although the definitive treatment had been postponed, or on the follow-up. We concluded that most part of the patients with residual choledocholithiasis were icteric and that the ultrasound study is not an effective method to detect residual choledocholithiasis (positive around 50%). Besides, both therapeutic procedures (endoscopic and surgical) were successful in the cleaning of biliary ducts (above 90%), had low morbidity and no mortality. The discharge of the patient was faster in case of endoscopic procedure

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48

Garbieri, Thais Francini. "Fissura de palato isolada não sindrômica: estudo do fenótipo, recorrência familial e histórico gestacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/61/61132/tde-19102016-160655/.

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A fissura labiopalatina (FL/P) é uma das malformações craniofaciais mais comuns em humanos, com variação epidemiológica nas diferentes populações. Possui diferentes apresentações clínicas, divergindo de acordo com a extensão e estruturas acometidas, podendo acometer somente o lábio ou lábio e palato em conjunto, uni ou bilateralmente, de maneira completa ou incompleta ou apenas o palato (FP) tanto completa como incompletamente. Podem fazer parte de um quadro sindrômico, recebendo a denominação de FL/P sindrômica ou acontecer como um fenótipo isolado, sendo chamada de FL/P isolada ou não sindrômica. Em relação a etiologia da FL/P não sindrômica, a literatura afirma ser multifatorial com a predisposição genética associada a fatores ambientais. Apesar de se apresentarem frequentemente associadas, a FL/P e FP não sindrômicas são consideradas etiologicamente e embriologicamente distintas. Objetivo: Aprofundar e ampliar o conhecimento das FP isoladas não sindrômicas, descrevendo o fenótipo principal (FP isolada) e seus subfenótipos clínicos, investigando o fator genético relacionado à recorrência por meio do histórico familial e buscando elucidar possível fatores ambientais envolvidos por meio do histórico gestacional. Material e métodos: Foram coletados dados de 165 prontuários médicos de pacientes com FP isolada não sindrômica matriculados no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP). Para a coleta desses dados foram analisados segmentos do prontuário referentes a atendimentos realizados no HRACUSP em diferentes setores. Resultados: Em 165 pacientes estudados, o sexo feminino foi o mais acometido com 106 casos (64,24%) encontrados. O tipo de FP predominante foi a incompleta correspondendo a 88,48% da amostra total, sendo dentre elas a fissura de palato duro parcial a mais prevalente. Em cinco casos não foi possível realizar a classificação nos grupos referentes ao tipo de fissura adotados, sendo necessária a criação de um grupo de classificação adicional. Recorrência familial positiva foi relatada em 28,47% de 144 casos em que havia informação, e na maioria das vezes havia apenas 1 outro familiar acometido. A média da idade das mães e dos pais no momento da concepção foi de 26,9 e 31,4 anos, respectivamente. A porcentagem de abortos anteriores foi de 11,95% dos 92 casos informados e a consanguinidade foi de 3,29% dos 91 casos informados. A intercorrência mais frequentemente relatada (25 em 154 casos informados) foi o uso de medicamentos, tais como, antibióticos, anti-hipertensivos e medicamentos que auxiliam na prevenção do parto prematuro. Conclusão: O fenótipo FP isolada possui variações quanto à extensão de cometimento, sendo que as fissuras incompletas foram as mais frequentes e o sexo feminino predominantemente acometido. Em relação ao histórico familial e gestacional os dados que mais chamaram atenção estão relacionados ao percentual de recorrência familial (28,47%) e o uso de medicação durante a gestação.
Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) is one of the most common craniofacial malformations in humans, with epidemiological variation in different populations. It has different clinical presentations that diverge according to the extension and affected structures, and may either affect the lip or lip and palate together, unilaterally or bilaterally, in a complete or incomplete way or just affect the palate (CP) completely or incompletely. CL/P can either be related to a syndrome, classified as syndromic CL/P or unrelated to a syndrome, occurring as an isolated phenotype, designated as isolated or nonsyndromic CL/P. Regarding the etiology of nonsyndromic CL/P, research indicates multifactorial causes with a genetic predisposition associated with environmental factors. Although it is often present in association, nonsyndromic CL/P and CP are considered embryologically and etiologically distinct. Objective: To deepen and broaden the knowledge of individual nonsyndromic CP, describing the main phenotype (isolated CP) and its clinical subphenotypes, investigating the genetic factors related to recurrence through family history and to elucidate possible environmental factors involving gestational history. Material and Methods: Data were collected from 165 medical patients records with isolated nonsyndromic CP enrolled at the Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP). For data collection, segments of the records pertaining to care provided by HRAC-USP in different sectors were analyzed. Results: In the 165 patients studied, females were the most affected with 106 cases (64.24%) found. The predominant type of CP was incomplete corresponding to 88.48% of the total sample, and among these incomplete CP, the clefts involving partial hard palate were the most prevalent. In five cases it was impossible to classify the type of cleft, and the creation of an additional classification group was required. Positive familial recurrence was reported in 28.47% of 144 cases where information was available and in most cases there was only one other affected family member. The average age of mothers and fathers at conception was 26.9 and 31.4 years respectively. The percentage of previous miscarriages was 11.95% of the 92 reported cases and consanguineous marriage was found in 3.29% of the 91 reported cases. The most frequently reported complication (25 in 154 reported cases) was the use of drugs such as antibiotics, antihypertensives drugs, and drugs used to prevent premature birth. Conclusion: The phenotype Isolated CP presents variations in the extent of involvement, and incomplete clefts were the most frequent, with females predominantly affected. Regarding family history and gestational data what calls more attention were the percentage of familial recurrence (28.47%) and the use of medication during pregnancy.

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Zampronio, Cláudia Daniele Pelanda. "A deficiência auditiva nas cidades abrangidas pela DRS-6: caracterização da população atendida na Divisão de Saúde Auditiva do HRAC-USP Bauru." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-28102009-151108/.

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ZAMPRONIO, C. D. P. A deficiência auditiva nas cidades abrangidas pela DRS-6: caracterização da população atendida na Divisão de Saúde Auditiva do HRAC- USP Bauru. 2009. 86 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde na Comunidade). Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP. A deficiência auditiva presente ao nascimento ou estabelecida na mais tenra idade interfere significativamente no processo de desenvolvimento da criança. Quando ocorre em uma pessoa adulta pode levar a um quadro de isolamento, podendo torná-la dissociada da sua comunidade, limitando sua capacidade de atuar com independência e autonomia perante a sociedade. Assim, qualquer distúrbio no processo de audição normal, seja qual for sua causa, tipo ou severidade, constitui uma alteração auditiva que pode e deve ser evitada, em benefício da saúde do indivíduo e da sociedade como um todo. Objetivo: Caracterização da deficiência auditiva nos pacientes atendidos na Divisão de Saúde Auditiva (DSA), do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais (HRAC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), residentes nas 68 cidades do estado de São Paulo abrangidas pelo Departamento Regional de Saúde (DRS)-6, segundo algumas variáveis como: faixa etária, gênero, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade, etiologia, grau e tipo da deficiência auditiva. Métodos: Levantamento dos pacientes que iniciaram tratamento na DSA do HRAC/USP, no período 1998 a 2007, residentes nas cidades abrangidas pelo DRS-6 e que tiveram diagnóstico audiológico concluído em deficiência auditiva em pelo menos uma orelha. Para melhor visualização das características da amostra estudada, os 692 sujeitos foram separados em dois grupos, sendo um grupo da cidade de Bauru e outro das demais cidades da DRS-6. Resultados: Não houve predomínio entre os gêneros; a população idosa representou um número significativo de sujeitos quando comparada às demais faixas etárias; a maioria dos sujeitos pertence à classe socioeconômica baixa. Constatou-se que as principais etiologias encontradas em ambos os grupos foram: otite, otosclerose e presbiacusia. Conclusão: Conhecendo as características de uma população, outras pesquisas poderão ser feitas e mudanças realizadas para melhoria na qualidade do atendimento ao deficiente auditivo, principalmente quanto à precisão do diagnóstico diferencial.
ZAMPRONIO, C. D. P. Hearing deficiency in DRS - 6 cities: characterization of people attended at Hearing Health Division of HRAC-USP Bauru. 2009. 86 f. Dissertation (Master Degree). Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP. Hearing loss, present at birth time or established at an early age, presents a significant influence upon child development process. When it occurs in an adult individual it may lead to some isolation, separating him or her from its community, limiting his ability to act independently and autonomously toward society. Thus, any disturbance in normal hearing process, whatever the cause, severity or type might be, means a hearing change that may and can be avoided for the benefit of the health of the individual and the whole society. Objective: Characterization of hearing loss in patients attended at Hearing Health Division (HHD) of the Hospital for Craniofacial Anomalies Rehabilitation (HRAC), living in the 68 cities of the State of Sao Paulo comprising the Regional Health Department (DRS-6), according to some variables like age range, gender, socioeconomic level, school range, etiology, grade and kind of hearing loss. Methods: Survey of patients that started a treatment at the HHD of HRAC/USP, during the period from 1998 to 2007, living in the cities comprising the DRS-6 and that received an audiologic diagnosis of hearing loss at least in one of the ears. For a better visualization of the studied sample, the 692 subjects were divided in two groups, one living in Bauru and one living in the other cities of DRS-6. Results: There has not been any predominance between genders; elderly population represented a significant number of subjects compared to the other age ranges and most subjects belonged to low socioeconomic class. It was observed that the main etiologies found for both groups were: otitis, otosclerosis, and presbyacusis. Conclusion: Knowing the characteristics of a population, other surveys may be performed and changes made to make better the attendance quality for hearing loss people and, especially, the accuracy of differential diagnosis.

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Silva, Mariana Salas Monteiro. "Etiologia de gastroenterites primitivas agudas em cães : estudo retrospetivo de 158 casos clínicos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17884.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
As alterações gastrointestinais no cão são frequentes, representando um dos motivos mais comuns de admissão a consulta em clínica de animais de companhia. A gastroenterite aguda caracteriza-se pela inflamação da mucosa do trato gastrointestinal levando ao aparecimento, súbito, de vómito e diarreia. Estes dois sinais clínicos, dada a sua inespecificidade, podem estar associados a diversas alterações, primitivas ou secundárias do trato gastrointestinal. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo abordar a etiologia de gastroenterites primitivas agudas, recorrendo à análise de 158 casos clínicos de cães que foram admitidos no Hospital VetOeiras com os sinais clínicos de vómito e diarreia, com duração inferior a 14 dias, no período entre 1 de janeiro de 2017 e 30 de junho de 2018. Agruparam-se os casos clínicos por agentes etiológicos, procedeu-se à análise da informação de diagnóstico, do tratamento realizado em cada caso, assim como do respetivo desfecho. Embora na maioria dos casos a etiologia permaneça desconhecida e o recurso a tratamento sintomático se revele suficiente, a elevada percentagem de gastroenterites causadas por agentes etiológicos identificáveis, evidenciou a pertinência da realização de exames complementares de diagnóstico, importantes na determinação de causas que carecem de intervenção terapêutica específica, por vezes indispensável para que o desfecho seja a sobrevivência do animal. Dada a atual preocupação com a administração generalizada de antibióticos o presente trabalho evidência a pertinência de avaliar a verdadeira necessidade do recurso à antibioterapia, sem, no entanto, comprometer o bem-estar do animal.
ABSTRACT - Gastrointestinal disorders in dogs are frequent, representing one of the most common reasons for presentation to a small animal veterinary practice. Acute gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract leading to a sudden onset of vomit and diarrhea. These two clinical signs are unspecific and may be associated with many primary or secondary disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The present dissertation aimed to study the etiology of acute primitive gastroenteritis. We used the analysis of 158 clinical cases of dogs that were admitted to Hospital VetOeiras with vomit and diarrhea from January 1st 2017 to June 30th 2018. The clinical cases were grouped by etiological agentes, the diagnostic information, the treatment performed in each case and the respective outcome were also analyzed. In the majority of cases the etiology remained unknown and the implemetation of symptomatic treatment was sufficient. Nevertheless, the considerable percentage of gastroenteritis caused by identifiable etiological agents has shown the relevance of undertaking complementary diagnostic exams, important in the definition of causes, which require specific therapeutic intervention, indispensable for the survival of the animal. Given the current concern with the widespread use of antibiotics it is relevant to determinate their true need. If the welfare of the animal is not compromised the administration of antibiotics should be delayed.
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