Academic literature on the topic 'Etienne gerard'

BackgroundFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common autoinflammatory disease worldwide. It affects mainly population from Mediterranean origin and is associated withMEFVexon 10 mutations. FMF is characterized by short and recurrent attacks of fever, abdominal or thoracic pain that lasts less than three days [1]. Several studies reported that FMF diagnosis may be missed or delayed even in countries with a high prevalence of the disease such Turkey and Israel but real causes explaining diagnostic delay in FMF are not totally elucidated.ObjectivesOur aim was to study a large cohort of European FMF patients to identify the frequency and associated factors of diagnosis delay.MethodsClinical data were extracted from the Juvenile Inflammatory Rheumatism (JIR)- cohort. All FMF patients fulfilled Livneh Criteria and had a sequencing ofMEFVexon 10 available [2]. We defined FMF-diagnostic delay (d-FMF) as a duration between the onset of the symptoms and FMF diagnosis of more than 10 years.ResultsWe enrolled 960 FMF patients; delayed diagnosis (d-FMF) was noted in 20% of patients (n=200) whereas 80% of other patients (FMF) (n=760) had the diagnosis made within the 10 years from the onset of symptoms. d-FMF patients were significantly older than other FMF with a median age of 46.4 years old versus 15.5 (p < 0.0001). Concerning women, the percentage of d-FMF was higher than other FMF patients (56% versus 47%, p=0.03).Regarding the clinical presentation during FMF attacks, the difference was not statistically significant on abdominal pain, musculoskeletal symptoms and chest pain. Only, erysipelas-like erythema was more frequently observed among d-FMF patients (33% versus 22%, p=0.0003). The percentage of patients with one or two pathogenicMEFVmutation was not different between d-FMF and other FMF patients. AA amyloidosis was significantly more frequent in d-FMF than FMF (10 % versus 2.6 %, p< 0.0001). As well, d-FMF patients received significantly more biotherapy compared to other FMF (18% versus 3.8%, p<0.0001).ConclusionTwenty percent of FMF patients were misdiagnosed before being officially diagnosed as FMF with significantly more women; this could be linked to the differential diagnosis of abdominal attacks with period pains, as frequently reported be women patients. Another clinical feature is erysipelas-like erythema which seems not be known as a pathognomonic symptom of FMF by all practitioners; this finding was previously reported in Israel and Turkey were the disease is however highly prevalent [4,5].In conclusion, FMF delay is still significantly high nowadays. To our knowledge, our study is the first cohort study to investigate diagnostic wandering and the factors associated with long diagnostic wandering in a large European cohort. Education and better communication on this disease to patients and practitioners could be fruitful to improve FMF earlier diagnosis.References[1]Savey L, Grateau G, Georgin-Lavialle S. Fièvre méditerranéenne familiale en 2020.Néphrologie & Thérapeutique2021;17:S119–25. doi:10.1016/j.nephro.2020.02.013[2]Livneh A, Langevitz P, Zemer D,et al.Criteria for the diagnosis of familial mediterranean fever.Arthritis & Rheumatism1997;40:1879–85. doi:10.1002/art.1780401023[3]Lidar M, Tokov I, Chetrit A,et al.Diagnosis delay in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF): social and gender gaps disclosed.Clin Exp Rheumatol2005;23:357–63.AcknowledgementsInvestigators:Joke Dehoorne, Pascal Pillet et Olivier Richer, Etienne Merlin, Gilles Kaplanski, Carine Wouters, Samuel Ardois, Claire Ballot, Isabel Bolt, Achille Aouba, Andreas Woerner, Florence Uettwiller, Charlotte Rebelle, Daniela Kaiser, Gerad Berthet, Catherine Barbier, Helmut Wittkowski, Federica Vanoni, Jurgen Brunner, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Léa Savey, Gilles Grateau.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

In South Africa the practice of toppling statues is as old as the practice of erecting them. The most recent episode in this history began in 2015 with the Rhodes Must Fall campaign at the University of Cape Town, from where it rapidly spread to sites throughout South Africa. Confronted with the fact that 97% of South Africa’s 3500 declared heritage sites related to white values and experiences at the end of the apartheid era and that there has been little progress towards crafting a more representative heritage landscape, one cannot dispute the Rhodes Must Fall assertion that South African statues anachronistically honour the leading figures of South Africa’s colonial and apartheid past. Observing that public debate around the statues was rapidly polarised into two camps, those who would defend the statues and those who would destroy them, this paper argues that neither option sufficiently addresses the multiple meanings of statues. By examining the changing public-history discourses of the 20th century we propose a third approach grounded in post humanist arguments about the limitation of critique and the promise of care as an ethical, affective and practical pursuit. We argue that this post humanist approach to the question of what to do with statues in South Africa is capable of transforming them from fetishised objects of offence or of heritage into points around which new publics can gather and through which the historical ontology of contemporary power dynamics can be accessed, interrogated and acted upon in order to build new forms of citizenship. In Suid-Afrika is die praktyk van standbeelde omgooi net so oud soos die praktyk om hulle op te rig. Die mees onlangse episode in hierdie geskiedenis het in 2015 in Kaapstad begin met die Rhodes Must Fall veldtog by die Universiteit van Kaapstad en daarvandaan het dit vining versprei na plekke dwarsoor Suid-Afrika. Gesien in die lig van feit dat teen die einde van die apartheidera 97% van Suid-Afrika se 3500 erfenisplekke verwant was aan blanke waardes en ervaringe en dat daar min vordering was met die daarstelling van ‘n meer verteenwoordigende erfenislandskap, kan mens nie wegkom van Rhodes Must Fall stelling dat Suid-Afrikaanse beelde ‘n anachronistiese verering is van die leidende figure van Suid-Afrika se koloniale en apartheidsverlede. Gegewe dat die openbare debat vining gepolariseer geraak het in twee kampe, naamlik diegene wat die beelde woul beskerm en diegene wat hulle wou vernietig, is die argument wat aangevoer word in hierdie artikel dat nie een van die opsies voldoende handel met die veelvuldige betekenisse van beelde nie. Deur ‘n ondersoek te doen na die veranderende diskoerse oor openbare geskiedenis in die 20ste eeu stel ons ‘n derde benadering voor, wat ingebed is in post-humanistiese argumente oor die beperkinge van kritiek en die moontlikhede van sorg as ‘n etiese, affektiewe en praktiese benadering. Ons argumenteer naamlik dat die post-humanistiese benadering tot wat mens moet doen met beelde in Suid-Afrika is om hulle te omvorm van fetisjistiese voorwerpe wat aanstoot gee of van erfenisvoorwerpe tot plekke waar nuwe publieke kan vergader en waardeur die historiese ontologie van kontemporêre magsdinamiek benader, ondersoek en oor gehandel kan word om nuwe vorme van burgerskap te bou.

Argumenta-se que estamos vivendo na “Era da Informação”. Neste contexto, a crescente necessidade de comunicar-se, gerar conhecimentos e transmitir idéias tem criado desafios a serem solucionados mediante o uso das Tecnologias da Informação (TI). Pesquisadores da área vêm constatando as dificuldades de identificação que existem entre os usuários e os Sistemas de Informação tradicionalmente projetados. Investigam-se neste trabalho as dimensões que devem ser levadas em conta no design conceitual de um Sistema de Informação que estimule a participação e aumente os níveis de aprendizado dos envolvidos baseado nas teorias sociais do aprendizado propostas por Etienne Wenger. Para exemplificar a aplicação das abordagens genéricas a uma área específica do conhecimento, optou-se pela investigação das premissas para o design de um Sistema de Informação Ambiental (SIA) já que considera-se que a problemática ambiental, devido à sua complexidade, promove a transformação dos atuais saberes teóricos e práticos. Aprofundaram-se assim as investigações sobre a relação entre a informação e os seres humanos, na busca e aplicação prática de um “saber ambiental”. Premises of a conceptual design of a System of Environmental Information from Wenger`s theoretical approach Abstract Some argue that we are currently living in the so called “Information Age”. In that context, the need to communicate, generate knowledge and transmit ideas has created new challenges that need to be solved through the use of Information Technology (IT). However, researchers in the field have identified difficulties between users and traditionally conceived systems. The present study has the objective of investigating the dimensions that need to be considered in the conceptual design of an IT system. It is believed that such system should stimulate active participation and enhance the learning capacity of those involved. With that aim, studies were fundamented on theories of social learning principles proposed by Etienne Wenger. In order to base the research on a specific subject, the required premisses for the design of an Environmental Information System (EIS) were investigated, since environmental problems are complex and promote transformations in theoretical and practical knowledge. Therefore, emphasis was given to the relationship between information and human beings in their search for practical application of a so called “environmental knowledge”.

Occupational health nurses (OHNs) are qualified registered nurses with a postgraduate qualification in occupational health nursing. An important activity of OHNs is to identify and assess health risks in the workplace. Health risk assessments (HRAs) are conducted by OHNs to determine all the occupational health stressors, for example noise, vibration and chemical substances. The authors conducted legal compliance occupational health audits and observed that 85% (n = 23) of OHNs in different settings conduct HRAs only to a limited extent. The following objective was formulated for the study: To explore and describe the extent to which OHNs conduct HRAs as it is a legal requirement for compliance; and the possible reasons for not adhering to the regulation and conduct them only to a limited extent. A quantitative, descriptive design was used in this study. A sampling frame was developed from a list of all the members of the South African Society of Occupational Health Nursing Practitioners (SASOHN) in Gauteng. From the target population of OHNs in Gauteng, a systematic cluster sampling method was used. A self-developed questionnaire was distributed by mail and e-mail, and authors sent respondents reminders. The authors ensured that validity, reliability and ethical standards were adhered to. The findings revealed that OHNs are mature, experienced, predominately female practitioners who operate on behalf of a disproportionately large number of workers. Four factors influencing these nurses in conducting an HRA to a limited extent were identified: competence, ignorance about the role of the OHN, workload and attitude.Beroepsgesondheidverpleegkundiges (BGV’s) is gekwalifiseerde geregistreerde verpleegkundiges met ’n nagraadse kwalifikasie in beroepsgesondheidsverpleging wat basiese gesondheidsorg in die beroepsgesondheidsprogram lewer. ’n Belangrike aktiwiteit van die BGV is om alle gesondheidsrisiko’s in die werksplek te identifiseer en te assesseer. Die BGV doen ook ʼn gesondheidsrisiko-analise (GRA) om stressors soos geraas en vibrasie te identifiseer. Die navorsers het met besoeke aan verskillende fabrieke bevind dat 85% (n = 23) van BGV’s GRA’s net in ’n sekere mate doen, alhoewel ’n GRA wetlik vereis word. Die volgende doelwit is vir die studie geformuleer: Om te ondersoek en te beskryf in watter mate BGV’s GRA’s uitvoer, en om die moontlike redes vir die nie-nakoming van die regulasie te ondersoek. ’n Kwantitatiewe, beskrywende navorsingsmetode is gebruik. ’n Sistematiese groepsteekmetode is gebruik om ʼn steekproefraamwerk uit ’n lys van die SASOHN-lede in Gauteng saam te stel. ’n Selfontwikkelde vraelys is aan respondente gestuur. Die navorsers het geldigheid, betroubaarheid asook etiese standaarde gehandhaaf. Daar is bevind dat BGV’s ouer, hoofsaaklik vroulike praktisyns met bo-gemiddelde ondervinding is wat vir ʼn groot getal werkers verantwoordelik is. Vier faktore is geïdentifiseer wat BGV’s beïnvloed om GRA’s net in ʼn sekere mate uit te voer, naamlik bevoegdheid, onduidelikheid betreffende die rol van die BGV, werkslading en houding.

Due to economic globalisation and integration, as well as the global economic downturn since 2008, the appearance of cross-border insolvencies have increased dramatically. This increase in cross-border insolvencies has led to a demand for a general and fair system to administer cross-border insolvencies globally. In 1997 United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) promulgated the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency to act as an aide to countries in globally administering cross-border insolvencies in a uniform way. South Africa, and the United States of America (USA), subsequently accepted this Model Law approach into their respective national legislation. South Africa did this through the Cross-Border Insolvency Act 42 of 2000 (CBIA) and the USA by way of Chapter 15 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. The CBIA is, however, not currently in operation as the Minister of Justice has not yet designated countries to which the CBIA will apply. Chapter 15 is, however, effective and operational in the USA. The two theories that underlie cross-border insolvencies – universalism and territorialism – have been further refined in the theories of modern universalism and modern territorialism. Supporters of modern universalism hailed the acceptance of the Model Law into the national legislation of countries as a victory over modern territorialism as the characteristics of modern universalism can be found throughout the Model Law. Modern universalism is, however, seen as theory which endangers the interests of local creditors as it favours universal administration of assets. However, modern territorialism is, on the other hand, acknowledged to protect the interests of local creditors. Therefore an investigation into the application of Chapter 15 by the courts of the USA will indicate if the interests of local creditors are sufficiently protected under this so-called modern universalistic approach and, if indeed so, how this is achieved. As the CBIA is neither operational nor effective in South Africa, cross-border insolvencies are governed by the common law and the precedents set down in case law. Writers and case law indicate that South Africa uses a system that can be described as between pure territorialism and modern territorialism. It can therefore be accepted that South Africa currently protects the interests of its local creditors sufficiently. The question then arises if, when South Africa made the CBIA effective and operational, would local creditors‟ interests still be sufficiently protected? As the CBIA and Chapter 15 are both based on the Model Law, they are basically identical in most aspects. Therefore an investigation into the application of Chapter 15 will also indicate if the CBIA will sufficiently protect the interests of local creditors. This dissertation thus attempts, through an investigation of the applications lodged under Chapter 15, to indicate that the USA still succeeds in protecting the interests of its local creditors. The USA achieves this through utilising mechanisms made available through Chapter 15 itself. Consequently this dissertation shows that South Africa can make the CBIA operational, while still sufficiently protecting the interests of its local creditors.
Thesis (LLM (Import and Export Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

O que nasceu como uma tentativa de aproximar pesquisadores de diversas áreas, de mobilizar os membros do Conselho Editorial da SertãoCult na elaboração de um material que exprimisse a capacidade da editora em produzir obras com qualidade técnica e com relevância acadêmica, tornou-se um sucesso logo em sua primeira edição. Após o lançamento do volume Diálogos sobre a Ditadura, que reuniu alguns dos maiores pesquisadores sobre a temática no Brasil, e do volume dois, Trajetórias de pesquisadores e os estudos das cidades médias em perspectiva, a série Território Científico chega ao seu terceiro volume, que reúne alguns dos maiores pesquisadores da Antropologia Visual. É com orgulho que apresentamos Trajetórias pessoais na antropologia (audio)visual no Brasil – Volume 1. É gratificante concluirmos mais esta contribuição para a comunidade científica, apresentando as trajetórias de algumas das maiores referências da Antropologia Visual brasileira, que no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 ficaram tão fisicamente distantes, mas nunca tão próximos, unidos através da tecnologia, que permitiu a troca de experiências com colegas de diferentes regiões do país. E mais: é só o primeiro volume de uma série de três, nos quais são reunidas três dezenas de entrevistas. Estas obras já surgem como referência para aqueles que buscam conhecer a Antropologia Visual. Passados alguns meses da realização das entrevistas, finalmente a pandemia dá mostras de arrefecimento. O isolamento que tanto nos custou, começa a dar lugar a reencontros presenciais e estas entrevistas, mais do que um relato de experiências de pesquisa, passam a compor um registro histórico de como a crise sanitária afetou toda a nossa sociedade. Se a produção científica segue sendo alvo de constantes ataques e aqueles que se dedicam a ela ainda são encarados quase como inimigos do Estado, é mais do que pertinente, mas necessário que todos aqueles que acreditam na educação, na ciência, no conhecimento se unam e abracem projetos que busquem aproximar essa produção e o público em geral. Mais um livro se junta à nossa série, nos deixando ainda mais orgulhosos e empenhados em nossa defesa incondicional da ciência. Que venham os próximos volumes!