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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethnography and history'
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Bredin, Renae Moore. "Guerilla ethnography." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187034.
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Using contemporary paradigms from Native American, African American, feminist, and post-colonial critical theories, as well the debates around what constitutes anthropology, this dissertation examines the ways in which Native American written literary production and European American ethnography converge in the social production and construction of the "raced" categories of "red" and "white." The questions of how discourses of power and subjectivity operate are asked of texts by Paula Gunn Allen, Leslie Marmon Silko, and Elsie Clews Parsons, all of whom have lived and worked in and around Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico. The matrix in their texts of location (Laguna Pueblo), discourses (fiction and ethnography), "races" (Laguna and White), and gender (female), facilitates an examination of the scripting of "Indian-ness" and "White-ness" and how these categories sustain each other, and how each "contains" and "represents" the other, based in relative domination and subordination. What is posited here is a practice of guerilla ethnography, a practice which reflects "white" back upon itself, creating a picture of what it means to be culturally "white" by one who is "other than white." Texts are examined in terms of a racial and ethnic "whiteness" as a socially constructed category, upsetting the underlying assumption of whiteness as the given or natural center, rather than as another socially constructed category.
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Butt, Richard. "History, ethnography, and the nation : the 'Films of Scotland' documentaries." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57613/.
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The Films of Scotland Committee (1938 and 1954-82) produced one hundred and sixty eight documentaries on Scotland and Scottish life; the thesis is an archaeology of those documentaries. The thesis breaks from a film theory discourse that has marginalised documentary to argue that the genre should be understood as a cultural technology, an exhibitionary apparatus that draws on a variety of discursive formations in its production of knowledge. Similarly, the thesis argues that the representation of Scotland should not be understood as an aesthetic failure to represent the reality of life in Scotland, but as a distinct discursive practice that emerged at a specific historical period, a practice regulated by the rules of formation of the discourses within which it operates. The thesis outlines the history of Scottish film culture before 1938, and examines the formation of the Committee by the Scottish Office, arguing that this needs to be understood in relation to the history of public cultural policy in Britain since the mid nineteenth century. It examines the Committee's commitment to 'the national interest, and its relation to the mechanics and legitimation of state authority. A discursive analysis of The Face of Scotland (193 8) begins to identify the discursive regimes on which Films of Scotland documentaries draw in their production of knowledge. The thesis argues that this film occupies a space of representation opened up by the discursive formations of ethnography and history, and a discourse of nationhood, and traces the formation of this space by looking at the earlier surfaces of emergence of these discourses. It also begins to suggest the ways in which these discourses engage with the construction of cultural and national identities. Arguing that the figure of the tour is central to the Films of Scotland documentaries, th e thesis traces the emergence of the tour as a cultural technology in Scotland from the eighteenth century travel writing of Martin Martin and Boswell and Johnson, to the apparatuses of tourism established by Thomas Cook. The last part of the thesis focuses on the travelogue as a sub-genre of documentary, mapping out both the technologies of vision on which it draws, and its generic 'regime of verisimilitude', structured, it is argued, by an oscillation between the discourses of history and ethnography. Finally the thesis argues that what remains hegemonic in Scottish culture are not particular images and narratives, but the very concept of national culture itself, and the nature, rather than the content, of national identity.
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Velichkina, Olga V. "Playing panpipes in Southern Russia : history, ethnography, and performance practices /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949508371538.
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Locke, Piers. "History, practice, identity : an institutional ethnography of elephant handlers in Chitwan, Nepal." Thesis, University of Kent, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445711.
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Naidu, Sam. "Three tales of Theal: biography, history and ethnography on the Eastern Frontier." Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/36216.
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Wolfe, Mary Melissa. "The Influence of Ethnography on the Indian Portraits of Elbridge Ayer Burbank." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392019638.
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Nassimi, Azim M. "An ethnography of political leaders in Afghanistan." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063417.
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This study consisted of qualitative interviews with six Afghan political leaders who served as cabinet members in the Afghan government prior to the Soviet invasion. The study sought to report the political conditions in Afghanistan based on the direct experiences and the reflections of these leaders whose titles and names remain anonymous.The data were collected and analyzed using a modified version of Spradley's Developmental Research Sequence Writing methodology. The data included field notes gathered from numerous interviews, casual conversations, tape recording, library research and documents provided by the informants.The rivalries that prevented political unity during the war of resistance have exacerbated the quest for power now that the common enemy, the Soviet Union and Afghan-Marxist regimes, has disappeared from the scene. No credible social or political within the country to initiate and promote political reconciliation. Each group appears to be attempting a unilateral solution to the national crisis. The great majority of Afghans are not only left out of the political process, but are also held hostage to the confrontation between competing groups whose political and military strategies is the elimination, or at best exclusion, of other competing groups. Dangerously, none of the powerful group's adversaries has given up the idea of war as the institution or nationally acceptable leadership is available instrument of political settlement. Among political leaders there is still much in Afghan political culture that is basically hostile to open and competitive politics.<br>Department of Educational Leadership
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Burke, J. "Concordia Sixth Form College : A sociological case study based on history and ethnography." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372711.
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Lousberg, Marjan, and n/a. "Dr Edward Shortland and the politics of ethnography." University of Otago. Department of History, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071204.160209.
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In 1840 Captain William Hobson established the colony of New Zealand under an umbrella of humanitarianism and with an agenda for the protection of Maori rights. This thesis examines this project through the work of Dr Edward Shortland (1812-1893). Although Shortland�s reports and publications have been frequently cited, there has been no detailed historical analysis of his work.
Shortland arrived in New Zealand in 1841 as the private secretary of Governor Hobson. In 1842 he was appointed Protector of Aborigines for the Eastern Districts. One of his tasks was to study Maori language and customs in order to mediate between Maori and government. He was one of the earliest European experts on Maori traditions, customary practices, religious attitudes and relationships with land. After his return to England in 1846, he lobbied the British government on behalf of Maori and published two books on New Zealand, in which he addressed prospective colonists and disputed some of the propaganda of colonising companies. Shortland came back to New Zealand in the 1860s, 1870s and 1880s, during which periods he worked as Civil Commissioner in the Hauraki area, as Native Secretary, and as adviser to the government on Native affairs.
Shortland was part of a network of concerned Christian humanitarians who were intent on bringing government and law and order to New Zealand in a manner that facilitated peaceful European settlement, without serious injury to the Maori population. Humanitarians were not opposed to colonisation or settlement and in this respect may be seen as part of the imperial enterprise. In the framework of political and philosophical thought in the nineteenth century, humanitarians expected no more than to mitigate the effects of colonisation. This study explores these issues in the context of Shortland�s interaction with and ethnography about Maori over a period of forty years.
I begin by placing the concept of aboriginal protection in context. The core of this thesis is an examination of Shortland�s work as Protector of Aborigines. He had three tasks: to mediate in disputes between Europeans and Maori; to accustom Maori to English law; and to protect Maori land rights against claims from settlers. The first of these tasks proved the most straightforward. Shortland�s attempts to fulfil the second task highlighted the complex relationship between religion and law and the role of Christianity. The land question proved the most complicated, as a result of the tension between government attempts to protect Maori land rights, the pressure from settlers for land, and European lack of understanding of Maori customs. Maori desire to sell land to attract settlers further complicated relationships. Shortland�s contribution to our understanding of these issues and of Maori traditions of land tenure is considerable. While the course of colonisation may have been inevitable, I suggest that Shortland and likeminded contemporaries laid the foundation for later recognition of Maori rights, as exemplified today by the work of the Waitangi Tribunal.
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Carroll, Clinton, and Richard W. Stoffle. "The Life and Love of Rend Percente." Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292778.
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This is the life history of Rend Percente from Little Farmer's Cay, Exuma, Bahamas. When the University of Arizona-College of the Bahamas research team visited Little Farmer's Cay during the Bahamas Biocomplexity Project, Rend asked the team to record his story. This document reflects this effort.
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Johnson-Krojzl, C. "The social institutions of Turkish migrant workers in West Berlin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384752.
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Dunn, Karen. "Working class culture and co-operation : a case study of schooling and social life in a Yorkshire mining community." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307901.
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Huesca, Robert Thomas. "Reconceptualizing Latin American theories of alternative communication and media practice : an ethnography of Bolivian tin miners' radio." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1239886159.
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Bernardot, Hélène. "Representing ethnography and history, interacting with heritage : analysing museological practices at the Huron-Wendat Museum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67005.
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Ce mémoire de maîtrise propose une réflexion sur les choix et mesures pris en termes de représentation et d'interaction dans les musées ethnographiques à partir d’une étude de cas, le Musée Huron-Wendat à Wendake, au Québec. L'objectif est d'analyser et comprendre ces pratiques muséologiques destinées à exprimer une identité autochtone locale. L’étude souhaite également démontrer comment les publics s’identifient et interagissent avec les discours culturels et politiques spécifiques du musée. Une attention particulière est accordée à l'étude du changement de paradigme muséal d'un espace d'autorité à un lieu inclusif. La mission des professionnels du musée concernant le concept de représentation sera analysée, ainsi que leur travail sur les notions d'accessibilité et de participation avec et pour le public. En se basant sur l'étude de terrain et la littérature scientifique, ce mémoire s'engage à questionner les notions prédominantes d'identité, de continuité et d'unité, dans le contexte de la nouvelle muséologie et du postcolonialisme.<br>This master thesis is an analysis of the current specific actions on representation and interaction taken in contemporary ethnographic museums. The aim is to highlight museology pathways used to represent local Indigenous culture and to explore how the public is involved with and relates to these specific discourses on heritage. Special attention will be devoted to the study of the shift of museums from authoritative places of education to socially inclusive spaces. The mission of heritage professionals in terms of representation will be analysed, as well as their work on the notions of accessibility and involvement for and with the public. The Huron-Wendat Museum in Wendake, Québec, serves to investigate these museum practices. Drawing from thorough fieldwork and extensive secondary literature, this master thesis will further probe the prevailing notions of identity, continuity and unity of the new museology in a postcolonial context.
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Coffey, Roland M. "Expressionism and Ethnography: Max Pechstein in Nidden and Palau." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4004.
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This thesis offers a new way to conceptualize Hermann Max Pechstein’s “primitivism” as a kind of ethnographic “primitivism.” By creating a constellation that connects Pechstein’s Nidden and Palau-based projects, Paul Gauguin’s “primitivist” aesthetic, and the research produced by German ethnographers, I argue that the “documentary” nature of Pechstein’s work paradoxically merges the “scientific” aspects of ethnography with his, and more generally, other Expressionists’ interest in the “primitive.” In addition, the following work demonstrates that the purportedly “scientific” representations and visual accounts of South Seas natives that ethnographers like Otto Finsch produced in the late 1800s and early 1900s heavily and problematically relied on an aestheticization of these foreign people that renders them as decorative, “exotic” objects, which are in many ways subjugated to the gaze of and “on display” for the Westerners examining them. This thesis ultimately focuses on how Pechstein’s representations of people from Palau effectively combine the style typical of most Expressionists and an impulse towards ethnographic depiction not seen in the work of his Brücke colleagues.
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Nelson, Gillian. "A century of covert ethnography in Britain, c.1880-c.1980." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2163/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the history of covert ethnography in Britain between the 1880s and 1980. During this century, a range of academic and non-academic social researchers have used the method of covert ethnography. The starting point for this thesis is the observation that there is no adequate and sustained explanation of covert ethnography as a historical phenomenon. It is argued that the fragmented nature of the existing historiography precludes a full understanding of this important historical phenomenon. It is the intention of this thesis to bridge the gaps in the historiography, as it stands, and to promote an inclusive historical account of covert ethnography in Britain across time. Through an analysis of covert ethnographic projects undertaken in Britain between the 1880s and 1980, with particular attention being paid to the structure and language used by covert ethnographers, this thesis will locate the use of this research method in its historical context. This thesis will chart the changes and continuities over time in the use of covert ethnography and demonstrate how key forces, such as the establishment of new models of ethnographic research and the development of ethical concern regarding covertness, shaped the use of covert ethnography significantly. This thesis will contribute a more comprehensive account of covert ethnography to the existing historiography.
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Jiang, Xinyi. "Fujianese migration on the margin : a study of migration culture through history, media representation and ethnography." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55587/.
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Fujianese migration is emblematic of the social impact of the migration-asylum nexus and has prominent significance in migration studies. Yet it remains a hidden social phenomenon and has occupied a marginal position in media and socio-cultural studies. This situation exemplifies the contradictions and complexities of globalisation embedded in, and interacting with, economic, political, historical, social and other factors. My study attempts to explore these factors through a socio-cultural theoretical approach that combines textual and empirical analysis. Chapter One conceptualises the migration-asylum nexus from the sociological perspectives of globalisation, risk and racism. Chapter Two reviews a history of British attitudes towards China and Chinese immigration. Chapter Three analyses the textual properties of the press coverage of the Dover incident in which 58 Fujianese migrants died while being smuggled into Britain. Chapter Four draws an ethnographic picture of the marginalised life experiences of some Fujianese in Britain. Chapter Five explores the migration culture in a sending community of Fujian. My study suggests that an overall negative and stereotypical pattern of representing Chinese in the British society is perceivable in the UK media's recent coverage of the Dover incident. Analysis of this coverage also indicates that the UK media's coverage of migration and asylum issues generally accords with an anti-asylum political discourse. This helps to explain the culture of marginality and secrecy that pervades Fujianese migration to some extent. This study brings together the British press's representation of the Fujianese as 'Others' with an ethnographic investigation of what those 'Others' actually think of themselves. It addresses the discrepancies between migrant-receiving and migrant-sending societies in their perceptions of migration, and draws upon elements of politics, history, society, culture and individual dynamics to provide a more comprehensive portrayal of migration culture.
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Saulino, Lauren E. "PROTECTING BIO-CULTURAL DIVERSITY THROUGH ETHNOGRAPHY: ORAL HISTORY FOR AND BY THE MIAMI NATION OF OKLAHOMA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1246542413.
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Brown, Connie J. "Mapping A Generation: Oral History Research in Sulphur Springs, FL." Scholar Commons, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000295.
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Tuttle, Brendan Rand. "LIFE IS PRICKLY. NARRATING HISTORY, BELONGING, AND COMMON PLACE IN BOR, SOUTH SUDAN." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/251356.
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Anthropology<br>Ph.D.<br>An ethnography based on research carried out between 2009 and 2010 in the vicinity of Bor Town, the capital of Jonglei State, in what was then Southern Sudan, this dissertation is primarily concerned with people's reflections on making agreements with one another during a period when the nature of belonging was being publically discussed and redefined. It examines historical narratives and discussions about how people ought to relate to the past and to each other in the changed circumstances following the formal cessation of hostilities between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Army in 2005. This dissertation departs from much of the literature on Southern Sudan by focusing on the common place, the nature of promises and ordinary talk, as opposed to state failure and armed conflict. After 21 years of multiple and overlapping conflicts in Sudan, a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed in January of 2005. The agreement stipulated national elections during a six-year Interim Period, at the end of which, the people of Southern Sudan were to hold a referendum on self-determination to decide whether to remain united with Sudan or to secede. This dissertation examines questions where were on many people's minds during Sudan's national elections and the run-up to the referendum, a time when questions of history, belonging, and place were very salient. The dissertation begins with a discussion of jokes and other narratives in order to sketch out some popular attitudes toward speech, responsibility and commitments. Most of the body of the dissertation is concerned with everyday talk about the past and with sketching out the background necessary to understand the stakes at play in discussions about citizenship and the definition of a South Sudanese citizen: Did it depend upon one's genealogy or one's place of birth, or one's commitments to a particular place, or their having simply suffered there with others?<br>Temple University--Theses
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Beitler, Daiana. "An ethnography of the one laptop per child (OLPC) programme in Uruguay." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/791/.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study of the Uruguayan programme CEIBAL, which aims to promote social inclusion by providing children and teachers with laptop computers. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it illustrates empirically the complicated work of conceiving, implementing and sustaining policy in practice, both at the macro level and through local instantiations. This was achieved in three inter-related ways. First, by looking at how the national project of development was conceptualised around themes of techno-modernity and consolidated the promise of inclusiveness through claims on the universality of ‘technical needs’. Technology provided the conceptual space in which to resolve a presumed dichotomy between themes of equality, education and paternalistic state and those of economic development, modernisation and innovation. Second, it was analysed by exploring the way in which heterogeneous assemblages of people, values, laptops, and interests, were mobilized to stabilize the programme’s material and conceptual order across a wide range of sites and actors. This was based on the recognition of a ‘natural affinity’ between CEIBAL and Uruguay, which concealed differences, provided coherence and built a strong sense of ‘national consensus’. And finally, as a result of the other two, it was analysed by examining the relationship between ‘the technical’ and ‘the social’ as inscriptions and ‘fudged’ values objectified in the device faced users and their expectations. This implied looking at how CEIBAL officials attempted to make the laptop embody a political and moral project of inclusion, and its infinite promises, so that it could perform them. People in the three localities studied in this thesis (Montevideo, Paysandú and Queguayar) created very tangible strategies for dealing with notions of ‘social inclusion’, expressed different understandings of how technologies created possibilities for them and enacted these beliefs through a wide range of practices. This included the creation of new metaphors of ‘social inclusion’ through the notion of ‘connectivity,’ reconfiguring both social values and definitions of what constitute ‘connections’ as a result: the laptop’s ability to connect children with each ‘wired up the social fabric.’ These negotiations over the possibility of making connections are explored through a new concept that I refer to as ‘geographies of possibilities,’ which describes topographies of power that influence people’s ability to make technology perform. The key to this notion lies in the recognition of several forms of agency that are enacted in strategies to navigate through different geographies: people are not mere recipients of policy but active constituents of its various forms and instantiations in practice.
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Esquibel, Elena. "Performing Race, Performing History: Oral Histories of Sundown Towns in Southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/356.
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Sundown towns are communities with a history of excluding African Americans and that are predominantly White on purpose. Although sundown towns have inevitably changed over time, a number of them continue to be alarmingly White, and their reputations continue to persist. Sundown towns are widespread across the U.S. and despite their prevalence, very little research exists on the topic. Furthermore, sundown towns were largely maintained through oral tradition. In this dissertation, I explore oral history interviews with community residents about the history of sundown towns in southern Illinois. Based on over two years of fieldwork, I examine how community narratives construct present realities of sundown towns in new and nuanced ways. I am also interested in how these narratives function. I argue that race is central to investigating the history of sundown towns and use performance as an analytical tool to understand racial dimensions in community members' stories. I examine how everyday community narratives reveal racialized performances and construct current manifestations of sundown towns. I further examine the process of translating these narratives into a staged performance. Ultimately, I argue that exploring everyday community narratives from the field to the stage allows a heuristic view of the living history of sundown towns. My approach to this study is deeply informed by critical performance ethnography and Critical Race Theory. These methods work together as modes of inquiry that enable analysis of community narratives as well as my role as a researcher, with the aspiration of social change. I enter this research with the agenda to deconstruct racist structures and add to social justice discourses. In this dissertation, I strive to create space for dialogue about sundown towns, race, and racism with various audiences and create possibilities for disrupting this history.
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Taljaard, Nico. "A place where you can “feel like you are a human” : an ethnography of the Pretoria Boeremark." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65811.
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This ethnography shows how certain aspects of the Pretoria Boeremark can be seen to have symbolic resonances with contemporary South African society. Reflecting both economic and cultural practices since 1994, as well as the ways in which it can be construed as being paradigmatic of Afrikaans whiteness in the post-Apartheid era, and how dissonance within this dominant whiteness can be created in the neo-liberal nature of South African society. Markets are amongst the most ancient forms of commercial exchange as well as, in South Africa today, being at the forefront of a globalised cosmopolitanism. The Pretoria Boeremark straddles this divide, being both a source of household provisioning and a ‘modish’ place to sample culture through food. An exploration of the Boeremark’s history, its location in the changing Pretoria suburb of Silverton and its adoption of “free-market” principles lays the foundation for a descriptive ethnography of the market. This ethnography, constructed from participant observation and interviews with vendors and customers, explores the ways in which commercial and non-commercial exchanges at the market lead to what Carsten’s calls “practices of relatedness” and how these practices serve to construct the market as a, nominally, Afrikaans cultural phenomenon. All these explorations come together to illustrate the Boeremark, based on the entanglement of economic, social and cultural aspects of the market, as a possible microcosm of South African economic and cultural practices.<br>Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2018.<br>Anthropology and Archaeology<br>MA<br>Unrestricted
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Young, James. "Bolshevik wives: a study of soviet elite society." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2694.
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PhD<br>This thesis explores the lives of key female members of the Bolshevik elite from the revolutionary movement’s beginnings to the time of Stalin’s death. Through analysing the attitudes and contributions of Bolshevik elite women – most particularly the wives of Lenin, Molotov, Voroshilov and Bukharin – it not only provides for a descriptive account of these individual lives, their changing attitudes and activities, but also a more broad-ranging, social handle on the evolution of elite society in the Soviet Union and the changing nature of the Bolshevik elite both physically and ideationally. Chapters one and two focus on the physical and ideological foundations of the Bolshevik marriage. Chapter one traces the ideological approach of the Bolsheviks towards marriage and the family, examining pre-revolutionary socialist positions in relation to women and the family and establishing a benchmark for how the Bolsheviks wished to approach the ‘woman question’. Chapter two examines the nature of the Bolshevik elite marriage from its inception to the coming of the revolution, dwelling particularly on the different pre-revolutionary experiences of Yekaterina Voroshilova and Nadezhda Krupskaya. Chapters three and four then analyse two key areas of wives’ everyday lives during the interwar years. Chapter three looks at the work that Bolshevik wives undertook and how the nature of their employment changed from the 1920s to the 1930s. Chapter four, through examining the writings of wives such as Voroshilova, Larina and Ordzhonikidze, focuses upon how wives viewed themselves, their responsibilities as members of the Bolshevik elite and the position of women in Soviet society. The final two chapters of this thesis explore the changing nature of elite society in this period and its relationship to Soviet society at large. Chapter five investigates the changing composition of the elite and the specific and general effects of the purges upon its nature. Directly, the chapter examines the lives of Zhemchuzhina, Larina and Pyatnitskaya as wives that were repressed during this period, while more broadly it considers the occupation of the House on the Embankment in the 1930s and the changing structure of Bolshevik elite society. Chapter six focuses on the evolution of Soviet society in the interwar period and how the experiences of Bolshevik elite wives differed from those of ‘mainstream’ Russian women. While previous studies of the Bolshevik elite have focussed upon men’s political lives and investigations of Soviet women’s policy and its shifts under Stalin have mainly concentrated upon describing changes in realist terms, this thesis demonstrates that not only is an evaluation of wives’ lives crucial to a fuller understanding of the Bolshevik elite, but that by comprehending the personal attitudes and values of members of the Bolshevik elite society, particularly with regards to women and the family, a more informed perspective on the reasons for changes in Soviet women’s policy during the interwar period may be arrived at.
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Wright, Carole Irene. "Men and their interventions in violence against women : developing an institutional ethnography." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2009. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/8568/.
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The aim of this study is to explore the social organisation of men’s intervention in men’s violence against women, and the men who work within this realm. The area of intervention chosen, known as ‘domestic violence’, has seen considerable voluntary sector growth during the past two decades. However, few studies have investigated the positioning of men’s intervention within the wider context of ‘domestic violence support and services, which, in the main, have been developed by women. Therefore, this study maps the interconnections of men’s everyday workings within ‘domestic violence’ as professionals, public service providers, activists, and as men. The study was underpinned by a feminist framework and attempted to synthesise theory, practice and activism. Dorothy E. Smith’s approach of institutional ethnography was employed, and analysis was rooted in her concepts of ‘ruling relations’ and ‘Ideological codes’. The entry point for research comprised professional men who worked with men who had been violent to known women, as well as men who volunteered their time in violence prevention campaigns. During the course of the research seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thirty public and semi-public events around the theme of men’s violence towards women were attended. The main findings from this study include the identification of processes that have reconceptualised the social problem of men’s violence towards women into ‘the relations of ruling’. Findings also suggest that feminism as an ‘ideological code’ is a key organiser of social relations within the ‘domestic violence’ sector. Furthermore, although the majority of leadership, work and activism within the area of ‘domestic violence’ is carried out by women, and despite the relative smallness of men’s intervention in ‘domestic violence’, the findings indicate that disproportionate opportunities for men to utilise their social power can be available in this area of intervention.
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Elazar-Demota, Yehonatan. "An Ethnography: Discovering the Hidden Identity of the Banilejos." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2441.
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During June of 2015, an anthropological and sociological study was conducted in the Dominican city of Bani. On the surface, the banilejo people appear to be devout Catholics. However, having had access to their personal lives, it was evident that their peculiar family traditions and folklore hinted at their liminal identities. This study involved interviewing 23 female subjects with questions found in the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitorial manuals. In addition, their mitochondrial DNA sequences were analyzed and demonstrated a high percentage of consanguinity and inbreeding within Bani's population. The genetic analysis of their mitochondrial DNA yielded genetic links with Jewish women from worldwide Jewish communities. Victor Turner's communitas theory and Geertz's thick description were used as the methodology. Ultimately, the sociological and anthropological analysis of their way of life evidenced how their ancestors preserved Jewish identity covertly throughout the inquisition time period (1481-1834) and how they continue to perpetuate it in contemporary times through consanguinity, and the power of superstition and taboo.
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Howland, O. F. "Drinking, despair and the state and ethnography of a brewing subculture in rural Kenya." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4686/.
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Home brewed alcohol is responsible for a significant proportion of alcohol related harms across Africa, yet in Kenya where the problem receives much media attention, pombe ya kienyeji (home brew) has been significantly under-researched. Existing research offers limited information regarding the personal stories and daily lives of people within this sub-culture which would inform us about the social and political contexts of alcohol. This thesis is a description of the sub-culture of home-made fermented beers in a rural, geographically isolated and politically marginalised region of southern Kenya. The research was conducted using a mixed methods ethnographic approach including participant observation, focus groups, informal interviews, drawing exercises with children, body mapping, life story interviews and oral histories, community mapping, reflexive focus groups, photography, and the ethnographer working as a Mama Pima (the woman who serves the beer). Research took place over a period of three years from 2011-2014, with around 24 months spent in the field. Home brewed beers are an integral part of the local economy, providing employment and financial independence for many women, enabling them to send their children to school and look after their families. The study uses the concepts of structural violence, and demasculinity, as analytical perspectives to explain and rationalise the behaviour of drinkers, brewers and other relevant actors within ‘Kijiji’, the study site. These chapters make the case that state level structural violence is a precipitator of alcoholism, and that domestic violence witnessed from an early age is normalised in many households. For the women who brew, a climate of mistrust and fear of the authorities pervades everyday life. Focus group discussions shed light on the changing role of alcohol within society and the different meanings ascribed to it since independence. Life stories indicate that violence witnessed and suffered in childhood are precursors to problematic drinking behaviour in later life. There are clearly defined gender roles in production and consumption of alcohol with women primarily undertaking production and sale of brew, and men dominating the drinking scene. A full description of the brews and brewing process, environments, and drinking dens are recorded. Whether actual levels of consumption have increased in real terms is beyond the scope of this study. The empirical results demonstrate that structural violence is deeply embedded in rural Kenyan society and provide an alternative to the commonly held belief that brewers and drinkers are deviant or criminal. Brewers and drinkers still manage to create for themselves a meaningful life within this context and construct realities in which they can express self-worth and respect. This study makes an addition to the existing body of literature concerning alcohol and health in East Africa, and provides a detailed insight into the daily lives and motivations, local realities and challenges for people within the sub-culture of home brew in rural Kenya.
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Marsh, Diana Elizabeth. "From "Extinct Monsters" to Deep Time : an ethnography of fossil exhibits production at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50177.
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This dissertation traces the relationship between changing institutional cultures and the communication of knowledge to the public through exhibits, explored through an ethnographic and historical case study of a single set of halls at one museum—the fossil halls at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). Having documented the first six months of planning for the NMNH’s new exhibit project, Deep Time, I show that many of the values and practices in current exhibits production have their roots in major cultural, professional and institutional shifts of the late-1950s. These changes, enacted and dramatized in exhibits production, came to transform the communication of science through exhibits. Indeed, I argue, the production of exhibits offers unique insight into the workings of an institution by describing a microcosm of the museum where what I have called disciplinary “complementarities” and “frictions” are debated and performed by small, increasingly interdisciplinary groups of people. Exhibit development thus emerges as a political and subjective creative act, rooted in particular institutional contexts and histories, that takes place at the intersection of paradoxical institutional missions and divergent disciplinary cultures. In the chapters of this thesis, I will contextualize and trace collaborative complementarities and frictions that emerge at three levels of exhibits production: exhibit content, group dynamics, and institutional mission. I will argue that these three layers of complementarities/frictions (from the micro-level of content specific to the planning of the fossil hall complex, to the experts that develop exhibits, to the broadest institutional mission of the museum) as revealed in the exhibits production process, have at their root foundational dual roles of the Smithsonian that are both paradoxical and necessary in creative exhibits production.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Anthropology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Tomas, David. "An ethnography of the eye : authority, observation and photography in the context of British anthropology 1839-1900." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75671.
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Anthropological classics such as E. H. Man's On the Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands (1883) and A. R. Radcliffe-Brown's The Andaman Islanders (1922) are generally regarded as products of an emergent nineteenth century social science. These anthropological classics were accepted by contemporaries as authoritative statements in their authors' fields of competence, and the ethnographic 'pictures' of the aborigines they presented were accepted as accurate descriptions of indigenous life. The following thesis argues for an alternative approach to the history of the production of anthropological knowledge. It begins by exploring the gradual codification of observational practices in the nineteenth century British anthropology. The codification of ethnographic observation is examined in the case of anthropological manuals published between 1840 and 1892, and their methodological impact on the possibilities of data collection are discussed. Ethnographic observation is then approached from the point of view of media use, and the relationship between drawing and photography is discussed in relation to nineteenth century physical and cultural anthropology. The codification of ethnographic observation and the anthropological use of various representational media are the problematic for an intensive exploration of the production of anthropological knowledge in the Andaman Islands. The approach adopted focuses on unacknowledged strategies and marginalized knowledge which were nevertheless directly implicated in the production of ethnographic texts. Following this approach, the discipline of Anthropology comes to seem less an isolated intellectual activity, and more a residue of broad social, cultural, and political processes. Drawing on this perspective, the works of Man and Radcliffe-Brown on the Andaman Islanders are treated as the culmination of a history of representation that is built on and incorporates administrative strategies, representational media and s
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Silva, Edson Eduardo Ramos da. "Estudo de imagens: leituras da história a partir de conteúdo elaborado pelos Kel tamacheque na web." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/93/93131/tde-04092017-153021/.
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As indagações que orientam este trabalho tiveram início na procura de averiguar como os conteúdos de sites e blogs, elaborados em parceria ou pelos próprios Kel tamacheques, auxiliam-nos a compreender a história contemporânea dessa sociedade. Diante dessa busca, pesquisamos e elaboramos corpus imagético capturado da web indexável, buscando verificar suas contribuições de modo a compreender os alcances desse conteúdo como auxilio profícuo para o estudo da história dos Kel tamacheques. Metodologicamente a pesquisa imagética que aqui apresentamos implica em uma determinada forma de encarar os conteúdos da web, tomando como base somente a produção dos próprios Kel tamacheques, em língua francesa. Destarte, por meio dessa pesquisa, concluímos que é possível não só ter acesso às demandas da história contemporânea dessa sociedade, mas também do entendimento, transição e interconexão do passado e dos tempos atuais. Assim, criamos um website almejando atender a perspectiva da universidade e transversalidade no que se referem à melhoria da sociedade e da humanidade a partir dos temas e conflitos vividos pelas pessoas em seu dia-a-dia, sejam em África ou no Brasil.<br>The inquiries that guide this work began in the search to find out how the content of websites and blogs, elaborated in partnership or by Kel tamacheques themselves, help us to understand the contemporary history of this society. In view of this search, we researched and elaborated an imaged corpus captured from the indexable web, seeking to verify its contributions in order to understand the scope of this content as a useful aid to the study of the history of the Kel tamacheques. Methodologically, the imagery research presented here implies a certain way of looking at the contents of the web, taking as a basis only the production of the Kel tamacheques themselves, in French. Thus, through this research, we conclude that it is possible not only to have access to the demands of the contemporary history of that society, but also to the understanding, transition and interconnection of past and present times. Thus, we created a website aiming to meet the perspective of the university and transversality in what refers to the improvement of society and humanity from the themes and conflicts experienced by people in their daily lives, whether in Africa or in Brazil.
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Hale, Tamara. "Mixing and its challenges : an ethnography of race, kinship and history in a village of Afro-indigenous descent in coastal Peru." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1075/.
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This thesis, based on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork, is about ordinary Peruvians of mixed African slave and indigenous descent. It shows that villagers in Yapatera, northern Peru, have responded to contradictory historical forces through everyday practices of ‘mixing’. Villagers live in a society that officially downplays the significance of race while it simultaneously discriminates against non-white ‘others’. The thesis finds that villagers reject the ethnic (‘AfroPeruvian’) and racial (‘black’) labels cast upon them by outsiders, and instead illustrates how villagers are engaged in a variety of social practices and local narratives which stress the cultural, social, religious, political and economic integration of the community into the local region, and which seek to deemphasise its potential ethnic distinctiveness. ‘Mixing’ permeates through villagers’ ideas and practices relating to human physiology, procreation, descent, marriage, personhood, historicity, religion, place-making, local politics, and relations with the state. However, mixing is ultimately a fragile project. ‘Race’, as a social divider, reappears often in the very practices or domains where mixing occurs. Mixing itself can be understood as an attempt to overcome thinly-veiled local racist discourses. It is also an attempt to negotiate oneself out of the very undesirable category of ‘black’, and as such it bears continuities with historical social practices. Mixing is not so much an outright resistance to racism, nor is it a straightforward appropriation of nationalist ideologies. Instead mixing is to be understood as an alternative form of knowledge: an autochthonous attempt to engage with these external forces. By bridging the gap between Andean anthropology and the study of Afro-descendants in a variety of disciplines, the thesis helps fill a gap on mestizaje as a form of lived experience. By highlighting the central role of kinship in ideas and practices of mixing, it also indicates the wider implications of mixing for anthropological theory.
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Carr, Margaret Shipley. "The Temperance Worker as Social Reformer and Ethnographer as Exemplified in the Life and Work of Jessie A. Ackermann." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1869.
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This project used primary historical documents from the Jessie A. Ackermann collection at ETSU's Archives of Appalachia, other books and documents from the temperance period, and recent scholarship on the subjects of temperance, suffrage, and women travelers and civilizers. As the second world missionary for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Ackermann traveled in order to establish WCT Unions and worked as a civilizer, feminist, and reporter of the conditions of women and the disadvantaged throughout the world.
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Tilley, Jessica. "Death in Sacred Harp." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rs_theses/11.
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The extraordinary body of Sacred Harp music has been dubbed "the oldest continuously sung American music." Steven Marini, scholar of sacred arts, proposes that the Sacred Harp community welcomes anyone into their singings, regardless of their religious beliefs. His analysis does not take into account the emphasis placed on conversion to Christianity that is demonstrated by the lyrics and the rituals of the Sacred Harp community, however. Religion is not "a matter of personal faith" to Sacred Harp singers as Marini suggests, but a matter of a very specific set of faith commitments. The implications of these commitments for Sacred Harp singers determine their eternal destiny. An investigation into the lyrics of The Sacred Harp hymnal reveals a preoccupation with death, always with intent to point toward the individual "religious" choice of eternal death or eternal life and the desire to share that knowledge with anyone who comes in contact with this remarkable phenomenon.
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Cedras, Robyn-Leigh. "In the halls of history: the making and unmaking of the life-casts at the ethnography galleries of the Iziko South African Museum." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22756.
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This mini-dissertation is a study of the phenomenon of life-casting and the display of these in the museum space. It looks specifically at the practice as it came into use at the turn of the twentieth century at the South African Museum in the Western Cape. The research aims to place the practice in context with the historical triggers and larger perspectives of the subject of indigenous races. A focus on particular life-casts and its display in designed productions allows the reader insight into knowledge production. I point to this to unpack a loaded history informing deeply seated identity constructs and prejudices. A trajectory of the use of the life-casts is supported by visual records included in this text. The museum's archive also affords a plethora of correspondence and research giving context and insight. A close analysis of the archive exposes the museum's processes and the exchange in consumption and production by museum visitors and related institutions both private and state supported. The making and unmaking of the life-casts acts as proxy for peoples brutally subjugated.
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Hicks, David. "Constructing Oneself as a Teacher of History: Case Studies of the Journey to the Other Side of the Desk by Preservice Teachers in England and America." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39468.
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The research described in this dissertation has its antecedents in my own experiences as a student and teacher of history in both England and the USA. Reflecting back on such experiences as a teacher educator in the US has led to a hypothesis that history teaching is conceptualized and performed differently by teachers in England and the US. This study used contrasting case studies of two English and two American preservice history teachers to illuminate and compare how the development of their understanding of history and evolving construction of self as history teacher influenced their everyday pedagogical performances as they began to teach history.
Detailed portraits of teaching developed for this study show how the pedagogical approach to teaching history with an emphasis on developing historical understanding through learning the skills of the discipline of history in England contrast with the American emphasis on content coverage through the pedagogy of telling the tale of the past. The study revealed the participant's adherence to these two contrasting traditions in the teaching of history. This can be understood by examining two continually interweaving components: 1) well remembered events, and interactions associated with learning history and history teaching that form a "biographic conception" of history teaching, and 2) ongoing experiences and expected outcomes of planning and teaching history in a particular way. Within the scope of this study, particular attention was given to the participant's contextual understandings of: A) official history curriculum, B) their cooperating teacher and C) their students as they began to plan and teach history within their internship.
The case studies compare and describe how the participants' biographic conceptions of both history and history teaching act as a filter through which the differing expectations of their respective history curriculum, their cooperating teacher and departments were mediated and negotiated. While the biographic conception of history exerted an enduring influence on their understanding of what it means to learn and study history in high school, the study revealed that the participants' ongoing classroom interactions with their students in conjunction with meeting the expectations of their cooperating teachers and departments constrained and limited the participants' perspectives as to what they believed was possible within the history classroom. The case studies here highlight the interactive forces and complexity of learning to become a teacher of history and have further implications for exploring the possibilities and constraints of two competing traditions in the teaching of history. This comparative study raises questions and opportunities for examining such epistemological questions as What is history? and How should it be taught in high school? The work shows that the role of history teacher can be and should be more than a teller of the tale of the past. It also highlights the problems faced by teachers and students when the primary goal of history is focused on the difficult task of learning historical skills and concepts. However, if the goals of history teaching in the US are truly for the development of knowledgeable, critically thinking citizens, then teacher educators must begin to provide opportunities and create communities of practice which encourage preservice teachers to not only break their attachment to the pedagogy of telling but also develop their skills to think historically to the end of organizing learning experiences that emphasize the doing of history within their classrooms.<br>Ph. D.
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Patti, Chris J. "Compassionate Storytelling with Holocaust Survivors| Cultivating Dialogue at the End of an Era." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3587827.
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<p> We live in a frantic, fractured, ever-quickening, and violent world that is at the end of the era in which we will be able to talk with survivors of the <i>Shoah</i>. To date, there have been approximately 100,000 recorded interviews of Holocaust survivors. The vast majority of these interviews—such as the 52,000 done for Steven Spielberg's and USC Shoah Foundation Archive—have used traditional, single-session, and "neutral" methods of oral history interviewing to "capture" and "preserve" the legalistic, historical "testimonies" of survivors. The present study responds to this situation and unique moment in time by slowing down, listening, speaking repeatedly and intimately, forming interpersonal relationships, and storytelling with three Holocaust survivors in the Tampa Bay area: Salomon Wainberg, Manuel Goldberg, and Sonia Wasserberger. I do this in order to see those I work with as experiential authorities able to help me address the classic and post-modern issues of human meaning, connection, and value in the post-Holocaust world. I first contextualize this work within extant and related research in the field of communication. Then I situate this project in the broader intersections of work on the history of the Holocaust and Holocaust survivors. This is followed by an outline of the particular collaborative oral history and ethnographic theories and methods that influence this work. These contexts lead to three chapters, the ethnographic stories of each survivor I have worked with for the past three years. Each story focuses on: a) the oral history and ethnographic significance of sharing particularities of each survivor's experience through our dialogues together; b) broader insights and explorations of the central themes (compassion, identification, and affinity) that emerged from our interviews and relationships. The final chapter concludes by reflecting on and synthesizing the values and limitations of this project. As a whole, this dissertation cultivates and exemplifies: a) a unique understanding of humane and humanistic approaches to ethnographic methods in the fields of communication and oral history; b) compassion, identification, and affinity as important lenses and motives to consider in research with individuals (in particular individual survivors of mass atrocities); c) the historical value and need to continue developing diverse approaches to scholarship that centralize personal stories, dialogue, peace, wisdom, and work that represents marginalized experiences and experiences of marginalization in a violent, oppressive world. This dissertation is offered as a token of remembrance of the Holocaust and to those who shared their stories with me.</p>
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Murray, Peggy L. "Dancing in the Seminary: Reconstructing Dances for a 1749 Viceregal Peruvian Opera." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1448985385.
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DeDominicis, Kali Lou. "Imagining virtual community : online media fandom and the construction of virtual collectivity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23384.
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This thesis uses ethnographic research into online media fandom, focusing on self-reflexive analytical documents that fans call meta, to investigate longstanding questions about the nature of virtual community. It argues that virtual documents should be seen as complete and complex interactions in their original form and as social contexts in their own right, and presents a new approach to ethnographic methodology and ethics suited to working in this context. Fans have incorporated various technologies into the infrastructure that constitutes their community, and these have had various effects on the structure and substance of fannish documents and interactions – and on the character of the community as a whole. The stability and visibility of the digital archive is an important feature of virtual community – one that makes fandom more visible, accessible, and historically grounded for both old and new members. This research also deals with conflict, not as a necessarily divisive force but as a natural and important part of how communities evolve and how members negotiate and articulate what their community should be. It discusses fanfiction as a controversial and sometimes problematic genre, and considers trigger warnings as the solution fans have developed to protect vulnerable members of their community from potentially harmful content (such as rape). It also examines conflict with outside authorities, like creators and the administrators who control the virtual spaces that fans inhabit. These conflicts illuminate creativity and feminism as fannish values, presenting fandom as a community that embraces sex-positive female sexuality. More importantly, they suggest that the creation and maintenance of a ‘safe space’ where all members feel respected and comfortable is a key feature of online community. In addition, fannish storytelling (particularly the creation of what fans call fanon) is part of the production of local knowledge, of boundary mechanisms that mark and separate members of the community from outsiders. These stories as part of the process by which fans position themselves within the broader community – and in so doing, locate themselves within smaller cohorts of fans who affirm and support aspects of their personal experiences and marginalised identities (e.g. as women, members of the LGBTQIA+ community, or people of colour) through the reorientation and appropriation of story.
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McCready, Geneviève. "Actions politiques d’infirmières francophones canadiennes afin d’améliorer les conditions de vie des personnes et communautés : une approche historique et une ethnographie collaborative en sciences infirmières." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40705.
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D’après les écrits scientifiques, les infirmières auraient du mal à exercer leur pouvoir d’influence dans le but de modifier les politiques en faveur de la santé. Ces difficultés vécues par des infirmières en santé communautaire importent puisque d’une part, les actions politiques sont nécessaires à la réduction des inégalités sociales qui minent la santé des populations et d’autre part, ces infirmières constituent des témoins privilégiées des conditions de vie nuisibles.
Cette thèse doctorale s’intéresse aux conceptions et pratiques en matière d’action politique chez des infirmières francophones canadiennes exerçant en santé communautaire. Son regard porte spécifiquement sur les contextes du travail des infirmières qui influencent leurs pratiques. Les objectifs sont :
- Décrire les conceptions des infirmières francophones canadiennes quant à l’action politique en santé communautaire;
- Témoigner des pratiques des infirmières francophones canadiennes pour améliorer les conditions de vie des personnes et communautés;
- Rendre compte des éléments contextuels qui touchent les pratiques infirmières en matière d’action politique.
L’étude présente deux volets : une enquête historique réalisée dans le Bulletin des gardes-malades catholiques du Canada entre 1934 et 1959, et une ethnographie collaborative menée auprès de 21 infirmières travaillant dans un Centre de santé communautaire.
Les résultats montrent l’attachement des infirmières aux valeurs de justice sociale et de respect de la dignité humaine. Certains savoirs infirmiers – tels que les savoirs éthiques, la défense de l’accès aux soins et les soins de proximité – sont mis en danger par la domination dans le réseau de la santé du modèle biomédical et de la reddition de comptes. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle joué par les organisations en santé dans l’avènement d’opportunités pour les infirmières de mener des actions permettant de perpétuer leurs pratiques d’équité. Ces constats mènent à l’élaboration de pistes émancipatrices pour la profession infirmière.
En somme, cette thèse jette un nouveau regard sur l’héritage du savoir infirmier francophone au Canada. Elle rend compte de la diversité des actions politiques chez les infirmières et questionne les obstacles contemporains à l’exercice de ce rôle.
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Keremedjiev, Helen Alexandra. "The ethnography of on-site interpretation and commemoration practices| Place-based cultural heritages at the Bear Paw, Big Hole, Little Bighorn, and Rosebud Battlefields." Thesis, University of Montana, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3568112.
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<p> Using a memory archaeology paradigm, this dissertation explored from 2010 to 2012 the ways people used place-based narratives to create and maintain the sacredness of four historic battlefields in Montana: Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument; Nez Perce National Historical Park- Bear Paw Battlefield; Nez Perce National Historical Park- Big Hole National Battlefield; and Rosebud Battlefield State Park. This research implemented a mixed-methods approach of four data sources: historical research about on-site interpretation and land management of the battlefields; participant observations conducted during height of tourism season for each battlefield; 1,056 questionnaires administered to park visitors; and 32 semi-structured interviews with park personnel. Before formulating hypotheses to test, a preliminary literature review was conducted on three battlefields (Culloden, Fallen Timbers, and Isandlwana) for any observable patterns concerning the research domain. </p><p> This dissertation tested two hypotheses to explain potential patterns at the four battlefields in Montana related to on-site interpretation of primary sources, the sacred perception of battlefields, and the maintenance and expression of place-based cultural heritages and historical knowledge. The first hypothesis examined whether park visitors and personnel perceived these American Indian battlefields as nationally significant or if other heritage values associated with the place-based interpretation of the sacred landscapes were more important. Although park visitors and personnel overall perceived the battlefields as nationally important, they also strongly expressed other heritage values. The second hypothesis examined whether battlefield visitors who made pilgrimages to attend or participate in official on-site commemorations had stronger place-based connections for cultural heritage or historical knowledge reasons than other visitors. Overall, these commemoration pilgrims had stronger connections to the battlefields than other park visitors. </p><p> Closer comparisons of the four battlefields demonstrated that they had both similar patterns and unique aspects of why people maintained these landscapes as sacred places.</p>
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Friedman, David A. "Josephus on the servile origins of the Jews in Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:313b7cfc-8abb-4bcf-b7d8-4a0131fab691.
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The Exodus story of the Israelites' slavery in Egypt and subsequent redemption was central to Jewish accounts of their national origins and was an important component of Jewish self-identification in antiquity. Although Greek and Latin sources appear ignorant of the Exodus story, ancient ethnographies of the Jews in non-Jewish sources claim that the Jews were originally Egyptian. This thesis examines how Josephus presents the Exodus story of the Jews' servile national origins in Egypt to a Roman audience who had biases against slaves, freedmen, and Egyptians, and little knowledge of Jewish origins apart from reports that they were Egyptian by origin. Josephus's first work Jewish War, a politico-military history, includes tangential remarks about Jewish origins, but implies in the proem that the Jews were originally Egyptian. Jewish Antiquities, which rewrites the biblical account of Jewish origins, explicitly denies that the Jews were originally Egyptian and deliberately omits mention of the Jews' servitude in Egypt at important points in the narrative where it would have been expected. In Against Apion, an apologia, Josephus subtly uses keywords and the rhetorical technique of insinuatio to prove that the Jews were not originally Egyptian without stating openly that this is a goal of the work. Several factors explain these results. Aristotle's theory of natural slavery, which posits that slaves are innately defective, was part of the ideological assumptions of first century CE Roman elites. Romans were also ambivalent about their own partly-servile origins in Romulus's asylum. Influenced by Augustan propaganda about Actium, first-century Roman sources deride Egyptians with a range of negative stereotypes. Josephus denies that the Jews were Egyptian and omits their servile origins at important points in the narrative where the Bible mentions it in order to portray the Jews as favorably as possible.
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Jonas, Michael Jesaja. "Kleinplasie living open air museum: a biography of a site and the processes of history-making 1974 – 1994." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4046.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>In 1974 an Agricultural Museum Committee was established at the Worcester Museum which ultimately led to the development in 1981 of the Kleinplasie Open Air Farm Museum.This began a new phase in the museum’s history, one that I will argue was particularly closely linked to Afrikaner nationalist historiography, in particular to ideas about frontier farmers and pioneer farming lifestyles and activities.This study will take the form of a critical analysis of the establishment of Kleinplasie Living Open Air Museum from 1974 until 1994. It will evaluate the making of exhibitions, its architecture, and the performances and public activities in the establishment of the institution as a site of memory and knowledge. The key question this work engages with is how representations, performance, exhibitions, museum activities, and public involvement were shaped to create particular messages and construct a site of cultural identity and memory at Kleinplasie Living Open Air Museum.It will also deal with questions around who decides on the voices and content of the exhibitions, architecture and displays. The role played by professionals, those who claim to represent community, donors and other interests groups will also be placed under the spotlight. There are also questions around the provenance of collections, the way they were acquired through donations and sponsorships, and the crucial role objects played in the construction of the narrative and identity of the museum.A key question that emerges from my own work is the connection between the Afrikaner nationalist scholarship and the development of the open-air museum based on the life of the frontier farmer at Kleinplasie. While Kleinplasie does not seem to follow the monumental approach that was evident in schemes such as the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria, where triumphalism and conquest are key metaphors, it does rely on a sense of
‘independence’ and self-fulfilment in social history type setting. There is thus a need to consider how Afrikaner nationalist historiography impacted on the way history was depicted at Kleinplasie. P. J. van der Merwe’s studies of the character and lifeways of the trekboer(Die Trekboer in die Geskiedenis van die Kaapkolonie), seems to have played a central role in the construction of the theme and narrative. This three-volume trilogy provided Kleinplasie(literally, ‘little farm’) with a social and cultural history on which to construct its version of the past.
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De, Souza Santos Andreza Aruska. "Perceiving and participating in cultural heritage : an ethnography about the process of preservation of Ouro Preto, Brazil." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8825.
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This thesis discusses the promises and pitfalls of city preservation in Ouro Preto, a Brazilian city preserved nationally and hailed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Using interviews, archival material, ethnographic observations, and the analysis of public meetings on city preservation in Ouro Preto in 2013, I study how the city's legacy as a national treasure of monumental architecture has endured until now, despite different coexisting standards of living, perceptions and uses of the city, and views of the past. In Ouro Preto, while fluctuating populations of tourists and students live mainly in the historic city centre, permanent residents often build their homes in underprivileged and marginalised areas and benefit little from their cultural heritage. Spatial exclusion and preservation policies, allegedly favouring outsiders, boost the divide between residents and newcomers, echoing the colonial past of the city. Disputes around the preservation of the cityscape invited widespread participation. One expectation of increased grassroots participation in cultural heritage sites is that it could expose varied and fluid perspectives of the city, and consequently allow for corresponding, more inclusive uses. However, when looking at local participatory practices in heritage policies, I consider the challenge for grassroots meetings to include different citizens and viewpoints, when the ability to disagree in public debates and participation are restricted by socio-economic conditions. The ethnographic character of this research offers a platform to investigate anthropological questions regarding the role, limits and expectations around cultural heritage and participatory practices in a context of varied socio-economic levels and fluid perceptions of aesthetics, history, and everyday uses of public spaces in a fragmented city.
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Rio, Gaëlle. "Le musée national de la Marine : histoire d'une institution et de ses collections (1748-1998)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL178.
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Figurant parmi les grands musées nationaux, le musée de la Marine est le plus ancien musée d’histoire maritime en France, dont les origines remontent au milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Fondé à partir de la collection de modèles de bateaux donnée au roi Louis XV par l’académicien Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau en 1748, le musée Dauphin ouvre au Louvre en 1827 sous Charles X, à destination avant tout des élèves de l’école d’ingénieurs constructeurs de la Marine dans une finalité d’instruction. L’approche monographique et institutionnelle permet de mettre en évidence trois grands moments de l’histoire de ce musée : la lente genèse du musée naval (1748-1827) dans le contexte des Lumières et d’une culture scientifique et technique ; la longue période du musée naval au palais du Louvre (1827-1939) au cours de laquelle se forge l’identité de l’institution autour de collections techniques et ethnographiques à vocation pédagogique ; le transfert du musée au palais de Chaillot et son expansion au XXe siècle avec la modernisation du site parisien, l’extension de ses collections aux cinq marines et la constitution d’un réseau des musées des ports (1939-1971). Devenu établissement public administratif en 1971, le musée national de la Marine se transforme à la fin du XXe siècle pour devenir le grand musée maritime du XXIe siècle. Cette étude s’attache à cerner les enjeux sociaux, culturels et idéologiques qui ont présidé à la création et au développement de ce musée, à interroger le statut de ses collections, entre technique, art et instrument de propagande ou de communication, et enfin à analyser la question plus large du rôle du musée dans la société française, d’un lieu de représentation du pouvoir à un espace au service du public<br>One of the major national museums, The Marine Museum is the oldest museum of maritime history in France, whose origins date back to the mid-eighteenth century. Founded from the collection of boat models given to king Louis XV by the Academician Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau in 1748, the Dauphin Museum (as it was called) opened in the Louvre in 1827 under the reign of Charles X ; primarily intended for teaching purposes to the construction engineers of the Navy. The monographic and institutioal approach highlights three major moments in the history of this museum : the slow genesis of the naval museum (1748-1827) in the context of the Enlightenment and of the development of scientific and technical culture ; the long period of the naval museum at the Louvre Palace (1827-1939), during which the identity of the institution is based on technical and ethnographic collections for educational purposes ; the transfer of the museum to the Palais de Chaillot and its expansion in the 20th century with the modernization of the Paris site, the extension of its collections to the five Navies and the creation of a network of port museums (1939-1971). Having become a public administrative institution in 1971, the National Marine Museum was transformed at the end of the 20th century into the great maritime museum of the 21st century, as it is now. This study seeks to identify the social, cultural and ideological issues that led to the creation and the development of this museum, to question the status of its collections, between technique, art and propaganda or communication instrument, and finally, to analyze the broader question of the museum's role in French society, from a place of representation of power to a space in the service of the public
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Cadge, Catie Anne. "Paradigms of collecting from ethnography to documenting the individual artists, Grace Nicholson and the art history of Native Northwestern California basketry during the Arts and Crafts period, 1880-1930." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58561.pdf.
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Feron, Patrick. "Héritage, métissage de traditions d'architecture nautique : foyers de traditions : Afrique, Europe, Amérique XVIe-XXIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H015.
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Cette recherche concerne la caractérisation architecturale de bateaux fluviaux d'Afrique de l'Ouest et Équatoriale. Ils naviguent sur le Sénégal et le Niger ; sur l'Oubangui, le Chari et le lac Tchad, entre le XVIIe siècle et l'époque contemporaine. L'ensemble du réseau représente 8 000 kilomètres de voies de navigation intérieure. Trois bateaux archétypaux, la baleinière, le chaland et le sharpee, sont observés sur ce réseau. Ils suggèrent une relation entre l'Europe, l'Amérique et l'Afrique, trois « foyers de traditions » réunis par l'Océan Atlantique. Manuscrits, récits de voyageurs, plans, cartes, publications contemporaines, documents iconographiques sont examinés en détail, de même que la Baleinière du Chari conservée au Musée des troupes de marine, à Fréjus, France. L'analyse porte sur les bateaux, la mobilité aquatique, les raisons de cette mobilité et son intelligence pratique. Elle détaille les traditions nautiques vernaculaires et examine leur rapport de convenance avec le milieu naturel et les besoins humains quotidiens. Histoire et ethnographie permettent de déterminer la localisation, la généalogie, l'architecture, la fonctionnalité, l'usage des bateaux. Le résultat élucide le processus de métissage culturel et technique de la baleinière, du chaland et du sharpee. L'enquête ethnographique confirme l'héritage valorisé du chaland sablier construit actuellement près de la ville de Bamako<br>In the present study, three archetypal boats called baleinière, chaland and sharpee are observed in the west area and the equatorial area of Africa. They sail on the rivers of Sénégal, and Niger ; on Oubangui, Chari and Chad lake, between seventeenth century and contemporary period. The whole of waterways measure eight thousand kilometres of Iength. The three previous occurrences suggest a relationship between Europe, America and Africa, these continents linked by Atlantic ocean, are called "foyers of traditions". Manuscripts, stories of the first voyagers, publications, plans, charts, iconography are examined. Then, the collector's item of baleinière du Chari showed in Musée des troupes de marine, Fréjus, France is looked over in detail. The study analyses the architectural characteristics of boats, the aquatic mobility, the reasons of this mobility and the intelligence put into practice. It makes an inventory of vernacular nautical traditions and examines their harmony with natural environment and the daily life of men. Geography, history, ethnography allow to determine local area, genesis, architecture, functionality, and the use of boats. The result elucidates the process of cultural and technical mix of baleinière, chaland and sharpee. The ethnographic survey substantiates the genesis of chaland sablier currently built nearly Bamako city
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Forssman, Timothy Robin. "The spaces between places : a landscape study of foragers on the Greater Mapungubwe Landscape, southern Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:11823954-08f8-4c0a-ae8d-77d7a8a855a3.
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Our understanding of the Later Stone Age (LSA) on the Greater Mapungubwe Landscape has until now been fairly limited. However, it is a landscape upon which foragers witnessed and partook in agriculturalist state formation between AD 900 and 1300, altering their cultural behaviour to suit their changing social and political topography. Nowhere else in southern Africa were foragers part of such developments. For this project a landscape approach was used to study the various changes in the regional LSA record as well as the way in which foragers interacted with farmers. In order to address these issues, data were obtained from an archaeological survey followed by an excavation of seven sites in north-eastern Botswana, part of the Greater Mapungubwe Landscape. These finds indicate that the local forager record varies chronologically and spatially, which had not previously been recorded. Foragers also used a variety of site types and in each a different forager expression was deposited, providing indications of their changing settlement pattern. Notably, this included a gradual movement into agriculturalist homesteads beginning by at least AD 1000 and concluding by AD 1300, when the Mapungubwe capital was abandoned. Thus, interactions, at least in some cases, led to assimilation. There is also clear evidence of exchange with agriculturalists at many of the excavated sites, but this does not always seem to be related to their proximity with one another. Performing a landscape study has also made it possible to make two general conclusions with regard to LSA research. First, these data challenge ethnography, displaying its limitations particularly with linking modern Bushman practices, such as aggregation and dispersal patterns or hxaro gift exchange, to LSA foragers. Second, a full landscape understanding combines the archaeology of multiple cultural landscapes and in this case also crosses national borders, two themes often neglected in southern African archaeological studies.
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Guerra, José Wilton Nascimento. "O Projeto de Ernani Silva Bruno: uma discussão sobre as bases de criação, implantação e gestão do Museu da Casa Brasileira (1970-1979)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/103/103131/tde-12112015-155635/.
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O presente projeto tem por objetivo discutir, sob a ótica da gestão de museus, em perspectiva histórica, a criação, implantação e a gestão do Museu da Casa Brasileira (MCB) sob a direção do historiador e memorialista Ernani Silva Bruno, entre 1970 e 1979. A hipótese que investigamos foi que a gestão de Silva Bruno, no âmbito dos museus públicos ligados a Secretaria da Cultura do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, encontrou um ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento das atividades museológicas, se comparado a outros museus criados em períodos anteriores. Isto motivado por um cenário que consideramos positivo da política cultural do Estado, que anos antes havia desenvolvido uma nova estrutura administrativa, que possibilitara criar uma instituição museológica com objetivo claro e coerente. Tudo isto inserido no contexto internacional dos anos de 1970, em que havia um intenso processo de formulações e renovações na emergente área de Museologia, no âmbito do International Council of Museums - ICOM/ UNESCO. Nossa proposta é contribuir para uma melhor compreensão de seu projeto, com possível aproveitamento das reflexões para o contexto atual do Museu.<br>The aim of this project is to discuss through a historical perspective concerning museum management, the establishment, implementation and management of the Museu da Casa Brasileira under Ernani da Silva Bruno\'s administration between 1970 and 1979. The hypothesis under investigation was that Silva Bruno\'s administration, within the scope of public museums managed by the State Department of Culture, has found convenient circumstances to establish its museological activities in comparison to other experiences from previous times. Driven by a favourable environment promoted by the State\'s Cultural Policies, that had created a new bureaucratic structure a few years earlier, it was possible to build a museum with clear and coherent objectives. This process was embedded in the international context of transformations and new interpretations in the Museum Studies field, within the scope of the International Council of Museums - ICOM/ UNESCO in the 1970\'s. The objective of this investigation is to promote a better understanding of Silva Bruno\'s project, hoping to contribute to the Museum\'s current demands.
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Sundström, Olle. ""Vildrenen är själv detsamma som en gud" : "gudar" och "andar" i sovjetiska etnografers beskrivningar av samojediska världsåskådningar." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1951.
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This thesis examines strategies and practices, in Soviet ethnographic research, concerning terminologies for and classifications of what in research texts are conventionally called “supernatural beings” in the world views of the Samoyedic peoples. The question is put whether there are any general rules for the terminology used by scholars for these kinds of beings. The thesis also explores claims that a conventional ethnographic terminology, consisting of technical terms such as gods, goddesses, spirits, owners etc., leads to misinterpretations of the indigenous conceptions under study. By presenting, analysing and discussing Soviet scholars’ strategies and practices in this regard, the thesis is a contribution to the ongoing debate among historians of religions on the use of scientific terminology for beings in different world views. It is also, to a limited extent, a source critical investigation of Soviet research on the religions of the Samoyedic peoples. In chapter 2 the international scholarly debate on terminology for so called supernatural beings is summarized and discussed. The principles for constructing concepts in general are also delineated, using prototype theory and a model for polythetic definition. In chapter 3 a survey over the purposes, main fields of interest, and theoretical and methodological development of Soviet ethnography is presented as an essential background to the investigation of individual ethnographic texts. Chapter 4 and 5 constitute the empirical part of the thesis, with a presentation and analysis of Soviet ethnographic descriptions of beings in the world views of the Samoyedic speaking Nenets, Enets, Sel’kup and Nganasan. Since findings on Nganasan world view in Soviet ethnography was seen as particularly viable for reconstructions of proposed primitive communist thought, matriarchal society, the origin of religion, and mankind’s development of beliefs in “spirits” and “gods”, chapter 5 is solely dedicated to the research on the Nganasan. In chapter 6 the result of the empirical part of the study is confronted with the questions put in chapter 1, as well as the theoretical and methodological conclusions of chapter 2. It is concluded that there is no typical Marxist-Leninist terminology for “supernatural beings”, but that certain developments regarding terminology and classifications in Soviet ethnography on the Samoyeds can be detected. These developments consists of (1) a growing awareness among ethnographers of the distinction between indigenous, emic and etic terminology – an awareness which makes their descriptions become more detailed and closer to the Samoyedic sources. (2) From the 1960s one can trace an ever deepening reliance on Marxist-Leninist theory in Soviet Samoyedology. In accordance with Marxist ideas about primeval society as matriarchal and non-religious, ethnographers focused more and more on (and discovered more) female beings in Samoyedic world views. They also interpreted the “beings” under study as remnants of a primeval materialistic world view and proposed explanations of their development from “natural” to “supernatural beings”. It is also concluded that there are no general rules for scientific terminology. Technical terms are chosen in accordance with the varying aims and theoretical standpoints of different scholars. Whether the terms are appropriate or not, depends on their transparency.
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Ryan, John Joseph. "Geography and the Construction of Character in Sallust’s Jugurtha." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1232986851.
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