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1

de Garis, Laurence. "Experiments in Pro Wrestling: Toward a Performative and Sensuous Sport Ethnography." Sociology of Sport Journal 16, no. 1 (March 1999): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.16.1.65.

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This paper examines epistemological and ontological issues in ethnographic research and texts. Based on my experiences as a subject in an ethnographic study of pro wrestling, I present an ethnography of the ethnographer. In this paper, I discuss problems arising from a hierarchy of understanding that privileges the ethnographer, the primacy of visualism, and a desire to penetrate and uncover hidden truths. I propose that a performative approach to ethnography recognizes the agency of the ethnographic object and opens access to other sensorial phenomena.
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2

Ugwu, Ugochukwu T. "The beginner’s odyssey: ethics, participant observation and its challenges in native ethnography." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 18 (December 5, 2022): 988–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i18.4.

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Classic anthropological fieldwork emphasized working „abroad‟ – that is, doing fieldwork in societies that were culturally and geographically distant from that of the ethnographer. More recent discussions of anthropological fieldwork have drawn attention to significance of working „at home‟ – including paying attention to the forms of social differentiation and marginalization present in the society to which the ethnographer belongs. There are arguments that native anthropologists are better qualified to study issues involving their group than outsiders are. This paper discusses the researcher’s field experience conducting native ethnography among the Nrobo of Southeastern Nigeria. This study adopted ethnographic methods of participant observation – adopting chitchatting and semi-structured interviews. Also, focus group discussion (FGD) was used to cross-check the validity of data from the other instrument. This study found among other things, that conducting native ethnography is a challenge to the ethnographer. The mutual intelligibility does not guarantee quick rapport instead it sets up suspicion. Furthermore, ethical issues in ethnographic research are culturally relative. The Nrobo case stipulates time value and as such reward is expected for every task that takes up their time. Also security threat poses challenges to native ethnography. This study, to the best of my knowledge, is the first attempt to conducting native ethnography among this group. As such it adds to the corpus of ethnographies on the Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria.
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3

Srinarwati, Dwi Retnani. "THE DISCLOSURE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE AND ITS EXPRESSION IN CULTURAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (July 24, 2018): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v1i2.18.

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One of the key concepts of cultural studies in dealing with "living culture" is the experience and how to articulate it. The articulation of an experience must avoid pure meaning and the addition of excessive analysis. The pattern of interaction, lifestyle, and mind-set observed will bring the ethnographer at the correct level of articulation. In research, cultural studies develop ethnographic methods. Ethnography is a form of socio-cultural research characterized by an in-depth study of the diversity of socio-cultural phenomena of a society. The study was conducted using primary data collection with interview guidelines; research in one or more cases in depth and comparability; data analysis through the interpretation of the function and meaning of thought and action, resulting in the description and analysis verbally. Reality shows that ethnographs often express the experience of "large groups" and reveal less "disadvantaged" parties. Finally a new approach to the research of "new ethnography" is proposed that aims at developing a way of learning and writing that allows the ethnographer to more accurately understand and reveal and articulate the reality of others' lives. New ethnographic practices are often characterized by various strategies, such as collaboration, self-reflexivity, and polvocality. However, coming to its logical conclusion, the new ethnographic search to become a reality for the different realities of life makes one unable to judge between them.
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4

Gibson, Kass, and Michael Atkinson. "Beyond Boundaries: The Development and Potential of Ethnography in the Study of Sport and Physical Culture." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 18, no. 6 (January 22, 2018): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708617750177.

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Ethnographic approaches to the study of sport and physical culture have developed primarily within physical education and kinesiology programs and are typically framed in dialogue with sociological theorizing of agency, structure, power, and inequality. Beginning with reference to anthropology and sociology, we review the emergence, development, and subsequent transdisciplinary travels of ethnographic study of sport and physical culture. In doing so, we underscore the importance of theory, context, and disciplinary tradition in the development of sporting ethnographies. We then critically outline the place of ethnography in physical cultural studies (PCS). Rather than exhuming existing debates about the originality and uniqueness of the PCS enterprise, we highlight the need to decenter the hyper-reflexive researcher and advocate for the consideration of pleasure in ethnographic studies to achieve the interventionist goals PCS protagonists set themselves.
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5

Chun, Bohkyung. "Doing autoethnography of social robots: Ethnographic reflexivity in HRI." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 10, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2019-0019.

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AbstractOriginating from anthropology, ethnographic reflexivity refers to ethnographers’ understanding and articulation of their own intervention to participants’ activities as innate study opportunities which affect quality of the ethnographic data. Despite of its methodological discordance with scientific methods which minimize researchers’ effects on the data, validity and effectiveness of reflexive ethnography have newly been claimed in technology studies. Inspired by the shift, I suggest potential ways of incorporating ethnographic reflexivity into studies of human-robot social interaction including ethnographic participant observation, collaborative autoethnography and hybrid autoethnography. I presume such approaches would facilitate roboticists’ access to human conditions where robots’ daily operation occurs. A primary aim here is to fill the field’s current methodological gap between needs for better-examining robots’ social functioning and a lack of insights from ethnography, prominent socio-technical methods. Supplementary goals are to yield a nuanced understanding of ethnography in HRI and to suggest embracement of reflexive ethnographies for future innovations.
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6

Coates, Dominiek, and Christine Catling. "The Use of Ethnography in Maternity Care." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 8 (January 2021): 233339362110281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23333936211028187.

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While the value of ethnography in health research is recognized, the extent to which it is used is unclear. The aim of this review was to map the use of ethnography in maternity care, and identify the extent to which the key principles of ethnographies were used or reported. We systematically searched the literature over a 10-year period. Following exclusions we analyzed 39 studies. Results showed the level of detail between studies varied greatly, highlighting the inconsistencies, and poor reporting of ethnographies in maternity care. Over half provided no justification as to why ethnography was used. Only one study described the ethnographic approach used in detail, and covered the key features of ethnography. Only three studies made reference to the underpinning theoretical framework of ethnography as seeking to understand and capture social meanings. There is a need to develop reporting guidelines to guide researchers undertaking and reporting on ethnographic research.
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7

M, Sankar. "Sangam Literary Short Poems - Ethnographic Perspective." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (September 21, 2021): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21418.

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Anthropology is the science of being able to talk about man. There are various disciplines in anthropology. Cultural anthropology is one of them. There are two divisions in this cultural anthropology. One of them is ethnography; The other is Ethnology. Of these, ethnographic research appeared in the early 19th century. Ethnography is the study of all kinds of traditions found in a particular group of people or in a particular area. Those who write this will be called "ethnographers". Ethnography is the study of how a person of a particular culture views his or her culture from that perspective. Today, they are writing about the culture of their people. This is what we call "Tinaisar inavariviyal". Cultural studies also form the basis of ethnographic research. Ethnographic research is helpful in examining the culture of a particular ethnic group. That is why ethnographic research may have laid its scepter in the fields of social anthropology, cultural anthropology and folklore. In Short Ethnography is the process of penetrating the life of a particular ethnic group. In this way one can understand the Civilization and Culture. As we seek to explain a particular group and their culture, we begin to act with certain elements in mind. In that sense Bhagwatsala Bharathi exemplifies 37 elements of ethnography in his Cultural Anthropology. These elements contribute to penetrating the lives of a particular ethnic group. In this way one can understand the civilization and culture of the Peoples. Kuṟiñcittiṇai is one of the four geographical categories referred to as Tolkappiyam. There are 488 poems about in the Sangam literature. The purpose of this article is to evaluate these collections on the basis of Ethnographical Study, with a collection of Sangam literary Kuṟiñcittiṇai Poems. It explores the Material, Cultural, Occupations, Rituals, and Beliefs of the people of Kurinji.
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Harwati, Lusia Neti. "Ethnographic and Case Study Approaches: Philosophical and Methodological Analysis." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.2p.150.

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In qualitative methods, there are various approaches that can be used to answer particular social questions, for example ethnography and case study. Two studies conducted by different researchers in China and Australia using these approaches were described and analysed in order to find out their similarities and differences in terms of philosophical and methodological perspectives, in the hope that it will provide an insightful contribution to a critical review of ethnography and case study reports. It is found that the ethnograpic study in China was clasiffied in ethnographic fieldwork, whereas the case study conducted in Australia was categorised in explanatory, multi-cases study. Furthermore, these two studies produced different knowledge within the field of education. The first study revealed that basic education were related to literacy, numeracy, and cultural characteristics of China, whereas the study conducted in Australia offered statistical data that can be used to explain minority languages maintenance program in Wollongong-Shellharbour. In relation to their methodoligal practices, however, focus group discussion and interview conducted in Zhejiang Province, China produced irrelevant data and those had been held in Wollongong, Australia, had limited participants.
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Belykh, S. K. "A NEW STUDY ON THE ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE UDMURTS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 4 (August 25, 2019): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-4-674-678.

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The text is a review of a relatively recently published monograph by I. Kosareva “Ethnographic groups of the Udmurt people (an attempt of definition)”. This book is devoted to the problem of definition of the Udmurt ethnographical groups. Up to nowadays in the ethnographical literature the division of the Udmurt people was based mainly on general historical and ethnographical considerations, as well as on the well-known facts of self-identification of some groups. The Udmurts were divided into the Northern, Southern, Central, Trans-Kama, Trans-Vyatka and some other groups (the Bessermians, the Vatka Udmurts etc.) At the same time, the boundaries between these groups were rather uncertain, and the criteria for their allocation were not sufficiently clear and definite. Based on the works of her predecessors, archival materials and her own historical and ethnographic research, the author offers a new version of the classification of ethnographic groups of the Udmurts.
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10

Middleton, Townsend, and Eklavya Pradhan. "Dynamic duos: On partnership and the possibilities of postcolonial ethnography." Ethnography 15, no. 3 (August 20, 2014): 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138114533451.

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This article brings anthropologist and research assistant into mutually reflective critique of one another, the researcher–assistant dynamic, and the challenges of fieldwork in contemporary India. The authors have worked together in the politically charged, ethnologically saturated context of ‘tribal’ Darjeeling since 2006. To realize the potential of their partnership, Middleton and Pradhan were forced to come to creative terms with the problematic legacy of anthropology in South Asia. Working with – and ultimately through – the colonialities at hand, they have pursued a ‘postcolonial ethnography’ replete with new objects of analysis, new modes of study, and new forms of ethnographic connectivity. Asking what made them work as a dynamic duo and what ethnographic possibilities exist in the postcolonial era, ethnographer and assistant here come together to reflect upon and reproduce the dialogics of ethnographic practice, so as to explore the characters, conditions, and im/possibilities of contemporary ethnography – postcolonial and otherwise.
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11

Zabiyako, Anna A., and Olga E. Tsmykal. "Literary Ethnography in Lyrical Text (Poetic Ethnographism by Larissa Andersen)." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 1 (February 2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-1-45-55.

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The relevance of the study determines the interest of modern literary criticism in various forms of artistic understanding of ethnographic realities by Russian writers in Manchuria in the first half of the 20th century (literary ethnography). The novelty of the research lies in the study of the lyrical experiments of literary ethnography. The research problem is to determine the specificity of the lyrical method of ethnographic reflection and the creation of an image of artistic perception. The research methodology is based on the structural and semantic analysis of prose texts by Larissa Andersen, addressed to ethnographic material. The authors explore the methods of creating her artistic images of perception of China, Korea, and Japan through the analysis of narrative strategies, the system of image-concepts, and archetypal images of a foreign culture. Research methods: historical-literary, structural-semantic, method of mythological reconstructions, comparative analysis of the translation with the original. The authors state that the literary ethnography of the Far East in various genre and stylistic forms is developing in the literature of the Far Eastern emigration. The most convincing experiences of artistic ethnography, scientific and artistic beginnings are balanced, presented in the narratives of scientific writers N. Baikov and P.Shkurkin, and later genre modifications of M. Shcherbakov, V. Mart, B. Yulsky, focused on research and book experience. Lyrical reflection of ethnographic material has its own specifics. The authors compared the experiences of creating ethnographic lyrics and prose by Larissa Andersen and came to the following conclusions: despite the lack of well-founded scientific knowledge, in her ethnographic essays, on the one hand, her individual ability to comprehend the essence of the observed phenomenon and capture the artistic image of the perception of another culture in capacious detail-concept (mythologeme, characteristic, ethno-stereotype, meta-image), on the other hand, there is an interest in Chinese literary sources and ethnographic texts of predecessors (S. Alymova and others). A characteristic technique for creating an artistic image of perception in essays is the form of personal “narration”, bringing the point of view of the perceiving consciousness of the author and the reader closer together. Keywords: literary ethnography, poetic ethnographism, image of perception, literature of the Far Eastern emigration, Russian Harbin
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12

Morris, Gaye Williams. "Alleluia: An Ethnographic Study." Journal of Contemporary Religion 34, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 600–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2019.1661644.

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13

Hall, G. "An ethnographic diary study." ELT Journal 62, no. 2 (July 21, 2006): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccm088.

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14

Jurasek, Richard, Howard Lamson, and Patricia O’Maley. "Ethnographic Learning While Studying Abroad." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 2, no. 1 (November 15, 1996): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v2i1.24.

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This article outlines the theories and applications of ethnography on study abroad programs in an exploration of student learning processes throughout the experience. The first section presents an overview of ethnographic approaches and discusses ethnography as a learning and teaching tool on study abroad. The second section analyzes three student ethnographic projects carried out over a ten-week period in Mexico and in Austria. Finally, the last section emphasizes the importance of ethnographic projects as an intensified experience by which students develop insights through an ongoing reflective and interactive process.
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Irshad, Momina, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry, and Shagufta Hamid Ali. "ETHNOGRAPHY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i4.416.

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This research study has a mission to highlight the nature of the ethnographic research method, how it came into existence, its purpose of it, what type of tools it uses, what are its limitations, and what significance it induces in Pakistan’s research. Ethnography is also defined as the manifestation of writing a textual context after the conduction of a long, complex process. Ethnographic viewpoints are established depending upon the way of work is conducted. It leads the ethnographer to enter the world every day. It encourages extracting the information about a community under study in cultural contexts. Ethnographic study goals can be accomplished within the standard time of a year which is a minimum requirement. As per the research criteria, it can also take more than a year. However, it is also true that sometimes due to more specific and focused research it takes very little time as compared to the standard time to cover the whole culture of the community of interest. This research paper is based on the SLR methodology. A total of 100 of the articles were identified and retrieved from one of the databases HEC National Digital Library. After identification, 05 research articles were evaluated for data synthesis. For SLR implication, the researcher has collected literature information purposefully that induces to conduct methodological analysis without or with very less biasness. The main thrust of SLR was the formulation of a general view regarding the specific research question of the current study and giving it a literature summary. Application of SLR methodology is found significant to employ in development-planning research in Pakistan based on Ethnography. KEYWORDS Ethnographic research method, Culture Study, Emic and Etic perspectives, Ethnography classification.
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Cupit, Caroline, Nicola Mackintosh, and Natalie Armstrong. "Using ethnography to study improving healthcare: reflections on the ‘ethnographic’ label." BMJ Quality & Safety 27, no. 4 (February 20, 2018): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007599.

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Lie, Jon Harald Sande. "Challenging Anthropology: Anthropological Reflections on the Ethnographic Turn in International Relations." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 41, no. 2 (November 12, 2012): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829812463835.

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Ethnography and anthropology are intrinsically linked, but recently other disciplines have started to draw inspiration from anthropological methods. The ongoing ethnographic turn in International Relations has spurred debate on what ethnography is, what it means and entails in practice, and how to apply it in International Relations. Some assert that the ethnographic turn could not have taken place without adopting a selective and antiquated notion of ethnography; others counter that this argument draws on a caricatured version of ethnography. This article offers one anthropologist’s reflections on these issues, drawing on ethnographic work within an international organisation and a state apparatus – both of which are areas of study more common in International Relations than in anthropology. This is not an International Relations turn of anthropology, but the practical and methodological challenges it involves are relevant to the ethnographic turn of International Relations and the disjuncture between the ethnographic ideals and anthropological practice.
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Lippert, Ingmar, and Julie Sascia Mewes. "Data, Methods and Writing." Science & Technology Studies 34, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.110597.

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Methods have been recognised in STS as mattering for a long time. STS ethnographies establish a boundary object with which STS scholars weave a pattern: From such ethnographic accounts we learn that knowledge is produced locally. Ethnography has over the recent decades been highlighted as a key method in STS. And that STS ethnography is specifically shaped by being often configured to consider its forms of collaboration or intervention in the field. This special issue focuses on how methods matter, specifically on how STS ethnographic collaboration and its data are translated into ethnographic writing, or performative of other reality effects. Exploring STS’s own methods-in-action brings to attention the messy landscape of method practice. Our objective in this exploration is to develop a genre of writing about method that fosters response-ability and enables the audience of research output to position themselves between the research materials and practices that were invested into the study. This special issue hopes to contribute to STS engagement with its methods by way of methodography. Methodography serves as a genre of analytic writing, that articulates specificity and scrutinises the situated practices of producing STS knowledge.
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Deltsou, Eleftheria. "Teaching engaged ethnography and socio-cultural change: Participating in an urban movement in Thessaloniki, Greece." Teaching Anthropology 9, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22582/ta.v8i2.519.

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How can ethnographic research be taught? What kinds of ethnographic environments are involved in the study of contemporary socio-cultural issues? How / where can socio-cultural change be spotted? Where do ethnographic reflexivity and engaged ethnography stand with regard to comprehending and furthering socio-cultural change? Can/should ethnographic work fully conflate with critical activism? Can the teaching of engaged ethnographic research instigate critical awareness of the researcher’s positionality-ies? Considerations of the above questions will be endeavored via the participation of the author in an urban movement in Thessaloniki, Greece. Her double engagement as resident and academic teacher will expose the interrelatedness of these issues and the methodological, epistemological, and political implications that engaged ethnography raises.
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Butler, Jenny. "An ethnographic study of Irish Neo-Pagan culture." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2011 (January 1, 2011): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2011.4.

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The idea that Witches and Druids are real people who follow spiritual traditions with serious intent is a hard one to fathom for many people in contemporary society. The neo-pagan movement is strange and unfamiliar to the general public. Similarly, the research topic of neo-paganism is a relatively new one in academia. The primary aim of my research is to document neo-pagan culture from an ethnographic perspective. There have been very few academic works written on modern or “neo” (new) paganism and, as far as the author is aware at the time of writing, there has been no large-scale ethnographic work at all carried out exclusively on neo-paganism in Ireland, and in this respect the area of research is virgin territory for ethnographic analysis. Ethnography is the documentation and analysis of the culture of a specific group of people in regard to their beliefs, oral traditions (stories, songs and ways ...
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Schmid, Christian Johann. "Ethnographic Gameness: Theorizing Extra-methodological Fieldwork Practices in a Study of Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 50, no. 1 (October 17, 2020): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241620964945.

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This article theorizes the fieldwork experiences that I gained while studying outlaw biker subculture. Drawing on Bourdieu’s practice theory and Goffman’s dramaturgical interactionism, I argue that ethnography in practice is pre-disposed by the ethnographer’s primary habitus, which shapes symbolic interaction. To substantiate this claim, I disclose my own upbringing in a troubled working-class family and my personal ties with outlaw bikers, both prior to and beyond my research. This article then illustrates how my habitus helped me to compensate for the vagueness of ethnography in theory with regard to three recurrent issues of fieldwork, which are the practices of (1) approaching/entering the field, (2) negotiating participation, and (3) managing (un)fortunate circumstances. After reflecting on my cleft habitus as the buddy and/or researcher in ethnographic practice, this article concludes with the metaphor of gameness. This concept, which is borrowed from early prize fighting, is used to outline and label the ideal-type of the ethnographer who is well-suited for the immersion into deviant, criminalized, or otherwise culturally elitist fields.
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Aij, Kjeld Harald, Merel Visse, and Guy A. M. Widdershoven. "Lean leadership: an ethnographic study." Leadership in Health Services 28, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-03-2014-0015.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide a critical analysis of contemporary Lean leadership in the context of a healthcare practice. The Lean leadership model supports professionals with a leading role in implementing Lean. This article presents a case study focusing specifically on leadership behaviours and issues that were experienced, observed and reported in a Dutch university medical centre. Design/methodology/approach – This ethnographic case study provides auto-ethnographic accounts based on experiences, participant observation, interviews and document analysis. Findings – Characteristics of Lean leadership were identified to establish an understanding of how to achieve successful Lean transformation. This study emphasizes the importance for Lean leaders to go to the gemba, to see the situation for one’s own self, empower health-care employees and be modest. All of these are critical attributes in defining the Lean leadership mindset. Originality/value – In this case study, Lean leadership is specifically related to healthcare, but certain common leadership characteristics are relevant across all fields. This article shows the value of an auto-ethnographic view on management learning for the analysis of Lean leadership. The knowledge acquired through this research is based on the first author’s experiences in fulfilling his role as a health-care leader. This may help the reader examining his/her own role and reflecting on what matters most in the field of Lean leadership.
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WOLCOTT, HARRY F. "MAKING A STUDY “MORE ETHNOGRAPHIC”." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 19, no. 1 (April 1990): 44–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124190019001003.

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Kirschenbaum, Alan (Avi), Michele Mariani, Coen Van Gulijk, Sharon Lubasz, Carmit Rapaport, and Hinke Andriessen. "Airport security: An ethnographic study." Journal of Air Transport Management 18, no. 1 (January 2012): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2011.10.002.

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Singh, Jai Narayan, and Farhad Mollick. "Critical Perspective on Ethnographic Study." Asian Man (The) - An International Journal 10, no. 1 (2016): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6884.2016.00021.9.

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Werbińska, Dorota. "Wykorzystanie duoetnografii jako innowacyjnego podejścia w rozwijaniu refleksji przyszłych nauczycieli języka obcego." Neofilolog, no. 51/1 (January 8, 2019): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2018.51.1.5.

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Duo-ethnography is a research methodology, through which people of difference reconceptualise their histories of a particular phenomenon in juxtaposition with one another. Although initiated by researchers, duo- ethnographies can also be used as an innovative pedagogic tool that develops deep reflection in teacher candidates. After discussing the efficacy of duo-ethnography, a onesemester-long duo-ethnographic study is escribed, which was conducted by the author with six preservice English teachers. In the study, the participants worked in pairs (duo) and reflected on their own understandings of language teaching and learning (stage one), themselves as learners and future language teachers on the basis of the data from stage one (stage two), their conversational partners as learners and teachers on the basis of the data from stage one (stage three) and, finally, on the value of the duo-ethnographic project in language teacher preparation courses from their own perspective (stage four). The presentation ends with the author’s remarks about the project as a learning tool that undoubtedly encourages students to reflect but, on the other hand, has limitations that have to be acknowledged if duo- ethnography is employed as a pedagogic instrument in the classroom context.
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Fu, Diana, and Erica S. Simmons. "Ethnographic Approaches to Contentious Politics: The What, How, and Why." Comparative Political Studies 54, no. 10 (June 25, 2021): 1695–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00104140211025544.

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How should we study contentious politics in an era rife with new forms of contention, both in the United States and abroad? The introduction to this special issue draws attention to one particularly crucial methodological tool in the study of contention: political ethnography. It showcases the ways in which ethnographic approaches can contribute to the study of contentious politics. Specifically, it argues that “what,” “how,” and “why” questions are central to the study of contention and that ethnographic methods are particularly well-suited to answering them. It also demonstrates how ethnographic methods push scholars to both expand the objects of inquiry and rethink what the relevant units of analysis might be. By uncovering hidden processes, exploring social meanings, and giving voice to unheard stories, ethnography and “ethnography-plus” approaches contribute to the study of contention and to comparative politics, writ large.
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Ghimire, Nani Babu. "Review on Ethical Issues in Ethnographic Study: Some Reflections." Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal 5, no. 1 (October 25, 2021): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/craiaj.v5i1.40485.

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Consideration of ethical issues in an ethnographic study is a significant matter to draw trustworthy findings and conclusions for the qualitative researchers. They need to be sensitive and honest on following the principles of ethical consideration while they are engaging in ethnographic research either in data collection or writing research papers. In this paper, I have employed literature review and self-reflective methodology to draw attention of the ethnographers to consider the ethical issues in doing ethnography. The findings and discussion have revealed that the ethnographic researchers should review the ethical aspects of their study from the Institutional Review Board; they must work in a natural setting to discover realistic experiences and/or struggles of the participants by respecting their cultural sensitivity and gaining permission and access to them as voluntary participants in the study. Moreover, the ethnographers need to take informed consent from their participants by securing confidentiality, maintaining anonymity, developing reciprocity, and preserving honesty for them in the research. Likewise, it is found that the ethnographic researcher must be conscious not to harm their participants during research work, and they should not fabricate their data, falsify the interpretation and plagiarize the already published materials in their research paper.
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Čekuolytė, Aurelija. "Ethnography in sociolinguistic studies of youth language." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2012.17253.

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In Lithuanian sociolinguistics ethnography is a new method; there are no comprehensive ethnographic studies. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to ethnography and to show why it is important to include ethnography in linguistic studies and how this method can enrich the analysis of linguistic material. When applying the ethnographic method it is not only possible to provide a picture of the distribution of linguistic variables in the community, but also to discover the social meaning which is associated with those variables. What is unique about ethnography is that it allows the scientist to discover social meanings instead of presupposing them and to examine the construction and organization of the social meaning of linguistic variables. Even though ethnographic studies are often treated as case studies, the results of a well-constructed ethnographic study are reliable and replicable, for instance, the ethnographically discovered social categories and social meanings, associated with them, can be tested in a different community with a help of match-guise technique. Following the sociolinguistic wave theory, I explain how and why ethnography has been employed in sociolinguistic studies. The studies in the first sociolinguistic wave applied survey and quantitative methods to examine the relation between linguistic variation and the traditional social categories – class, age, sex, and ethnicity. However, the quantitative methods were not sufficient enough in explaining which social mechanisms caused linguistic variation. Studies in the second wave employed ethnography in order to find the relation between linguistic variation and locally determined social categories. Studies in the third wave departed from the dialect-based approach of the first two waves, employed stylistic practice approach and examined any linguistic material that is socially meaningful in the community. I also discuss the main aspects of ethnographic method: participant observation, fieldnotes, ethnographic interview and other types of interviews. I come in with advice for researchers who plan to use ethnography in their research. The examples of ethnographic studies that I’m using in my paper are mostly taken from studies of youth language. Nevertheless, the paper can also be useful to any researcher who is willing to conduct an ethnographic sociolinguistic study.
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Gertner, Alex K., Joshua Franklin, Isabel Roth, Gracelyn H. Cruden, Amber D. Haley, Erin P. Finley, Alison B. Hamilton, Lawrence A. Palinkas, and Byron J. Powell. "A scoping review of the use of ethnographic approaches in implementation research and recommendations for reporting." Implementation Research and Practice 2 (January 2021): 263348952199274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633489521992743.

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Background: Researchers have argued for the value of ethnographic approaches to implementation science (IS). The contested meanings of ethnography pose challenges and possibilities to its use in IS. The goal of this study was to identify sources of commonality and variation, and to distill a set of recommendations for reporting ethnographic approaches in IS. Methods: We included in our scoping review English-language academic journal articles meeting two criteria: (1) IS articles in the healthcare field and (2) articles that described their approach as ethnographic. In March 2019, we implemented our search criteria in four academic databases and one academic journal. Abstracts were screened for inclusion by at least two authors. We iteratively develop a codebook for full-text analysis and double-coded included articles. We summarized the findings and developed reporting recommendations through discussion. Results: Of the 210 articles whose abstracts were screened, 73 were included in full-text analysis. The number of articles increased in recent years. Ethnographic approaches were used within a wide variety of theoretical approaches and research designs. Articles primarily described using interviews and observational methods as part of their ethnographic approaches, though numerous other methods were also employed. The most cited rationales for using ethnographic approaches were to capture context-specific phenomena, understand insiders’ perspective, and study complex interactions. In reporting on ethnographic approaches, we recommend that researchers provide information on researcher training and position, reflect on researchers’ positionality, describe observational methods in detail, and report results from all the methods used. Conclusion: The number of IS studies using ethnography has increased in recent years. Ethnography holds great potential for contributing further to IS, particularly to studying implementation strategy mechanisms and understanding complex adaptive systems. Plain language summary: Researchers have proposed that ethnographic methods may be valuable to implementation research and practice. Ethnographic approaches have their roots in the field of anthropology, but they are now used in many fields. These approaches often involve a researcher spending time in “real-world” settings, conducting interviews and observation to understand a group of people. That said, researchers disagree on the meaning of ethnography, which presents a challenge to its use in implementation science (IS). We searched for articles in the field of IS that described their methods as ethnographic. We then reviewed the articles, looking for similarities and differences in how and why ethnographic approaches were used. Many of these articles said they used ethnographic methods because they were interested in issues like context, research participants’ views, and complex interactions. We found a large amount of variation in how ethnographic methods were used. We developed recommendations for describing ethnographic methods in a way that readers can clearly understand. We also made several observations of the value ethnographic approaches can bring to IS. Ethnographic methods may be especially useful to studying unplanned and unexpected changes that take place during implementation. These recommendations and observations could be helpful to implementation researchers wishing to use ethnographic methods.
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T. Junaidi and Mufti Riyani. "PEMETAAN RAGAM HIAS ACEH DALAM KAJIAN GEOGRAFI BUDAYA DAN ETNOGRAFI." Jurnal Koridor 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2018): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v9i2.1369.

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Ornament is a symbol of cultural identity in a society that is in tune with the essence as homo symbolicus. The process spawned a culture in the development of decoration that is specific typical by region or culture. This study intends to acquire mapping in order to facilitate the identification of decorative ornamentation Acehnese, because in creative economy industry appears uniform and does not address the real wealth Aceh. Mapping the typical decorative loacl region these cultures can be analyzed based on the study of geographical and ethnographic analysis that refers to a system of understanding of space and time which embraced the people of Aceh. This study utilizes ethnographic methods to move select projects ethnography, collecting ethnographic data, creation of ethnographic recordings, analysis and writing ethnography. The result showed that the outline of decorative Aceh can be divided into pattern Aceh East Coast, West Coast and Interior Styling Aceh. This study is expected to be the conservation of the wealth of decorative Aceh so can be used in a variety of media culture in the future.
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Wakimoto, Diana K. "Ethnographic Methods are Becoming More Popular in LIS Research." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 1 (March 14, 2013): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8bs5p.

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A Review of: Khoo, M., Rozaklis, L., & Hall, C. (2012). A survey of the use of ethnographic methods in the study of libraries and library users. Library & Information Science Research, 34(2), 82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.lisr.2011.07.010 Objective – To determine the number of ethnographic studies of libraries and library users, where these studies are published, how researchers define ethnography, and which methods are used by the researchers. Design – Literature survey. Setting – The researchers are located at Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America. Subjects – 81 ethnographic studies of libraries and library users. Methods – The researchers conducted a literature survey, starting with a pilot study of selected library and information science (LIS) journals, to find ethnographic studies and to determine key terms in research using ethnographic methods. The researchers used these terms in the main study to identify more LIS research using ethnographic methods. The same journals used in the pilot study were then searched online as part of the main study, along with three LIS databases (LISA, LISTA, LLIS). The researchers also searched the open web in order to capture grey literature in the LIS field. All literature found, including those sources found through secondary citations, was screened for inclusion in coding. Studies with non-LIS settings were excluded as were studies that utilized non-ethnographic methods. The screened studies were coded to determine categories of methods used. Main Results – The researchers found 81 articles, reports, and conference presentations that used ethnographic methods, which they compiled into a bibliography. This is an order of magnitude larger than that found by previous literature surveys. Of these studies, 51.9% were published after 2005. The majority (64.2%) of the studies were published in journals. Many studies did not provide clear or detailed definitions of ethnography and the definitions that were provided varied widely. The researchers identified themes which had been used to support ethnographic methods as a research methodology. These included using ethnographic methods to gain richer insight into the subjects’ experiences, to collect authentic data on the subjects’ experiences, and to allow flexibility in the methods chosen. They also included the use of multiple data collection methods to enable data triangulation. The five main method categories found in the literature were: observation, interviews, fieldwork, focus groups, and cultural probes. Conclusion – Based on the relatively large number of ethnographic studies identified when compared to previous literature surveys and on the upward trend of publication of ethnographic research over the past five years, the authors noted that their overview study (and resultant compilation of literature from disparate sources) was important and time-saving for researchers who use or are beginning to use ethnography as a research methodology.
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Jenkins, Kathleen E. "Faith in Ethnographic Process." Ecclesial Practices 3, no. 2 (November 21, 2016): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22144471-00302004.

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This article addresses methodological points related to ethnography that are not found as commonly in social scientific methods sections: the anxiety related to the development of ethnographic research question(s), decisions regarding sampling, and the extensive process of coding and analysis. I argue that embracing serendipity in ethnographic research and developing trust in an analytic method is a valuable stance for addressing sociological and practical theological questions in the study of dynamic religious communities.
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Ophir, Yotam, Dror Walter, and Eleanor R. Marchant. "A Collaborative Way of Knowing: Bridging Computational Communication Research and Grounded Theory Ethnography." Journal of Communication 70, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 447–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa013.

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Abstract One of the great strengths of the field of communication is its interdisciplinarity. Yet this strength brings challenges, including rifts between diverse subfields. In this study, we illustrate the rich potential of collaborations across subfields. Specifically, we argue that due to often-overlooked epistemological similarities, unsupervised machine learning and grounded theory ethnography subfields are well-suited for an especially enriching collaboration. To demonstrate, a team of computational and ethnographic researchers together applied the analysis of topic model networks approach to ethnographic field notes. We illustrate how the inclusion of the ethnographer in the modeling stages, and of the computational researchers in the analysis stages, led to mutual reflexivity affecting every stage of the study, enabling profound reflections on the technical, conceptual, and theoretical pillars of both subfields. We conclude by discussing the potential future of such collaborative ways of knowing to open doors for cutting-edge interdisciplinary research for the new information era.
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Järventie-Thesleff, Rita, Minna Logemann, Rebecca Piekkari, and Janne Tienari. "Roles and identity work in “at-home” ethnography." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 5, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-07-2016-0015.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on carrying out “at-home” ethnography by building and extending the notion of roles as boundary objects, and to elucidate how evolving roles mediate professional identity work of the ethnographer. Design/methodology/approach In order to theorize about how professional identities and identity work play out in “at-home” ethnography, the study builds on the notion of roles as boundary objects constructed in interaction between knowledge domains. The study is based on two ethnographic research projects carried out by high-level career switchers – corporate executives who conducted research in their own organizations and eventually left to work in academia. Findings The paper contends that the interaction between the corporate world and academia gives rise to specific yet intertwined roles; and that the meanings attached to these roles and role transitions shape the way ethnographers work on their professional identities. Research limitations/implications These findings have implications for organizational ethnography where the researcher’s identity work should receive more attention in relation to fieldwork, headwork, and textwork. Originality/value The study builds on and extends the notion of roles as boundary objects and as triggers of identity work in the context of “at-home” ethnographic research work, and sheds light on the way researchers continuously contest and renegotiate meanings for both domains, and move from one role to another while doing so.
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Hastings, Jesse. "50,000 Frequent Flier Miles: Thoughts on a Multi-Sited Organizational Ethnography." Practicing Anthropology 35, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.35.2.a474132344627j64.

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George Marcus (1995:96), in a 1995 paper, defined multi-sited ethnography as "moving out from single sites and local situations of conventional ethnographic research designs to circulation of cultural meanings, objects, and identities in diffuse time-space." In the 18 years since, multi-sited ethnography as an object of study and practice has gained immense popularity. Both scholars and practitioners have applied the concept to many phenomena, including migrations (Fitzgerald 2006) and commodity chains (Bestor 2001; Freidberg 2001). Several recent books explore the concept in depth (Coleman and Von Hellermann 2011; Falzon 2009). However, little of this work has directly focused upon organizational ethnographies, and less still has examined how applied anthropologists inside and outside of academia can design projects to ensure benefit to those informants who make these ethnographies possible.
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Parker-Jenkins, Marie. "Problematising ethnography and case study: reflections on using ethnographic techniques and researcher positioning." Ethnography and Education 13, no. 1 (November 17, 2016): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2016.1253028.

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38

Kamarusdiana, Kamarusdiana. "Studi Etnografi Dalam Kerangka Masyarakat Dan Budaya." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 6, no. 2 (March 22, 2019): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v6i2.10975.

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AbstractCommunities with all their cultures have quite strong sociological roots. Culture that results from social interaction makes a distinctive value in that society. The forerunner of culture is an important aspect in the social framework. Research on this aspect of culture uses ethnographic studies. In its implementation ethnography emphasizes the existing aspects of culture. This is an important feature of ethnographic studies. As ethnographic qualitative research conducts in-depth analysis of the culture under study. On the other hand, there is a fairly close link between ethnography and society and culture as a result of their creativity. Therefore, this linkage needs to be applied positively, where it is necessary to use ethnographic studies as an alternative form of conducting research on culture in the community.Keywords: Ethnography, Culture, Society AbstrakMasyarakat dengan segala kebudayaannya memiliki akar sosiologis yang cukup mengakar kuat. Kebudayaan yang dihasilkan dari interaksi sosial menjadikan nilai distingsi tersendiri dalam masyarakat tersebut. Cikal bakal kebudayaan merupakan aspek penting dalam kerangka sosial kemasyarakatan. Penelitian akan aspek kebudayaan ini menggunakan studi etnografi. Dalam implementasinya etnografi menekankan pada aspek kebudayaan yang ada. Hal inilah menjadi ciri penting dari studi etnografi. Sebagai penelitian kualitatif etnografi melakukan analisa secara mendalam terhadap kebudayaan yang diteliti. Disisi lain, terdapat keterkaitan yang cukup erat antara etnografi dengan masyarakat dan kebudayaan sebagai hasil kreatifitasnya. Oleh sebab itu, keterkaitan tersebut perlu diaplikasikan secara positif, di mana perlunya menggunakan studi etnografi sebagai bentuk alternatif dalam melaksanakan penelitian tentang kebudayaan di masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Etnografi, Kebudayaan, Masyarakat
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39

Golovnev, Ivan A. "Archival Ethnographic Films as a Historical Source." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2018): 692–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-692-703.

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The article draws on text and visual archival documents to study nature and informative value of Soviet ethnographic films. Ethnographic cinema is a phenomenon almost unstudied by both ethnography and cinematology. Analyzing an illustrative experience of film director A. A. Litvinov and researcher V. K. Arsenyev, who were at tip of the spear in Soviet ethnocinema, the author investigates effective methodology of their scientific and cinematographic work: from script based on scientific texts to lengthy ethnographic filming expeditions to editing of the films assisted by scientific advisors. The choice of the chronological framework rests on the fact that late 1920s – early 1930s was a time of growth for ethnographic filming in the Soviet Union, characterized by both quantity and quality of ethnographic films. It was a time when a panorama of ethnographic films about different peoples of the multinational Soviet country was created, in production of the most significant of these professional scientists were involved. A series of ethnographic films about ethnic groups of Primorye (the Udege), Kamchatka (the Koryaks, the Lamuts), and Chukotka (the Chukchi), a collaboration of A. A. Litvinov and V.K. Arsenyev, received recognition from the public, and also from the scientific community. These film documents are among first photovisual records on the ethnography of the peoples of the Far East. From the point of view of ethnographic cinematology, the article concludes that ethnographic films, if approached scientifically, become a form of research, film as a ‘document’ of the period providing historical and ethnographic data. Little-studied archival ethnographic films are a promising area of research, well deserving being included into the scholarship. Their creators’ experience is of practical interest for modern ethno-cinematographers.
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Wilkinson, Michael. "SWENSON, Don. Alleluia: An Ethnographic Study." PentecoStudies: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements 18, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/pent.38783.

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41

Leyton, Elliott H., and Eugenia Shanklin. "Donegal's Changing Traditions: An Ethnographic Study." Anthropologica 33, no. 1/2 (1991): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25605623.

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42

de Carvalho, Lucas Couto, Ingunn Sandaker, and Gunnar Ree. "An Ethnographic Study of Tagging Cultures." Behavior and Social Issues 26, no. 1 (May 2017): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/bsi.v26i0.6621.

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43

Harris, Rosemary, and Eugenia Shanklin. "Donegal's Changing Traditions: An Ethnographic Study." Man 21, no. 4 (December 1986): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2802934.

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44

Sharp, Helen, and Hugh Robinson. "An Ethnographic Study of XP Practice." Empirical Software Engineering 9, no. 4 (December 2004): 353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:emse.0000039884.79385.54.

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45

Kogan, S. L., and M. J. Muller. "Ethnographic study of collaborative knowledge work." IBM Systems Journal 45, no. 4 (2006): 759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/sj.454.0759.

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46

Scott, Dorothy. "Inter-agency conflict: an ethnographic study." Child Family Social Work 2, no. 2 (February 1997): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2206.1997.00048.x.

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47

Curtis, Patrick A. "An ethnographic study of pregnancy counseling." Clinical Social Work Journal 18, no. 3 (1990): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00755099.

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48

Kharel, Dipesh. "Visual Ethnography, Thick Description and Cultural Representation." Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 9 (December 7, 2015): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v9i0.14026.

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The purposes of this paper are threefold: to cover historical, theoretical and methodological overview of visual ethnography (photography and film) as a research tool in studying culture; to examine visual ethnography as a means of cultural representation, and to discuss visual ethnographic method with Clifford Geertz’s idea of “thick description”. I hope to bring some clarity and consensus to our understanding how visual ethnography can be an adequate research tool for “thick description” and a study of culture. Furthermore, in this paper, I begin by seeing visual ethnography in the context to visual anthropology, photography, ethnographic film, and semiotics.
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Pushkareva, N. L. "Study of scientific community by methods of ethnology: gender approach relevance." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 133, no. 4 (2020): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2020-133-4-100-116.

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The article describes the methodology and methods of ethnographic knowledge in the focus of their application in sociology and sociopsychology. The author turns to classical studies of M. Weber, G. Zimmel, P. Sorokin and others, who laid the foundation for the study of professional (including scientific) communities. Interdisciplinary interaction of scientific directions focused on the daily routine world, on identification of methods used by a person in society to perform routine actions, which eventually determined the research vector of ethnomethodology. The author describes the undertaken studies of the daily life of the scientific community in the conditions of the laboratory, the fixation of many actions taken by scientists that require additional microanalysis and explanations, anthropologization of the study of the scientific community, gender approach in ethnography of professions. The author considers the main task of the ethnographer of science in the study of daily practical routine activities of the scientist, in the design of «laboratory world» - social institutionalization of the scientific community. The gender aspect is important in the ethnography of science, focusing on the scientist as an active social subject, on gender inequality in scientific (academic, university) communities.
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Radhay, Rachael Anneliese. "The politics of translating ethnographic ideoscapes the death and life of Aida Hernandez: a border story." Cadernos de Tradução 41, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2021.e77054.

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The ecology of immigration discourse is an ideoscape in flux. It is a landscape constructed along human mobility, lifeworlds, ontological state security as well as along emotional and institutional complexities. There has been significant recent proliferation of border literature and ethnographies that represent narratives of migrants on the U.S-Mexico border. Ethnography as non-fiction literature documents border trajectories. This paper seeks to address how these trajectories are represented and or translated through a case study of the non-fiction work, The death and life of Aida Hernandez: a border story by Aaron Bobrow-Strain (2019) in which there is a distinct ecology in the ethos of ethnography and immigrant criminalization. This case study assesses therefore the relation between the politics of ethnographic ideoscapes, translation and agency based upon Critical Discourse Analysis (Wodak & Kollner, 2008; Wodak & Meyer, 2016) as well as evaluation and decision-making (Munday, 2012) when translating ethnography as a genre of represented voices.
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