Journal articles: 'Ethnicity Thailand'

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Kantamara, Kukdej. "The Buddha Image in Thailand." MANUSYA 7, no. 1 (2004): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00701001.

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Buddha images bear traits that are indicative of the ethnicity of their creators. The Thai Buddha images have unique characteristics which vary according to times and regions. This paper discusses the development in the artistic styles of the Thai schools of Buddha images, the characteristics of each school and the factors that influence it such as ethnicity and current culture.

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Bun, Chan Kwok, and Tong Chee Kiong. "Rethinking Assimilation and Ethnicity: The Chinese in Thailand." International Migration Review 27, no. 1 (1993): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546705.

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Bun, Chan Kwok, and Tong Chee Kiong. "Rethinking Assimilation and Ethnicity: The Chinese in Thailand." International Migration Review 27, no. 1 (March 1993): 140–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700107.

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This article critically re-examines some of the major hypotheses about the assimilation process in general and the assimilation of the Chinese in Thailand in particular. We argue that assimilation cannot be seen as a straight line, one-way, lineal process of the Chinese becoming Thai. At the very least, we suggest that assimilation be conceived as a two-way process which, in the long run, will leave the Chinese with something Thai and the Thai with something Chinese. The important theoretical question is no longer whether the Chinese in Thailand have been assimilated or not, but rather how they, as individuals and as a group, go about presenting themselves in their transactions with the Thai and other Chinese, and why. The analytical focus will thus be on the dynamics of social transactions within and between ethnic boundaries. What typically happens when an ethnic actor stays within his or her own ethnic boundary? What motivates him or her to cross it? The primordialists on the one hand and the situationists on the other answer these questions in seemingly contrasting ways. We maintain in this article that this need not be so. It is our suggestion that some fundamental, classical dichotomies in sociology, such as instrumental and expressive functions, public and private place, and secondary and primary status, be retrieved and used creatively as strategic conceptual building blocks in the overall task of theory-building in the field of ethnic studies.

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Hill, Ann Maxwell. "Chinese Funerals and Chinese Ethnicity in Chiang Mai, Thailand." Ethnology 31, no. 4 (October 1992): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3773423.

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Muttarak, Raya. "Domestic Service in Thailand: Reflection of Conflicts in Gender, Class and Ethnicity." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 35, no. 3 (October 2004): 503–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463404000256.

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This study discusses paid domestic service employment in Thailand. Disparities in income distribution in the country and elsewhere in Southeast Asia provide a supply of domestic workers. Despite being commonly known as an exporter of domestic workers, Thailand is in fact a primary importing country as well. Domestic service is an arena in which gender, class and ethnicity collide.

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Vail, Peter. "Thailand's Khmer as ‘invisible minority’: Language, ethnicity and cultural politics in north-eastern Thailand." Asian Ethnicity 8, no. 2 (June 2007): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631360701406247.

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Resminingayu, Dewi Hermawati. "REVISITING ETHNICITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA." Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 10, no. 3 (December 11, 2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v10i3.370.

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<p>To explain ethnicity, scholars have come to an endless discussion providing a wide spectrum of ethnicity throughout the world. Various perspectives have been suggested to comprehend the notion of ethnicity. To this point, there are three most well-known perspectives to explain this term, namely primordialism, instrumentalism, and constructivism approach. Most scholars commonly apply one approach to dissect a case study related to ethnicity. Few have ombined two approaches, for each approach seems to contradict one another. However, this paper suggests that those three approaches can be simultaneously applied if critically used to discern certain case studies related to ethnicity in Southeast Asia. This argument will be elaborated into the analysis of ethnic identity for the minority and majority groups in Indonesia and Thailand.</p>

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Hill, Ann Maxwell. "A Preliminary Perspective on Kinship and Ethnicity Among Chinese in Thailand." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 16, no. 2 (August 1985): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.16.2.143.

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Sricharoen, Thitiwan, Gertrud Buchenrieder, and Thomas Dufhues. "Universal health-care demands in rural Northern Thailand: Gender and ethnicity." Asia-Pacific Development Journal 15, no. 1 (August 23, 2010): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/77e46565-en.

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Selway, Joel. "Turning Malays into Thai-Men: Nationalism, Ethnicity and Economic Inequality in Thailand." South East Asia Research 15, no. 1 (March 2007): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000007780420480.

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Kama, Nonglaksana, and Munirah Yamirudeng. "Language Maintenanceand The Preservation of Ethnic Identity: A Case of Malay Muslims in Southern Thailand." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 8 (February 2, 2012): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v8i0.262.

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Language is known to have an effect on ethnic identity.For cultural groups who hold knowledge of ethnic language as a core value, language shift can lead to a loss of ethnic identity, cultural fragmentation and “non-authentic” expressions of ethnicity Thelanguage has played and is still playing a symbolic role in the evolution and maintenance of ethnic identity within the Malay Muslim community in southern Thailand. Itis significant to know how the Malay language was used as a symbol to create and sustain the Malay identity on the ways in which Malay Muslims today understand ethnic identity, and how ethnic language fits into their own ethnic self-identifications.This paper attempts to answer the question why Malay language constitutes a vital element in the maintenance of Malay ethnic identity among the Malays of southern Thailand.Two facts have been identified regarding the language and ethnicity link among Malay Muslims. First, Malay language is seen as a relevant ethno-cultural marker and its usage is limited within family, relatives and close friends. Second, Malay language is preserved along with Thai language, making many Malay Muslims bilingual, which is quite typical in the southern border provinces of Thailand.

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Munirah, Y. "Preserving Ethnic Identity through Native Language and Religion: A Case Study of the Malay-Muslims in Southern Thailand." global journal al thaqafah 8, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7187/gjat072018-5.

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The Malay language as an ethnic minority language for the Malay-Muslims in southern Thailand appears to have a religious meaning besides its cultural and ethnic significance indications. In a context of language contact like the one in Thailand, minority languages of ethnic groups are prone to change, attrition, and loss. The studies reviewed provide rich data illustrating an interdependent relationship between language and identity. The maintenance of an ethnic minority language plays a vital role in the maintenance of ethnicity, cultural identification, and religious conventions for many communities and vice versa. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to discuss how Malay as a native language and Islam as a religion are two main factors to preserve and sustain the Malay ethnic identity among the Malay Muslims of southern Thailand. It is important to examine the experiences, thoughts, and feelings of Malay Muslims about their native language and to observe whether Malay and Thai have different functions and context status from each other in their lives.

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Rhein, Douglas. "International University Students in Thailand: Shifting from Universalistic Models to an Ethnicity Matters Approach." Journal of Research in International Education 17, no. 3 (December 2018): 286–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475240918817412.

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Historically, much of the research on acculturation and adjustment was conducted on migrant and refugee populations. The start of the twenty first century has seen a surprising surge in a new immigrant class, mobile students, their characteristics differing from the social, political and economic refugees of the twentieth century. This article provides an overview of the literature related to the salient features of acculturation, adaptation and adjustment models as applied to international university students and the stressors they most frequently encounter. It recommends that future research transitions from universalistic mode-based inquiry to more nuanced approaches which emphasize an individual’s characteristics from country of origin or perceived ethnic identity. A social constructivist position which emphasizes the historical and ethnic relationships among the visiting students and the host nationals is most beneficial to understanding the contemporary international student adjustment paradigm.

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JITTIWUTIKARN, J., P. SAWANPANYALERT, N. RANGSIVEROJ, and P. SATITVIPAWEE. "HIV incidence rates among drug users in northern Thailand, 1993–7." Epidemiology and Infection 125, no. 1 (August 2000): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899004197.

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Drug use is a major mode of HIV transmission in Thailand. This study determined HIV incidence rates among drug users in a regional drug treatment centre in northern Thailand. A retrospective cohort of repeatedly-hospitalized drug users between 1993 and 1997 was formed and HIV incidence rates were calculated. The overall incidence was 11·44 per 100 person-years of observation. Gender, age, religion, ethnicity, education, employment, income, reasons for drug use, type of drugs, mode of use, spending on drugs, and referral for treatment are associated with HIV incidence. However, there are no associations between HIV incidence and history of treatment and mode of discharge from the centre. This implies that current treatment modality has no impact on HIV infection risk and other therapeutic approaches should be explored.

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Panyamanee, Pittikorn. "Heterogenising the Indian Hindu Diaspora in Thailand." Diaspora Studies 15, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/09763457-20220001.

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Abstract The Indian diaspora is a diverse community of migrants who live dispersed around the globe. This includes the situation of Indian emigration to Thailand, which has been ongoing for hundreds of years. Several scholars in Indian Diaspora Studies have previously contributed to an understanding of the different social groups of the heterogenous Indian diaspora in terms of ethnicities, religions, periods of migration, and social and political consciousness. However, Indian Diaspora Studies in Thailand undertaken by Thai scholars over the past decade have only focused on the Siamese Brahmin and the Thai-Indian Sikh and Muslim diaspora in Thailand, and have tended to view Hindu immigrants to Thailand as a homogeneous group. Their contribution is constrained by considering migrants only through the lens of ethnicity, and dualistically conceptualising ethnic boundaries between Indianness and Thainess as a result. This paper, in conversation with previous scholarship, applies the notion of heterogeneity to understand the complexity of the Indian Hindu diaspora in contemporary Thai societies. This article, based on case studies in the Chiang Mai province, asserts that the Thai-Indian Hindu diaspora consists of heterogeneous groups that utilise multi-ethnic-religious identities as cultural strategies to establish their self-identification. Therefore, the Indian Hindu diaspora in Thai society is associated with the (re)formation and recombination of traditional and modern diasporic types of consciousness, reflecting the complexity of the Indian Hindu diaspora in Thailand today.

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Ohnmar, Alan F. Geater, Than Winn, and Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong. "Penile oil injection, penile implantation and condom use among Myanmar migrant fishermen in Ranong, Thailand." Sexual Health 6, no. 3 (2009): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08077.

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Background: The present study describes sexual risk behaviours including penile oil injection and implantation among migrant Myanmar fishermen in Thailand, and their determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among 639 Myanmar fishermen in Ranong, Thailand was conducted in 1999 following in-depth interviews. Results: Prevalence of penile oil injection, penile implantation, and both practices were 48 (7.5%), 79 (12.4%) and nine (1.4%) respectively. Over one-third (38.6%) of those who had injected oil had various kinds of problems during sex. One-year period prevalence of sex with commercial sex workers (CSW) was higher in those with unusual practices than others (61.9% v. 22.8%, P < 0.0001). The condom use rate with CSW at all times was non-significantly lower among those with unusual practices (32.9%) than others (44.5%). From multivariate analysis, oil injections are associated with young age, low education, ethnicity, and longer stay in Thailand, whereas the duration of stay in Thailand is the only factor associated with the practice of penile implantation. Both oil injection (odds ratio 3.03, 95% confidence interval 1.39–6.60), and penile implantation (odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.19–3.99) have independent predictive risk of having sex with CSW in addition to other factors (younger age, single, and Walat boat type). Conclusion: These exorbitant practices were common, associated with not using condoms and probably resulted from the working environment in Thailand. Further study is needed to reduce this risk behaviour.

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Jacobs, BB. "Endemic Goitre in Highland Villages in Northern Thailand." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 2, no. 2 (April 1988): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053958800200208.

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Prevalence of goitre was recorded in seven hill tribe villages in Mae Hong Son Province in Northern Thailand. The prevalence rate ranged from 26% to 75% with 47% of the 874 people in the sample having goitre. The prevalence and size of goitre increased with age; a 75% rate was observed in individuals under the age of 40 years. There was no association of prevalence with altitude of residence or with ethnicity. However, socio-economic level was a possible source of variation in prevalence between ethnic groups within the most accessible and best developed village (Sob Pong). No cretins were observed in these villages nor in any of the 26 nearby villages with endemic goitre. There was no evidence that cretins were hidden or subjected to passive Infanticide. In the villages that had any measures to combat iodine deficiency, the measures were inadequate and reflected a lack of knowledge in both the providers and recipients of health care. A successful programme to eradicate iodine deficiency and its accompanying diseases will require careful planning, monitoring and evaluation with the individuality of each village taken into account.

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Sumarni, Sri. "Contextualization of Wasathiyah Values in Haji Sulong’s thoughts for Islamic Education Renewal in South Thailand." Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 7, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2018.71.265-287.

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Since Pattani region entered into a nation state of Thailand there have been various policies of assimilation toward the people of Southern Thailand. Until the present time, this policy has caused a conflict to both sides. The main problem is not about religious issues, but the ethnicity to maintain Malay-Muslim identity from Thai-Buddhist threats. Efforts to understand each other's identity, both Malay-Islamic and Thai-Buddhist can be continuously explored, such as: Islamic values as ummatan wasathan and Buddha’s Majjhima-patipada oriented to the idea of "middle way". Efforts to understand each other can be done through education starting from Early Childhood Education to Higher Education. Efforts to understand both identities can also be done by a figure, such as Haji Sulong. Haji Sulong's struggle was initially prioritized the renewal of the Islamic Education System in Pattani, both the management and the curriculum. But along with the royal policy that continues to pressure the people of Southern Thailand, Haji Sulong also plunged into the political world. Haji Sulong heroic values can be a transformative spirit for the people of South Thailand, such as: (1) Innovative value, (2) Caring values, (3) Values of love/empathy, (4) Prudence, (5) The value of self-control, (6) The value of justice, (7) The value of courage, and etc.

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Ketkaew, Chavis, and Phaninee Naruetharadhol. "Ethnicity and Job Satisfaction: Perspectives of Foreign Educators on Compensations in Khon Kaen City, Thailand." International Journal of Organizational Diversity 16, no. 2 (2016): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2328-6261/cgp/v16i02/13-21.

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Ricks, Jacob I. "Proud to be Thai: The Puzzling Absence of Ethnicity-Based Political Cleavages in Northeastern Thailand." Pacific Affairs 92, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2019922257.

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Fairfield. "Social Synchrony and Tuning Out: Karen Participation in Music, Tradition, and Ethnicity in Northern Thailand." Ethnomusicology 63, no. 3 (2019): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.63.3.0470.

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Charoensook, Palita, Panupong Upala, Amornrat Anuwatnonthakate, Thapakorn Ruanjai, and Tawatchai Apidechkul. "Pulmonary tuberculosis screening and quality of life among migrant workers, Northern Thailand." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 1052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10596.

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Introduction: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and to assess the quality of life and depression among the migrant workers in northern Thailand. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to elicit information among migrant workers in Chiang Rai and Pha Yao provinces, northern Thailand. Several standard forms including GeneXpert were used for data collection. A simple random sampling was used to select the companies and the study sample. Interview was conducted in a confidential room. Chi-square was used to detect the association between variables at the significant level α = 0.05. Results: Totally 467 migrant workers were recruited into the study, 97.9% were Myanmar national, 55.7% were males, and 51.4% were aged > 32 years. Only 2.1% were living in Thailand illegally, 23.8% had no health insurance, and 92.1% had monthly income at < 20,000 baht. Eight cases (1.71%) were at risk of TB disease from the screening, only one case was positive for TB disease from GeneXpert, and no multi-drug resistant detected. 47.5% had a low level of knowledge and 28.7% had a negative attitude on TB prevention and care. 10.7% were in a moderate to severe stage of depression. Six variables were found the significant associated with quality of life; ethnicity, sex, marital status, income, length of working in Thailand, and insurance. Conclusions: Besides active TB surveillance system, inter-country public health policy should be developed to cope with depression problem and improve quality of life among the migrant in Thailand

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Tay, Mary W. J. "Bilingual Communities: National/Regional Profiles and Verbal Repertoires of Southeast Asia/Sameo." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 6 (March 1985): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003135.

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In this paper, Southeast Asia is defined as the region made up of: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It is a region of great diversity. Each country has its own characteristic heterogeneity in ethnicity, culture, and language. There is also marked contrast in size; compare tiny Singapore (area: 618 sq. km.; population: 2.5 million) with Indonesia, the world's largest archipelago (area: 2 million sq. km. [actually 3,000 islands having that total area]; population: 146.7 million). Nonetheless, the identity of the region is recognizable, for it has certain common diagnostic features of multilingualism which distinguish it from other bilingual communities such as those in Europe and America.

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Pittayanon, Rapat, Noriya Uedo, Thapanee Praipisut, Yusuke Tounai, Rungsun Rerknimitr, and Pinit Kullavanijaya. "Factors Associated with High Mortality of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Thailand Versus Japan." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 3, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2018.3.2.29.

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Background and aim: Thailand and Japan have high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection but prevalence of gastric cancer and mortality rate are difference. Most international comparative studies are epidemiologic studies and the difference in actual clinicopathological data has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the difference in clinicopathological characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma between Thailand and Japan.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in two high-volume hospitals for gastric cancer in Thailand and Japan. Baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, tumor characteristics, treatments and mortality rate of gastric cancer patients in the two institutions were examined.Results: A total of 403 Thai and 2,318 Japanese patients were retrieved from the electronic database. Finally, 332 Thai and 414 Japanese patients (randomly sampled) with gastric adenocarcinoma were eligible for analysis. Thai gastric adenocarcinoma patients were significantly younger than the Japanese (59 ± 13 vs. 68 ±10 years old, p<0.001) and the majority of Thai patients were female (55% vs. 25%, p<0.001). The rate of smoking (5.1% vs. 23%, p<0.001) and alcohol drinking (2.7% vs. 34%, p<0.001) were lower in Thai patients when compared with those in Japanese. The mortality rate at the conclusion of this study (July 2016) was significantly higher in Thai patients (75.3% vs. 7%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, ethnicity, clinical UICC stage II-IV compared to I, and resection-based treatment were significant prognostic factors after adjusting for age, gender, presence of alarm symptom, lesion extension and histology.Conclusion: Thai patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were different from Japanese patients in all aspects. Advanced stage of disease, country, and un-resected tumor were associated with poor prognosis. An individual strategy to improve survival of gastric adenocarcinoma in a low-prevalence area such as Thailand should be explored.

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Saenprai, Nontawan, Charin Mangkhang, and Atchara Kerdtep. "Moon-Mung Phutai: The Process of Creating a Socio-Cultural Learning Space through Ethnic Textile Wisdom in Sakon Nakhon Basin, Thailand." Journal of Green Learning 2, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53889/jgl.v2i2.113.

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The objectives of this article are to (1) study Moon-Mung Phutai in Sakon Nakhon basin in geographic, economic, social and cultural aspects; (2) study Moon-Mung of the ethnic textile wisdom of Phutai in Sakon Nakhon basin, Thailand, and (3) synthesize the pattern of the process of creating social-cultural space in terms of ethnic textile wisdom of Phutai in Sakon Nakhon basin, Thailand. This study uses the qualitative study method and participant observation. The results of the study found that (1) Moon-Mung Phutai in Sakon Nakhon basin area that is still preserved or inherited include belief in spirits and soul, language, food, weaving wisdom and fabric patterns, although their residence and occupation have changed (2) textile wisdom of Phutai ethnicity in Sakon Nakhon basin area is the ability of Phutai women to weave clothes for household use especially the Sarong which is called Tinto that has a specific aspect and an indigo-dyed three-quarter sleeve shirt, (3) the pattern of the process of creating a social and cultural space in terms of ethnic textile wisdom of Phutai in Sakon Nakhon basin is divided into 2 levels.

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Aung, Thin Nyein Nyein, Yoshihisa Shirayama, Saiyud Moolphate, Thaworn Lorga, Motoyuki Yuasa, and Myo Nyein Aung. "Acculturation and Its Effects on Health Risk Behaviors among Myanmar Migrant Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145108.

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Thailand hosts many workers who have migrated from neighboring countries and is facing a large burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Health screening for migrant workers routinely emphasizes infectious diseases but overlooks NCDs. We surveyed prevalent health behaviors for NCDs and their influencing factors, particularly cultural adaptation patterns among Myanmar migrant workers in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. A total of 414 migrant workers consented to participate in the study. Lack of exercise (75.8%), current alcohol consumption (40.8%), current smoking (26.9%), and central obesity (24.3%) were major lifestyle problems. Being female and uneducated was associated with a lack of exercise. Current alcohol consumption was significantly associated with being male and being of Myanmar ethnicity, with an integrative strategy for acculturation, and with a higher income. Male participants and participants with a lower mean score of marginalization were more likely to smoke. Central obesity was associated with being older than 40 years, being female, engaging in an assimilation strategy, and being uneducated. These findings highlight the need for gender inclusive health promotion, the screening of NCD risk behaviors, and timely health education for migrant workers. It may assist authorities to devise strategies to extend health promotion and universal health coverage to the migrant population.

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Gruneck, Lucsame, Eleni Gentekaki, Kongkiat Kespechara, Justin Denny, Thomas J. Sharpton, Lisa K. Marriott, Jackilen Shannon, and Siam Popluechai. "The fecal microbiota of Thai school-aged children associated with demographic factors and diet." PeerJ 10 (April 20, 2022): e13325. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13325.

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Background Birth delivery method and breastfeeding practices contribute to microbiota colonization. Other factors including diet and demographic factors structure the gut microbiome assembly and diversity through childhood development. The exploration of these factors, especially in Southeast Asian children, remains limited. Methods We investigated the fecal microbiota of 127 school-aged children in Thailand using quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assess the influence of diet and demographic factors on the gut microbiota. Multivariate analysis (multiple factor analysis (MFA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA)) were used to link particular gut microbes to diet and demographic factors. Results Diet and demographic factors were associated with variation among gut microbiota. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria increased in children with infrequent intake of high fat foods. Obese children possessed a lower level of Firmicutes and Ruminococcus. Bifidobacterium was enriched in pre-teen aged children and detected at lower levels among formula-fed children. Prevotella was more abundant in children who were delivered vaginally. While ethnicity explained a small amount of variation in the gut microbiota, it nonetheless was found to be significantly associated with microbiome composition. Conclusions Exogenous and demographic factors associate with, and possibly drive, the assembly of the gut microbiome of an understudied population of school-aged children in Thailand.

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Arismunandar, Arismunandar, Afriantoni Afriantoni, and Asmuni Asmuni. "MELAYU PATTANI THAILAND: MUSLIM MINORITY RELIGION EXPRESSION IN THE MIDDLE OF NON MUSLIM MAJORITY." Journal of Malay Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jmis.v3i1.4576.

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Pattani Province in southern Thailand is the only province with the majority of the Muslim population. Besides Pattani the majority of Thai residents (67 million people) are Buddhists. Only 10% of Thai people are Muslims, including Pattani's Muslim Malay minority. Some data suggest that the Thai government made policies that often discredited and did not accommodate the interests of Malay Muslims. This became one of the reasons for the emergence of opposition to Thai government and ethnicity. For example, must use the Thai language (thaification Program) reinforced by the prohibition of the use of Malay language and nationalization of Thai society culture through language and customs. The cultural policies relating to the use of Thai language and customs are intended to promote Thai nationalism, while they erode the identity (religion and culture) of Pattani Malay. The Malay minority resistance was led by the scholar Tuan Guru Haji Sulong Al-Fathani. He also acted as negotiator with the Thai government in order to fight for Malay Muslim aspirations. His negotiations resulted in a policy of the enactment of Malay language education as a curriculum material at Pattani National School.

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Maung, Htet Myat Win, Prasit Palittapongarnpim, Htin Lin Aung, Komwit Surachat, Wint Wint Nyunt, and Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong. "Geno-Spatial Distribution of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance Profiles in Myanmar–Thai Border Area." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5040153.

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Worldwide, studies investigating the relationship between the lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) across geographic areas has empowered the “End TB” program and understand transmission across national boundaries. Genomic diversity of MTB varies with geographical locations and ethnicity. Genomic diversity can also affect the emergence of drug resistance. In Myanmar, we still have limited genetic information about geographical, ethnicity, and drug resistance linkage to MTB genetic information. This study aimed to describe the geno-spatial distribution of MTB and drug resistance profiles in Myanmar–Thailand border areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 109 sequenced isolates. The lineages of MTB and the potential associated socio-demographic, geographic and clinical factors were analyzed using Fisher’s exact tests. p value of statistically significance was set at < 0.05. We found that 67% of the isolates were lineage 1 (L1)/East-African-Indian (EAI) (n = 73), followed by lineage 2 (L2)/Beijing (n = 26), lineage 4 (L4)/European American (n = 6) and lineage 3 (L3)/Delhi/Central Asian (n = 4). “Gender”, “type of TB patient”, “sputum smear grading” and “streptomycin resistance” were significantly different with the lineages of MTB. Sublineages of L1, which had never been reported elsewhere in Myanmar, were detected in this study area. Moreover, both ethnicity and lineage of MTB significantly differed in distribution by patient location. Diversity of the lineage of MTB and detection of new sublineages suggested that this small area had been resided by a heterogeneous population group who actively transmitted the disease. This information on distribution of lineage of MTB can be linked in the future with those on the other side of the border to evaluate cross-border transmission.

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Ieamkaew, Chiraphan, Supachai Singyabuth, and Ourarom Chantamala. "Maintaining Ethnicity and Social Networks: Engkor Lorgow, Lion, Dragon Dance, Performing Arts of the Chinese Ethnic Group in Udonthani Province." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no. 6 (November 19, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0112.

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The research titled “Maintaining Ethnicity and Social Networks: Engkor Lorgow, Lion, Dragon Dance Performing Arts of the Chinese Ethnic Group in Udonthani Province” was qualitative research that emphasized on investigated and collected data from the field study, document, and related research and presented in descriptive analysis, particularly at Thung Si Muang Annual Festival in 2018. The objectives of the study consisted of three criteria: 1) to study of the development of the Chinese ethnic group in Udonthani, 2) to analyze the role of the Engkor Lorgow, Lion, Dragon Dance Performing Arts in maintaining ethnicity and social network of Chinese ethnic group in Udonthani, and 3) to analyze how the culture of Engkor Lorgow, Lion, Dragon Dance Performing Arts helped created social group between Chinese ethnic group and the local people in Udonthani. The study results found that the Engkor Lorgow, Lion, Dragon Dance was part of the ritual at Chao Pu-Ya shrine. The Chinese ethnic group worked together on the ceremony by holding the Chinese Opera to show the belief and faith of traditional Chinese culture and to gather all Chinese together to maintain their ethnicity and create social networks with one another. Chinese Operas were held annually in Thung Si Muang, Udonthani province, Thailand, and had adapted the Engkor Lorgow, Lion, Dragon Dance to be more spectacular and fit in with social contexts in Udonthani. The dance was promoted to be one of the provincial identities and played an important role in tourism in Udonthani. Thus, the Engkor Lorgow, Lion, Dragon Dance has been a ritual that helped assemble and created social networks between the Chinese ethnic group and other ethnic groups in Udonthani province.

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Srikummoon, Pimwarat, Yuphayong Thanutan, Natthaporn Manojai, Sukon Prasitwattanaseree, Nachale Boonyapisomparn, Unyamanee Kummaraka, Chanapat Pateekhum, et al. "Discrimination against and Associated Stigma Experienced by Transgender Women with Intersectional Identities in Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 16532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416532.

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Although Thailand is overtly open to diversity and promotes equality, discrimination of minorities based on gender, ethnicity, and/or certain occupations is unfortunately still prevalent. Society either obstructs their inclusion or accepts them but only under certain conditions. The objective of this study is to examine the discrimination of TGWs with intersectional identities within Thai society. A total of 19 TGW participants were recruited and underwent in-depth thematic interviews about their experiences of discrimination. Rechecking of the extracted information from the interview transcripts and the subsequent encoding process were conducted using the NVivo program. The results show that the median age was 30 years old, and the majority of the individuals with intersectional identities were ethnic minority TGWs (47%). The in-depth interviews were divided into four main themes, including discrimination at an educational institution, discrimination in the workplace, discrimination in daily life, and discrimination at a healthcare facility. Our findings reflect problems associated with multiple sources of discrimination aimed at transgender women with an intersectional identity in Thailand in every aspect, including harsh speech or physical abuse; occupational, social, and legal inequality; and healthcare provision disparity. Raising awareness about gender diversity and intersectionality, as well as enforcing anti-bullying legislation and anti-discrimination laws, should be continually pursued in order to protect the rights and improve the quality of life of transgender individuals with an intersectional identity.

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Burusphat, Somsonge, Sumittra Suraratdecha, Patama Patpong, and Amon Saengmanee. "Language Vitality and Langauge Attitude of the Karen Ethnic Group in the Western Region of Thailand: A Preliminary Report." MANUSYA 13, no. 2 (2010): 88–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01302005.

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This paper presents preliminary findings of the research project entitled “Ethnicity, Language, Culture and Ethnic Tourism Development.” It has three goals. First, it aims to identify the Karen language spoken in six provinces in the western region of Thailand, namely, Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Suphan Buri, and Nakhon Pathom. The next goal is to explore Karen language use and attitudes towards languages of the wider community. The final goal is to evaluate the development of sustainable ethnic tourism in the region. A preliminary survey of language use and attitude of Karen people towards the Karen language and Ethnic Tourism Development (ETD) in these six provinces was carried out using a qualitative approach. Thirty subjects made up of local administrators and community leaders were interviewed using two kinds of guided questionnaires, community and personal questionnaires.

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Rozaki, Abdur, Bayu Mitra A. Kusuma, and Abd Aziz Faiz. "Political Economy of the Muslim Middle Class in Southeast Asia: Religious Expressions Trajectories in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand." IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 3, no. 1 (August 16, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v3i1.45734.

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The growth of Muslim middle class in the three Southeast Asian countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand are heavily influenced by each state's political development policy as well as the growing phenomenon oftheMuslim market as part of the global market dynamics. This paper aims to describe the phenomenon of state and society relations in regardsto policies that influence the growth of the Muslim middle class and how the market contributes to their expansion. The research shows that Muslim middle class in Indonesia is a result of the ever-crisscrossing force between state-driven pro-market policies, market-driven mechanisms, and the development of information technology that creates the demands of modern lifestyles. In terms of the Malaysian context, the Muslim middle-class formation is closely linked toastate driven policy in the form of ethnicity-based policy: an affirmative policy to strengthen the Malays, which is identical with Islam. While for the case of Muslim middle class in Thailand, the formation is largely determined by the central government's political policy. The Thai government uses different political approaches, which varies depending on the level of the Muslim community’s compromise in each region. In the end, the differences in the process of Muslim middle-class formation in these countries shaped their Muslim communities’ religious expressionsboth economically and politically in the public sphere.

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Kamdee, Bumpen, and Khanitta Nuntaboot. "Cultural Based Care for Hmong Pregnant Women and Postpartum Mothers in Northern Thailand: Qualitative Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 3643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123643.

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Objective: This qualitative research was to explore the cultural care for Hmong pregnant women and mothers in postpartum period in Northern of Thailand in order to better understand the past operations in relation to the culture, knowledge which derived from the social and ethnic cultural contexts of the Hmong community in Northern Thailand Methods: This was a qualitative study using participatory observation, in-depth interview, group discussion techniques. The data was analyze using content analysis. Key informants were recruited based on specific criteria. Results: The findings revealed that there were 7 Hmong pregnant women, 15 postpartum mothers, 20 caregivers for pregnant women and postpartum mothers. There were three main themes found in the research: 1) Premarital life: marriage is very important for Hmong women; and it is even more important than having education for women. 2) Pregnancy period: pregnancy is considered a normal period for a woman. and 3) Postpartum period: this is the period when Hmong women have a debilitating physical conditions from childbirth. A woman’s physical body must be rehabilitated with herbal medicine and certain healthy food during the postpartum period. Conclusion: The findings showed important issues for the development of a cultural based care model among pregnant woman and postpartum mothers that is consistent with the social and cultural contexts of Hmong ethnicity. Empowering Hmong women in term of caring for herself and encouraging husbands, family members, community volunteers and local government organization to design the joint care for Hmong pregnant women. Keywords: Qualitative Research, Cultural Based Care, Hmong Pregnant Women, Postpartum Mothers.

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Kamdee, Bumpen, and Khanitta Nuntaboot. "Cultural Based Care for Hmong Pregnant Women and Postpartum Mothers in Northern Thailand: Qualitative Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 3717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123717.

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Objective: This qualitative research was to explore the cultural care for Hmong pregnant women and mothers in postpartum period in Northern of Thailand in order to better understand the past operations in relation to the culture, knowledge which derived from the social and ethnic cultural contexts of the Hmong community in Northern Thailand Methods: This was a qualitative study using participatory observation, in-depth interview, group discussion techniques. The data was analyze using content analysis. Key informants were recruited based on specific criteria. Results: The findings revealed that there were 7 Hmong pregnant women, 15 postpartum mothers, 20 caregivers for pregnant women and postpartum mothers. There were three main themes found in the research: 1) Premarital life: marriage is very important for Hmong women; and it is even more important than having education for women. 2) Pregnancy period: pregnancy is considered a normal period for a woman. and 3) Postpartum period: this is the period when Hmong women have a debilitating physical conditions from childbirth. A woman’s physical body must be rehabilitated with herbal medicine and certain healthy food during the postpartum period. Conclusion: The findings showed important issues for the development of a cultural based care model among pregnant woman and postpartum mothers that is consistent with the social and cultural contexts of Hmong ethnicity. Empowering Hmong women in term of caring for herself and encouraging husbands, family members, community volunteers and local government organization to design the joint care for Hmong pregnant women. Keywords: Qualitative Research, Cultural Based Care, Hmong Pregnant Women, Postpartum Mothers.

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Piankusol, Chanodom, Wachiranun Sirikul, Krongporn Ongprasert, and Penprapa Siviroj. "Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Practices under Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 8729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168729.

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A COVID-19 lockdown and restrictive order has had a large impact on the lives of people. This cross-sectional study was conducted to identify factors affecting breastfeeding among mothers living in Thailand during the lockdown. Data were collected from 903 mothers with infants ages 0–12 months from 17 July 2020 to 17 October 2020 after the first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown period by an online platform and interview questionnaire survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the effect of lockdown and breastfeeding practices with potential confounder adjustment including maternal age, ethnicity, newborn age <6 months, family income below $16,130 per annum, education below undergraduate level, and working status. Mothers changed breastfeeding practices in this period (n = 39, 4.32%) including having changed from exclusive breastfeeding to combined breastfeeding with formula milk (n = 22, 2.44%), and having reduced the frequency when compared to before the pandemic (n = 13, 1.44%). The associated factors of changing breastfeeding practices were “contact with healthcare services” (aOR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.96, p = 0.04), “infant feeding support from health personnel” (aOR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.94, p = 0.035), and “lack family support and help with feeding your baby after lockdown” (aOR = 7.04, 95% CI 1.92 to 25.84, p = 0.003). In conclusion, this study showed a slight decrease in breastfeeding in the sampled mothers during the COVID-19 lockdown in Thailand. A long-term national surveillance system for maintenance of breastfeeding should be established. Health care service interventions and additional information are needed to support mothers and families for breastfeeding during pandemics.

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Ong-Artborirak, Parichat, Supakan Kantow, Katekaew Seangpraw, Prakasit Tonchoy, Nisarat Auttama, Monchanok Choowanthanapakorn, and Sorawit Boonyathee. "Ergonomic Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Ethnic Lychee–Longan Harvesting Workers in Northern Thailand." Healthcare 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2022): 2446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122446.

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Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the leading causes of occupational injuries and disabilities. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of MSDs and occupational factors affecting MSDs among ethnic lychee–longan harvesting workers in northern Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the areas of three upper northern provinces of Thailand. The study areas are located in the highlands and rural plains, where many ethnic minority groups live, including Indigenous, Mien, Karen, and Lua. The majority of them work in a farm of perennial fruit trees, mainly lychee and longan. During the harvest season, 404 participants were recruited for the study using the convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires that included general information, an ergonomic risk assessment, and a standardized Nordic questionnaire for assessing MSDs in 10 body parts. The average age of lychee–longan harvesting workers was 48.8 years. Almost all (99.5%) reported MSDs in one or more body regions in the previous seven days of work. The prevalence of MSDs was highest in the hands (82.9%), followed by the shoulders (82.2%) and the neck (79.7%). The total ergonomic risk scores, which included awkward posture, heavy carrying and lifting, repetitive activity, land slope, and equipment, were found to be significantly associated with MSDs in part of the neck (AOR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.11–1.23), shoulder (AOR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.10–1.21), elbow (AOR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.12–1.24), hand (AOR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.07–1.18), finger (AOR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.24–1.44), upper back (AOR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.09–1.20), lower back (AOR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.11–1.22), hip (AOR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.06–1.15), knee (AOR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.12–1.24), and feet (AOR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.15–1.28) when adjusting for ethnicity, sex, age, BMI, and work experience. Many parts of ethnic workers’ bodies have been affected by occupational injuries, with a high risk of upper extremity injury. As a result, using an ergonomic approach to improving the working environment and appropriate posture movement is very beneficial in preventing MSDs among ethnic harvesting workers.

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Kunstadter, Peter. "Ethnicity, socioeconomic characteristics and knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about HIV among Yunnanese Chinese, Hmong, Lahu and Northern Thai in a north-western Thailand border district." Culture, Health & Sexuality 15, sup3 (August 2, 2013): S383—S400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2013.814807.

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Bancone, Germana, Mary Ellen Gilder, Nongnud Chowwiwat, Gornpan Gornsawun, Elsi Win, Win Win Cho, Eh Moo, et al. "Prevalences of inherited red blood cell disorders in pregnant women of different ethnicities living along the Thailand-Myanmar border." Wellcome Open Research 2 (August 24, 2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12338.1.

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Background: Inherited red blood cell disorders are prevalent in populations living in malaria endemic areas; G6PD deficiency is associated with oxidant-induced hemolysis and abnormal hemoglobin variants may cause chronic anemia. In pregnant women, microcytic anemia caused by hemoglobinopathies mimics iron deficiency, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Anemia during pregnancy is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence of G6PD deficiency, hemoglobinopathies, ABO and Rhesus blood groups among the pregnant population living along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in this area belong to several distinct ethnic groups. Methods: Data was available for 13,520 women attending antenatal care between July 2012 and September 2016. Screening for G6PD deficiency was done by fluorescent spot test routinely. G6PD genotyping and quantitative phenotyping by spectrophotometry were analyzed in a subsample of women. Hemoglobin variants were diagnosed by HPLC or capillary electrophoresis and molecular methods. Blood groups were diagnosed by agglutination test. The prevalence and distribution of inherited red blood cell disorders and blood groups was analyzed with respect to ethnicity. Results: G6PD deficiency was common, especially in the Sgaw Karen ethnic group, in whom the G6PD Mahidol variant allele frequency was 20.7%. Quantitative G6PD phenotyping showed that 60.5% of heterozygote women have an intermediate enzymatic activity between 30% and 70% of the population median. HbE, beta-thalassemia trait and alpha-thalassemia trait were found in 31.2% of women. Only 0.15% of women were Rhesus negative. Conclusions: Distribution of G6PD and hemoglobin variants varied among the different ethnic groups, but the prevalence was generally high throughout the cohort. These findings encourage the implementation of an extended program of information and genetic counseling to women of reproductive age and will help inform future studies and current clinical management of anemia in the pregnant population in this region.

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Bancone, Germana, Mary Ellen Gilder, Nongnud Chowwiwat, Gornpan Gornsawun, Elsi Win, Win Win Cho, Eh Moo, et al. "Prevalences of inherited red blood cell disorders in pregnant women of different ethnicities living along the Thailand-Myanmar border." Wellcome Open Research 2 (November 2, 2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12338.2.

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Background: Inherited red blood cell disorders are prevalent in populations living in malaria endemic areas; G6PD deficiency is associated with oxidant-induced haemolysis and abnormal haemoglobin variants may cause chronic anaemia. In pregnant women, microcytic anaemia caused by haemoglobinopathies mimics iron deficiency, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Anaemia during pregnancy is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterise the prevalence of G6PD deficiency and haemoglobinopathies among the pregnant population living along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in this area belong to several distinct ethnic groups. Methods: Data were available for 13,520 women attending antenatal care between July 2012 and September 2016. Screening for G6PD deficiency was done by fluorescent spot test routinely. G6PD genotyping and quantitative phenotyping by spectrophotometry were analysed in a subsample of women. Haemoglobin variants were diagnosed by HPLC or capillary electrophoresis and molecular methods. The prevalence and distribution of inherited red blood cell disorders was analysed with respect to ethnicity. Results: G6PD deficiency was common, especially in the Sgaw Karen ethnic group, in whom the G6PD Mahidol variant allele frequency was 20.7%. Quantitative G6PD phenotyping showed that 60.5% of heterozygous women had an intermediate enzymatic activity between 30% and 70% of the population median. HbE, beta-thalassaemia trait and Hb Constant Spring were found overall in 15.6% of women. Only 45.2% of women with low percentage of HbA2 were carriers of mutations on the alpha globin genes. Conclusions: Distribution of G6PD and haemoglobin variants varied among the different ethnic groups, but the prevalence was generally high throughout the cohort. These findings encourage the implementation of an extended program of information and genetic counselling to women of reproductive age and will help inform future studies and current clinical management of anaemia in the pregnant population in this region.

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Brummaier, Tobias, Basirudeen Syed Ahamed Kabeer, Stephen Lindow, Justin C. Konje, Sasithon Pukrittayaamee, Juerg Utzinger, Mohammed Toufiq, et al. "A prospective cohort for the investigation of alteration in temporal transcriptional and microbiome trajectories preceding preterm birth: a study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023417.

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IntroductionPreterm birth (PTB) results from heterogeneous influences and is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity that continues to have adverse effects on infants beyond the neonatal period. This protocol describes the procedures to determine molecular signatures predictive of PTB through high-frequency sampling during pregnancy, at delivery and the postpartum period.Methods and analysisFour hundred first trimester pregnant women from either Myanmar or Thailand of either Karen or Burman ethnicity, with a viable, singleton pregnancy will be enrolled in this non-interventional, prospective pregnancy birth cohort study and will be followed through to the postpartum period. Fortnightly finger prick capillary blood sampling will allow the monitoring of genome-wide transcript abundance in whole blood. Collection of stool samples and vaginal swabs each trimester, at delivery and postpartum will allow monitoring of intestinal and vaginal microbial composition. In a nested case–control analysis, perturbations of transcript abundance in capillary blood as well as longitudinal changes of the gut, vaginal and oral microbiome will be compared between mothers giving birth to preterm and matched cases giving birth to term neonates. Placenta tissue of preterm and term neonates will be used to determine bacterial colonisation as well as for the establishment of coding and non-coding RNA profiles. In addition, RNA profiles of circulating, non-coding RNA in cord blood serum will be compared with those of maternal peripheral blood serum at time of delivery.Ethics and disseminationThis research protocol that aims to detect perturbations in molecular trajectories preceding adverse pregnancy outcomes was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand (Ethics Reference: TMEC 15–062), the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee (Ethics Reference: OxTREC: 33–15) and the local Tak Province Community Ethics Advisory Board. The results of this cooperative project will be disseminated in multiple publications staggered over time in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT02797327; Pre-results.

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Yang, Pan-Chyr, Yuankai Shi, Joseph Siu-kie Au, Sankar Srinivasan, Gerardo H. Cornelio, Chun-Ming Tsai, Sumitra Thongprasert, Dr Karin Heeroma, Itoh Yohji, and Mai Trong Khoa. "Molecular epidemiological prospective study of EGFR mutations from Asian patients (pts) with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (PIONEER)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.1534.

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1534 Background: The epidemiological, multicenter prospective study (NCT01185314; PIONEER) assessed EGFR mutation (M) rates in pts from Asia with newly diagnosed advanced lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). Influence of demographic and clinical factors on EGFR M rates was investigated. Methods: Pts were aged ≥20 years, with treatment naïve stage IIIB/IV lung ADC. Tumor sample (biopsy, surgical specimen, cytology) EGFR M status (primary endpoint; positive [M+], negative [M-], undetermined [MU]) was determined using Scorpion ARMS (Therascreen EGFR RGQ kit). EGFR M frequency was calculated and compared between demographic/clinical factor subgroups (chi-square/Fisher’s exact test). Factors with p<0.05 in the univariate analysis were further analyzed by multivariate logistic regression at 1% significance level to take the large dataset into consideration. Results: Of 1482 pts from 7 Asian countries, 43.4% were female, mean age was 60 years (range 17-94), and 52.6% were never-smokers. EGFR M status was evaluated in 1450 patients (32 [2.2%] were MU): 746 (51.4%) were M+, 704 (48.6%) were M-. Country, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, pack years, metastasis, (all p<0.001) and disease stage (p=0.009) correlated significantly with EGFR M status. EGFR M+ rate by country: Vietnam 64.2% (77/120), Taiwan 62.1% (108/174), Thailand 53.8% (63/117), Philippines 52.3% (34/65), China 50.2% (372/741), Hong Kong 47.2% (76/161), India 22.2% (16/72). EGFR M+ rates were 61.1% in females, 44.0% in males, 60.7% in never smokers, and 31.4% in heavy smokers (>50 pack years). EGFR M+ rates were 37.5% in male regular smokers (113/301), 34.8% in female regular smokers (8/23), 56.5% in male never smokers (104/184) and 62.0% in female never smokers (358/577). Ethnic group (p<0.001) and pack years (p<0.001) were identified as important factors by logistic regression; gender was not significant when adjusted for smoking status. Conclusions: The overall EGFR M+ rate in unselected ADC was 51.4%. Ethnicity and pack years were found to have a statistically significant association with EGFR M rates. There was no association between gender and EGFR M rates when adjusted for smoking status.

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Sato, Jin. "Resource Politics and State-Society Relations: Why Are Certain States More Inclusive than Others?" Comparative Studies in Society and History 56, no. 3 (July 2014): 745–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417514000310.

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AbstractWhy do some states resort to more exclusive top-down management of natural resources, while others tend to be more inclusive and solicit participation from civil society? By rejecting the simple characterization of the state within the narrow spectrum of “weak” and “strong,” this article investigates resource-mediated relations in the peripheral social groups that the state has sought to transform as part of the process of modernization. Focusing on Siam and Japan, I highlight alternative explanations based on ethnicity and labor, bureaucratic mindset, and agro-ecological conditions. I argue that the more embedded nature of the labor force in resources sectors made it necessary for the Japanese government to engage with marginal people, whereas the enclave nature of such sectors in Siam allowed elites to establish a distinctively exclusive system. While the Japanese state quickly learned to accommodate people at the fringes through its recognition and acceptance of existing customs in the management of resources, and even facilitated the creation of local organizations such as forest unions, the Siamese were consistently more exclusionary and even oppressed indigenous groups living at the state's territorial periphery. Resource interventions targeted at the fringes of land and society in Japan and Siam produced lasting effects on state-society relations that have extended far beyond their original intention of securing resource procurement. Understanding the historical roots of such relations offers a fresh perspective from which to explain why state inaction prevails in the present debate on state devolution in Thailand.

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Thielemans, Laurence, Pimnara Peerawaranun, Mavuto Mukaka, Moo Kho Paw, Jacher Wiladphaingern, Jordi Landier, Germana Bancone, et al. "High levels of pathological jaundice in the first 24 hours and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in an epidemiological cohort study on the Thailand-Myanmar border." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): e0258127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258127.

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Population risks for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (NH) vary. Knowledge of local risks permits interventions that may reduce the proportion becoming severe. Between January 2015 and May 2016, in a resource-limited setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border, neonates from 28 weeks’ gestation were enrolled into a prospective birth cohort. Each neonate had total serum bilirubin measurements: scheduled (24, 48, 72 and 144 hours of life) and clinically indicated; and weekly follow up until 1 month of age. Risk factors for developing NH were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard mixed model. Of 1710 neonates, 22% (376) developed NH (83% preterm, 19% term). All neonates born <35 weeks, four in five born 35–37 weeks, and three in twenty born ≥38 weeks had NH, giving an overall incidence of 249 per 1000 livebirths [95%CI 225, 403]. Mortality from acute bilirubin encephalopathy was 10% (2/20) amongst the 5.3% (20/376) who reached the severe NH threshold. One-quarter (26.3%) of NH occurred within 24 hours. NH onset varied with gestational age: at a median [IQR] 24 hours [24, 30] for neonates born 37 weeks or prematurely vs 59 hours [48, 84] for neonates born ≥38 weeks. Risk factors for NH in the first week of life independent of gestational age were: neonatal G6PD deficiency, birth bruising, Sgaw Karen ethnicity, primigravidae, pre-eclampsia, and prolonged rupture of membranes. The genetic impact of G6PD deficiency on NH was partially interpreted by using the florescent spot test and further genotyping work is in progress. The risk of NH in Sgaw Karen refugees may be overlooked internationally as they are most likely regarded as Burmese in countries of resettlement. Given high levels of pathological jaundice in the first 24 hours and overall high NH burden, guidelines changes were implemented including preventive PT for all neonates <35 weeks and for those 35–37 weeks with risk factors.

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Carreño, Fanny J., Jose L. Lopez, Estluz K. Mata, Leonor Cardenas, Osiris Da Costa, Carlos Mendez, and Rene Utrera. "Frequency of BCR/ABL Breakpoints in CML Venezuelan Patients : Contribution to a Possible Worldwide Distribution of BCR/ABL Transcripts Associated to Ethnicity." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4280.4280.

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Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common clinical pathology characterized by the clone expansion of stem cells of myeloid linage. At the cytogenetic and molecular level CML is associated with one reciprocal and nonrandom translocation (t(9;22)(q34;q11)) which causes the BCR/ABL gene fusion in the 22nd chromosome (Philadelphia chromosome, pH+). This gene codifies for a chimerical protein functionally active and able to exert a transforming effect on all the cells carrying that gene. The transcripts b2a2 and b3a2 are the principal variants identified on the CML patients. Due to high frequency and variation in expression of b2a2 and b3a2 transcripts in CML patients, the researchers have tried to associate the expression of those transcripts with clinical and ethnic aspects. Nevertheless, the results have been contradictory and a direct correlation between transcripts BCR/ABL, the clinic and ethnicity has not been yet found. Although, geographic variation has been already revealed for others leukemia types, thus enhancing the accuracy of prognosis, until now a geographic distribution of CML transcripts remain unrevealed. We report here for the first time, the frequency of different BCR/ABL transcripts in 467 Venezuelan CML patients. The RT-PCR for those transcripts evidenced that 449 (96.1%) of patients had the gene fusion p210BCR/ABL, being 205 (45.6 %) b2a2, 187 (41.7%) b3a2 and 40 (8.8%) b2a2/b3a2 co-expression. The remaining 17 (3.9%) included the expression of variant P190BCR/ABL (e1a2) and its co-expressions: e1a2/b2a2, e1a2/b3a2 and e1a2/b2a2/b3a2. Most of the patients were between 21 and 60 years old and 53% were males. The analysis of automatic sequences showed the T/C polymorphism in some b2a2 transcripts, while b3a2 and co-expressions transcripts did not present it. These results were included in our study on the geographic distribution of the BCR/ABL transcripts. That study revealed that the Asian and Middle East countries (Malaysia, Thailand, Korea, India, China, Japan and Iran) showed the highest frequency of b3a2, while American countries (Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela) presented b2a2 as the highest frequency found. This geographical distribution of transcripts was found to have a pattern according to longitude: increasing the relative expression of b3a2 from west to east. As for the relative expression of b2a2 and b3a2 transcripts by ethnic groups, it showed three main groups: Asians and Middle Easterns express mainly b3a2 transcript, Europeans (Caucasians European) express both transcripts, whereas Mestizos (mulattos, Caucasians and Amerindians) express mainly b2a2 transcript. This geographical distribution pattern suggests that the relation between clinical features and CML transcripts could be masked by underlying factors such as ethnicity and geographic location.

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Taesuwan, Siraphat, Paradee Thammapichai, Ariel Ganz, Wachira Jirarattanarangsri, Julaluk Khemacheewakul, and Noppol Leksawasdi. "Choline Intake Was Mildly Associated With Hypertension Among Older Adults in Cross-Sectional NHANES 2011–2014." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab053_089.

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Abstract Objectives The study objective is to investigate the relationships of choline intake with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension among U.S. adults aged ≥65 y using the sample from the 2011–2014 National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES). The association between choline-containing supplement usage and BP in adults aged ≥20 y was also assessed to confirm previous findings. Methods The cross-sectional associations of choline intake with prevalent hypertension (n = 2113) and BP (n = 843) were assessed among the NHANES older adults using logistic and multiple linear regression models for complex surveys, respectively. Logistic regression was used to test the association between supplemental choline use and prevalent hypertension in adults aged ≥20 y (n = 9561). Effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidity were also investigated. Results Among older adults, choline intake interacted with BMI (P-interaction = 0.04) such that choline intake tended to be associated with lower odds of hypertension among people with BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m2 (odds ratio [95% Confidence Interval], OR [95% CI]: 0.64 [0.4,1.00]; P = 0.052). Choline intake was not associated with systolic BP. In contrast, its relation to diastolic BP differed by comorbidity (P-interaction = 0.03) with a negative direction of association observed among those who were free of comorbidities and a positive direction observed among those with comorbidities. No association was found between choline supplement use and the odds of hypertension. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggested that the associations of choline intake with BP levels and hypertension risk among older adults are mild and dependent on other risk factors. A higher choline intake may be beneficialy associated with BP among people who have healthier profiles. Funding Sources This study was supported by the Young Faculty Research Grant, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

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Funston, John. "Malaysia and Thailand’s Southern Conflict: Reconciling Security and Ethnicity." Contemporary Southeast Asia 32, no. 2 (2010): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/cs32-2e.

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Draper, John, John Garzoli, Peerasit Kamnuansilpa, Leedom Lefferts, James Mitchell, and Peera Songkünnatham. "The Thai Lao – Thailand's largest unrecognized transboundary national ethnicity." Nations and Nationalism 25, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 1131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nana.12523.

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Kersten, Carool. "The Predicament of Thailand’s Southern Muslims." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v21i4.511.

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Recent events in Southeast Asia have revived interest in the role of political Islam in the region. This article examines the position of Muslims in Thailand’s four southern border provinces. It addresses the historical background of the area’s relationship with forms of centralized government by Thai political centers, the relevant elements of ethnicity and their significance for cultural (religious) self-identification, and how this may be translated in the political use of Islam. In a wider context, the study can be considered as illustrative of the problematic relationship between centers and peripheries, particularly those on the frontiers of culture zones.

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Kersten, Carool. "The Predicament of Thailand’s Southern Muslims." American Journal of Islam and Society 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i4.511.

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Abstract:

Recent events in Southeast Asia have revived interest in the role of political Islam in the region. This article examines the position of Muslims in Thailand’s four southern border provinces. It addresses the historical background of the area’s relationship with forms of centralized government by Thai political centers, the relevant elements of ethnicity and their significance for cultural (religious) self-identification, and how this may be translated in the political use of Islam. In a wider context, the study can be considered as illustrative of the problematic relationship between centers and peripheries, particularly those on the frontiers of culture zones.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ethnicity Thailand'

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