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Journal articles on the topic 'Ethnicity Singapore'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Maysami, Ramin Cooper, and Christopher Ziemnowicz. "Ethnicity, Gender and Entrepreneurial Tendencies: The Singapore Perspective." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 25 (February 5, 2008): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v25i0.1430.

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Abstract Creativity and risk-taking, widely accepted prerequisites for successful entrepreneurial behavior, were absent for a long time from Singaporean culture, where people were accustomed to well paying and readily available jobs in the public sector. As a result of the economic slowdown of the late 1990s, promoting entrepreneurial activities became a priority of the Singapore government. This study analyzes the entrepreneurial characteristics of Singapore's multi-racial and multi-cultural society, and attempts to find if there are any reasons as to why some people are more readily willing to engage in entrepreneurial behavior, based on factors such as race, gender, and culture. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, culture, innovation, risk propensity, Singapore

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2

Thelin, Mark C., and Chew Sock Foon. "Ethnicity and Nationality in Singapore." Contemporary Sociology 17, no. 3 (May 1988): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069599.

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3

Lee, William K. M. "Ethnicity and Ageing in Singapore." Asian Ethnicity 2, no. 2 (September 2001): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631360120058848.

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4

Gomez, James. "Politics and Ethnicity: Framing Racial Discrimination in Singapore." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 28, no. 2 (January 31, 2012): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v28i2.3431.

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Racial discrimination is a global phenomenon that the United Nations seeks to eradicate. In contemporary Singapore, research shows that the basis for racial discrimination is anchored in the role of ethnic identity and how it frames the formulation of policies related to education, employment, housing, immigration and politics. These policies have been formulated and implemented by the People's Action Party (PAP) government that has been in power for over 50 years. When confronted with its racially based policies, the PAP government insists that it follows a tolerant approach towards different races and that it promotes the idea of multiculturalism and meritocracy as a racial equalizer. However, ethnic minorities in Singapore complain they are being discriminated against daily on the basis of their race or religion. They argue that their views are often not given airing in the local mainstream media and they are further prevented from discussing these issues openly due to legislation restricting freedom of expression and assembly on these matters. Given this background, the first visit of a UN Rapporteur on racism to Singapore, at the invitation of the PAP government in April 2010, allowed the city-state's race-based policies to be put in an international spotlight. This study examines the visit of the UN Rapporteur, his initial findings, government and civil society responses, and the significance of this first UN mission. The paper locates its research on racial discrimination in the context of Singapore's political framework and the United Nations' efforts to eradicate racism. It argues that ultimately, policy changes in Singapore can only take place as a result of politically challenging the PAP government.

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5

Victoria, Ong Argo. "A MALAYSIA OF CITIZENS: ETHNICITY, MEMBERSHIP AND POLITICS OF MERGER." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 2, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v2i2.3152.

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This paper examines the political history of the relationship between Malaysia and Singapore, focusing on the notion of citizenship and its ethnic, civic and political dimensions. It analyses the extent to which the merger of Singapore with Malaysia redefined the citizenship boundaries of the Malaysian national political identity. The incorporation of Singaporean citizens into the Malaysian political community was controversial, as it was closely related to electoral stakes. The ruling People’s Action Party and the Alliance Party attempted to delineate the political sphere of the population of each political unit through the demarcation between ‘citizenship’ and ‘nationality’. However, the citizenship crisis continued to trouble the relationship of these states to the point that both parties breached the perceived agreement not to interfere with the other’s political sphere of influence. This sphere of influence was delineated on the basis of race, thus cutting across political territory rather than territorial attributes. The ideological clashes over the meaning of citizenship that arose during the political merger of Singapore and Malaya, show that a truly Malaysian citizenship could not be developed-only a Malaysia of citizens.

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6

Ko, Soo Meng, and Ee Heok Kua. "Ethnicity and Elderly Suicide in Singapore." International Psychogeriatrics 7, no. 2 (June 1995): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610295002067.

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In the cosmopolitan city of Singapore the annual suicide rates in the general population from 1985 to 1991 remained fairly constant, with a mean of 15.3 per 100,000. It was highest among Indians (19.5 per 100,000), followed by Chinese (16.2 per 100,000) and Malays (2.3 per 100,000). The suicide rates were higher in elderly people (aged 65 years and over) than in younger age groups (10 to 64 years) and in males than in females. For the elderly, the mean annual suicide rate for this period was 52.0 per 100,000. However, it was highest among Chinese, with 59.3 per 100,000, followed by Indians at 33.9 per 100,000, and, again, lowest among Malays, with 3.0 per 100,000. Possible sociocultural factors are proposed to account for differences in suicide rates among these ethnic groups.

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7

Viegas, O. A. C., W. P. Leong, Y. T. Chia, S. C. Yeoh, and S. S. Ratnam. "Ethnicity and obstetric performance in Singapore." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 2 (April 1995): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000022665.

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SummaryThe influence of ethnicity on obstetric performance in Singapore was assessed by retrospective analysis of all deliveries in the National University Hospital over a 7-year period. Malay mothers were younger, shorter, less educated, of higher parity, were more likely to have had no antenatal care, and had the highest incidence of premature labour. However, mothers of Indian origin had the smallest babies, the highest incidence of low birth weight and significantly higher perinatal mortality rates. Chinese mothers fared better than their Malay and Indian counterparts in all parameters assessed. The ethnic origin of the mother has an important bearing on perinatal performance. This emphasises the importance of designing appropriate strategies to improve perinatal health in the different ethnic groups.

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8

Wong, Kevin Zi-Hao, and Ying-Ying Tan. "Mandarinization and the construction of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore." Chinese Language and Discourse 8, no. 1 (September 21, 2017): 18–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.8.1.02won.

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Abstract This paper examines the process of Mandarinization in Singapore, and the effects of this process on the construction of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore. It does this through an analysis of official government speeches, followed by a questionnaire study examining the beliefs and attitudes of Chinese Singaporeans toward three varieties of Mandarin-Chinese, as well as Chinese “dialects” and English. The discourse analysis reveals an underlying assertion of a primordial relationship between Mandarin-Chinese and Chinese ethnicity. This, however, is not reflected in the beliefs of Chinese Singaporeans, who value Mandarin-Chinese for mainly instrumental reasons, and associated with a foreign standard. Chinese ethnicity in Singapore is instead constructed through a combination of Mandarin-Chinese, “dialects” and English. Ultimately, such a discrepancy results from Mandrinization’s dependence on an oversimplified understanding of language and ethnicity in Singapore.

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9

Soh, Ying Qi, Junwen Lee, and Ying-Ying Tan. "Ethnicity and Tone Production on Singlish Particles." Languages 7, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030243.

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Recent research on Singlish, also known as Colloquial Singapore English, suggests that it is subject to ethnic variation across the three major ethnic groups in Singapore, namely Chinese, Malay, and Indian. Discourse particles, said to be one of the most distinctive features of the language, are nevertheless commonly used by bilinguals across all three ethnic groups. This study seeks to determine whether there are ethnic differences in the pitch contours of Singlish discourse particles produced by Singlish speakers. Four hundred and forty-four tokens of three Singlish particles, sia24, meh55, and what21, produced by the three groups of English-speaking bilingual speakers were drawn from the National Speech Corpus, and the pitch contours extracted and normalized. Statistical analysis of the overall pitch contours, the three acoustic parameters of mean pitch, pitch range, and pitch movement, and the variability of these parameters showed that the effect of ethnicity on the three acoustic parameters was not statistically significant and that the pitch contours of each particle were generally similar across ethnic groups. The results of this study suggest that Singlish may be acquired as a first language by Singaporean speakers, pre-empting any ethnic differences in the production of the particles that might otherwise have resulted from the speakers’ differing language repertoires.

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10

Gupta, Anthea Fraser. "Nirmala Srirekam PuruShotam, Negotiating language, constructing race: Disciplining difference in Singapore. (Contributions to the sociology of language, 79.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1998. Pp. viii, 294. Hb DM 178.00." Language in Society 29, no. 2 (April 2000): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500352046.

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Singapore has been much discussed as a highly developed, multilingual, multicultural city-state with a clearly articulated language policy, implemented by a strong government as part of its efforts at social engineering. Singapore's policies are variously derided and praised. Some of those who have written on the sociology of language in Singapore have reiterated government policy with little or no assessment of its meaning; thus one regularly reads that all children in Singapore receive education in English and in their mother tongue – a statement that cannot be understood without a grasp of what the concept “mother tongue” means in Singapore's socio-political system. PuruShotam's book comes from a group of scholars who are working with a theoretically informed perspective on language and ethnicity, which questions terminologies and seeks to understand how notions like “race,” “mother tongue,” and “language” work as social constructs. In Singapore this approach has been especially associated with the sociologists Geoffrey Benjamin, Sharon Siddique, Chua Beng Huat, and PuruShotam herself.

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11

Quah, Stella R. "Ethnicity and Parenting Styles Among Singapore Families." Marriage & Family Review 35, no. 3-4 (January 6, 2003): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j002v35n03_05.

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12

Siddique, Sharon. "The Phenomenology of Ethnicity: A Singapore Case-Study." Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 5, no. 1 (February 1990): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/sj5-1b.

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13

Wee, C. J. W. L. "Capitalism and ethnicity: creating 'local' culture in Singapore." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (January 2000): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/146493700361042.

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14

Mustofa, Ali. "Ras, Etnisitas, dan Identitas Dalam Novel Batas Langit Karya Mohamed Latiff Mohamed." ATAVISME 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v11i1.320.1-12.

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This article describes the issues of post-colonialism in one of contemporary Singaporean literatures Batas langit by Mohamed Latiff Mohamed: Post-colonial issues explored in the present paper are race, ethnicity, and identity. Latiff has successfully obscured his views about Malay people and their culture. His views are somewhat skeptical and pessimistic. However, Latiff has been successfully transforming the existentialism views into his works, and has made him one of the great authors of Singapore.

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15

Tan, Amelia Li Min, Sarah R. Langley, Chee Fan Tan, Jin Fang Chai, Chin Meng Khoo, Melvin Khee-Shing Leow, Eric Yin Hao Khoo, et al. "Ethnicity-Specific Skeletal Muscle Transcriptional Signatures and Their Relevance to Insulin Resistance in Singapore." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 2 (August 21, 2018): 465–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00309.

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Abstract Context Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity differ among ethnic groups in Singapore, with the Malays more obese yet less IR than Asian-Indians. However, the molecular basis underlying these differences is not clear. Objective As the skeletal muscle (SM) is metabolically relevant to IR, we investigated molecular pathways in SM that are associated with ethnic differences in IR, obesity, and related traits. Design, Setting, and Main Outcome Measures We integrated transcriptomic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses in 156 healthy subjects representing three major ethnicities in the Singapore Adult Metabolism Study. Patients This study contains Chinese (n = 63), Malay (n = 51), and Asian-Indian (n = 42) men, aged 21 to 40 years, without systemic diseases. Results We found remarkable diversity in the SM transcriptome among the three ethnicities, with >8000 differentially expressed genes (40% of all genes expressed in SM). Comparison with blood transcriptome from a separate Singaporean cohort showed that >95% of SM expression differences among ethnicities were unique to SM. We identified a network of 46 genes that were specifically downregulated in Malays, suggesting dysregulation of components of cellular respiration in SM of Malay individuals. We also report 28 differentially expressed gene clusters, four of which were also enriched for genes that were found in genome-wide association studies of metabolic traits and disease and correlated with variation in IR, obesity, and related traits. Conclusion We identified extensive gene-expression changes in SM among the three Singaporean ethnicities and report specific genes and molecular pathways that might underpin and explain the differences in IR among these ethnic groups.

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16

Saat, Norshahril. "Singapore Beyond Ethnicity: Rethinking the Group Representative Constituency Scheme." Round Table 105, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2016.1154386.

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17

Lowe, John, and Mairtin Mac an Ghaill. "The postcolonial ambiguities of Eurasian pan-ethnicity in Singapore." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 24, no. 2 (June 2015): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196815579955.

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18

Porath, Nathan. "Race, Ethnicity, and the State in Malaysia and Singapore." Comparative Sociology 8, no. 1 (2009): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913308x384766.

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19

Lim, L. K.-Y., D. A. Enarson, A. J. Reid, S. Satyanarayana, J. Cutter, K. M. Kyi Win, C. B.-E. Chee, and Y. T. Wang. "Notified tuberculosis among Singapore residents by ethnicity, 2002–2011." Public Health Action 3, no. 4 (December 21, 2013): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.13.0055.

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20

Kian, Kwee Hui. "Studies on the Chinese in Southeast Asia in the twenty-first century." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 166, no. 4 (2010): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003614.

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Review of: Michael D. Barr and Zlatko Skrbis, Constructing Singapore; Elitism, ethnicity and the nation-building project. Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2008, xiii + 304 pp. ISBN 978877694028, price GBP 50.00 (hardback); 9788776940294, GBP 16.99 (paperback). Marleen Dieleman, The rhythm of strategy; A corporate biography of the Salim Group of Indonesia. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2007, 205 pp. [ICAS Publications Series, Monograph 1.] ISBN 9789053560334. Price: EUR 29.50 (paperback). Kristina Goransson, The binding tie; Chinese intergenerational relations in modern Singapore. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2009, x + 191 pp. ISBN 9780824832599, price USD 57.00 (hardback); 9780824833527, USD 26.00 (paperback). Chang-Yau Hoon, Chinese identity in post-Suharto Indonesia; Culture, politics and media. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2008, xi + 230 pp. ISBN 9781845192686. Price: GBP 49.95 (hardback). Leo Suryadinata, Understanding the ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2007, x + 310 pp. ISBN 9789812304377. Price: USD 21.90 (paperback). Sikko Visscher, The business of politics and ethnicity; A history of the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Singapore: NUS Press, 2007, xviii + 372 pp. ISBN 97899713657. Price: USD 32.00 (paperback). Voon Phin Keong (ed.), Malaysian Chinese and nation-building; Before Merdeka and fifty years after. Vol. 2. Kuala Lumpur: Centre for Malaysian Chinese Studies, 2008. ISBN 9789833808066 (hardback); 9789833908059 (paperback).

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21

Chua, Vincent, Eik Leong Swee, and Barry Wellman. "Getting Ahead in Singapore: How Neighborhoods, Gender, and Ethnicity Affect Enrollment into Elite Schools." Sociology of Education 92, no. 2 (March 5, 2019): 176–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038040719835489.

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Is education the social leveler it promises to be? Nowhere is this question better addressed than in Singapore, the emblematic modern-day meritocracy where education has long been hailed as the most important ticket to elite status. In particular, what accounts for gender and ethnic gaps in enrollment into Singapore’s elite junior colleges—the key sorters in the country’s education system? We consider how the wealth of neighborhoods has combined with the elite status of schools to affect the social mobility of gender and ethnic groups. Analyzing data from 40 years of junior college yearbooks (1971–2010), we find persistent differences in educational opportunity. Women and Malays have historically experienced inequality in Singapore, and their student routes to becoming elites differ markedly. For female students, attending an elite junior college in a wealthy neighborhood is associated with wealthy neighborhoods that have a disproportionate number of elite girls’ secondary schools that feed into the junior colleges. By contrast, for Malays, not attending an elite junior college in a wealthy neighborhood has more to do with wealthy neighborhoods underrepresenting Malays in demographic composition. Elite families thus now include better educated women as well as men, yet Malays still rarely become better educated elites. These results underscore the need to carefully map the complex associations and mechanisms between gender and ethnic categorizations, the status of schools, and the characteristics of neighborhoods.

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22

Seet, K. K. "Interpellation, Ideology and Identity: The Case of Talaq." Theatre Research International 27, no. 2 (June 18, 2002): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883302000238.

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The Singapore play, Talaq, was denied a public entertainment licence in October 2000 despite having been staged twice before, and its producer was arrested for trespassing when she refused to vacate the theatre in her bid to document the rehearsal process. The controversy, staged as a meta-drama by the print and broadcast media, reveals much about the cultural dynamics of Singapore's arts scene in respect of state subvention and artistic freedom, and the play itself raises questions about the performance of gender and ethnicity, as well as the political anatomy of the performing body.

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23

Brown, David. "Globalisation, ethnicity and the nation‐state: The case of Singapore." Australian Journal of International Affairs 52, no. 1 (April 1998): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357719808445236.

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24

Chen, Tuo-Yu, Pey June Tan, and Angelique Chan. "Ethnicity predicts falls among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 18, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13143.

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25

LIM, LINDA Y. C. "BEYOND GENDER: THE IMPACT OF AGE, ETHNICITY, NATIONALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH ON WOMEN IN THE SINGAPORE ECONOMY." Singapore Economic Review 60, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590815500204.

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This paper examines trends in women's labor force participation, sectoral and occupational distribution, and wage incomes relative to men, including by age and education. Since 1980, gender disparities in virtually all categories have substantially narrowed; those remaining result from women's continued disproportionate responsibility for family care, and additional factors affecting women at the highest levels of the labor force and income distribution. There are some areas of concern for women's economic future in Singapore, including the impacts of ageing, foreign labor and immigration, and wage stagnation experienced by low-income families under Singapore's economic development model.

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Ansah, John P., Victoria Koh, Dirk F. de Korne, Steffen Bayer, Chong Pan, Jayabaskar Thiyagarajan, David B. Matchar, Ecosse Lamoureux, and Desmond Quek. "Projection of Eye Disease Burden in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 47, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v47n1p13.

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Introduction: Singapore’s ageing population is likely to see an increase in chronic eye conditions in the future. This study aimed to estimate the burden of eye diseases among resident Singaporeans stratified for age and ethnicity by 2040. Materials and Methods: Prevalence data on myopia, epiretinal membrane (ERM), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), age macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), cataract, glaucoma and refractive error (RE) by age cohorts and educational attainment from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) study were applied to population estimates from the Singapore population model. Results: All eye conditions are projected to increase by 2040. Myopia and RE will remain the most prevalent condition, at 2.393 million (2.32 to 2.41 million) cases, representing a 58% increase from 2015. It is followed by cataract and ERM, with 1.33 million (1.31 to 1.35 million), representing an 81% increase, and 0.54 million (0.53 to 0.549 million) cases representing a 97% increase, respectively. Eye conditions that will see the greatest increase from 2015 to 2040 in the Chinese are: DR (112%), glaucoma (100%) and ERM (91.4%). For Malays, DR (154%), ERM (136%), and cataract (122%) cases are expected to increase the most while for Indians, ERM (112%), AMD (101%), and cataract (87%) are estimated to increase the most in the same period. Conclusion: Results indicate that the burden for all eye diseases is expected to increase significantly into the future, but at different rates. These projections can facilitate the planning efforts of both policymakers and healthcare providers in the development and provision of infrastructure and resources to adequately meet the eye care needs of the population. By stratifying for age and ethnicity, high risk groups may be identified and targeted interventions may be implemented. Key words: Ophthalmology, System dynamics

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Phan, Thao P., Leontine Alkema, E. Shyong Tai, Kristin H. X. Tan, Qian Yang, Wei-Yen Lim, Yik Ying Teo, et al. "Forecasting the burden of type 2 diabetes in Singapore using a demographic epidemiological model of Singapore." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 2, no. 1 (June 2014): e000012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2013-000012.

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ObjectiveSingapore is a microcosm of Asia as a whole, and its rapidly ageing, increasingly sedentary population heralds the chronic health problems other Asian countries are starting to face and will likely face in the decades ahead. Forecasting the changing burden of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes in Singapore is vital to plan the resources needed and motivate preventive efforts.MethodsThis paper describes an individual-level simulation model that uses evidence synthesis from multiple data streams—national statistics, national health surveys, and four cohort studies, and known risk factors—aging, obesity, ethnicity, and genetics—to forecast the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Singapore. This comprises submodels for mortality, fertility, migration, body mass index trajectories, genetics, and workforce participation, parameterized using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, and permits forecasts by ethnicity and employment status.ResultsWe forecast that the obesity prevalence will quadruple from 4.3% in 1990 to 15.9% in 2050, while the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed) among Singapore adults aged 18–69 will double from 7.3% in 1990 to 15% in 2050, that ethnic Indians and Malays will bear a disproportionate burden compared with the Chinese majority, and that the number of patients with diabetes in the workforce will grow markedly.ConclusionsIf the recent rise in obesity prevalence continues, the lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes in Singapore will be one in two by 2050 with concomitant implications for greater healthcare expenditure, productivity losses, and the targeting of health promotion programmes.

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Vaingankar, Janhavi A., Mythily Subramaniam, Edimansyah Abdin, Louisa Picco, Amy Phua, Boon Yiang Chua, and Siow Ann Chong. "Socio-demographic Correlates of Positive Mental Health and Differences by Depression and Anxiety in an Asian Community Sample." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 42, no. 10 (October 15, 2013): 514–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v42n10p514.

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Introduction: Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument is a self-administered multidimensional measure that is validated in the adult multi-ethnic Asian population in Singapore and comprises General Coping (GC), Emotional Support (ES), Spirituality, Interpersonal Skills (IS), Personal Growth and Autonomy (PGA) and Global Affect (GA) domains. This paper aimed to (i) examine socio-demographic differences and identify correlates for the total PMH and domain-specific scores in the sample, and (ii) compare the PMH total score for respondents with and without depression or anxiety. Materials and Methods: Singapore residents aged 21 to 65 years, of Chinese, Malay or Indian ethnicity and residing in households across Singapore (n = 404) completed the 47-item PMH instrument in an anonymous survey. Socio-demographic information was obtained during the survey and respondents also completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 scale to establish depression and anxiety. Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine for differences in PMH scores by socio-demographic groups and between those with and without depression and anxiety. Results: The total PMH score was significantly different across ethnicity and marital status in the bivariate analysis. After multivariate analysis, ethnicity remained a significant correlate for total PMH and the 6 domain-specific PMH scores, marital status correlated with Spirituality, educational level was associated with IS; while gender was associated with ES and PGA. Significantly lower PMH total scores were observed for those with depression and anxiety as compared to those without. Conclusion: Socio-demographic correlates of PMH were identified in an Asian community sample. PMH scores were significantly lower among those with depression and anxiety. Key words: Ethnicity, Marital status, Positive mental health, Spirituality

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LIM, EMILY Z. K., and CLAIRE L. THOMPSON. "Measuring active ageing among older adults in Singapore." Ageing and Society 36, no. 9 (November 25, 2015): 1853–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15001312.

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ABSTRACTActive Ageing is conceptualised to measure the extent to which older people remain actively engaged with life. However, there is no evidence that the concept of Active Ageing is actually associated with the activity levels of older persons. Influences of age, ethnicity and spirituality on Active Ageing are also unexplored. Using the Active Ageing Index (AAI), this study examines whether the level of Active Ageing predicted the actual activity level of 120 Singaporeans of Chinese, Malay and Indians ethnicities, aged 55–64 years old or 65 years and above. Spirituality, measured by the Spirituality Index of Well-Being, was added to the AAI, to see if the predictive power of AAI improved. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the AAI alone (controlling for age) did not significantly predict the activity level of older persons. The predictive power of the AAI improved significantly with spirituality included. Two-way between-groups Analysis of Variance revealed main effects of age and ethnicity, with higher AAI in those aged 55–64 and in Indian-Singaporeans. These findings suggest that the theoretical construct of Active Ageing needs further examination to identify the domains that distinguish it from chronological age, and support broadening the construct by including spirituality in Active Ageing.

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30

Michel, Boris. "Book Review: Constructing Singapore. Elitism, Ethnicity and the Nation-Building Project." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 28, no. 4 (December 2009): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810340902800407.

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31

Gan, Patrick, Jun Cheng Er, Kenneth Chow, Benjamin Er, Joanne Sheot Harn Chan, Angela Li, and Kyaw Thu Aung. "Consumption Patterns of Processed Foods in Singapore—A Cross-Sectional Study." Foods 11, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182782.

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The consumption of processed foods is increasingly widespread and could have an impact on diet quality and health. Understanding the factors influencing people’s eating habits is useful for assessing such impact. There are limited data on the consumption patterns of processed foods and associated factors influencing the dietary patterns in Singapore. This cross-sectional study based on a food frequency questionnaire aimed to examine how the consumption of processed foods among 2079 Singapore residents aged 18 to 89 years varies with sociodemographic factors. The analysis of the consumption by processed food groups showed that the studied factors, i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, housing and health status, all contributed to differences in processed food consumption to varying extents, with ethnicity being the key factor driving the variation. Such differences were also confirmed to a limited degree by determining another measure of consumption, i.e., a processed food variety score. The findings in this study could inform further work in relation to dietary risks.

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32

Sutherland, Heather. "The Sulu Zone Revisited." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 35, no. 1 (February 2004): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463404000074.

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Iranun and Balangingi. Globalization, maritime raiding and the birth of ethnicity By JAMES FRANCIS WARREN Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2002. Pp. xxii, 585. Maps, Figures, Tables, Notes, Bibliography, Index.James Warren's rewarding Iranun and Balangingi (2002) expands on his classic The Sulu Zone (1981) but retains the explanatory model: Southern Philippine slave-raiding (1768–1898) was caused by the capitalist world economy's demand for commodities. This essay suggests that Warren's depiction of servility is too undifferentiated, that he may have overestimated labour needs and elite control while underestimating free trade.

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St. André, James. "Revealing the invisible." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 18, no. 1 (December 5, 2006): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.18.1.08sta.

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Despite official disapproval, playwrights and their translators in Singapore use heterolingualism to establish a Singaporean identity. Kuo Pao Kun’s work shows us the “little man” and demonstrates that English is the language of power. Quah Sy Ren’s work explores the plight of the local Chinese-speaker, suggesting that Chinese-Singaporeans are more firmly anchored in their cultural identity. In Alfian Sa’at’s work the single heterolingual speaker is splintered into a variety of roles shaped by age, ethnicity, and gender, with heterolingualism being a mark of intergenerational and interracial tension. These three plays offer three solutions to the problem of forging a Singaporean identity: one based on Singlish, one based on Chinese, and one based on multilingualism and translation. They destabilize the notion of independent and self-sufficient languages, thereby challenging the notion of equivalence in translation.

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Thimm, Viola. "“I can give you money but there is no use. The best thing I [can] give you is education.” Negotiating Educational Migration and Gender in a Chinese Malaysian family." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2015.25.

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AbstractOver the past two decades, Singapore has steadily become a popular destination for migrants. While the reasons for migrating to Singapore are many and contextual, labour and education have been the primary driving factors for attracting migrants from around the world to Singapore. Although a popular migrants’ destination, education and migration policies in Singapore are often gendered, and are negotiated along and across other axes of identification and differentiation such as ethnicity and ideas of ‘modernity’. This article analyses gendered educational migration from Malaysia to Singapore focusing particularly on how educational migration leads to female self-transformation. Specifically, I argue that social actors negotiate educational migration within their gendered family constellations. The article first contextualises the empirical material by illustrating socio-historical processes in Singapore and Malaysia. In the next sections, I discuss my ethnographic methods and examine a brief history of the state of research in gender and educational migration. In conclusion, I offer a significant contribution to the growing and important body of scholarship on gender and transnational families by illustrating how gender is negotiated in migration using the case of a single Chinese woman's migration journey to becoming a ‘modern woman’.

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Tam, Waikeung. "Women’s Political Representation in a Hybrid and Patriarchal Regime: Evidence from Singapore." Parliamentary Affairs 73, no. 4 (June 30, 2019): 759–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsz019.

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AbstractThis article investigates women’s political representation in a hybrid and patriarchal regime—Singapore. Specifically, it examines whether female legislators in Singapore put more emphasis on women’s rights and traditional women’s concerns than male legislators. We answer this question through conducting content analyses of the questions raised by legislators at the plenary meetings during the 10th–12th Parliaments of Singapore (2002–2015). Our results demonstrate that female legislators in Singapore were more likely to provide substantive representation on women’s interests than male legislators. Besides gender, this study shows that legislators’ political affiliation crucially affected the likelihood of them to represent traditional women’s concerns but not women’s rights. Opposition legislators were more likely than People’s Action Party legislators to ask questions on traditional women’s concerns. Finally, legislators’ ethnicity mattered, given that ethnic minority legislators (Malay, Indian and Eurasian legislators) were more likely to raise questions on women’s rights and traditional women’s concerns (except environment) than Chinese legislators.

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Tan, Yi Wen, Sumithra Suppiah, Mary Ann C. Bautista, and Rahul Malhotra. "Polypharmacy among community-dwelling elderly in Singapore: Prevalence, risk factors and association with medication non-adherence." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 28, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105819868485.

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Background: Polypharmacy, given its link with drug interactions, potentially inappropriate medications and medication non-adherence, may pose a significant health risk, especially among the elderly. A comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of polypharmacy is essential for countries facing population ageing and growing chronic disease burden, like Singapore. Objectives: We assessed the prevalence and risk factors of polypharmacy (⩾5 prescription medications) among community-dwelling elderly in Singapore and established the association of polypharmacy with medication non-adherence. Methods: We used data from a national sample of 1499 community-dwelling elderly aged ⩾66 years. Using logistic regression, we assessed the association of socio-demographic, health and healthcare use variables with polypharmacy, and polypharmacy with medication non-adherence. Results: The weighted prevalence of polypharmacy was 14.5%. In multivariable analysis, elderly who were men (versus women), with ⩾2 (versus 0–1) chronic diseases, aged ⩾85 (versus 66–69) years, and of Malay and Indian (versus Chinese) ethnicity were significantly more likely to have polypharmacy; healthcare use variables were not associated. Polypharmacy was significantly correlated with medication non-adherence. Conclusions: The prevalence of polypharmacy among community-dwelling elderly in Singapore is lower than that reported in other countries; however, polypharmacy is associated with medication non-adherence. Elderly subgroups, defined by gender, health status, age and ethnicity, who are at a higher risk of polypharmacy will benefit from medication review and de-prescribing services.

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Holman, Joanna, and Dharmalingam Arunachalam. "Representing harmony and diversity: media representations of multiculturalism and ethnicity in Singapore." Asian Ethnicity 16, no. 4 (July 7, 2015): 498–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2015.1062070.

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Brendan Luyt. "Colonialism, Ethnicity, and Geopolitics in the Development of the Singapore National Library." Libraries & the Cultural Record 44, no. 4 (2009): 418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lac.0.0101.

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Phua, Yong Han, Cynthia Ong, Joanne Mei Xin Chan, and Christopher Kiu Choong Syn. "Autosomal and Y-STR: A combinatory approach to ethnicity inference in Singapore." Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 6 (December 2017): e273-e274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.086.

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Park, Su Hyun, Mary Nicolaou, Borame Sue Lee Dickens, Qianyu Yang, Ken Wei Tan, and Rob M. Dam. "Ethnicity, Neighborhood and Individual Socioeconomic Status, and Obesity: The Singapore Multiethnic Cohort." Obesity 28, no. 12 (October 16, 2020): 2405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22995.

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Stimp, Joseph. "Growing Up Malay in Singapore." Asian Journal of Social Science 25, no. 2 (1997): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/030382497x00202.

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AbstractThis article discusses the specific articulations of Malay identity for Malay secondary school students in one housing estate in Singapore. It focuses on the tensions and cultural processes in national identity formation as they affect Malay students. This discussion is facilitated through the juxtaposition of the concepts of Malay and non-Malay identity in Singapore. The article also deals with the issue of lower levels of achievement by Malay students. Schools in Singapore provide a myriad combination of choices for many students that result in interpretations and reinterpretations of identity based on situations that vary in place, participation and purpose. Being Malay in Singapore is a complex process that requires a negotiation of identity in the context of competing and sometimes conflicting models which change according to the situation. The choices presented to Malay school students reflect the same choices available in broader society; however, the school provides a common venue for those identity forms to interact. Being a Malay in Singapore is a compromise. The instances of this compromise are articulated on a continuum that runs from the hegemony of an overarching Malay ethnicity to the dissolution of this Malayness into a hybrid cultural identity. Lower performance may be an adaptive response for Malays in Singapore. The real issue may be that for many Malays, co-operation in the system of schooling means an acknowledgment of social inferiority.

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Barakathullah, Malik M., Elias Jakobus Willemse, Bige Tunçer, and Roland Bouffanais. "Probabilistic Modelling of Demographic Changes in Singapore’s Neighbourhoods." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032032.

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Abstract Predicting the temporal evolution of the demography and the residents’ spatial movements would immensely aid the estate development and urban planning. The evolution of population in three townships of Singapore is simulated at neighbourhood scale using a novel agent-based probabilistic approach with inputs from large-scale survey and statistical data. The demographic changes due to age-dependent rates of death and fertility are studied by considering the inter-ethnic marriages that has a varying probability depending on the ethnicities of the male and female partners. The predicted changes in the age and household compositions and family types have been found to reflect the population trends in Singapore over the past years. The decline in family types that contain children and the structure of age composition over years underline the issue of prevailing low fertility rates. The strategies for incorporating the population relocation to consider the long-term spatial movement are also discussed. In Singapore’s context, we consider in the relocation model an added complexity of ethnic quota for the residential units developed by public housing board. The ethnicity dependent parameter coupled with other parameters that represent the number of children in a household besides their size, the household income, the proximity of children’s schools, and the places of employment could play a strong role in predicting the spatial evolution of the residents. These predictions can be used by the urban planners and policy makers to improve the quality of life in Singapore.

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Tay, Mary W. J. "Bilingual Communities: National/Regional Profiles and Verbal Repertoires of Southeast Asia/Sameo." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 6 (March 1985): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003135.

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In this paper, Southeast Asia is defined as the region made up of: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It is a region of great diversity. Each country has its own characteristic heterogeneity in ethnicity, culture, and language. There is also marked contrast in size; compare tiny Singapore (area: 618 sq. km.; population: 2.5 million) with Indonesia, the world's largest archipelago (area: 2 million sq. km. [actually 3,000 islands having that total area]; population: 146.7 million). Nonetheless, the identity of the region is recognizable, for it has certain common diagnostic features of multilingualism which distinguish it from other bilingual communities such as those in Europe and America.

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Teh, Wen Lin, Edimansyah Abdin, Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar, Esmond Seow, Vathsala Sagayadevan, Saleha Shafie, Shazana Shahwan, et al. "Prevalence of stroke, risk factors, disability and care needs in older adults in Singapore: results from the WiSE study." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e020285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020285.

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ObjectivesThe aims of the present study were to establish the prevalence of stroke, and to explore the association between stroke prevalence and sociodemographic and health factors, disability, cognitive functioning and care needs among older adult residents in Singapore.SettingData were drawn from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly study—a cross-sectional epidemiological survey conducted from 2012 to 2013 on older adults living in Singapore.ParticipantsParticipants were Singapore residents (citizens and permanent residents) 60 years and above who were living in Singapore during the survey period . Older adult residents who were institutionalised were also included in this study. Those who were not living in Singapore or who were not contactable were excluded from the study. The response rate was 65.6 % (2565/3913). A total population sample of 2562 participants completed the survey. Participants comprised 43.6% males and 56.4% females. The sample comprised 39.4% Chinese, 29.1% Malay, 30.1% Indian and 1.4% other ethnicities .Primary and secondary outcome measuresHistory of stroke, along with other health and mental health conditions, disability and cognitive functioning, were determined by self-report.ResultsWeighted stroke prevalence was 7.6% among older adults aged 60 and above. At a multivariate level, Malay ethnicity (OR 0.41, p=0.012, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.82), hypertension (OR 4.58, p=0.001, 95% CI 1.84 to 11.40), heart trouble (OR 2.45, p=0.006, 95% CI 1.30 to 4.63), diabetes (OR 2.60, p=0.001, 95% CI 1.49 to 4.53) and dementia (OR 3.57, p=0.002, 95% CI 1.57 to 8.12) were associated with stroke prevalence.ConclusionsSeveral findings of this study were consistent with previous reports. Given that Singapore’s population is ageing rapidly, our findings may indicate the need to review existing support services for stroke survivors and their caregivers. Future research could investigate the association between various sociodemographic and health conditions and stroke prevalence to confirm some of the findings of this study.

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Park, Su Hyun, Edimansyah Abdin, Luo Nan, Mythily Subramaniam, Linda Wei Lin Tan, and Rob M. van Dam. "Adaptation and Validation of a Short Acculturation Scale in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population." Psych 3, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych3010004.

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The Short Acculturation Scale (SAS) has been widely used for assessing the level of the acculturation of migrants in Western countries. However, the validity of SAS for use in cosmopolitan settings without a single prevailing culture is unclear. We examined the validity and reliability of a version of the SAS adapted to a multi-ethnic Asian society. We used cross-sectional data from 12,610 Singaporean citizens and permanent residents, aged 21–75 years, of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ethnicity. Our version used 11 items, with 5 questions on language use, 3 on media use, and 3 on ethnic social relations, to measure acculturation. Our version of the SAS had good internal consistency. The three-factor CFA model had a good fit to our data. The results from the multiple group CFA supported metric invariance and partial scalar invariance across the three ethnic groups. The total score was positively correlated with generation in Singapore and the number of languages spoken. Among first generation immigrants, country of origin, but not the duration of residence was significantly associated with the acculturation score. Our three-factor version of the SAS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring acculturation in Singapore residents. These findings indicate that adapted SAS can be used to assess acculturation in multicultural settings.

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Chan, Cheow Thia. "Off-Center Articulations." Prism 19, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-9966687.

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Abstract Recent studies on Singapore Chinese literature have employed analytical lenses such as the Sinophone and postloyalism, which are exogenous to the historical and everyday experiences in the region that produced the texts. This article proposes using the lens of the Chinese-educated to bridge local self-understandings with extralocal modes of interpretation, in order to better illuminate place-specific writing practices. As a salient category of both lived experience and analysis by local researchers, the category of the Chinese-educated occasions a form of “off-center articulation” that maintains strategic distance from Sinophone studies while also enriching the field's conceptual repertoire. Specifically, this analytical perspective highlights how literary representations of social class play a significant role, alongside language and ethnicity, in registering the historical diversity of the Singapore Chinese community. Through examining Singaporean Chinese writer Chia Joo Ming's novel Exile or Pursuit (2015), this article reinterprets the novel's gallery of characters and depictions of interpersonal relations to elicit fading memories of socioeconomic divides and gaps in cultural attainment among ethnic Chinese Singaporeans and their migrant predecessors. It ends by charting future directions for Southeast Asian Chinese literary studies that collectively track a broader locus of “Chinese-educated” literary and cultural practices, and that promote critical inter-referencing within the region.

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Nazeha, Nuraini, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Michael Soljak, Gerard Dunleavy, Nanthini Visvalingam, Ushashree Divakar, Ram Chandra Bajpai, Chee Kiong Soh, George Christopoulos, and Josip Car. "A Comparative Study of International and Asian Criteria for Overweight or Obesity at Workplaces in Singapore." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 33, no. 4 (March 14, 2021): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539521998855.

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To compare the prevalence of and risk factors associated with overweight or obesity between the international (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) and Asian (BMI ≥23 kg/m2) criteria in a working population in Singapore. This was a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study of 464 employees (aged ≥21 years) conducted at 4 workplaces in Singapore. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 47.4% and 67.0% with the international and Asian criteria, respectively. With both the criteria, higher age, male sex, Malay ethnicity (vs Chinese), lower white rice intake, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were positively associated with overweight or obesity. Participants with poorer mental health and higher levels of thermal comfort in the workplace were positively associated with overweight or obesity only with the Asian criteria. The use of international criteria alone in this population could have overlooked these risk factors that are highly relevant to the Singapore context.

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Phua, Voon Chin, and Lai Ah Eng. "Meanings of Multiethnicity: A Case-Study of Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations in Singapore." International Migration Review 31, no. 4 (1997): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2547432.

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Liu, Hong. "Beyond co-ethnicity: the politics of differentiating and integrating new immigrants in Singapore." Ethnic and Racial Studies 37, no. 7 (April 9, 2014): 1225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2014.892630.

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Nelson, L. B. "Myopia, Lifestyle and Schooling in Students of Chinese Ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney." Yearbook of Ophthalmology 2009 (January 2009): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-392x(09)79154-3.

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