Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethnicité – Politique et gouvernement – Europe'
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Hillard, Pierre. "La contribution de l'Allemagne à la construction européenne." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05D012.
Full textThis thesis strives towards the objective to explain the Germany’s politic ambitions in Europe despite its various political regimes. With many german settlements in east europe, a political organisation in favour of autonomy is born. This pure german principe to XVIII century becomes more and more europeanized from XIX century. The first part deals with the german linguistic consciousness from Middle Ages to the development of european’s constitution project. A second part deals with the renewal of ethnicism in European Union and the very important role of Germany in favour of it. Finally, the third part deals with political weapons which allows a new territorial construction in Europe in order to integrate the old continent in the new world order
Landais, Benjamin. "Nations, privilèges et ethnicité à l'époque des Lumières : l'intégration de la société banataise dans la monarchie habsbourgeoise au XVIIIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG025.
Full textThe Banat is a large region of the Balkans. It was conquered in 1716 by the Habsburg power over the Ottoman Empire and then governed directly from Vienna. In this context, the Habsburg civil servants made a pragmatic use of national categories. They were a means to determine an acceptable political behaviour towards groups defined by vague social boundaries, while respecting traditional middlemen and using the vernacular for political communication. However, the action of this strictly fiscal and military State was called into question by the widening of its prerogatives and the arrival of a new generation of civil servants in 1769. The influence of Kameralismus and the administrative statistic led the latter to consider the nations from a cultural point of view. But this imposed identity did not seem to be taken up by the population. On the contrary, people began to use the old sense of the privileged “nations” in their political claims directed to the emperor in the 1780s
Landais, Benjamin. "Nations, privilèges et ethnicité à l'époque des Lumières : l'intégration de la société banataise dans la monarchie habsbourgeoise au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG025.
Full textThe Banat is a large region of the Balkans. It was conquered in 1716 by the Habsburg power over the Ottoman Empire and then governed directly from Vienna. In this context, the Habsburg civil servants made a pragmatic use of national categories. They were a means to determine an acceptable political behaviour towards groups defined by vague social boundaries, while respecting traditional middlemen and using the vernacular for political communication. However, the action of this strictly fiscal and military State was called into question by the widening of its prerogatives and the arrival of a new generation of civil servants in 1769. The influence of Kameralismus and the administrative statistic led the latter to consider the nations from a cultural point of view. But this imposed identity did not seem to be taken up by the population. On the contrary, people began to use the old sense of the privileged “nations” in their political claims directed to the emperor in the 1780s
Bonnard, Pascal. "Le gouvernement de l’ethnicité en Europe post-soviétique : une sociologie politique des luttes de classification autour des populations minoritaires en Lettonie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D130.
Full textThis dissertation examines the conditions and mechanisms which activate ethnicity in post-Soviet Europe as a potent way to define oneself, to describe the social world and to act in it. The research draws on an analysis of statistical and administrative instruments which identify people according to their ethnicity. It also draws on a set of face-to-face interviews collected in schools as well as with political representatives. Specifically, this dissertation examines how ethnicity became a relevant principle of social division in Latvia starting at the end of the 1980s and how ethnicity is activated. This study challenges existing literature on ethnicity which do not question how ethnicity becomes salient. It argues that the ethnic cleavage has historically been shaped by reformulating previous classifications (based on religious confession and social occupation, for example) and that nowadays ethnicity may still be ascribed or claimed on the basis of social properties that are related to the class or the place of residence. It also shows that ethnicity is made salient when it enables actors to claim their position as legitimate, regardless of whether these positions are taken in political competition or in everyday interactions. By bringing together perspectives borrowed from the sociology of public policy, of political representation and of habitus into the framework of a sociology of classifications, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of how identity classifications are shaped and enacted, as well as highlights the power relations at play in this process
Matala-Tala, Léonard. "Esquisse de l'Europe politique." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN20014.
Full textThe European integration is one of the major challenges Europe has ever faced. A draught of a political union is here undertaken as a distinctive policy response for the expected requirements. Within that framework, various aspects of the integration process are analysed: the extent of the EU's competence, its relationship with its member states and its citizens, as well as its own identity and external personality. In the background, the consequences for nation states of the internationalization of policy issues and growing mutual dependence of the states with a tendency towards a decay of their sovereignty. This context affects also the EU: the deficit in political legitimacy tends to increase, hereby threatening to ruin the whole process. The Europe-to-be-built must seriously consider citizen participation in decision-making, thus enhancing the so-long neglected human dimension. The views of the members of the European parliament were taken as a basis for this political draught. For the deputies not only represent the European nation, but they also defend its major philosophical concepts. The universal franchise grants them to weigh on the democratisation of the integration process. In order to put this political union in concrete form, we shall broach its jurisdiction, material and especially human competence. However, some reforms must be first undertaken before Europe becomes political, supranational, federal and democratic. This draught is deliberately positioned beyond any widening or other transitory phases. Indeed, once achieved, the political union is meant to be an actor on the international scene, being part of a shifting system. Hence, a new international society is shaping up; it would be composed by supranational bodies
Guillot, Félicitas. "La pacification des sociétés divisées, un apport des sociétés belge, neerlandaise et luxembourgeoise à l'Union européenne." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0061.
Full textSince the Middle Ages, national particularities have remained important in the Netherlands, which also included during that period the territories of Belgium and Luxemburg. These particularities, such as tolerance and a culture of compromise, were instituted by the "General States". The function of this institution was founded on consensus and continues today. Even when the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg became sovereign states, consensus dominated political life. This continuity could be linked to the strong will of the "small" states to maintain their sovereignty, which was acquired with difficulty, by stabilization of democracy. Democratic stability may avoid to attempt powerful neighbours. .
Yao, Koffi. "Tribalisme et vie politique en Afrique Noire." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0030.
Full textHeran, Marie Anne. "Mammifères et climat : reconstitutions paléoclimatiques du Cénozoïque d'Europe occidentale sur la base des faunes fossiles." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10188.
Full textMammals are often used for palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Two approaches have been considered: relationships between diversity and climate and isotopic composition of oxygen from phosphate of rodent teeth. The study conducted on recent worldwide faunas revealed significant correlations between climatic parameters and species richness for various taxa of ungulates and insectivores. An application to Miocene faunas from France has been realised. Evolution of delta18O has been studied for Southern Germany (late Eocene to middle Miocene), Centre-East and Southern France (Miocene). Variations are similar to the known climatic evolution during the Cenozoic and temperature estimations in the same order of values than those obtained by other methods. Some observed differences may be explained by geographical contexts which are peculiar to Europe and to each studied region
Wittersheim, Éric. "Le retour du politique : anthropologie et situations (post)coloniales, Nouvelle-Calédonie et Vanuatu." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0149.
Full textFaure-Tronche, Véronique. "Ethnicité et stratégies nationalistes : les Zoulous et l'Inkatha." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40026.
Full textThis pluridisciplinary study of the zulu nationalist movement in south africa deals with the notions of ethnicity and politics and offers the first monography in french of the inkatha freedom party. Here, ethnicity is understood as complex processes of identification which happen to be politically operational through the gestion of a stock of shared identity patterns. The case study of inkatha helps to understand the double nature, political and emotional, of ethnicity. It starts with the analysis of the historical creation and development of an ethnic identity among zulu speakers -especially during colonial times- and of the bond of this group with a bounded administrative territory. It goes on with the study of the political use of ethnicity that has been made by the government and the following nationalist movements (inkatha was created in 1924, was recreated as inkatha ye sizwe in 1975 and reshaped into the inkatha freedom party in 1990). The second part of this work deals with the attempts of institutionalisation of the zulu ethnic label and with the popular forms of resistance to it. At the turn of the 90's, paradoxically, together with the abolition of apartheid and the democratic shift in south africa, the ongoing conflict in kwazulu-natal, which was not put out by the new national frame, tends to prouve that zulu identities have remained politically sound
Mathou, Thierry. "Bhoutan, politique étrangère et identité culturelle : une stratégie pour survivre." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0036.
Full textLendja, Ngnemzue Ange Bergson. "Sans-papiers, figure du politique : hégémonie au Cameroun, État et cultures nationales en Europe." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082679.
Full textThis thesis reads the phenomenon of undocumented migrants (“sans- papiers”) within the political trajectories of the societies where it proliferates. Political and sociological theories are combined here with categories from other social scientific disciplines (anthropology, history, economics, international relations, etc. ) The problematic is structured on an axis where the historic sociology of the state, in its singular long range pathways, constructs the conditions of « production » of undocumented migrants and shapes their subjectivity. An examination of the sociogenesis of clandestine emigration from Cameroon, studied in the first part, makes it appear an effect of a crisis of resistant traditional forms of domination, itself caused by new forms: the rational and austere tutelage of multilateral institutions. The material and moral economics of fleeing elicits a narrative of governmentality in times of want and deviant behaviours (corruption, tribalism, clientele based politics, etc. ) that colonizes the imagination of the fleer in search of self and fascinated by “white man’s country”. In the second and third part, the thesis highlights how some countries (France, Germany, United Kingdom and Belgium) in the 19th century forged or reinforced artifices (nations, territories, borders, colonial empire, etc. ) and phantasms (invasions, pressures and flows) that became embedded in state construction and that live on today in European geopolitics and its denial of the undocumented. These artifices and phantasms nourish a governmentalisation of expulsion that social struggles, lacking synergy, have failed to contain (fourth part). In the last section, the thesis deconstructs the nation state and moves normatively to new configurations, in particular democratisation of control, for instance through European parliamentary control
Domingos, Luis Tomas. "La question de l'identité ethnique et la formation de l'Etat-Nation au Mozambique : le cas des Sena de la Vallée du Zambeze." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082227.
Full textMozambique achieved independence with a double past, precolonial and colonial, and consequently with a double experience as regards the solutions connected with the problem of ethnic identity and the building up of the State-Nation. The present State-Nation is a product inherited from the arbitrary conception of the colonial power who didn't take into account the identities of the social units to be found in Mozambique. Nevertheless, we can't help feeling embarrassed and unsatisfied when we want to explain the concepts of ethnic groups, of State-Nation, or even of social class. First of all that comes from the proper nature of the historical experience of the Western World, out of which those concepts and notions were born. There is an inadequacy between the State and the social and cultural environment in which most of the Mozambique population is steeped in. The differentiation of the social groups through ethnic or regional characteristics, occasionally expresses itself by social breaking ups and stratification, in which some groups are identical, often in spite of distinct interests. The question of ethnic identity of the Sena living in the Zambèze Valley, is a complex, multidimensional and much debated phenomenon. However, ethnic groups in Mozambique, in all their creative diversity are the architects of history and wholly belong to the Mozambican Society. We believe in a field of conciliatory integration aiming at social stability. Ethnic groups are not a limit, nor opposed to the State, but their own values are needful for building up the Mozambican State-Nation
Faure-Tronche, Véronique. "L'union européenne entre confédération et fédération." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0477.
Full textStark, Hans. "La politique d'intégration européenne de la République fédérale d'Allemagne sous le gouvernement de Helmut Kohl, 1982 à1998." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010311.
Full textVignon, Daphné. "Mythologies, fictions, modèles : les récits du politique : un itinéraire de la France classique à l'Allemagne romantique." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2040.
Full textThe narrative of politics cannot be reduced to a stratagem allowing the power to "tell stories", in a more or less skilful way, for utilitarian, propagandist or, perhaps more nobly, educational purposes. As a narrative, it has a constitutive dimension that must be understood in the full sense of a constitution that is all the more difficult to grasp because the power of the narrative only holds as much as it is accepted as a narrative. More than an exegesis of functional myths whose powers would claim to establish their authority, this work is an attempt to understand the narrative matrices from which France and then Germany forged the idea of a state and then the idea of a nation between the 17th and 18th centuries. The field of study, entirely European, is therefore a Western itinerary - the West that invented universality and rationality as much as identity and the triumphant individual. Time and space are the dimensions that political narratives explore in a privileged way. Whether it is a question of attesting to the heritage of the French monarchy or of founding the origin of a still fragmented Germany. Whether it is necessary to establish the centralized administration of the kingdom or to define the territory of an empire which still virtual in many ways. In all cases, legitimation seeks to be authoritative and to give meaning. It aims to hold together heterogeneous elements to achieve cohesion. The definition of these units and their reciprocal articulation are the very fabric of the narrative effort of power, justifying the distance that separates classicism and romanticism as much as their strange kinship. The corresponding models embark in their wake not only aesthetic, but also epistemological, legal or ethical concerns, essential to the framing of a community, that distant background of politics
Korbi, Habib. "La question de l'unité et de la diversité dans l'Union européenne : les mécanismes de conciliation." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN20010.
Full textMatsiegui, Mboula Fortuné. "L'État et le tribalo-régionalisme au Gabon : de 1990 à nos jours." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0016.
Full textTshilombo, Send Toussaint. "Ethnicité, représentation et démocratie : fondements d'un Etat de droit démocratique en République démocratique du Congo (ex-Zaïre)." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020090.
Full textBafounta-Mampouya, Eléazar. "Le problème de la transition en Europe de l'Est : grandes lignes et orientations d'une réforme." Lyon 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO31011.
Full textNivet, Bastien. "Le complexe européen de la puissance : une analyse critique du concept d'"Europe puissance"." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20011.
Full textTo carry out a critical analysis of the concept of (super-)power Europe, is to question the links between one of the major geopolitical evolutions of the 21st century – European integration – and one of the fundamental concepts in the study of international relations – power. Examining the modalities and conditions of recourse to the concept of (super-)power Europe in the theoretical literature and in political discourses allows to highligth the diversity of the meanings given to (super-)power Europe, and the elusive grammar of this concept. This initiel aknowledgement can be pushed further through the analysis of the three core dimensions of what we identify as the " European power complexe " : the idea of an autonomy of the Europea Union (EU), of the Union and within the Union. The permanence of challenges and contradictions in the European integration process in regard with these three factors suggest to consider the UE as an international actor of a new kind, and to recomend great care towards the analytical or discursive use of the concept of (super-)power Europe sometimes highly disconnected from any empirical or political evidence
Bayo, Emmanuel. "La construction de l'Europe sociale communautaire comme question politique." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081090.
Full textDespite long-standing aspirations and the urgency of current preoccupations such as unemployment and social dumping, the ultimate goal of social construction remains largely obscured by the vague affirmations and somewhat random progress made to date. The lack of a clear purpose reflects an absence of real political will, as witnessed by demands for a more democratic and a more social europe, the paucity of legal texts with meaningful ambition, the existing division of powers within the european institutions, or indeed the detachment of the individuals concerned. The use of the principle of subsidiarity as a safeguard against excessive euro-regulation fails to conceal the absence of a clearly defined division of political power. Despite the prospects afforded by the treaty of maastricht, joint negotiations and social dialogue, greater regulation of the institutions or the globalisation of european social standards, such political shortcomings in matters social raise the problem of the political realities of the europe of the future, the role of the nation-state, and, indeed, the true nature of european citizenship
Boudella, Ahmed. "Intégration militaire et autonomie politique de l’Europe des dix : problématique et perspective." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100064.
Full textTill now, the construction of the European Economic Community has essentially been realized on the economic level. Its complete realization has also to be made on the military level. But there are numerous pitfalls before it reaches that stage. In our thesis, we have tried to define those problems: they are political, industrial, technological ones, etc. . . The integration of Great Britain into the European Economic Community has not changed the British positions concerning Europe: Great Britain goes on preserving its tight links with the United States. It does not agree upon the Western Europe union frame since it is bound to nation. As for Germany, its case is very complex, since Bonn has to take into account its own wish to be unified again while asserting strongly its Atlantic and European ties. We have been also interested in the nature of the military integration. Will it be conventional or nuclear? Won't the recent sovieto-american agreements about euro-missiles be a supplementary obstacle to a real European nuclear force? That is to say, will the European Economic Community be able to arm itself on the nuclear level, whereas, USSR renounces to its short and medium rang weapons, and is likely on the point of destroying an important part of its strategic arsenal? The dilemma is sizeable
N'Gabou, Gabou Kilolo Stanislas. "Identité culturelle et construction nationale au Congo ou problématique culture et personnalité congolaises dans la construction nationale au Congo." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100068.
Full textEge, Asli. "Entre États-Unis et Europe : le dilemme stratégique de "l'occidentalité turque"." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10025.
Full textIt is Turkey's westward orientation, which has been ruling this country's opening to regional opportunities since the end of the Cold War, be it in the Turkish-speaking world, in the Black Sea region or the Middle-East. But Ankara faces serious challenges in the reaching of that goal, due to the Ottoman tradition of a strong, centralized State which has identified itself to the nation since the proclamation of the Republic, thus granting the military excessive power in the name of national unity. However, the official ideology's perception of the nation as a homogeneous identify differs from the social reality of Turkey, which contains a variety of other ethnic and religious self-definitions, and from the pluralistic standards of western democracies. In a context, which at the same time still sees, the UE hesitating about Turkey's place in its identity definition the strategic alliance with the United States is both a confirmation od its western identity and a stress on its pivotal geopolitical position as a regional power. Facing its possible exclusion from the European construction, especially regarding security matters, Turkey sees NATO as the main ground for the affirmation of its western identity, even more so given its tense relations with Greece. The unsoved Cyprus and Aegean questions, Turkey's security and geopolitical orientations, the absence of a European vision on global geopolitical matters and the rigidity of its own domestic policies all make of Turkish western identity, between United States and the European Union, a strategic dilemma
Hasimja, Ermal. "Les défis de la représentation politique en Albanie." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/120117630#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe goal of this research is to define the challenges of the political representation in Albania. The analysis goes through a critique of the current explanatory models of the representation. Contrary to these models built upon the idea of the representation of interests, opinions, social perspectives or simply citizens, I develop a conception of the representation seen as the citizens’ decision to vote for a political project composed of a program and the related human resources. It’s on the basis of this conception that I analyze the challenges of the formation of the political projects: ambiguity of programs, alienation of the political debate, deviation of the vote by clientelistic practices and the negative role of the production of the political legitimacy by international institutions
Mataix, David. "L' Europe des révolutions nationales : l'impossible Union Latine." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30045.
Full textThe history of Spain, Italy, France and Portugal during the Second World War had always been studied in a larger picture – often the XX century - or mixed in the history of the War. Today, comparing and contrasting these histories can help us to understand certain events. As we can see in this thesis there were differencies from the begining of this regimes, but also with nazi - Germany. Anticomunism, the importance of religion, national ambitions and the ambitions of theirs leaders for their countries ans themselves are some elements that explain the decisions and events during and after the war for all these authoritarian regimes. This is the history of the latin Europe from 1940 to 1942, the similitaries and the differencies between these nations as well as the role and they position they wanted to have in post-war Europe
Steiner, Anne. "Guerilla urbaine en Europe Occidentale : la R.A.F." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100166.
Full textFranza, Michel. "L'Europe nouvelle (1920-1934) : étude et réactions d'une revue politique face au mouvement de rénovation internationale et sa double approche de la construction de la paix par la presse et la Société des nations." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010687.
Full textThe idea of reform became the major word of the years between the two wars. International politics was one of the main reasons of this reformer reflection. The league was the official political expression of this announced reform, but it was far from being sufficient for all those who considered that the century had toppled into a modern era where progress was synonymous with solidarity between the populations. An opposition saw the day between the supporters of a passive peace and the partisans of an active peace. In this struggle for the construction of peace by the international organisation, a large number of associations, groups and reforming movements, supported or at the origin of a militant press, worked at the conception of a solidary international company. « L’Europe nouvelle" was one of these reviews which, as from 1918, started, under the management of Louise Weiss, a painstaking work of reflection and gathering of the elite so as to define this new diplomacy. Circle of pacifist and european sociability , "l'Europe nouvelle" militates in favour of moral disarmament and for the construction of europe
Hermans, Michel. "Les enjeux politiques de la mise en concurrence de la télévision en Europe francophone." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010262.
Full textEurope is divided into linguistic zones going beyond the states' borders. This could thus lead to a cultural, but also an economic and political integration taking shape. The audiovisual sector is an excellent illustration of this type of integration. French-speaking Europe doubtless produces the convincing proof for this. Indeed, France exerts a great audiovisual influence on two culturally and politically broken up countries, i. E. Belgium and Switzerland. Though the latter is less concerned than belgium. This prospect has been reinforced by the competition of televisions in Europe through the economic stakes that have developed. Technological progress, in particular the cable and the satellite, have strongly furthered the competition in the French-speaking zone. On the other hand, the framework in which this competition developed, has allowed the emergence of transborder television. The political power has always reparded the role of television in the citizen's life as very important. From that point of view the similarity between the institutional structure and that of the audiovisual landscape in each state is characteristic. This is made clear by the models established in Great-Britain, Italy and Germany. Belgium and France are a synthesis of the models. The way of facing up to the competition was the consequence of a tacit alliance between the political and economic powers. Through this competition and this internationalization of television, the political stakes were strongly disrupted within the French-speaking zone, mainly in small countries such as Belgium
Delpeuch, Thierry. "Police, justice et pouvoirs dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale en mutations démocratiques : le cas bulgare (1989-1998)." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21031.
Full textJolin, Gignac Jean-Sébastien. "Léon Blum et la politique étrangère de la France en Europe de l'Est (1919-1936) : du socialisme intégriste à la conception militaire de la sécurité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18140.
Full textLebrou, Vincent. "L'Europe loin de Bruxelles : acteurs, enjeux et controverses de la mise en oeuvre de la politique régionale de l'Union européenne en France." Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG047.
Full textBoissy, Xavier. "L'apport de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle à la construction de la séparation des pouvoirs : l'expérience des pays européens en transition démocratique-postcommuniste." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40033.
Full textElmas, Hasan Basri. "Les ambiguites de la politique europeenne de la turquie." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081195.
Full textTurkey's difficulties in becoming integrated to europe have their roots in the nature of the rapprochement between the two parties and in the evolution of turkey's domestic and foreign policy since 1945. Turkey's entry into the council of europe and nato shortly after world war ii and its association with the european economic community in 1963 were favored by the circumstances of the cold war. But after 1963, turkish foreign policy turned more toward the ussr and the middle east - this recentring of external turkish policy became specially important during the seventies and the eighties- ; europe was non longer the center of gravity of turkey's search for political and economic support. Although the greater emphasis laid on relations with middle eastern countries have been accompanied by a growing "islamization" of the country, the latter phenomenon cannot be entirely attributed to the former. In fact, the process of islamization began in the 1950s with the implementation of policies that broke with earlier secular reforms. The use of islam in electoral competition by the parties of the right, and the participation of the fundamentalist refah party in various governmental coalitions in the 1970s, served to legitimate this party as an autonomous political force. After the military takeover in 1980, the religious reference became institutionalized as an official ideology, the basis of the "rebuilding of national unity". These international and domestic developments have contributed to the weakening of turkish-european relations. Thus the formal association between turkey and the ec lost all its interest and failed to attain its objectives, all the more so because the community never dispayed a strong political will to integrate turkey. The recent turkish-european customs union agreement does not imply turkey's entry into the community but signals a new approach whereby europe has established a "strategic partnership" with turkey, seen as an element of stability in a zone of uncertainty. However, this approach does not take into account turkey's hegemonic and expansionist ambitions which, with the military treatment of the kurdish question and the problems of democracy and human rights in the country, are destined to condition the future of turkish-european relations
Chatzistavrou, Filippa. "Éléments pour une lecture intergouvernementale du système politique européen." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010336.
Full textGuittard, Laetitia. "L'idée d'union politique de l'Europe de 1980 à 1991." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010539/document.
Full textThe 1980-1991 decade has been an historical turning point for the creation of the political and institutional European community, symbolized by two keys events : the Single European Act (1986) and the Treaty of Maastricht (1992).However, it is behind the scenes and not only through these specific actions that the real destiny of the European Community was sealed. Beyond these concrete actions, a strong attention should be given on what pushed, at that time, the decision makers to accept or even refuse to deepen this construction.From then on, the purpose of this study is to identify as much as possible the two political stimulus plans (1984 and 1989), that during this period, were outlined by the Community institutions and mechanisms of cooperation in foreign policy
Hayat, Muhammad Umer. "Centrifugal Forces and Challenges to Nation-State Integration : The Case Study of Pakistan." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10082.
Full textThis study emphasizes the dilemma of ―national integration‖. The case study on Pakistan is very relevant, due to the fact that the state obtained its independence in the name of religion yet could not maintain its integrity and had to face dis-integration in 1971. The search and identification of centrifugal forces and their threat to the state of Pakistan is examined at various levels of analysis. The historical research of the various factors enables us tounderstand the importance of the attachment to local and ethnic identities and their impact on state‘s actions to maintain the federalism. Islam, the basic motive for independence from the United Kingdom has not been so much able to keep the people united. A number of other factors such as increased poverty, insufficient concentration of the state to deal with the local issues and grievances are also responsible for the difficulties in the process of integration. The sectarian violence and the external factor of the Arab states intervention contributed to the destabilization of the situation of Pakistan. During the crisis of the 1990s its strategic location made Pakistan more prone to internal conflict. This situation favoured the military intervention in Pakistani politics. Praetorianism has weakened the state at the various levels of military intervention. The biggest challenges to the cohesion of the Pakistani state are Baloch struggle for the independence of Baloutchistan, Pashtun nationalism and the Mohajir threat for autonomy or secession. Our study contributes to the demonstration of the idea that religion is not a sufficient force to bind the people but that ethnic homogeneity and socialized norms of common history are also fundamental. Thus it provides an opportunity to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the state along with the political, ideological, religious and economic fault lines
El, Mossadak Ahmed. "Terrorisme et sociologie politique de l'International." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030097.
Full textTerrorism has become an illness of the modern World-System. How to rethink the act of terrorism has become an urgent question because it seems that the non understanding is dominant if not triumphant. Thus the necessity to see the terrorist act "included and overcame rather than felt with fantasy". The American policy has remobilized the world around the security objectives to intervene in the international policy. American security policies, based on the reinforcement of exceptional juridical legislation on global techniques of surveillance and on the military mobilization, have led to public liberties, with unprecedented tutoring (USA Patriot Act, Project Patriot Act, Homeland of security, National Strategy of Security) and the establishment of a real international exception state. Refractory to the American antiterrorist logic "war against terrorism", the European Union members have claimed before to be their allies: "we will fight terrorism by the law and in the frame of law". This logic has quickly made the allies adopt the American model. In reality, it is the Arab World that has suffered the consequences of terrorism. The events of the September 11, 2001 have thrown projectors on Islam as a source of terrorism although the Arabs and Muslims were the first targets of Islamic terrorism, and the first to suffer the consequences. One of the effects of this situation is the mitigated and ambiguous reaction of the Arab and Muslim opinions about the September attack. It is in this context that most of the ArabWorld has been inscribed in "War against terrorism" without almost any motivation but with a lot of hesitation because of the pressure made by the international coalition and especially the American one. Indeed to side this position presupposes a recurrent reality in the Arabs political and strategic choices. The choice of "immobilism" of the "statuquo" and "the absence of the initiative" answers to constraints to be at the same time a target and at the center of the "war against terrorism"
N'Sanda, Buleli Tchungu. "La mémoire et l'histoire dans les constructions politiques régionales et ethniques au Maniema pandant la transition (1990-2000), République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17830.
Full textVergnon, Gilles. "Catastrophe et renouveau : socialistes, communistes et oppositionnels d'Europe et d'Amérique du Nord sous l'impact de la victoire nazie : crises et reclassements (1933-1934)." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE29005.
Full textThis work, which concerns the main european countries (including the ussrand the usa) in two decisive years (1933 and 1934), tries, after a picture of the german left from 1930 till 1933 and an overview of the vision of nazi rise from the main currents of the ruropean left, to sound out and to produce the typologie of their reactions against what is called as early as 1933 the "german disaster". Then, this transnational study brings out three succesive plans of renewal of leftist political strategies, each of them supported by different actors : the attempt of build "new parties", the "revolutionizing" of socialist parties, around "planism" or not, unity with communist parties, which, on communist's initiative, rapidly widens in "all-inclusive democratic blocs"
Matondot, Paunel Ulrich-Paterne. "Ethnopolitologie du Congo-Brazzaville : Pulsions, impulsions et répulsions inhérentes à la dynamique collective des Kongo de la région du Pool entre 1491 et 1991." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0037.
Full textWhen the perestroika flea touched the marxist Congo in 1991, the democracy was “a light brought into a dark house”, according to the new national press. After an overbooking past by bad governance, domination, humiliations, discriminations, calumnies, injustices, assassinates and massacres only committed for identity's difference, this definition suited. The first actors basically were Europeans through the slavery and colonization, then the Congolese ethnic groups themselves about the independent state management. Among the painful, sadistic and heroic collective experiences lived in Congo-Brazzaville, the history of the ethnic group Kongo of the Pool region, the Congolese oldest policy can't go unnoticed. It took five disturbing centuries long, from 1491 to 1991, confusing the nobility of a cause and the “ethnic fundamentalism”
Rault, Charlotte. "Les débats politiques en république d'Irlande autour de l'intégration européenne 1948-2002." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN1438.
Full textLabzaé, Mehdi. ""La Terre est au Gouvernement" : droits fonciers, encadrement bureaucratique et conflictualité politique dans deux périphéries éthiopiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D064.
Full textHow is political power deployed on the peripheries of an “authoritarian” state ? Based on field work carried out between 2013 and 2019, this thesis builds on studies of the sociogenesis of the state by analysing contemporary processes of state formation through an ethnographic lens. In the western lowlands of Ethiopia, where this study was conducted, land is often seen as a free resource waiting to be developed. On the basis of reified ethnic categories, land belonging to selected peasants is therefore expropriated by the state and transferred to investors. This process of expropriation is staged under the guise of land registration and is carried out by a range of actors. In this landscape, civil servants engage in self-criticism sessions before political cadres who will determine the course of their careers, and who have the power to send them to jail. Working alongside these cadres, western donors design and fund development programmes that directly contribute to peasant land expropriation. In rural areas, fighting sometimes prevents civil servants from carrying out land surveys scheduled as part of these programmes. Nevertheless, peasants are frequently gathered in long meetings where civil servants praise the benefits of land registration and call for common efforts towards development. This thesis brings together these various social events and their contribution to the formation of a cadastre in the countryside of Benishangul-Gumuz and Gambella. It demonstrates some concrete dynamics of state power in regions that were integrated relatively recently into the Ethiopian polity, and where state power has often been violent and predatory. Ethnographic data reveal how state power is deployed through the marketing of land as a resource and the development of tensions over land ownership into political conflicts. Consequently, this work also sheds light on how the current regime is concretely legitimized, notably through its international relations
Winand, Pascaline. "Presidents, advisers and the uniting of Europe: American policy toward European integration, 1939-1963." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213111.
Full textCzernicka, Katarzyna. "La société politique polonaise et les défis de l'intégration à l'Union européenne." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL20006.
Full textThe accession of Poland to European Union was accompanied by deep political and economical transformations required by the passage from communism to democracy. The role of external factor in theses transitions was crucial, because the accession process imposes to candidate State some conditions like democracy, market economy and transposition of acquis communautaire. Policies and economical changes were supervised by European Commission. The topic of the return to Europe opened a new public sphere where proeuropean speeches confronted antieuropean ones reconstructing the partisan's system, reingorcing the gap socioculturel between rural Poland and urban Poland, opposing generations. During integration process, a transfer of EU model took place in administrative, political and educational fields. A new European élite managed to establish itself as the leader, in particular thanks to establishments like the College of Europe in Natolin
Găinar, Maria. "Les neuf et la coopération politique européenne 1973-1980." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4020.
Full textThe establishment of the European Political Cooperation (EPC) in the 1970s was a key point in the construction of Europe. The EPC was an important step towards political union, which has always been considered as the ultimate aim of European integration. This thesis looks at political cooperation between 1973 and 1980, at which time the two Davignon reports, adopted in 1970 and 1973, served as the basis for the EPC. The EPC dealt with the sovereign domain of foreign policy, and used an intergovernmental mechanism. Political Cooperation therefore took place between the member states of the European Communities, but outside the community context. The development of the EPC was affected by several factors between 1973 and 1980: primarily by the actors, and in particular the nine countries involved in the EPC. Since state actors played a decisive role, there is a need to bear in mind the differences which originally existed between the Nine, in terms of their foreign policy, and also their political traditions and cultures. In addition to the actors, the different contexts in which the EPC evolved also had a significant impact on it; in particular the process of European construction and the world stage dominated by the United States and the Soviet Union. The thesis analyses Political Cooperation at the time of the Nine, in terms of its functioning and its ability to convey Europe’s message to the world on different international issues (CSCE, the Middle East, the Euro-Arab dialogue, Cyprus, South Africa, Iran and Afghanistan), by taking these points into consideration
Cultiaux, Yolaine. "Le nationalisme comme différentialisme intégrateur : le catalanisme face à l'état espagnol et à la construction européenne." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32021.
Full textThe goal of the present study is to understand the driving forces and the modes of expression of contemporary nationalism, through an analysis of catalanism. Traditionaly based on search for an hegemonic position in spain, catalan nationalism is also looking at establishing its role in the european space in construction. It legitimates its demands with the notion of "catalan differential fact" and seeks optimal integration. The choice of this strategic option leads to the use of the catalan culture as a political resource. The autonomous government of catalonia has engaged in a strategy of (re)nationalization which rests on cultural and linguistical policies. The integrationist aspect of catalanism and the differentialist argument motivated the creation of the concept of integrative differentialism. The demonstration is divided in three parts. Firstly, we deal with the origins of political catalanism and its links with the cultural nationalism promoted by fractions of the catalan civil society. This complex web of sources explains that, despite the francoist repression, the ideological work necessary for the use of the notion of "catalan differential fact" was made before the transition. Secondly, we consider how this work has influenced the evolution of the relationships between catalonia and the central government in a democratic regime caracterized by a strong competition between 17 autonomous communities. The conclusion is very clear: in twenty years time, the integrative differentialism has become a state currency in spain. A similar picture appears when we look at a structure of political opportunities defined more recently that the spanish state: the european union. In the third part, we examine the influence of this change of scale and we study the interactions between catalan nationalism and the regionalism stimulated by the "europe of regions". Here too the differentialist strategy and the specificity of the catalan culture have been used. The creation of networks of regions (see the euroregion) and networks of cities (see the c6 network) based on a mythical common culture through and despite the pyrenean boarder is a good example of the paradoxical dialectics between integration and differentiation in the european space
Belova, Olga. "Transformation des élites politiques en Europe post-communiste : le cas de la Russie, de l'Ukraine et de la Biélorussie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0034.
Full textBarcelo, Laurent. "Paul d'Estournelles de Constant (1852-1924) : la formation d'un esprit européen : l'expression d'une idée européenne (de 1852 à 1907)." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030197.
Full textPaul d'estournelles de constant has been gratified of the peace nobel price in 1909. In 1895, after having served the diplomacy for 19 years, he decided to take up a political career for adverting the europeans of the economical dynamism of the "new wolds", and suggesting them the solution of union. By representing france at the two "conferences of peace" of the hague, and defending conciliation and arbitrage, he discovered a way to concrete his aims. Then, in order to press governements to ask to the court in case of conflict, he would try to interest people to the idea of peace, to elaborate an international public opinion. From 1902 and his first travel in united states, he researched in the dynamis m of this country a way to turn the franco-germanian differend, and projected the idea of an "entente cordiale" between peoples of european culture. The step of internationalism would be taken by meeting personnality of all the countries and because of his fight for genesis of supranational organisations. "pro patria per orbis concordiam" : that's his whol e purpose in a formula