Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethnicité – Aspect politique'
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Bonnard, Pascal. "Le gouvernement de l’ethnicité en Europe post-soviétique : une sociologie politique des luttes de classification autour des populations minoritaires en Lettonie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D130.
Full textThis dissertation examines the conditions and mechanisms which activate ethnicity in post-Soviet Europe as a potent way to define oneself, to describe the social world and to act in it. The research draws on an analysis of statistical and administrative instruments which identify people according to their ethnicity. It also draws on a set of face-to-face interviews collected in schools as well as with political representatives. Specifically, this dissertation examines how ethnicity became a relevant principle of social division in Latvia starting at the end of the 1980s and how ethnicity is activated. This study challenges existing literature on ethnicity which do not question how ethnicity becomes salient. It argues that the ethnic cleavage has historically been shaped by reformulating previous classifications (based on religious confession and social occupation, for example) and that nowadays ethnicity may still be ascribed or claimed on the basis of social properties that are related to the class or the place of residence. It also shows that ethnicity is made salient when it enables actors to claim their position as legitimate, regardless of whether these positions are taken in political competition or in everyday interactions. By bringing together perspectives borrowed from the sociology of public policy, of political representation and of habitus into the framework of a sociology of classifications, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of how identity classifications are shaped and enacted, as well as highlights the power relations at play in this process
Bheeka, Joyce Patricia. "Le processus de l'ethnicisation : procédures de catégorisation dans le discours politique à l'île Maurice." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA082045.
Full textFila, Eugène. "Les partis politiques dans la transition démocratique au Congo-Brazzaville : ethnicité et enjeux du pouvoir, 1990-1997." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0054.
Full textAundu, Matsanza Guy. "Participation politique et légitimité de l'Etat: de l'instrumentalisation de l'ethnicité par les partis sous la transition politique congolaise." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210206.
Full textMais, le processus d'indépendance a enclenché une ère où il est observé un consentement à son existence et une nouvelle légitimité est accordée à ses structures.
L'étude analyse l'un de ces instruments par lesquels cet Etat, incarné et conservé par le "sommet" sans lien direct avec la base (notamment les communautés ethniques), parvient à nouer des relations avec celle-ci de manière à s'octroyer une nouvelle légitimité.
Cette étude porte donc sur les facteurs utilisés dans le système politique, le régime, le mode ou la procédure d'exercice du pouvoir afin d'améliorer la relation de l'Etat avec sa société. Elle s'intéresse au role de l'ethnicité dans la participation politique qu'animent les partis pour comprendre la légitimité de l'Etat issu de la colonisation auprès des citoyens (autochtones) qui le rejetaient autrefois./
The state in Africa draws its origins from outside. It turned a long time its concerns towards the foreign interests defenses and under colonization, the local ethnic communities on which it exerted its authority never were truly represented in its structures founded on the constraint. This State appears artificial because of its source of legitimacy and its model of authority.
But, the independence process engaged one era where it is observed an assent with its existence and a new legitimacy is granted to its structures.
The study analyzes one of these instruments by which this State, incarnated and preserved by the "top" without direct link with the base (in particular ethnic communities), manages to tie relations with this one so as to grant a new legitimacy.
This study ralates to the factors used in the political system, the mode or the procedure of power exercise in order to improve the relation of the State with its society. It is interested in the ethnicity role in the political participation which the parties animate in order to understand the (African)State legitimacy near the citizens (autochtones) who rejected it formely (colonization period).
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Zeljkovic, Ljiljana. ""2-2-1" : politiques ethniques et transformations du lien social à Brčko District (Bosnie-Herzégovine)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0645.
Full textEthnicity is a topic extensively studied in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, this thesis tackles it by avoiding the pitfall of "groupism", and by articulating the scale of ethnic policies and those of the logic of intimacy. Brcko is one of the few cities in country that has remained multi-ethnic. A quota policy associated with the monopolization by the political parties of the economy induces a strong use of the "pulling strings" (veze). Politicization processes of links especially of neighborhood, as much as of de-politicization of the economy and the issues of redistribution have emerged. We will discover what are the limits and how do they affect subjectivities. This manifests itself in particular in the change of temporal structures generating a singular relationship to expectation and hope. If nationalist policies are sometimes taken up in the speeches of citizens, we will see that a practical logic of otherness operates on a daily basis
Poirier, Cécile. "L'ethnicité comme ressource politique : partage de l'espace urbain et gestion de la diversité à Montréal et Bordeaux." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30018.
Full textDuring the last twenty years, local authorities in western countries have been put under pressure to better take into account their citizens’ ethnocultural differences or, on the contrary, to limit such adaptation. Although this kind of accommodation often consists of ad hoc measures, researchers in the field of the management of diversity, have tended to focus on public policies. This research examines instead concrete practices of diversity management, specifically in the domain of sports and leisure, which are usually perceived as a means of social integration. In fact, both diversity management and recreation services are somewhat ambiguous because of their double vocation of respecting differences and personal development and promoting integration. Both also operate in a context dominated by formal and informal partnerships with a variety of organisations providing public services. What strategies do local authorities adopt to take differences into account and develop appropriate service provision? Based on three case studies (two in Montreal and one in Bordeaux), this research reveals that diversity management practices depend less on formal policy than on local issues of governance in sports and leisure and on the actors’ capacity to understand cultural codes. From a scientific viewpoint it underscores the relevance of the notion of ethnicity as a political resource, and from a practical viewpoint it highlights the importance of developing intercultural training and reflexive practices
Ngowet, Luc. "Les fondements théoriques de la modernité politique africaine : essai de phénoménologie politique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC337.
Full textAny consideration of African political thought cannot disregard the issue of its recovering by Africanist discourse. The hegemony of this discourse is partly at the origin of our reflection on the theoretical foundations of modernity in Africa, that seeks to lay the foundations for a long-term research agenda on African political thought. Beyond a contention with the Africanist discourse, my thesis is also motivated by a more fundamental objective that presupposes and seeks to demonstrate that African thought has always played a vital role in the construction of the political modernity of Africa. I will analyse the contours and content of the theoretical foundations of that african political modernity through a methodology and a principle of reason that will bear witness to those foudations with conviction and lucidity. My doctoral dissertation therefore has two main objectives. First, it seeks to develop a critique of Africanist reason that will lead to an interpretation of endogenous discourses on politics in Africa, through a method of investigation called political phenomenology. Such a phenomenological understanding of politics as an instrument that can elucidate African modernity in Africa will be based on a critical interpretation of major african political texts written in both French and English. Secondly, my thesis aims at developing a philosophizing history of African political thought, providing a precise understanding of its concepts and issues. In sum, this dissertation would have achieved its objective if it read as a philosophical meta-narrative on African modernity, the specificity of which I shall define
Charbit, Myriam. "La revanche d'une identité ethno-religieuse en Israël : La percée du parti Shas entre construction identitaire séfarade-haredi et dynamiques clientélistes." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003795.
Full textLaporte, Luc. "Le journal le Droit, miroir de l'identité franco-ontarienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29201.
Full textMichalon, Martin. "Tourisme, politique et appropriation de l'espace dans la Birmanie en transition : le cas de la région du lac Inlé." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0035.
Full textThis thesis deals with the power relations that underpin the development of tourism in Inle Lake region, on the Shan plateau (Myanmar). This peripheral region is mainly populated by the Intha ethnic group, which leads an original amphibious lifestyle, and by hill-based Pa-O people. Since the 1990s, this region has been one of Myanmar’s tourism highlights. We show that in a country marked by fifty years of military dictatorship and a rocky democratic transition since 2011, and in a peripheral space structured by old rivalries between minorities, tourism is a key asset to support political and territorial claims.Within the centre/periphery dialectics, we emphasize the link between proactive tourism development in Inle Lake region and authoritarian integration of the restive margin. Such space capture is made through transportation infrastructure, migration patterns, domestic tourism, the play between state regulation of the sector and clientelist laissez-faire, or the imposition of a simplistic and depoliticized narrative about the region and its inhabitants. Moreover, local tourism development is mainly performed by cronies, powerful businessmen with cosy relations with the past and current politico-military elites. By connecting the region to national “crony capitalism” networks, by monopolizing the tourism resource through neo-colonial mechanisms, by seizing by force wide swathes of land in the name of tourism development and by imposing Burmese architecture patterns in Shan territory, they insert the periphery into the centre’s political and symbolic sphere of influence. Furthermore, the integration of Myanmar and Inle Lake region into tourism globalization has resulted in new stakeholders coming to the fore, with more financial means and competences, thus evicting the local entrepreneurs from the most lucrative markets. Meanwhile, the hasty economic opening of the country and ubiquitous money laundering strategies have triggered intense land speculation, leading to the dualization of tourism space, now dominated by outsiders. All those converging trends have contributed to the burmanisation of the Shan periphery. Within the periphery itself, tourism is a major political and territorial stake between the local ethnic minorities. In the 1990s-2000s, when Yangon regime outsourced the control of the region to the Pa-O National Organization pro-government militia, the latter used tourism zoning and hotel infrastructures to assert its authority over space. Intha did not have such military power, but a few charismatic leaders managed to tap the economic benefits of tourism to construct their local political influence, thence accommodating the political constraint from the inside. Since 2011 political transition, power games and stakes have changed: territorially weakened, the PNO now mobilizes community-based tourism to maintain its influence in the hills it used to control, while Intha use it to reinvest this vacant hegemonic space. Meanwhile, they leverage tourism representations, narratives and iconography to reformulate their collective identity: culturally very close to the majority Bamar ethnic group, they now stage their alterity, their “intha-ness” to benefit from the ethnicization of politics in post-dictatorial Myanmar and thence reassert their regional hegemony. The spatialized analysis of tourism therefore highlights the changes and tensions of contemporary Myanmar
Matsima, Maxime. "Où en est le sport au Congo ? : processus d'institutionnalisation." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080865.
Full textThis thesis seek to understand the institutionalization process where congolese sport is concerned. From a discriminant analysis of football practices, it dismantles the system-both the patent and the latent ones - which rule the congolese sports institution. The results of this study show how congolese sport works according to three different sets of conception and logic : - the religious conception based on the belief in a personal god; - the scientific conception based on the training techniques which enable one to achieve the best possible performances; - the animistic conception which presents two phenomenoms important to congolese sport, the medecine men and juju priests still holding all the power of magic and witchraft. - western logic which sees competition as an object to sports; - congolese logic which grafts inter-ethnic competitions onto sporting competitions; - whereas the marxist-leninist logic enforced by the marxist orientated - political elites rejects both others, thus enabling itself the better to rule over the functioning of congolese sport
Bossuroy, Thomas. "Quatre essais sur la dynamique des structures sociales et politiques en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0018.
Full textThe first chapter uses household surveys to set down a measurement of intergenerational mobility between the farm and non-farm sectors in Ghana, Uganda, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea and Madagascar. The differences between former French and former British colonies (the latter displaying a much higher level of social fluidity) result from different educational and settlement policies implemented by the colonizers, which impacted educational, geographical and in turn occupational mobility. The second chapter explores the individual incentives to identify to the ethnic group, by using recent surveys from seven West-African countries. Education and a strategic use of kinship networks by underprivileged people and the migrants stand out as the main driving forces. Ethnic identification may be viewed as an instrument for upward mobility when formal means of social achievement are failing The third chapter investigates whether ethnicity drove the election results of the 2004 presidential poil in Ghana, and therefore uses several datasets matched at the district level. An ethnic and a non-ethnic model are compared. Ethnicity explains the structure of votes slightly better, but does not rule out the non-ethnic model. But the ethnic mode! fails to account for the evolution of votes between two polls, which is the result of evaluative voting. Non-ethnic determinants thus appear to drive the pivotal voter and, therefore, election outcomes. The fourth chapter argues that studies on the African political economy should focus less on structural features like ethnic fragmentation and neopatrimonialism, and more on how political and economic inequalities shape the dynamics of social structures
Gitenet, Romain. "De la victimisation ethnique à la rébellion armée : Production du politique, mobilisation sociale et économie de guerre en mode insurrectionnel : Le cas du Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple (CNDP) en République Démocratique du Congo." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010286.
Full textSleiman, André Georges. "Vivre ensemble mais séparés? : l'émergence et l'évolution des projets de fédération au Liban de 1975 à nos jours." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0099.
Full textBorn during the war (1975-1990), born from the war, the federalist ideology in Lebanon has presented federalism as an ideal mechanism to manage and prevent inter-sectarian conflict in the Lebanese pluralistic context. Moreover, according to the Lebanese federalists, federalism comes up as the only democratic and viable alternative to Lebanon’s perceived failed state, and to secession be it a panacea or a Pandora’s box, federalism seems to constitute an original response to the challenge of muslim-christian consociation in Lebanon. However, rather than limiting itself to a feasibility study preoccupied with the possible implementation of such a government system in Lebanon, this dissertation is oriented towards a different perspective focusing on the relationship between the federalist principle and inter-sectarian conflict based on a double critique: the first one analyzes the concept of ethnic identity by scrutinizing the discourses on sectarianism, nationalism, and pluralism; the second one analyzes the modern conception of equality between citizens of a same nation after conducting a review of the federalist discourse on dhimma. This theoretical reflection has required an in-depth socio-historic reconstruction of the elaboration and evolution of the federalist claim; the dissertation therefore exposes at length the way federalism was discussed, appropriated, or rejected. Placing the political and military context of these claims under close scrutiny, the research also profiles the influential actors-dubbed "ethnic entrepreneurs"-who have elaborated, adopted, and put these claims into practice
Id, Yassine Rachid. "Islam et régionalisme européen : territoire, religion et identité en Catalogne française." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0018.
Full textIn contemporary Roussillon, Catalan, French and European identities crisscross and intermingle, marking their footprints on the same territory and in the ordinary life of the local population. The emergence of Muslim religiosity within a society structured around a regional identity, catalyses internal debates among European nation-states. Europe is redefined by local interactions whereby Muslims experience a still undecided Catalan acculturation. Through the articulation of qualitative (ethnography) and quantitative (questionnaire) methods, this new study provides abundant empirical material, drawing a fairly comprehensive portrait of Muslims in French Catalonia whose identity proves to be extraordinarily complex. Beyond any reification, the phenomenon of identity is here conceived as a flow, which is apprehended through a system modeling of the relationship between Islamity and Catalanity
En el Rosselló contemporània, les identitats català, francès i europeu es barregen i s’entrellacen, marcant les seves empremtes en mateix territori i en la vida quotidiana de la població local. El sorgiment de la religiositat musulmana en una societat estructurada entorn d'una identitat regional, s’illustra com un catalitzador per al debat intern als Estats-nació europeus. Europa s’ha redefinit per les interaccions a nivell local on els musulmans estan experimentant aculturació català encara no està decidit. A través de l’articulació dels mètodes qualitatius (etnografia) i quantitatius (qüestionari), aquest nou estudi proporciona una abundant material empíric, formant una imatge relativament completa dels musulmans de Catalunya francesa, la identitat resulta ser de gran complexitat. Més enllà de qualsevol essencialització, el fenomen de la identitat és concebuda com una flux aprehendido per mitjà d’un model sistèmic de la relació entre la islàmitat i la catalanitat
Carta, Nirmala. "La construction identitaire des adolescents à l'épreuve du communalisme à l'Ile Maurice." Thesis, La Réunion, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LARE0013.
Full textThe identity construction of the adolescent is influenced by his living context; in the case of Mauritius, this context is caracterised by the official presence of categorization of communities. This presence induces mauritians to have the obligation to identify themselves to one of the four prescribed communities, which leads to a problematic identity construction, particularly for adolescents as they are in a developmental period which is determinant. As from the study of mauritians reaching the end of adolescents, we have measured the degree of influence of the multicultural context on the identity construction. Our methodology has allowed us to notice the presence of communalism as from the stage of pretest and it has been confirmed in the quantitative as well as the qualitative analysis. We have been able to prove that an overreacted communalism leads to a high social identity, leading in counterpart to less importance regarding the personal part of identity. In fact, our results indicate that the existence of communities contributes in making our participants prefer the community to which they belong and they have negative stereotypes towards other communities. In addition to this, we have found that belonging to a community is directly linked to social identity, which is essentially comprised of religious belonging, physical appearance and social class. Furthermore, we have noticed that our participants have an intercultural inner living which is opposed to the prescribed social identity. We arrive to the conclusion that the official existence of communities in Mauritius should be reviewed, based on the results of our research and we propose more implications in intercultural education and towards the promotion of personal identity
Jurad, Sandrine. "Traces et politiques urbaines actuelles dans les quartiers populaires hérités des années 1950 à Fort-de-France (Martinique)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100042.
Full textFounded in the XVIIth century, Fort de France has experienced a long process of geographical and morphological evolution. For the last 60 years on, local urban projects have been framed according to national housing and living policies. Wide-scale urban renewal projects have been decided and undertaken within the most popular districts of the city. As these urban evolutions were shaped by different factors, a series of case studies enabled to lead a detailed analysis of the transformations undergone by five conspicuous districts of the city, from a notion of “urban tracks” that we’ve needed to identify. As they are vestiges of social practices and landmarks for spatial identity, tracks araise questions about how they impact the implementation of local projects in accordance with national policies; and how they redefine ways of re-appropriation of space through all the actors involved – either ordinary or institutional ‒. Our study highlights two major logics of memory-making and reinvestment of tracks, the first being directive, the second more negotiated. The interest in such an investigation is to account for the stakes involved in the disappearance and the preservation of tracks within the framework of patrimony development, because these processes have contributed in defining the cultural identity, the value and the wealth of these districts. Our research will be led by these social, spatial and symbolic patterns
Sartini, Tony. "Les réseaux criminels entre logiques économiques et logiques ethno-culturelles." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020061.
Full textCriminal networks between economic and cultural logics The criminological tradition readily conceives crime as an individual fact. Unlike this conception, this thesis proposes to understand the crime as a social and political fact. The traditional materialistic and culturalist models were able to account for the explanatory economic and cultural variables of the crime. However, they have insufficiently taken into account this fundamental fact that criminal activity is, in its mass, a group activity. In particular, they are struggling to explain the over-representation of minorities-especially ethnic-in crime. A sociometric model called "Criminal embeddedness" shows how the sociability of minorities gives comparative advantages to such minorities in organized crime.Because it is primarily a phenomenon of networks, crime is thus explained by understanding the economic logics that motivate members of criminal networks, but also the ethno-cultural logics that structure them. Such logics are always prevalent in the contemporary world, characterized by globalization, the more virtual nature of trade, communitarianism and terrorism. These economic and cultural logics were not sufficiently taken into account by public security policies in France, in particular in urban governance and in criminal intelligence policies. This is largely due to the French model, which is struggling to grasp the logic of crime in a pragmatic way, and to take into account ethnicity
Somé, Constantin. "Pluralisme socio-ethnique et démocratie : cas du Bénin." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2609/1/M11221.pdf.
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