Journal articles on the topic 'Ethnic stores'
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Shi, Yuyan, Kristin Meseck, and Marta M. Jankowska. "Availability of Medical and Recreational Marijuana Stores and Neighborhood Characteristics in Colorado." Journal of Addiction 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7193740.
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Objective. To examine the availability of marijuana stores in Colorado and associations with neighborhood characteristics.Methods. The addresses for 650 medical and recreational marijuana stores were geocoded and linked to the characteristics of 1249 census tracts in Colorado. Accounting for spatial autocorrelations, autologistic regressions were used to quantify the associations of census tract socioeconomic characteristics with the availability of marijuana stores.Results. Regardless of store types, marijuana stores were more likely to locate in neighborhoods that had a lower proportion of young people, had a higher proportion of racial and ethnic minority population, had a lower household income, had a higher crime rate, or had a greater density of on-premise alcohol outlets. The availability of medical and recreational marijuana stores was differentially correlated with household income and racial and ethnic composition.Conclusions. Neighborhood disparities existed in the availability of marijuana stores, and associations between availability of stores and neighborhood characteristics varied by store types. This study highlighted the need for regulatory measures to prevent marijuana related outcomes in high risk neighborhoods.
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Schillo, Barbara A., Adam F. Benson, Lauren Czaplicki, Andrew Anesetti-Rothermel, Elexis C. Kierstead, Randall Simpson, Natasha C. Phelps, Peter Herman, Chang Zhao, and Shyanika W. Rose. "Modelling retailer-based exemptions in flavoured tobacco sales restrictions: national estimates on the impact of product availability." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e040490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040490.
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ObjectivesMore than 250 US localities restrict sales of flavoured tobacco products (FTPs), but comprehensiveness varies, and many include retailer-based exemptions. The purpose of this study is to examine resulting changes in the US retail environment for FTPs if there was a hypothetical national tobacco control policy that would prohibit FTP sales in all retailers except (1) tobacco specialty stores or (2) tobacco specialty stores and alcohol outlets.Design and settingA cross-sectional analysis of the FTP retail environment in every US Census tract (n=74 133). FTP retailers (n=3 10 090) were enumerated using nine unique codes from a national business directory (n=296 716) and a national vape shop directory (n=13 374).Outcome measuresWe assessed FTP availability using static-bandwidth and adaptive-bandwidth kernel density estimation. We then calculated the proportion of FTP stores remaining and the mean density of FTP retailers under each policy scenario for the overall population, as well as across populations vulnerable to FTP use.ResultsExempting tobacco specialty stores alone would leave 25 276 (8.2%) FTP retailers nationwide, while exempting both tobacco specialty stores and alcohol outlets would leave 54 091 (17.4%) retailers. On average, the per cent remaining FTP availability per 100 000 total population was 7.1% for a tobacco specialty store exemption and 18.1% for a tobacco specialty store and alcohol outlet exemption. Overall, density estimate trends for remaining FTP availability among racial/ethnic populations averaged across Census tracts mirrored total population density. However, estimates varied when stratified by metropolitan status. Compared with the national average, FTP availability would remain 47%–49% higher for all racial/ethnic groups in large metropolitan areas.ConclusionsRetailer-based exemptions allow greater FTP availability compared with comprehensive policies which would reduce FTP availability to zero. Strong public policies have the greatest potential impact on reducing FTP availability, particularly among urban, and racial/ethnic minority populations.
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Jang, Seongsoo, and Jinwon Kim. "Remedying Food Policy Invisibility with Spatial Intersectionality: A Case Study in the Detroit Metropolitan Area." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 37, no. 1 (April 2018): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.16.194.
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This study examines the intersectionality of race/ethnicity and poverty in terms of geographic access to 2,635 food stores of three types (supermarkets, grocery stores, and convenience stores) in the tricounty Detroit metropolitan area (DMA). Prior research not only lacks an intersectional view of sociodemographic categories in explicating food store access, but it also fails to provide place-based policies to remedy food policy invisibility. The authors explore whether spatial dependencies among food stores exist and whether these are linked to sociodemographic heterogeneity in the DMA. Food stores are clustered across suburban and rural areas surrounding urban boundaries but are less clustered in the inner city. Poor neighborhoods have varying access to different types of food stores depending on the predominant racial/ethnic composition of the neighborhood. This research can assist policy makers in implementing place-based food interventions and policies, especially attracting new supermarkets and grocery stores to the urban DMA.
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Ayala, Guadalupe X., Heather D’Angelo, Joel Gittelsohn, Lucy Horton, Kurt Ribisl, Lesley Schmidt Sindberg, Christina Olson, Anna Kharmats, and Melissa N. Laska. "Who is behind the stocking of energy-dense foods and beverages in small stores? The importance of food and beverage distributors." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 18 (October 3, 2017): 3333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016003621.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined food and beverage distributors’ sourcing, placement and promotion of obesogenic (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) product categories from the perspective of small food store owners/managers. The obesogenic product categories of interest were savoury snacks, sugary beverages, sweet snacks, confectionery and frozen treats. Specifically, we examined how frequently distributors sourced these products, and the types of agreements and expectations they had for their placement and promotion. Differences were explored by store size and ethnicity. Fresh produce was used as a comparison when examining differences in frequency of sourcing only, with implications for healthy food access.DesignSurvey research involving in-person interviews.SettingFour urban areas in the USA: Baltimore, MD; Durham, NC; Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN; and San Diego, CA.SubjectsSeventy-two small food store owners/managers, 65 % consent rate.ResultsMost distributors sourced obesogenic products weekly. Agreements to place products were predominantly informal (e.g. handshake) with sweet snack, confectionery and frozen treat distributors, and formal (e.g. contract) with savoury snack and sugary beverage distributors. Free-standing displays were the most common incentive provided by distributors and they expected some control over their placement and pricing. Free/discounted products and signage were also common incentives but slotting fees were not. Smaller stores and ethnic stores were less likely to receive various incentives, but among sweet snack distributors, they were more likely to control the price in ethnic v. non-ethnic stores.ConclusionsObesogenic products are ubiquitous. Influencing what is made available to consumers in the retail food environment needs to consider the distributor.
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Galvez, Maida P., Kimberly Morland, Cherita Raines, Jessica Kobil, Jodi Siskind, James Godbold, and Barbara Brenner. "Race and food store availability in an inner-city neighbourhood." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 6 (June 2008): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007001097.
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AbstractBackgroundA growing body of research has shown that disparities in resources, including food stores, exist at the neighbourhood level and the greatest disparities are seen in minority neighbourhoods, the same neighbourhoods at increased risk of obesity and diabetes. Less is known about whether differences in availability of resources by African American or Latino race/ethnicity exist within a single minority community.ObjectiveThe present study examined whether census blocks either 75% African American (AA) or 75% Latino (L) are associated with food store availability, as compared with racially mixed (RM) census blocks, in East Harlem, New York.Design/methodsA cross-sectional study utilising a walking survey of East Harlem was performed. Food stores were classified into: supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, specialty stores, full-service restaurants and fast-food stores.ResultsOne hundred and sixty-five East Harlem census blocks were examined; 17 were AA, 34 were L and 114 were RM. Of AA census blocks, 100% had neither supermarkets nor grocery stores. AA census blocks were less likely to have convenience stores (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07–0.86) compared with RM census blocks. In contrast, predominantly L census blocks were more likely to have convenience stores (PR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.20–2.70), specialty food stores (PR = 3.74, 95% CI 2.06–7.15), full-service restaurants (PR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.04–3.38) and fast-food restaurants (PR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.33–3.44) compared with RM census blocks.ConclusionsWe found that inequities in food store availability exist by race/ethnicity in East Harlem, New York. This has implications for racial/ethnic differences in dietary quality, obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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Liu, Siqin, and Agnes Kilonzo-Nthenge. "Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria from U.S.-Grown and Imported Fresh Produce Retailed in Chain Supermarkets and Ethnic Stores of Davidson County, Tennessee." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-178.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine whether U.S.-grown and imported fresh produce retailed in ethnic stores and chain supermarkets was a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A total of 360 (129 imported and 231 U.S.-grown) samples of fresh produce were purchased from retail stores and analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae, including three pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella, and Salmonella), using standard methods. Presumptive pathogenic isolates were confirmed using PCR. The mean Enterobacteriaceae counts for imported produce were 6.87 ± 0.15 log CFU/g and 7.16 ± 0.11 log CFU/g in ethnic stores and chain supermarkets, respectively. For U.S.-grown produce, the contamination levels were at 8.35 ± 0.17 log CFU/g and 7.52 ± 0.13 log CFU/g in ethnic stores and chain supermarkets, respectively. Salmonella (0 and 0.3%), Shigella (1.7 and 0.6%), E. coli (3.1 and 1.4%), Enterobacter (9.4 and 8.6%), Klebsiella (6.7 and 0.6%), and Serratia (5.8 and 1.4%) were detected in produce from ethnic stores and chain supermarkets, respectively. None of the samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7. Regarding distribution by produce type, leafy vegetables had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae (19.2%) than the other types, followed by root vegetables (6.4%), tomatoes (5.6%), and fruits (3.9%). Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Erwinia bacteria were also isolated from fresh produce. The frequencies of vancomycin resistance (98.1 and 100%) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the frequencies of ampicillin resistance (42.3 and 72.9%) for imported and U.S.-grown produce, respectively. Despite the increased attention to the role of imported produce as a source of antimicrobial resistance, this study indicates that U.S.-grown produce is also contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Good agricultural practices on the farms and washing of fresh produce before consumption are greatly recommended to avoid possible public health hazards.
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Zukin, Sharon, Valerie Trujillo, Peter Frase, Danielle Jackson, Tim Recuber, and Abraham Walker. "New Retail Capital and Neighborhood Change: Boutiques and Gentrification in New York City." City & Community 8, no. 1 (March 2009): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01269.x.
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Since the 1970s, certain types of upscale restaurants, cafés, and stores have emerged as highly visible signs of gentrification in cities all over the world. Taking Harlem and Williamsburg as field sites, we explore the role of these new stores and services (“boutiques”) as agents of change in New York City through data on changing composition of retail and services, interviews with new store owners, and discursive analysis of print media. Since the 1990s, the share of boutiques, including those owned by small local chains, has dramatically increased, while the share of corporate capital (large chain stores) has increased somewhat, and the share of traditional local stores and services has greatly declined. the media, state, and quasi–public organizations all value boutiques, which they see as symbols and agents of revitalization. Meanwhile, new retail investors—many, in Harlem, from the new black middle class—are actively changing the social class and ethnic character of the neighborhoods. Despite owners’ responsiveness to community identity and racial solidarity, “boutiquing” calls attention to displacement of local retail stores and services on which long–term, lower class residents rely and to the state's failure to take responsibility for their retention, especially in a time of economic crisis.
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Vernez Moudon, Anne, Adam Drewnowski, Glen E. Duncan, Philip M. Hurvitz, Brian E. Saelens, and Eric Scharnhorst. "Characterizing the food environment: pitfalls and future directions." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 7 (April 10, 2013): 1238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013000773.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess a county population's exposure to different types of food sources reported to affect both diet quality and obesity rates.DesignFood permit records obtained from the local health department served to establish the full census of food stores and restaurants. Employing prior categorization schemes which classified the relative healthfulness of food sources based on establishment type (i.e. supermarkets v. convenience stores, or full-service v. fast-food restaurants), food establishments were assigned to the healthy, unhealthy or undetermined groups.SettingKing County, WA, USA.SubjectsFull census of food sources.ResultsAccording to all categorization schemes, most food establishments in King County fell into the unhealthy and undetermined groups. Use of the food permit data showed that large stores, which included supermarkets as healthy food establishments, contained a sizeable number of bakery/delis, fish/meat, ethnic and standard quick-service restaurants and coffee shops, all food sources that, when housed in a separate venue or owned by a different business establishment, were classified as either unhealthy or of undetermined value to health.ConclusionsTo fully assess the potential health effects of exposure to the extant food environment, future research would need to establish the health value of foods in many such common establishments as individually owned grocery stores and ethnic food stores and restaurants. Within-venue exposure to foods should also be investigated.
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Köse, Yavuz. "Vertical Bazaars of Modernity: Western Department Stores and Their Staff in Istanbul (1889–1921)." International Review of Social History 54, S17 (December 2009): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859009990253.
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SummaryThis article examines Western department stores active in Istanbul between 1889 and 1921. It explores two aspects crucial for the department stores’ retail system: location and personnel. It goes on to demonstrate that Western department stores were situated not only in the Western districts of the city but also in traditional areas, such as the bazaar district. Rather than being exclusive they appear to have been closely connected with local business and aimed to appeal to the ethnically highly mixed customer pool. Equally, the workforce was heterogeneous, with the majority of local employees having diverse ethnic backgrounds, including Greek, Jewish, and Armenian, though rarely Muslim. Based on a large-scale sample drawn from the address registers of the Annuaire Oriental yearbook, the analysis of personal letters, and on Ottoman daily newspaper and journals, this study sheds light on the individuals who worked at a number of department stores, their ethnic composition, sex ratio, duration of employment, the job types they carried out, as well as their income situation, career paths, and domiciles. It hopes to contribute to the labour history of the late Ottoman Empire by exploring, for the first time, the employees of Western department stores, workers who have rarely attracted the attention of scholars so far.
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Di Muri, Cristina, Sara G. Vandamme, Ciara Peace, William Barnes, and Stefano Mariani. "Biodiversity defrosted: unveiling non-compliant fish trade in ethnic food stores." Biological Conservation 217 (January 2018): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.11.028.
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Begay, Cynthia, Claradina Soto, Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati, Rosa Barahona, Yaneth L. Rodriguez, Jennifer B. Unger, and Sabrina L. Smiley. "Cigarette and E-Cigarette Retail Marketing on and Near California Tribal Lands." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 1_suppl (January 2020): 18S—26S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839919883254.
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Introduction. Retail settings are major channels for the tobacco industry to market commercial tobacco products. However, few studies have examined marketing strategies on Tribal lands. The resulting evidence is important, especially given that American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth and adults have the highest smoking prevalence of any racial/ethnic group in the United States. In this study, we examined cigarette, e-cigarette, and vape/vaporizer availability, advertising, and price-reducing promotions in retail settings on and within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands in California. Method. Trained AI/AN community health representatives (n = 8) conducted store observations (n = 96) using a checklist adapted from the Standardized Tobacco Assessment for Retail Settings observation tool. Chi-square analyses were performed to look for potential differences in availability, exterior advertising, and price promotions for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and vapes between stores. Results. All stores sold cigarettes and over 95% sold menthol cigarettes. Nearly 25% of stores on Tribal lands were located inside a casino, and 40.4% of stores on Tribal lands offered a Tribal member discount. Stores within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands sold significantly (p < .01) more e-cigarettes (69.8%), including flavored e-cigarettes (53.4%), compared to stores on Tribal lands (37.7% and 28.3%, respectively). Price promotions for cigarettes were significantly (p < .01) more common in stores located within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands (46.5%) than stores on Tribal lands (22.6%). Discussion. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use store observations to examine cigarette and e-cigarette availability, advertising, and price promotions in retail settings on and near California Tribal lands. We recommend future studies build on our initial efforts to take an AI/AN Tribal community-engaged approach in assessing and documenting tobacco marketing practices on and near Tribal lands. Tribal governments can consider tobacco policies to help reduce smoking disparities and advance health equity for their communities.
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Smiley, Sabrina L., Claradina Soto, Tess Boley Cruz, Natalie Kintz, Yaneth L. Rodriguez, Steve Sussman, and Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati. "Point-of-sale marketing of little cigars and cigarillos on and near California Tribal lands." Tobacco Control 29, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054558.
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IntroductionAmerican Indians have the highest cigarette smoking prevalence of any racial/ethnic group in the USA. Tobacco marketing at point-of-sale is associated with smoking, possibly due to easy access to cheap tobacco products. The sale of novel tobacco products like little cigars/cigarillos (LCCs) has increased in recent years which may further increase combustible tobacco use among American Indians.MethodsBetween October 2015 and February 2017, trained community health workers collected LCC product and price information by conducting audits of tobacco retailers on Tribal lands (n=53) and retailers within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands (n=43) in California. Χ2 analyses were performed to examine associations among the availability and advertising of LCCs, including indoor price promotions and store location.ResultsOverall, 85.4% of stores sold LCCs, 76.0% sold flavoured LCCs and 51.0% sold LCCs for less than $1. Indoor price promotions were displayed at 45 (46.9%) stores. Stores within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands sold significantly more LCC (p<0.01) and flavoured LCCs (p=0.01) than stores on Tribal lands. Stores within a 1-mile radius of Tribal lands also displayed significantly more LCCs priced at less than $1 (p<0.01) than stores on Tribal lands.ConclusionsLCCs are widely available in stores on and near California Tribal lands. Stores located a short distance away from Tribal lands were more likely to sell LCCs, including flavoured versions, more likely to sell LCCs priced below $1, and more likely to advertise little LCC price promotions than stores on Tribal lands. Policy-makers and Tribal leaders should consider regulations that would limit access to LCCs at point of sale to help prevent youth initiation and reduce smoking-related morbidity and mortality among American Indians.
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McLaren, Gordon D., and Victor R. Gordeuk. "Hereditary hemochromatosis: insights from the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study." Hematology 2009, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.195.
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Abstract Hemochromatosis comprises a group of inherited disorders resulting from mutations of genes involved in regulating iron metabolism. The multicenter, multi-ethnic Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study screened ~100,000 participants in the US and Canada, testing for HFE mutations, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. As in other studies, HFE C282Y homozygosity was common in Caucasians but rare in other ethnic groups, and there was a marked heterogeneity of disease expression in C282Y homozygotes. Nevertheless, this genotype was often associated with elevations of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation and with iron stores of more than four grams in men but not in women. If liver biopsy was performed, in some cases because of evidence of hepatic dysfunction, fibrosis or cirrhosis was often found. Combined elevations of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation were observed in non-C282Y homozygotes of all ethnic groups, most prominently Asians, but not often with iron stores of more than four grams. Future studies to discover modifier genes that affect phenotypic expression in C282Y hemochromatosis should help identify patients who are at greatest risk of developing iron overload and who may benefit from continued monitoring of iron status to detect progressive iron loading.
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Segev, Sigal, Ayalla Ruvio, Aviv Shoham, and Dalia Velan. "Acculturation and consumer loyalty among immigrants: a cross-national study." European Journal of Marketing 48, no. 9/10 (September 2, 2014): 1579–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2012-0343.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of acculturation on immigrant consumers’ loyalty. The authors posit that the acculturation orientation of immigrants determines their consumer loyalty to both ethnic and mainstream brands and stores. Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of Hispanic consumers in the USA and consumers from the former Soviet Union in Israel, this study tests a model in which two acculturation continua, original culture maintenance and host culture adaptation, serve as antecedents for immigrants’ consumer loyalty. Findings – Acculturation determines the extent of immigrants’ consumer loyalty. Both acculturation continua are associated with distinct loyalty patterns that are similar across the two immigrant groups. Research limitations/implications – Despite sampling limitations, the paper demonstrates that immigrants’ acculturation orientation influences their loyalty to ethnic and mainstream brands and stores. Shared by ethnic consumers in two culturally diverse markets, this relationship transcends geographic boundaries. Practical implications – The results provide insights for marketers with respect to the development of segmentation and positioning strategies and tactical implementations that address the preferences of ethnic consumers. Social implications – This paper highlights the importance of understanding the unique needs of ethnic consumers and addressing them. Successful integration of immigrant consumers into the marketplace can also help in their integration into the host society at large. Originality/value – Findings shed light on the commonalities and differences among immigrant groups in different national settings. The paper highlights the role of cultural transition as a key experience that affects immigrants regardless of specific environmental or situational circumstances.
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Mulhern, Francis J., Jerome D. Williams, and Robert P. Leone. "Variability of brand price elasticities across retail stores: Ethnic, income, and brand determinants." Journal of Retailing 74, no. 3 (September 1998): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4359(99)80103-1.
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Hubbard, Phil. "Hipsters on Our High Streets: Consuming the Gentrification Frontier." Sociological Research Online 21, no. 3 (August 2016): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3962.
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Gentrification involves the displacement of working class populations, a phenomena most obviously manifest in the transformation of residential landscapes. But this is also palpable in the changes visible on many shopping streets, with locally-oriented stores serving poorer populations and ethnic minorities being replaced by ‘hipster’ stores such as ‘real coffee’ shops, vintage clothing stores and bars serving microbrews. These stores have been taken as a sign that the fortunes of struggling shopping streets are improving, with the new outlets often depicted as offering a better range of healthy, green and ‘authentic’ consumption choices than the shops they displace. However, this paper argues that we need to resist this form of retail change given it typically represents the first stage of a more thoroughgoing retail gentrification process, remaining suspicious of forms of hipster consumption which, while aesthetically ‘improving’ local shopping streets in deprived areas, actually encourage the colonisation of neighbourhoods by the more affluent.
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Oza, Preeti, and Ashmi Sheth. "DIASPORA TRANSITION-THE GERMAN REFUGEE BY BERNARD MALAMUD – INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS." GAP BODHI TARU - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47968/gapbodhi.310010.
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Malamud emerged as a talented artist, depicting the life of the Jewish poor in New York. His creative works are appreciated for his allegory and mastery in the art of storytelling. Malamud was the son of Jewish grocers and he grew up in a predominantly Jewish neighborhood in Brooklyn. Some argue that this was the reason that he wrote stories "set in small, prisonlike stores of various kinds" Malamud explores the social realism and ethnic identity in most of his short stories – ‘The Jew Bird,’ ‘Black is my Favorite Color’, ‘The German Refugee’. Malamud's fictional works also include themes of compassion, redemption, new life, the potential of meaningful suffering and self-sacrifice, all of which can be found in “The German Refugee” "The German Refugee" concludes Bernard Malamud's second collection of short stories, Idiots First (1963). The setting is New York City in the summer of 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II.
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De Leonardis, Antonella, Vincenzo Macciola, Serena Niro, Ahindra Nag, and Gianfranco Panfili. "Limits and potentials of African red palm oils purchased from European ethnic food stores." European Food Research and Technology 243, no. 7 (December 28, 2016): 1239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-016-2839-1.
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Shive, Steven E., Grace X. Ma, Patricia M. Legos, and Earl S. Shive. "Study of Adolescents Who Provide Tobacco to Other Adolescents in a Racial/Ethnic Diverse Population." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i4.546.
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This study examined the sources of tobacco and the adolescent provision of tobacco to other adolescents in an ethnically/racially diverse, large heterogeneous urban, adolescent population in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A stratified multistage purposive sampling procedure was used to select an ethnically/racially diverse sample, which consisted of 569 students in grades 8-10 in five public and nonpublic funded schools. A logistical regression analysis was used to examine potential predictor variables of adolescent provision of tobacco to other adolescents. Social sources of tobacco were more common than commercial. Gas stations/convenience stores, grocery stores, recreational/sports centers, and pharmacies were the most reported commercial sources. Among adolescent smokers, 46% of smokers gave tobacco to another adolescent. Tobacco was sold (32.2%) and given as a gift (67.8%). Positive correlates of adolescent provision included family availability, best friends and father smoked, purchased cigarettes in the last 30 days, and ownership of tobacco brand merchandise.
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Parzer, Michael, Franz Astleithner, and Irene Rieder. "Deliciously Exotic? Immigrant Grocery Shops and Their Non-Migrant Clientele." International Review of Social Research 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0004.
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AbstractThis paper examines native consumption practices in immigrant grocery stores. Drawing on qualitative research on immigrant food retail in Vienna, we reveal how native Austrians use immigrant grocery shops, how they purchase products and which meanings they attribute to the act of shopping. We identified two different modes of shopping: Whileconsuming for convenienceis driven by aspects of practicability,consuming for exceptionalityis related to the attraction of ‘the foreign’. This typology corresponds with two special types of consumers: The ‘Because’-consumers use immigrant shops mainlybecause ofthe ethnicity associated with the shops, the owners and their staff. The ‘Nevertheless’-consumers use these shopsin spite ofthe entrepreneurs’ (imagined) ethnic origin and their migrant background. While ‘Because’-consumers run the risk of reproducing ethnic stereotypes, the ‘Nevertheless’- consumers may tend to retain or even strengthen their xenophobic resentments. These results partly challenge previous findings which argue that natives’ shopping routines in immigrant stores have become increasingly ordinary. We conclude by suggesting further research to examine the conditions under which an everyday engagement with foreign culture is promoted – without falling into the trap of reproducing symbolic boundaries between the majority and the minority.
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Gibbons, Joseph. "Distancing the socially distanced: Racial/ethnic composition’s association with physical distancing in response to COVID-19 in the U.S." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): e0251960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251960.
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Social distancing prescribed by policy makers in response to COVID-19 raises important questions as to how effectively people of color can distance. Due to inequalities from residential segregation, Hispanic and Black populations have challenges in meeting health expectations. However, segregated neighborhoods also support the formation of social bonds that relate to healthy behaviors. We evaluate the question of non-White distancing using social mobility data from Google on three sites: workplaces, grocery stores, and recreational locations. Employing hierarchical linear modeling and geographically weighted regression, we find the relation of race/ethnicity to COVID-19 distancing is varied across the United States. The HLM models show that compared to Black populations, Hispanic populations overall more effectively distance from recreation sites and grocery stores: each point increase in percent Hispanic was related to residents being 0.092 percent less likely (p< 0.05) to visit recreational sites and 0.127 percent less likely (p< 0.01) to visit grocery stores since the onset of COVID-19. However, the GWR models show there are places where the percent Black is locally related to recreation distancing while percent Hispanic is not. Further, these models show the association of percent Black to recreation and grocery distancing can be locally as strong as 1.057 percent (p< 0.05) and 0.989 percent (p< 0.05), respectively. Next, the HLM models identified that Black/White residential isolation was related to less distancing, with each point of isolation residents were 11.476 percent more likely (p< 0.01) to go to recreational sites and 7.493 percent more likely (p< 0.05) to visit grocery stores compared to before COVID-19. These models did not find a measurable advantage/disadvantage for Black populations in these places compared to White populations. COVID-19 policy should not assume disadvantage in achieving social distancing accrue equally to different racial/ethnic minorities.
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Carpi, Estella. "Towards a Neo-cosmetic Humanitarianism: Refugee Self-reliance as a Social-cohesion Regime in Lebanon’s Halba." Journal of Refugee Studies 33, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez083.
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Abstract This article focuses on Syrian-refugee self-reliance and humanitarian efforts meant to foster it in Halba, northern Lebanon. I argue that humanitarian livelihood programming is ‘neo-cosmetic’, as the skills refugees acquire through humanitarian programmes turn out to be little more than a cosmetic accessory. While the humanitarian apparatus deliberately limits its action in order not to challenge host economies, the acquired skills do not practically enhance refugees’ possibility to be employed. Instead, refugee self-reliance is reconfigured as the ‘inter-ethnic promotion of host stability’. Relatedly, I propose that the aim of implementing social cohesion in multi-ethnic areas reveals a new ethnicization of care within the humanitarian system. Within this framework, the citizen practice of running hardware stores on a permanent basis coexists with the temporariness of refugee livelihood practices. Lastly, I rethink social membership in a refugee–host setting by adopting a practice-based approach to the research subjects in an effort to challenge the ethnic definitions of social groups and other pre-established forms of belonging.
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Rybarczyk, Greg, Dorceta Taylor, Shannon Brines, and Richard Wetzel. "A Geospatial Analysis of Access to Ethnic Food Retailers in Two Michigan Cities: Investigating the Importance of Outlet Type within Active Travel Neighborhoods." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010166.
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To date, the research that examines food accessibility has tended to ignore ethnic food outlets. This void leaves us with a limited understanding of how such food stores may, or may not, impact food security. The study discussed herein addressed this by conducting a geospatial assessment of ethnic food outlet accessibility in two U.S. cities: Flint and Grand Rapids, Michigan. We used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools to create a revealed accessibility index for each food outlet, and used the index to determine access within active travel service areas. We utilized an ordinary least squares regression (OLS), and two local models: spatial autoregression (SAR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to enhance our understanding of global and localized relationships between outlet accessibility and type (while controlling for known covariates). The results show that the local models outperformed (R2 max = 0.938) the OLS model. The study found that there was reduced access to ethnic restaurants in all service areas of Grand Rapids. However, in Flint, we observed this association in the bicycling areas only. Also notable were the influences that demographic characteristics had on access in each city. Ultimately, the findings tell us that nuanced planning and policy approaches are needed in order to promote greater access to ethnic food outlets and reduce overall food insecurity.
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Kuppinger, Petra. "A Neighborhood Shopping Street and the Making of Urban Cultures and Economies in Germany." City & Community 13, no. 2 (June 2014): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12064.
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This paper examines the cultural, social, and economic contributions of multi–ethnic neighborhood businesses to the transformation of German cityscapes. The diversity on N–Street in Stuttgart has been at the forefront of urban transformations and cultural production. I show that neighborhood stores and shopping streets are sites of urban experiments and cultural beginnings which produce new authenticities in the face of rapid urban homogenization. Combining theoretical debates about urban “authenticities,” the creative potential of immigrant neighborhoods, and ethnic/cross–cultural economies, I analyze transformations of N–Street and the surrounding neighborhood. I argue that neighborhood shopping streets are relevant nodes and agents in urban transformations and the production of urban futures. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, I introduce N–Street's history, its current configuration of genuinely local urban cultures and economies, and its cultural complexity and cultural and economic innovation.
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Mosher, James F., and Maia E. D’Andrea. "Engaging youth in alcohol policy: The Lee Law Project." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.206.
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Mosher, J., & D’Andrea, M. (2015). Engaging youth in alcohol policy: The Lee Law Project. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 113-118. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.206Aims: (1) Conduct a pilot project to test the effectiveness of a youth development “toolkit” designed to reduce youth exposure tosignage on liquor store windows; (2) Highlight the disparity in violation rates of a state law limiting window signage on liquorstore windows between low income communities of color and higher income, predominantly Anglo communities.Design: Pilot project/case study. Participating young people, working with adult coaches, photographed liquor store windows inthree communities and determined level of compliance with state law limiting liquor store window signage to 33 percent of totalwindow area and requiring clear view of cash register area in the store.Setting: Three communities in Santa Cruz County, California, with diverse income and racial/ethnic compositions.Participants: 71 liquor stores.Measures: Compliance rates of participating liquor stores with state law limiting the amount and placement of window signage.Findings: Low income, predominantly Latino community had significantly lower compliance rates than two nearby higherincome, Anglo communities. Youth participants successfully engaged community organizations and policy makers in advocatingfor voluntary compliance.Conclusions: The toolkit provides a promising model for engaging youth in alcohol policy reform and reducing youth exposureto liquor store signage.
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Ginn, Alison, Anne Majumdar, Marimba Carr, Ginny Eastwood, and Beth Menger. "Mapping access to community-developed healthy food baskets including cost and availability." Health Education Journal 75, no. 8 (July 28, 2016): 911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896916632789.
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Background: Food security is a topical issue but one that can be difficult to measure. Objective: To develop a community-approved food basket tool and use this to investigate the availability and affordability of a healthy diet in a multicultural urban setting. Design: A 7-day healthy food basket (HFB) containing 96 foods for six household types was developed through focus groups ( n = 6) with local residents recruited via the local health service and community organisations. A total of 41 stores were surveyed against the recommendations of the HFB. The availability and price of core food groups and energy dense discretionary foods were analysed. Setting: A multicultural area in Central London with a high concentration of socially and economically deprived households. Results: Healthy food for a variety of minority ethnic diets was available in the study area, although only one supermarket and three online stores stocked the full basket. Discretionary foods were readily available and often cheaper than healthier options. The largest proportions of cost were attributed to protein foods (30%–38%) and fruit and vegetables (20%–27%). Most foods in the HFB were cheaper at larger supermarkets, although fruit and vegetables cost less at markets and local stores. Total basket price varied greatly between stores, with cost savings achieved when buying from at least three stores. Conclusion: Economically disadvantaged members of the community may be excluded from accessing a healthy diet rather than cheaper foods that are energy dense and low in nutrients, particularly if they are unable to shop around. These findings provide insight for the development of voluntary sector partnership programmes, community education and local policy planning.
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Crowe, Jessica, Constance Lacy, and Yolanda Columbus. "Barriers to Food Security and Community Stress in an Urban Food Desert." Urban Science 2, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2020046.
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By analyzing data from focus groups in a poor, mostly African American neighborhood in a large U.S. city, we describe how residents in urban food deserts access food, the barriers they experience in accessing nutritious, affordable food, and how community food insecurity exacerbates prior social, built, and economic stressors. Provided the unwillingness of supermarkets and supercenters to locate to poor urban areas and the need for nutritious, affordable food, it may be more efficient and equitable for government programs to financially partner with ethnic markets and smaller locally-owned grocery stores to increase the distribution and marketing of healthy foods rather than to spend resources trying to entice a large supermarket to locate to the neighborhood. By focusing on improving the conditions of the neighborhood and making smaller grocery stores and markets more affordable and produce more attractive to residents, the social, built, and economic stressors experienced by residents will be reduced, thereby possibly improving overall mental and physical health.
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Paige, Shari, Elaine Hatfield, and Lu Liang. "Iranian-American’s Perceptions of Prejudice and Discrimination: Differences Between Muslim, Jewish, and Non-Religious Iranian-Americans." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 9, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 236–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v9i2.194.
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Recent political events have created a political and social climate in the United States that promotes prejudice against Middle Eastern, Iranian, and Muslim peoples. In this study, we were interested in investigating two major questions: (1) How much ethnic harassment do Iranian-American men and women from various religious backgrounds (Muslim, Jewish, or no religious affiliation at all) perceive in their day-to-day interactions? (2) To what extent does the possession of stereotypical Middle Eastern, Iranian, or Muslim traits (an accent, dark skin, wearing of religious symbols, traditional garb, etc.) spark prejudice and thus the perception of ethnic harassment? Subjects were recruited from two very different sources: (1) shoppers at grocery stores in Iranian-American neighborhoods in Los Angeles, and (2) a survey posted on an online survey site. A total of 338 Iranian-Americans, ages 18 and older, completed an in-person or online questionnaire that included the following: a request for demographic information, an assessment of religious preferences, a survey of how “typically” Iranian-American Muslim or Iranian-American Jewish the respondents’ traits were, and the Ethnic Harassment Experiences Scale. One surprise was that, in general, our participants reported experiencing a great deal of ethnic harassment. As predicted, Iranian-American Muslim men perceived the most discrimination—far more discrimination than did American Muslim women. Overall, there were no significant differences between the various religious groups. All felt discriminated against. Iranian-American men and women, whose appearance was stereotypically Middle Eastern (i.e., they wore Middle Eastern clothing), who had sub-ethnic identification, and who had lower family income, generally reported experiencing the most prejudice.
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Goldman, Arieh, and Hayiel Hino. "Supermarkets vs. traditional retail stores: diagnosing the barriers to supermarkets’ market share growth in an ethnic minority community." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 12, no. 4 (July 2005): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2004.10.002.
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Fox, Cybelle. "BEYOND BLACK AND WHITE: Racial Conflict in the New Multi-ethnic City." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 1, no. 1 (March 2004): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x04000098.
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Claire Jean Kim, Bitter Fruit: The Politics of Black-Korean Conflict in New York City. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000, 300 pages, ISBN 0-300-07406-9, $45.00.Jennifer Lee, Civility in the City: Blacks, Jews, and Koreans in Urban America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002, 270 pages, ISBN 0-674-00897-9, $35.00.In-Jin Yoon, On My Own: Korean Businesses and Race Relations in America. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1997, 274 pages, ISBN 0-226-959279-9, $45.00.During the past decade, scholars of ethno-racial relations have increasingly grappled with the thorny issue of Black-Korean conflict. This attention is no doubt the result of a number of high profile, sometimes violent, and often prolonged clashes between Blacks and Koreans in large urban settings. On January 18, 1990, an incident between a Black customer and a Korean storeowner at the Family Red Apple Inc. grocery store touched off a yearlong boycott of two Korean businesses in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, NY. The 1992 Los Angeles Rebellion, which was originally sparked by the acquittal of four White police officers accused of beating Black motorist, Rodney King, led to three days of looting, arson, and violence. The event quickly became framed in terms of a conflict between Blacks and Koreans, however, as Koreans owned more than half of the stores that were burned or looted. While the evidence of real and often acute tensions between these groups is irrefutable, in many instances the media has tended to distort the nature, scale, and significance of the clashes by over-dramatizing Black-Korean conflict (Lee 2002), obfuscating Korean-Latino conflict (Bobo et al., 1994; Oliver et al., 1993), and ignoring and therefore silencing Korean voices (Abelmann and Lie, 1995). Thankfully, careful, scholarly analyses of these incidents and the tensions that precipitate them are starting to emerge. Civility in the City, Bitter Fruit, and On My Own are some of the best recent examples of this new literature and are each valuable attempts to increase understanding about the nature of merchant-customer relations in predominantly Black urban neighborhoods.
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Mills, Sarah D., Shelley D. Golden, Lisa Henriksen, Amanda Y. Kong, Tara L. Queen, and Kurt M. Ribisl. "Neighbourhood disparities in the price of the cheapest cigarettes in the USA." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 9 (May 23, 2019): 894–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210998.
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BackgroundThere is evidence that the cheapest cigarettes cost even less in neighbourhoods with higher proportions of youth, racial/ethnic minorities and low-income residents. This study examined the relationship between the price of the cheapest cigarette pack and neighbourhood demographics in a representative sample of tobacco retailers in the USA.MethodsData collectors recorded the price of the cheapest cigarette pack (regardless of brand) in 2069 retailers in 2015. Multilevel linear modelling examined the relationship between price and store neighbourhood (census tract) characteristics, specifically median household income and percentage of youth, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic residents.ResultsAverage price for the cheapest pack was $5.17 (SD=1.73) and it was discounted in 19.7% of stores. The price was $0.04 less for each SD increase in the percentage of youth and $0.22 less in neighbourhoods with the lowest as compared with the highest median household incomes. Excluding excise taxes, the average price was $2.48 (SD=0.85), and associations with neighbourhood demographics were similar.ConclusionThe cheapest cigarettes cost significantly less in neighbourhoods with a greater percentage of youth and lower median household income. Non-tax mechanisms to increase price, such as minimum price laws and restrictions on discounts/coupons, may increase cheap cigarette prices.
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Gray, Heewon, Jessica Berumen, Sharonda Lovett, David Himmelgreen, Dipayan Biswas, Joe Bohn, Caitlyn Peacock, Acadia Buro, and Whitney Van Arsdale. "Understanding Access to Healthy Foods and Grocery Shopping Patterns Among Community Residents in Underserved Neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_045.
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Abstract Objectives It is widely accepted that low-income and racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods are disproportionately affected by diet-related adverse health outcomes. Access to healthy foods has also been shown to be a determinant of more optimal dietary intake and health. This study aimed to conduct a survey to examine grocery shopping patterns and food access among community residents in underserved neighborhoods; the study was conducted in partnership with community organizations. Methods A survey was administered cross-sectionally. Twenty-seven questions adapted from previous research regarding grocery shopping patterns and food access were included. Community residents aged ≥18 years in East Tampa, a designated Florida Community Redevelopment Area (CRA), were recruited at community events/meetings, and an online version of the survey was distributed through the email listserv of community partners. A total of 126 residents participated; the majority was African American, female, and ≥35 years of age. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. GIS mapping was subsequently used to examine the residents’ accessibility to grocery stores within the neighborhoods. Results The majority (58%) of the participants reported that they usually buy most of their groceries at supermarkets, followed by large chain stores (41%), farmers markets (11%), and discount stores (10%). There were 4 major stores in the neighborhoods identified as preferred grocery stores. Most participants indicated that they use cash (52%) or EBT card (30%) for grocery shopping, and 33% regularly get food from food pantries. Most residents use their own cars (76%) for transportation and indicated that it takes ≤30 minutes (87%) to get their groceries. Ninety participants (71%) indicated that a new supermarket nearby would help them get food easier, followed by a new farmers market. In an open-ended question, some reported that mobile food trucks or delivery services would make it easier to get the foods. A specific location for a new supermarket was identified by each participant. Conclusions Community residents demanded a new supermarket or farmers market with better variety of fresh produce. The results of this study have been discussed with the community partners and the CRA advisory committee. Funding Sources University of South Florida, College of Public Health Internal Faculty Awards.
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Tanna, Nuttan K., Emma C. Alexander, Charlotte Lee, Monica Lakhanpaul, Rickin M. Popat, Pamela Almeida-Meza, Alice Tuck, Logan Manikam, and Mitch Blair. "Interventions to improve vitamin D status in at-risk ethnic groups during pregnancy and early childhood: a systematic review." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 11 (February 17, 2021): 3498–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021000756.
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AbstractObjective:To systematically review the literature with the primary aim of identifying behavioural interventions to improve vitamin D stores in children from at-risk ethnic groups.Design:Review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017080932. Health Behaviour Model and Behaviour Change Wheel framework constructs used to underpin evaluation of interventions. Methodological quality evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias, Cochrane ROBINS-I and NHLBI tools.Setting:Databases Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL with secondary search of Google Scholar. No country limits set. Papers between January 1990 and February 2018, published in English included. Anticipating study heterogeneity, outcome measures not pre-specified and identified from individual full papers. Updated literature search November 2020.Participants:Patient or population including pregnant women, newborns and children aged under 18 years, from Asian or African ethnic groups.Results:Of 10 690 articles screened, 298 underwent full-text review, with 24 ultimately included for data extraction. All identified studies conducted a vitamin D pharmacological supplementation intervention, with two also incorporating a behavioural intervention strategy. No study explicitly defined a primary aim of evaluating a behavioural intervention, undertaken to study its effect on vitamin D supplement uptake.Conclusions:There is a need to address the paucity of data in ethnic at-risk children on how behavioural interventions ideally developed and co-produced with the community under study, affect and help improve vitamin D uptake, within the antenatal and pregnancy phase as well as during childhood.
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Bell, Caryn, Jordan Kerr, and Jessica Young. "Associations between Obesity, Obesogenic Environments, and Structural Racism Vary by County-Level Racial Composition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 9, 2019): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050861.
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Obesity rates in the U.S. are associated with area-level, food-related characteristics. Studies have previously examined the role of structural racism (policies/practices that advantaged White Americans and deprived other racial/ethnic minority groups), but racial inequalities in socioeconomic status (SES) is a novel indicator. The aim of this study is to determine the associations between racial inequalities in SES with obesity and obesogenic environments. Data from 2007–2014 County Health Rankings and 2012–2016 County Business Patterns were combined to assess the associations between relative SES comparing Blacks to Whites with obesity, and number of grocery stores and fast food restaurants in U.S. counties. Random effects linear and Poisson regressions were used and stratified by county racial composition. Racial inequality in poverty, unemployment, and homeownership were associated with higher obesity rates. Racial inequality in median income, college graduates, and unemployment were associated with fewer grocery stores and more fast food restaurants. Associations varied by county racial composition. The results demonstrate that a novel indicator of structural racism on the county-level is associated with obesity and obesogenic environments. Associations vary by SES measure and county racial composition, suggesting the ability for targeted interventions to improve obesogenic environments and policies to eliminate racial inequalities in SES.
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Sazhin, Valentin. "Attitudes Towards Gypsies in Ukraine (1989)." Nationalities Papers 19, no. 3 (1991): 337–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999108408207.
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Gypsies are one of the most famous though least known national minorities, representatives of which can be found in many countries. Several works have been written about them but no analysis has yet been made of the interrelationship between Gypsies and the nationalities among whom they live. An analysis of this kind is timely in that it would give governments a means with which to alleviate ethnic tensions by amending their present faulty nationality minority policies.The author of this article has recently made a detailed sociological study by means of a lengthy questionnaire of the attitudes of various nationality groups towards each other in Ukraine. Included in it are questions either directly or indirectly relating to the Gypsies. This ethnic group, despite its relatively small size, is well known throughout Ukraine. Gypsies stand out from the rest of the population by their way of life and by their appearance; as a rule, they speak their own language, even though they know the languages of other nationalities. Most of the population of Ukraine comes in contact with Gypsies, though most often with their worst representatives (swindlers, extortionists, etc.). They meet these Gypsies in the most populous places—at railroad stations, outside large stores, and in marketplaces.
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Komakech, Morris D. C., and Suzanne F. Jackson. "A Study of the Role of Small Ethnic Retail Grocery Stores in Urban Renewal in a Social Housing Project, Toronto, Canada." Journal of Urban Health 93, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-016-0041-1.
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Min, Pyong Gap. "KOREAN-LATINO RELATIONS IN LOS ANGELES AND NEW YORK." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 4, no. 2 (2007): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x07070221.
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This paper examines Korean-Latino relations based on the results of my own research in New York City and review of other empirical studies conducted in New York and Los Angeles. Korean-Latino relations have been established mainly through the employment of Latino immigrants in Korean-owned stores. Since Korean immigrants' heavy dependence on very disadvantaged Latino workers involves labor exploitation, it has been a source of Korean-Latino conflicts. There have been many cases of picketing against Korean stores by Latino employees in both New York City and Los Angeles. But Korean-Latino business-related conflicts have been much less serious than Korean-Black business-related conflicts. Moreover, the relationships between Koreans and Latinos have some positive aspects. First, due to cultural similarities and mutual benefits derived from the employer-employee relationship, many Korean merchants maintain strong personal ties with Latino employees, informally helping them and often sponsoring their applications for green cards. Second, Korean ethnic organizations staffed by 1.5- and second-generation Koreans in Korean enclaves in Los Angeles and New York City have recently expanded their services to Latino immigrant workers and Latino children. In particular, the efforts of the Korean Immigrant Workers Advocates in Los Angeles to protect Latino workers from exploitation by Korean merchants have greatly contributed to establishing cultural, social, and organizational linkages between the two communities.
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Shin, Kyoung-Ho. "Korean entrepreneurs in Kansas City metropolitan area." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 8, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-11-2013-0034.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examines the pattern of linkage between Korean immigrant business community in the Kansas City area and global forces by focusing on how an immigrant community has transformed and reacted to the global trends of business transaction. Design/methodology/approach – The data on Korean entrepreneurs in the Kansas City area was obtained from the semi-structured and informal interviews with Korean community leaders, Korean businessmen and customers who use Korean grocery markets in the Kansas City area. This study also utilizes documents on Korean and Asian ethnic community and neighborhood relations in news media. It analyzes entrepreneurial strategy and business transactions of Korean immigrant community and its relations to global trends using the Directory of Korean Entrepreneurs of Greater Kansas City Area in different points of time: 1990, 2006 and 2011. Findings – The types of businesses observed in the Directory of Korean Business in Greater Kansas City area have changed significantly over time (see Table I). The number of businesses has increased from 181 in 1990 to 281 in 2006 and 197 in 2011, and the business types became diversified from 29 in 1990 to 38 in 2006 and 36 in 2011. The grocery stores and restaurants in community were adapting to global tends to survive by upscaling and diversifying items and targeting customers. Beauty aid supply business remains solid by maintaining globalized business transactions of purchasing and distribution. Research limitations/implications – Based on interviews, this study needs to be extended to other Midwestern cities and Chicago, as a global city, to objectively examine the mode of intersection between globalness and ethnic locality within immigrant communities. Originality/value – This study explores specifically how a transnational community of Korean entrepreneurs in the Kansas City is reacting and adjusting to global trends by probing the strategies of each business segments of grocery store, restaurants and beauty aid supply business.
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Bundas, Andrei. "DIASPORA NETWORKS AND THE CONSUMPTION OF NOSTALGIC PRODUCTS AMONG ROMANIAN MIGRANTS IN GERMANY." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 3, no. 2 (September 2018): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe054.
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Statistics show that cross-national immigration represents one of the fastest growing global trends. Researchers have revealed that immigration is a transnational process with immigrants maintaining ties across the sending and receiving locations, and acting as a bridge between their countries of destination and origin. Research has also revealed the economic link created by the diaspora between the countries of origin and destination with two main components: the remittances sent to families and the consumption of home origin goods, also defined by scholars as ethnic products, nostalgic products or nostalgia products. During the period 2010-2015, the Romanian diaspora had the world's second fastest average annual growth rate. In the same period, Germany became one of the premier destinations for Romanian migration. An empirical study was organized in Germany in the period June – August 2017. The study is based on a regional survey of 124 subjects belonging to the Romanian community in Germany in four Bavarian cities. Four hypotheses have been advanced with the purpose of evaluating the level of demand for home origin products among Romanian migrants, the sources of supply, the level of expenditures and the motivational factors. The findings show that Romanian migrants in Germany manifest an important interest in and demand for home origin country goods; they spend 420 EUR yearly on ethnic products and their consumption motivation is strongly related to the products' special tastes and characteristics. Most of the products are obtained through local ethnic stores. The study’s results also reveal important similarities between the nostalgic product consumption habits of Romanian migrants in Germany and those of South American migrants in the U.S. The study’s findings are relevant for both the literature and for the Romanian companies, especially the ones active in the food and drink sector.
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Mast, Alan E. "Blood Donation and Iron Deficiency." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): SCI—4—SCI—4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-109521.
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Abstract In the United States about 40,000 people per day donate blood. Donors are from all racial/ethnic backgrounds and range in age from 16 to over 80 years old. They are allowed to repeatedly donate blood every 56 days, as long as they maintain their hemoglobin above 12.5 g/dL for females or 13.0 g/dL for males. Although each donation removes 200-250 mg of iron from the donor, testing for iron deficiency is not performed. Thus, blood donation can be viewed as a large clinical study to examine the physiological effects of repeated phlebotomy of approximately 10% of an individual's blood volume. In addition, blood donors are altruistic by nature and typically are very willing to participate in research studies. We have utilized this rich clinical population to perform studies on iron metabolism and red blood cell biology in an otherwise healthy population. These include a study of over 750,000 donors to define the demographics of anemia. A study detailing the body's response to blood donation, finding that recovery of iron stores takes over 90 days, if the donor takes daily iron pills following donation, and much longer if they do not. Despite this long time for recovery of iron stores, some donors are capable of repeatedly donating blood every 56 days for several years without experiencing a low hemoglobin deferral. Study of these "superdonors" has identified potential associated genetic variants and behaviors that allow frequent donation without development of anemia. Teenagers are allowed to donate blood in the United States at the same 56 day donation frequency and hemoglobin cut-off values as adults even though they have increased iron requirements for continued growth and neurocognitive development. A study detailing the impact of blood donation on teenager hemoglobin and iron stores has found that they are more susceptible to iron deficiency than adults, and, therefore, should have extra protections to prevent donation-induced iron deficiency. Disclosures Mast: Novo Nordisk: Research Funding.
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Rajagopal, Dr. "Architecting MexGro: introducing online experience for shopping ethnic products." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 5 (November 14, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2013-0196.
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Subject area Marketing plan; virtual shopping; consumer behavior. Study level/applicability Undergraduate. Case overview This case discusses the e-commerce plan of new online grocery company in Mexico, MexGro, which is planning to emerge as low-cost outlet as compared to the brick-and-mortar establishments in the market. MexGro is an online grocer with a round-the-clock call center to process phone-based orders and to provide customer support. The grocery online company is aimed at setting up a virtual grocery shop by the name of MexGro S.A de C.V to serve cross-cultural products to the Hispanic and Asian communities in Mexico. The MexGro, being a virtual shop, need not pay for checkout clerks; display cases, or parking lots, online grocers can drop prices below those of retail stores and remain profitable. This case explores online consumer-shopping behavior, the economics of online and offline grocery distribution, and the challenges of uniting a pure information business with a mundane package delivery service. Expected learning outcomes This case may be discussed towards learning developing effective online marketing planning strategy for the niche markets. The specific learning objectives of the case are: to analyze the virtual marketing planning constituents for developing customer-centric marketing within a niche and explore the possibilities of sustainable business growth to encourage strategic thinking towards developing online marketing plan and develop effective communications among the consumers and to address the critical online planning issues, such as what are the prospects for grocery shopping on the internet. The case allows students to grapple with the strategic and tactical decisions on planning for the online marketing companies. Students will also become familiar with key questions/issues raised by the various executives of the company in formulating the online marketing plan for ethnic grocery in a niche business environment: the case challenges students to think about how online grocer creates the most value for customers and how grocer will likely be able to overcome the competition from the brick-and-mortar grocers. Should Wal-Mart be aggressive in launching its grocery brand? The case raises issues to debate on how the organizational and system decisions are faced by managers in developing a virtual shopping culture in Mexico as the company has the goal to move among more efficient competitors in the supermarket industry, and How the online marketing plan can be implemented within a niche. This case study would take students through the rise of a private brand to the strategies of its sustainability in the competitive marketplace. This case illustrates the importance of using new variables in developing an effective marketing plan when companies reinforce their products in the niche markets. The discussion in the case allows students an opportunity to evaluate online marketing planning and their brands in a niche as well as in a competitive marketplace. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Ng, Shu Wen, Jennifer M. Poti, and Barry M. Popkin. "Trends in racial/ethnic and income disparities in foods and beverages consumed and purchased from stores among US households with children, 2000–2013." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 104, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 750–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.127944.
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Ford, P. B., and D. A. Dzewaltowski. "Geographic, Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Availability of Grocery Stores and Supermarkets Among Low-Income Women Across the Urban–Rural Continuum." Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 5, no. 2 (May 28, 2010): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19320241003800276.
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Alexander, Jennifer, and Paul Alexander. "Protecting Peasants from Capitalism: The Subordination of Javanese Traders by the Colonial State." Comparative Studies in Society and History 33, no. 2 (April 1991): 370–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500017060.
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Colonial Java represents the paradigmatic case of an ethnically stratified economy. The Dutch controlled large-scale agricultural production and processing and the sale of these products in European markets. They also monopolised the import of European manufactured commodities, such as cloth. The Javanese provided labour for the cultivation and processing of export crops, maintaining themselves by subsistence farming and subsidiary occupations, such as petty trading and handicrafts. The Chinese linked the other two groups, providing supervisors and skilled workers in export agriculture, bulking peasant crops for interregional trade and export to other Asian countries, and wholesaling the imported and manufactured commodities that the Javanese required. Although ethnic monopoly of economic function was never quite this absolute, the basic hierarchical structure was only momentarily threatened in the mid-1930s, when the Japanese began importing their own commodities and selling them in their own stores to challenge the position of both the Dutch and the Chinese (Cator 1936:75–7; Liem 1947:66).
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Zahnow, Renee. "Mixed Land Use: Implications for Violence and Property Crime." City & Community 17, no. 4 (December 2018): 1119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12337.
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This study investigates the effect of mixed land use on violence and property crime in neighborhood block groups while simultaneously considering the presence of criminogenic facilities and sociodemographic conditions. We conduct negative binomial regression to examine the relationship between mixed land use and crime and investigate whether the relationship is moderated by sociodemographic characteristics or the presence of criminogenic facilities. The results suggest that mixed land use may reduce property crime while violent crime is influenced by mixed land use in nearby neighborhoods. There was an additional effect of the presence of particular facilities, notably bars, transportation stations, schools, stores, and gas stations in the neighborhood. There was some evidence that the impact of land use mix on crime varies dependent on residential mobility, ethnic diversity and the presence of bars, transport stations, and schools. Our findings indicate that those responsible for planning urban spaces and developing land use policies should consider differential effects of land use characteristics across neighborhood contexts.
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Karki, Lila B., Uma Karki, and Srinivasa R. Mentreddy. "125 Possibility of Shifting Domestic Supply Curve for Lamb and Goat Meat: The Case of Market Price Information in the Southeast USA." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.009.
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Abstract The United States imported $1.01 billion in lamb and goat meat in 2018, which was 5.94% higher than in 2017. However, local sheep and goat farmers are facing challenges for getting fair prices for their animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the market price of lamb and goat meat in the Southeast United States. The surveys were introduced to 15 cities of Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The price for lamb and goat meat was collected for three years (2017–2019). Of the 360 price observations (n = 360) collected from these cities, 290 were for lamb and 70 for goat meat. The price consisted of 27 and 12 different types of lamb and goat meat, respectively, from the selected retail and ethnic stores. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. The mean price for lamb ranged from $50.58/kg for rack lamb to $10.98/kg for stew bone. Similarly, the most expensive goat meat type was leg stew ($26.38/kg), followed by the whole goat leg ($24.18/kg), and the regular meat was the least expensive ($10.32/kg). The mean price of lamb and goat meat varied as per the type of meat in each state and city. The majority of stores predominantly sold imported lamb and goat meat from Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Mexico, China, and Uruguay. The study revealed that the different types of lamb and goat meatare selling for good prices, thereby indicating a promising market for the domestic lamb and goat meat in the Southeast.
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Norgan, NG. "Laboratory and field measurements of body composition." Public Health Nutrition 8, no. 7a (October 2005): 1108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005799.
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AbstractObjectiveThis background paper was prepared in response to a request to review the concepts related to measurement of body composition, to discuss laboratory and field methods of assessing body composition and to discuss the practical applications of the methods – how they might be used singly or in combination to provide data for a selected population.DesignThe common laboratory and field methods are described and discussed, with particular attention to the assumptions involved and the applicability of the methods to the different population groups. Most measurements of body composition are made in the field, at the bedside or clinic as opposed to in the laboratory. The laboratory methods have a role to play in their own right, in research into new concepts, models and methods. However, they are particularly important in establishing the accuracy of the field methods.SettingField, bedside and laboratory studies.SubjectsChildren, adults, the elderly, ethnic groups.ResultsLaboratory estimates of body compositions are best performed by multi-component methods or by 2-component methods adjusted for to the populations under investigation. There is a scarcity of data for most of the populations in the world.ConclusionsEnergy requirements based on body weight are an approximation since they do not take into account differences in body composition, which will better determine the true requirements. The measurement of body composition occurs in many branches of biology and medicine. It is used in the assessment of nutritional and growth status and in disease states and their treatment. Energy stores, skeletal muscle and protein content can be determined and changes monitored. In human energetics, body composition is widely used for the standardisation of other variables, such as basal metabolic rate (BMR), in the assessments of ethnic and environmental differences and of variability and adaptation to different levels of nutrition. Choosing a method is very problematic. Users want simple, inexpensive, rapid, safe accurate methods to measure body composition but speed and simplicity come at the expense of accuracy. Recommendations are made for age, sex, and in some cases, fatness and ethnic specific methods.
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Bowen, Deborah, Jennifer Jabson, Wendy Barrington, Alyson Littman, Donald Patrick, Anne Moudon, Denise Albano, and Shirley Beresford. "Environmental and Individual Predictors of Healthy Dietary Behaviors in a Sample of Middle Aged Hispanic and Caucasian Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102277.
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The objective of this effort is to gather data to tailor interventions appropriately. Greater understanding of the correlates of socioeconomic status and obesogenic dietary behaviors was the focus of this manuscript. Using multistage sampling, women with varied education levels completed a baseline assessment in a longitudinal study of women aged 30 to 50 years. This study was conducted in low-SES areas of South King County, Washington State. This study included 530 Caucasian and 510 Hispanic women. Fruit and vegetable consumption was positively associated and soft drink consumption inversely associated with the level of education in Caucasian women. In contrast, percentage calories from fat was positively associated with the level of education in Hispanic women. In Hispanic women, level of education interacted significantly with food security in relation to percentage calories from fat, and with eating norms in relation to soft drink consumption. Neighborhood presence of ethnic food stores was associated with outcomes for Hispanic women, but for Caucasians, presence of fast food restaurants was important. Education was consistently associated with two of the three obesogenic dietary behaviors studied among Caucasian women. Education played a moderating role in the associations of food security and eating norms, independent of area level food availability, in two of three obesogenic dietary behaviors studied. However, these patterns differed for Hispanic women, indicating the need for more research into important variables to support change in Hispanic women. Women of differing ethnic groups did not respond similarly to environmental conditions and policy-relevant surroundings. These data have meaning for considering urban policy that impacts obesity levels in the population.
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Marfina, Zhanna V., and Oksana V. Shkuran. "PERCEPTION OF THE WIFE IN RUSSIAN AND UKRAINIAN CULTURE (BASED ON PAROEMIAE)." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 58 (2020): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2020-58-151-164.
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The paper examines the Russian and Ukrainian paroemiae collected and systematized in ethnographic and lexicographic sources of different periods which include one of the main nominations of kinship “wife”. Interest in this component of paroemiae is determined by its linguocultural stereotypification: the wife is perceived, first of all, as a guardian of the hearth, the attitude to whom changed due to cultural, social, geopolitical conditions of family formation. The relevance of the research stems from the need of representing the national stereotype and identification of a new range of fixed modern cultural images of the “wife” component in the East Slavic language space. Behavioral stereotypes, mythological representations, social norms, phraseological collocations, symbols, rules of speech reproduction, folklore texts themselves accumulate in the collective memory the most important experience of an ethnic group — from a homekeeper to a modern socially active charismatic personality capable of performing complex ideological tasks. Results obtained afforded grounds for concluding that the nomination “wife” stores sacral cultural and historical information as a part of paroemiae of the Russian and Ukrainian languages, is illustrative of the national stereotype and reveals a new range of the fixed modern cultural images in the modern language space.
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Weiner, James F. "Sherlock Holmes and Martin Heidegger." Archaeological Dialogues 3, no. 1 (May 1996): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800000568.
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Let me begin my commentary on Julian Thomas' provocative and stimulating project by invoking, as anthropologists seem to do from time to time, the figure of Sherlock Holmes. Holmes, as we know, classified types of persons, livelihoods, mentalities and criminalities by, among other things, the varieties of dirt on their shoes, the characteristic calluses and grooves on their hands, the imprints they made upon different utensils, the kinds of tobacco, food scraps, and bits of clothing they left behind as traces of their presence. Holmes made a living out of deducing the motivational and moral contours of a human personality from such material indices. He knew the physical components of his environment – the different soils and plants of London, which stores purveyed which implements and goods characteristically utilised by criminals – and he catalogued the sartorial and other visible indices which marked inhabitants of different districts, and socioeconomic and ethnic categories. We also learned that he was not unfamiliar with the Who's Who of London society of his time, not to mention the London constabulary and the organisation of various other professions whose activities related to his interest in crime solving.