Journal articles on the topic 'Ethnic groups – Great Britain – Social conditions'
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1
Streltsov, Alexey. "Afrikaner Nationalism in the Political Life of the Union of South Africa in the First Third of the 20th Century." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 59, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-59-2-74-87.
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The purpose of the article is to trace the formation and development of Afrikaner nationalism, which played an important role in the political life of the Union of South Africa in the first third of the 20th century; to find out the origins of the formation of Afrikaner nationalism and what factors influenced this formation; to analyze which groups of the white population of the Union of South Africa were close to the ideas of Afrikaner nationalism, to show how Afrikaner nationalism diverged from other ideologies in the Union of South Africa and how it influenced the political life of the dominion, how it influenced the relations of the Union of South Africa with Great Britain and, consequently, the formation of the British Commonwealth. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that nationalism is still an ideology that unites various social groups in many countries of the world. The conditions for the formation of Afrikaner nationalism are similar to the conditions for the formation of nationalism of other ethnic groups.
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Fieldhouse, E. A., and M. I. Gould. "Ethnic Minority Unemployment and Local Labour Market Conditions in Great Britain." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 5 (May 1998): 833–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a300833.
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British ethnic minority unemployment rates are considerably higher than those of the white population. In 1991 the ethnic minority unemployment rate was more than double that of the white majority. One possible explanation is that Britain's ethnic minorities are concentrated in areas of economic disadvantage. The authors use the 2% Individual Sample of Anonymised Records (SAR) in conjunction with area-based census data for pseudo travel-to-work areas, to explore the relative importance of individual characteristics and area characteristics on ethnic minority unemployment rates. Multilevel modelling techniques are employed to estimate simultaneously variations between individuals and between areas after allowing for variables measured at both levels of analysis. The most important differences in the propensity to unemployment are shown to be between individuals, and, compared with whites, ethnic minority groups are shown to be disadvantaged wherever they live. In general, there is also evidence of greater variation in ethnic minority unemployment between areas than there is for whites. However, there is the same underlying geography of unemployment for the black and white populations, but a slightly different pattern for Asian ethnic groups. These differences can be explained only partially by area-level characteristics. In all, it is argued that at the spatial scale which is identifiable in the Individual SAR, ethnic minority unemployment cannot be attributed to geographical distribution, though data at a finer geographical scale are needed to test this hypothesis more fully.
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Bloch, Alice. "‘Labour Market Participation and Conditions of Employment: A Comparison of Minority Ethnic Groups and Refugees in Britain’." Sociological Research Online 9, no. 2 (May 2004): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.919.
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This paper draws on data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and from a survey of 400 refugees in Britain in order to present an up to data comparison of the labour market experiences of minority ethnic groups and refugees. It will show that refugees experience lower rates of employment than their ethnic minority counterparts and that those refugees in employment are more likely to be in temporary and part-time work with poorer terms and conditions of employment and with lower wages. The reasons why refugees experience greater disadvantage in the labour market than others include structural barriers due to policies such as dispersal that can leave refugees isolated from social and community networks that provide information and advice and informal routes into employment but also leave refugees in areas with higher levels of unemployment. Migration patterns are also influential with refugees for the most part arriving more recently in Britain than people from minority ethnic groups. Refugees are also increasingly reliant on agents and smugglers to plan their route and destination and so asylum seekers can find themselves in countries where they have no social networks. Social networks and community organisations play an important role in the early stages of settlement. Finally, the circumstances of exile, attitudes to the country of origin and the insecurity of having temporary status in Britain all prevent economic activity.
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Brugha, Traolach, Rachel Jenkins, Paul Bebbington, Howard Meltzer, Glyn Lewis, and Michael Farrell. "Risk factors and the prevalence of neurosis and psychosis in ethnic groups in Great Britain." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 39, no. 12 (December 2004): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0830-9.
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Song, Miri. "What Constitutes Intermarriage for Multiracial People in Britain?" ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 662, no. 1 (October 11, 2015): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215595387.
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Intermarriage is of great interest to analysts because a group’s tendency to partner across ethnic boundaries is usually seen as a key indicator of the social distance between groups in a multiethnic society. Theories of intermarriage as a key indicator of integration are, however, typically premised upon the union of white and nonwhite individuals, and we know very little about what happens in the unions of multiracial people, who are the children of intermarried couples. What constitutes intermarriage for multiracial people? Do multiracial individuals think that ethnic or racial ancestries are a defining aspect of their relationships with their partners? In this article, I argue that there are no conventions for how we characterize endogamous or exogamous relationships for multiracial people. I then draw on examples of how multiracial people and their partners in Britain regard their relationships with their partners and the significance of their and their partners’ ethnic and racial backgrounds. I argue that partners’ specific ancestries do not necessarily predict the ways in which multiracial individuals regard their partners’ ethnic and racial backgrounds as constituting difference or commonality within their relationships.
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Sidorov, Viktor V. "ETHNIC PARTIES AS AGENTS OF ETHNO-POLITICAL MOBILIZATION IN THE STATES OF WESTERN EUROPE." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 3 (2022): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2022-3-93-101.
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The article is concerned with the study of the ethnic parties influ The article is concerned with the study of the ethnic parties infl uence on the political mobilization processes in the states of Western Europe. Ethnic parties are often viewed as institutions that increase ethnic tensions and conflicts, but still such parties function in many European countries. In political science, there is a discussion about how and under what conditions ethnic parties really pose a danger to the political stability. Ethno-political conflicts presuppose the presence of mobilization of ethnic groups. The article proves that ethnic parties drastically increase ethno-political mobilization. Ethnic parties are interested in such mobilization and form the mobilization infrastructure. A comparative analysis of ethno-political parties of Belgium, Great Britain and Spain showed that ethno-political mobilization in them differs significantly. If in Spain the protests in Catalonia threatened not only national political stability, but also the security of citizens, then in Belgium and the UK, ethnic parties limited themselves to mobilizing citizens for electoral political participation.
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Harutyunyan, Narine. "MULTICULTURALISM AS A TROJAN HORSE OF BRITISHNESS." Armenian Folia Anglistika 20, no. 1 (29) (May 15, 2024): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2024.20.1.115.
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This study is devoted to the multilayered and controversial problem of multiculturalism, in the context of national identity in the territory of modern Great Britain. The article deals with the problems of the transformation of the linguistic and cultural components of the life of the country, and the perception and acceptance of ethnic diversity by the population of Britain. Particular attention is paid to the emergence of new varieties of the English language - ethnolects and multiethnolects, resulting from the relationship between different ethnic groups in the context of multiculturalism. In the article, the author gives examples that testify to the fiasco of multiculturalism and reflects on the social and linguistic aspects of the process of integrating non-racial, non-religious migrants into European and, in particular, English society. The paper considers such a phenomenon as the “cancellation culture” of the white race. The questions of the formation of a hybrid identity are touched upon, as well as concerns are expressed about the possible negative impact of the osternization of Europe.
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NAROVLIANSKIY, Oleksandr. "EDUCATIONAL TOURISM IN GREAT BRITAIN." Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education Herald. Series: Philosophy, Pedagogy, Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023) (December 29, 2023): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54891/2786-7013-2023-2-17.
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The article is devoted to the organisation of educational excursions in the UK and their role in the educational process of secondary schools. The purpose is to analyze the existing experience of organising school trips and to identify opportunities for using this experience in modern education in Ukraine. The historical origins of educational excursions are identified. The results of surveys and other studies conducted in the UK to determine the attitude of teachers to excursions as an element of the educational process, as well as the problems that arise in their organisation, are highlighted. Current experience of conducting excursions in various subjects - history, geography, natural sciences, mathematics, social sciences, computer technology. The article identifies the most popular educational tourism sites in the UK and highlights the methods used to organise school tours (specially designed tours related to the school curriculum, master classes, workshops, etc.) It is noted that special educational and training centers have been set up at certain facilities to conduct training sessions. It is noted that in Britain, excursions to government facilities such as the Parliament, the Royal Palace, the residence of the head of government, and the court have become widespread. It is determined that most museums and other visitor attractions establish preferential conditions for receiving groups of schoolchildren or provide opportunities for free visits. The problems that hinder the development of educational tourism at the present stage of development, in particular, lack of funding, are identified. The role of charitable foundations in the development and support of school excursions and the directions of their activities are highlighted. The experience of involving business structures, in particular Hyundai, in supporting educational tourism is analyzed. The unique experience of parliamentary support for educational tourism through the development of special bills on outdoor education, which are at different stages of consideration by the parliaments of Great Britain, Scotland and Wales, is indicated. The elements of experience that can be used in domestic education are identified.
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Bristol-Alagbariya, Edward T. "Ancient Niger Delta Trading States, 1884/85 Negative Sovereignty Treaties, Positive International Law, British Colonization & Good Governance towards the Advancement of Civilization in Nigeria." International Journal of Developing and Emerging Economies 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 34–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijdee.13/vol10n23461.
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This socio-legal study examines the 1884/85 imperialistic vis-à-vis negative sovereignty treaties of friendship, commerce and protection, simply called treaties of protection, which were entered into by Great Britain and the Ancient Niger Delta Trading States, so as to maintain and strengthen the cordial relations that were existing between the parties. However, positive international law altered the hitherto proto natural law-based equal and cordial relations between the Ancient Niger Delta Trading States and the Western European nations, from the 15th Century AD, when the Portuguese explorers and merchants were dominant in the Niger Delta region, before the arrival of Great Britain and France in the region about the 18th Century AD. Positive international law, enhanced by British gunboat diplomacy associated with it, promoted Western imperialism and thereby enabled Great Britain to achieve her imperialist ambition of transforming the erstwhile naturally sovereign Ancient Niger Delta Trading States and their mainland and hinterland ethnic nationality areas into the 1885 British Protectorate of the Niger Districts. Based on British imperialist protectionism over the Niger Districts and the rest of pre-colonial Nigeria, the entire ethnic nationality areas of pre-colonial Nigeria became a single British colonial possession called the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, otherwise called modern Nigeria, in 1914. The British colonial government eventually granted political independence to modern Nigeria in October 1960. From the background of the aforementioned 1884/85 negative sovereignty treaties and continuing agitation of separatist groups in post-colonial Nigeria for improvement of their lots, the study makes a case for good governance, boosted by ethos of natural law and the social contract of governance, towards the advancement of civilization in the country.
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Musa, Ibrahim. "Ethnic Conflict in World Politics." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 3 (October 1, 1997): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i3.2273.
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Thi publication comes at a time when unprecedented bloody ethnic conflictnot only dominate the global media and international politics, but also numb theworld's conscience. Bosnia Herzegovina, Somalia, Rwanda, Burundi, EastTimor, Chechnia, Kashmir, and Kurdistan are some of the famous landmarkswhere entire countries and communities are caught up in the web of ethnic conflict.In other instances, ethnic conflict is gradually becoming a feature ofnational life. It is not at all unfamiliar to hear reports of ethnic conflict in India(Hindu-Muslim riots), Germany (violence against immigrant Turks), France(anti-Arab right-wing nationalist fervor and the Muslim scarf issue), the UnitedStates (Los Angeles riots after the Rodney King trial) and Great Britain (Muslimand government standoff over Salman Rushdie's Satanic Verses).Gurr and Harff have written a useful book that tries to make sense of the causesof ethnic conflict in different parts of the world. It deals with the issue in thecontext of rapid changes in the world order; the emergence of ethnopoliticalgroups or ethnoclasses; the struggles for either autonomy or pluralism by variousethnic and social groups; the challenges that ethnopolitics poses to the international.legal and political systems; and the effect of this on communitiesdemanding ethnic rights. It also attempts to provide a framework for analysis ...
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Pierce, Elyse. "The Danger of Cultural Erasure in Inter-Ethnic, Inter-Religious, Trans-National Rescue During Genocide: A Comparison of the Shoah and the Bosnian Civil War." Volume 4 4, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33929/sherm.2022.vol4.no1.02.
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International genocide intervention strategies that involve the extended evacuation and/or displacement of refugees often save the physical lives of would-be victims at the expense of psychological and social trauma and cultural erasure. Through a comparison of the international rescue efforts of the Kindertransport program in Great Britain prior to and during the Second World War and the refugee caravans organized by La Benevolencija in Sarajevo during the Bosnian Civil War, the benefits and dangers of inter-ethnic, inter-religious rescue in times of mass violence are examined, along with how the social dynamics of racialized religious identification influenced the occurrence of these intervention strategies. The implications gleaned from this comparison offer guidance for current and future genocide intervention programs, where great care should be taken, whenever possible, to keep family groups intact and together, provide necessary psychological and social services for refugees, and allow for the continued practice of communal cultural and religious traditions without forced assimilation. The moment of physical rescue is only the initial component of a successful intervention into religio-ethnic violence; to truly prevent the genocidal destruction of a people and culture, those people’s ability to identify with their traditions and maintain their way of life is of equal and vital importance.
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Miles, William F. S. "Postcolonial Borderland Legacies of Anglo–French Partition in West Africa." African Studies Review 58, no. 3 (November 23, 2015): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.71.
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Abstract:More than five decades after independence, Africa still struggles with the legacies of colonial partition. On the territorial frontiers between the postcolonial inheritors of the two major colonial powers, Great Britain and France, the continuing impact of European colonialism remains most acute. On the one hand, the splitting of erstwhile homogeneous ethnic groups into British and French camps gave rise to new national identities; on the other hand, it circumvented any possibility of sovereignty via ethnic solidarity. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the ethnic groups that were divided between English- and French-speaking states in West Africa, let alone the African continent writ large. This article joins postcolonial ethnography to the emerging field of comparative borderland studies. It argues that, although norms of state-based identity have been internalized in the Anglophone–Francophone borderlands, indigenous bases of association and behavior continue to define life along the West African frontier in ways that undermine state sovereignty. Although social scientists tend to focus on national- and sub-national-level analyses, and increasingly on the effects of globalization on institutional change, study of the African borderlands highlights the continuing importance of colonial legacies and grassroots-derived research.
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Ismayilova, Laman. "New direction in the ethnography science - "Ethnosociology"." Scientific Bulletin 1, no. 1 (2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/bpxr1777.
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Ethnic sociology as a direction of ethnographic science was developed in Azerbaijan in the first half of the 80s of the last century. The subject, ethnosociological research has been and remains quite wide in Azerbaijan. Ethnosociological studies are not only in great scientific interest and they also have great practical importance, especially in the context of the socio-political, social and ethnocultural transformations experienced in Azerbaijan since regaining its independence in 1991. Nowadays, ethnic and sociological studies have established that global sociocultural changes have also affected almost all aspects of the life of Azerbaijanis and other ethnic groups of the country. At the present, ethnosociological research continues in the direction of identifying the characteristics of ethnocultural and ethnosocial changes in the conditions of modern Azerbaijani society. The results of these and other researches, ongoing in the department of ethnosociological research will be reflected.
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Fieldhouse, Edward, and David Cutts. "Does Diversity Damage Social Capital? A Comparative Study of Neighbourhood Diversity and Social Capital in the US and Britain." Canadian Journal of Political Science 43, no. 2 (May 28, 2010): 289–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423910000065.
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Abstract. A number of scholars have noted a negative relationship between ethnic diversity and social capital or social trust, especially in the US. Evidence from other countries has been more mixed and sometimes contradictory. In this paper we provide the first Anglo-American comparative analysis of the relationship between neighbourhood diversity and social capital, and show how this relationship varies across ethnic categories. We apply multilevel structural equation models to individual level data from the 2000 Citizen Benchmark Survey for the US and the 2005 Citizenship Survey for Great Britain. The findings suggest that while for attitudinal social capital among Whites the negative underlying relationship with diversity is apparent in both countries, the effect is much weaker or reversed for minority groups. For structural social capital the negative relationship is apparent for minorities but not Whites, but this is mainly attributable to other neighbourhood characteristics.Résumé. Un certain nombre d'universitaires ont noté une relation négative entre la diversité ethnique et le capital social ou la confiance sociale, surtout aux États-Unis. D'autres pays, par contre, offrent des constats plus mitigés et parfois contradictoires. Dans cet article, nous présentons la première analyse comparative anglo-américaine de la relation entre la diversité du voisinage et le capital social et nous démontrons comment cette relation varie selon les catégories ethniques. Nous appliquons des modélisations par équation structurelle à multiniveaux à des données de niveau individuel provenant du Citizen Benchmark Survey de 2000 pour les États-Unis et du Citizenship Survey de 2005 pour la Grande-Bretagne. Les résultats démontrent que si, pour le capital social attitudinal, la relation fondamentale négative avec la diversité est évidente parmi les Blancs dans les deux pays, l'effet est cependant beaucoup plus faible ou renversé pour les groupes minoritaires. En ce qui concerne le capital social structurel, la relation négative est évidente pour les minorités, mais pas pour les Blancs, mais cette situation est principalement attribuable à d'autres caractéristiques du voisinage.
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Wang, Xunhua, Jiayuan Wu, and Yang Yang. "Strengthening the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community to Promote High-Quality Development in Ethnic Regions." International Journal of Education and Humanities 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v9i2.9711.
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The formation and development of the consciousness of the Chinese national community cannot be separated from the great power of all ethnic groups bravely moving forward and closely uniting. Promoting high-quality development in ethnic regions cannot be separated from the spiritual support of all ethnic groups striving together and steadily moving forward. To implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and respond to the call of the country for rural revitalization, we formed a research team to understand the basic situation in the Ruoergai area and the living conditions of local farmers and herdsmen. We visited and communicated with the local communities, deeply understanding the changes in the Ruoergai region in terms of economic development, environmental changes, and social harmony. We also gained insight into the contributions made in the region towards solidifying the consciousness of the Chinese national community, as well as the efforts made to promote high-quality development in the ethnic regions.
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Karužaitė, Daiva. "Higher Education Changes in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries." Pedagogika 117, no. 1 (March 5, 2015): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2015.064.
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The article reveals development and essential changes of higher education in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries.
During last century Great Britain higher education system has changed dramatically – from elite higher education in the beginning of XX century, which was available for very small part of society, to mass higher education with variety of institutions and education programs. Nowadays there is almost half of Great Britain population (of certain age group) obtaining higher education certificate or diploma.
The junction of XX and XXI centuries was signed with significant shift in the gender structure of higher education students: more women obtained fist university degree than men. Ten years later the same was recorded in higher degrees.
The intense change of Great Britain higher education from elite to mass inevitably influenced the higher education finance sector. Great Britain used to cover all expenses of higher education from the budget. However, the financial crises occurred in the last decade of XX century, and the government was forced to seek for new financing models of higher education. First time in Great Britain higher education history the tuition fee was introduced. Striving to ensure the higher education accessibility for all social groups in Great Britain, the tuition fees were complemented with the grants and loans with special repayment (or without) conditions. Nevertheless, the financial reform, started in 1998, already was changed several times and has raised lots of critics.
Along with the financial reform Great Britain deals with the higher education quality issues. There was no essential discussions about higher education quality in the beginning of the XX century as it was elite higher education. Moving to the mass higher education with variety of institutions and dramatically growing student number, the quality question becomes relevant. Despite the owning the largest number of worldwide level elite universities in Europe, Great Britain seeks to ensure the quality in all higher education institutions in the country. Therefore the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education was established. The Agency puts students and the public interest at the center of everything they do. Great Britain higher education quality policy is implemented basing on the Quality Code for Higher Education.
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Rashed, Daher. "A két világháború közti libanoni rendszer természetrajza." Belvedere Meridionale 31, no. 3 (2019): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.3.4.
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The reconfiguration of the Middle East after the First World War can be regarded as the first wave of Europeanization in the Middle East. The centuries-long imperial order that defined the region and originated from local factors were replaced by a European-type modern state system, in which mandate powers such as France and Great Britain established Western institutions with their secular ideology, administrative basis, and understanding of sovereignty. It was evident from the beginning, that the arbitrarily designated borders broke many wellestablished local compromises and subverted the delicate balance between different sects, religions, language groups, and nations. The case of Lebanon – as the most complex area concerning the ethnic and sectarian divisions – illustrates the fact that implementing a European style nationstate into a Middle Eastern environment met with resistance and these set of internal contradictions have been exerting influence on the political situation of the region ever since. Although the mandate system of the interwar period broke up and Lebanon gained independence after the Second World War, the original demands by local movements (e.g. establishing a Greater Syria) was not possible owing to the firm establishment of new borders after 1918. In practice, this meant that independence was materialized in a framework defined by France and Great Britain and this condition considerably limited the space of action both on the political and the social level.
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Logvinova, Dariya. "The use of conceptual and categorical apparatus in the cross-national comparative researches." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 33-34 (August 25, 2017): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2016.33-34.71-76.
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At the beginning of the XXI century a noticeable transformation of migration processes is observed under the influence of globalization, which effect the change of social, cultural, spiritual and economic models of different countries and world regions more and more actively. This stipulates the necessity for host countries to improve migration policies for more effective control over economic, social and cultural advantages or, vice versa, disadvantages, which international migration brings with it. Consequently, the necessity of constant examination of this problem seems logical, including the level of cross-national comparative researches, during which the study of the same phenomenon in two or more countries in various socio-cultural conditions with the usage of the same tools takes place. Taking into consideration the variable and unpredictable nature of the problem, the necessity of the stable basis for such researches is transparent, first of all, the need of permanent generally accepted and used conceptual and categorical apparatus, which predetermines primary importance of the research of this apparatus in the field of migration; in this context, the analysis of using of the terms “migrant” and “ethnic minority” in the scientific political and social discourses of such countries, as Canada, Great Britain and Germany is given in the case of this article.
Keywords: Migration, migrant, ethnic minority, cross-national comparative researches, conceptual and categorical apparatus
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Khakhalkina, Elena. "Windrush Generation in the Context of the Modern Development of Multiracial Great Britain." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 6 (2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018792-9.
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The author focuses on events related to the understanding of the role and place of immigrants from the West-India in modern multiracial society in Britain that have been largely unexplored in Russian historical scholarship. The first part of the article provides a brief historical outline relating to the arrival in the United Kingdom in 1948 of the ship “Empire Windrush”, which symbolised the beginning of mass immigration into the country. The second part of the article analyses the parliamentary discussions on the commemorative events of the 70th anniversary and the social and political scandal that arose on the eve of the celebration. The author pays particular attention to clarifying the controversial question in the political discourse in the United Kingdom as to what the true reason was for the surge of immigration from colonies and countries that gained their sovereign status after the Second World War. The third part provides an overview of the settlement of the scandal and the problem of monetary compensation to the affected citizens. Sources include debates in both Houses of Parliament, Cabinet documents, and statistical data. Historical-genetic, comparative and structural-functional analysis became the research methods. The author concludes that the wide public and political resonance of the anniversary celebrations and all related events reflects the complexity and multifaceted nature of the problem of migrant integration and the reconfiguration of the existing model of national identity of Great Britain, the “outlier” element of which is the attitude towards the colonial and post-colonial past of the country. Against the backdrop of debates in Parliament, there was a demand from various ethnic groups, including those represented in the political establishment, for recognition of their real contribution to the development of the United Kingdom, an inclusive environment, and multiracial diversity. The outlined topics clarify the features of the migration picture in Great Britain and bring about an understanding of fundamental questions about the essence of British identity.
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ΔΑΜΗΛΑΚΟΥ, ΜΑΡΙΑ. "ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΕΥΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΑΣΤΙΚΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ. Η ΕΓΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΙΩΝ ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΟΛΗ ΤΟΥ ΜΠΟΥΕΝΟΣ ΑΪΡΕΣ (1880-1920)." Μνήμων 26 (January 1, 2004): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mnimon.835.
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<p>Maria Damilakou, Immigration and Urbanisation. The Settlement of European Immigrants in the City of Buenos Aires (1880-1920)</p><p>The present article is based on the national census of Argentina as wellas on the municipal census of the city of Buenos Aires, during the period 1869-1914; it aims to illuminate certain aspects of the mutual relationship developed between the immigrants' action and the urban space where they were called to settle in. The choices of housing and the «routes» of the different ethnic groups in the neighbourhoods and suburbs of the city were inserted in a wider context, defined by structural factors related to work, social hierarchies and urban space's organization. However, this context did not exist independently from the immigrants' action: their cultural characteristics, desires and decisions were constantly creating new conditions that contributed to the successive transformations of Buenos Aires' urban network. The map of the different settlements of the ethnic groups in the city of Buenos Aires reveals, on the one hand, the absence of closed ghettoes and exclusive neighbourhoods and, on the other hand, the tendency of the ethnic groups to be concentrated in certain zones; these tendencies oblige us to moderate both the image of an harmonic coexistence of all immigrants, as well as the model based on the existence of clear boundaries among ethnic groups, accordingly to their position in the social hierarchies. Many and varying factors seem to have conditioned the settlement patterns of ethnic groups: the great number and the early arrival of Italian and Spanish immigrants contributed to their dispersion all over the city, whereas smaller ethnic groups such as the Portuguese and the British, tended to be more concentrated in certain neighbourhoods. The remarkable concentration of certain groups, such as the French and the British, was also due to their high socio-economic level; Finally, the cohesion of latter immigrant groups —Russian Jews, Syrianand Lebanese— could be attributed to their cultural particularity incomparison to the host society. However, the map of the settlements of the ethnic groups was not a static one but was constantly changing: since the beginning of the 20th century until 1914, one could observe a high mobility towards the city's periphery, related to the access to the proper house, which determined the city's expansion patterns. The immigrants' action in the suburbs determined not only Buenos Aires' urbanisation process but also the architecture and the neighbourhoods' style. Despite the decisive role of mass transports' expansion and the opportunities offered by the landmarket, immigrants' mobility towards the suburbs can not be conceived independently of the ethnic social networks through which many immigrants followed the steps of their parents and fellow countrymen. Besides, the role of the argentine state in the housing problem was limited: the attempt to create some state subsidized houses in the periphery had very relative results and the poor suburbs were mostly inhabited through more «spontaneous» mechanisms, based on the ethnic social networks.</p>
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Dnistrianska, Natalia. "ETHNIC TOURISM AS A PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY OF THE LVIV REGION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL RISKS." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 54, no. 1 (July 11, 2023): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.1.14.
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The prospects for the development of ethnic tourism in Lviv region in the conditions of quarantine and armed resistance to russian aggression are revealed. At the same time, ethnic tourism is considered as the use of cultural resources of ethnic minorities of Ukraine in tourist activities, including visits by tourists to places of concentration of monuments of traditional culture and life of ethnographic groups of the Ukrainian people, i.e. ethnographic tourism. It is concluded that the motivations of ethnic tourism in general and ethnographic tourism in particular are both the desire for tourists to visit places of their historical residence, and the desire to learn about the cultural characteristics of various peoples and ethnographic groups.
Considering the modern mainly monoethnic character of Lviv region, ethnographic tourism has every reason to become the basis of ethnic tourism in the region. The informational prerequisite for the organization of ethnographic tourism is ethnographic zoning, taking into account the peculiarities of Ukrainian traditional construction and local dialects, which made it possible to distinguish five ethnographic districts: Boyko`s, Pidighiria`s, Nadsyannia`s, Roztotchia-Opillia`s, Pobuzia-Styrs`s. Within each of these districts, important objects for the development of ethnographic tourism have been identified. Thus, wooden churches, bell towers, museums, and artistic woodwork are of the greatest importance in the Boyko`s ethnographic district. The peculiarity of the Pidigiria ethnographic district is the wide spread of folk arts and crafts (shoemaking, ceramics, embroidery), traditional production, in particular, salt. A characteristic feature of Nadsiania is the noticeable Polish influence on the traditional culture of the Ukrainian people, which is due to both the geographical location and the placement of individual Polish settlements, which gives Ukrainian traditional culture (embroidery, carpet making, traditional sacred construction) a special flavor. The Roztotchia-Opillia ethnographic district occupies a central geographical position in the region and concentrates significant resources for the development of ethnographic tourism, among which the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life in Lviv is of leading importance. Within the boundaries of this district there are notable ancient settlements that already attract large groups of tourists , and centers of weaving and carpet making, ceramics, as well as unique temples. The Pobuzia-Stirs`s ethnographic district is located in the central-northern plain part of the region and has many common features with ethnographic Volyn. Landmarks of traditional sacral construction have been preserved within this district, which are of great touristic attractiveness.
Various cultural objects of defensive, residential and sacred purpose, connected with the residence of representatives of ethnic minorities (Poles, Jews, Armenians, Germans) in the region in the past, have every reason to be the objects of interest of foreign and Ukrainian tourists in Lviv region. On the basis of the interconnected use of ethno-cultural resources of the region, it is already possible to plan tourist routes of various lengths, taking into account the possibility of combining different types of tourism, as well as the basic importance of such nodal tourist and recreational centers as Lviv, Truskavets, Morshyn.
Keywords: ethnic tourism, ethnographic tourism, cultural and tourist resources, ethnographic regions of Lviv region, cultural sights of ethnic minorities in Lviv region.
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Ružić, Natasha K., Katica Jurčević, Ozana Ramljak, and María Florencia Luchetti. "Ključni čimbenici iseljavanja iz Hrvatske i ostanka u iseljeništvu prema percepciji iseljenika." Migracijske i etničke teme / Migration and Ethnic Themes 39, no. 1 (2023): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11567/met.39.1.4.
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Croatia has been facing a population decline, mainly due to a low birth rate and the emigration of young and qualified workers. Considering the historical and dynamic aspects of emigration (Draženović, Kunovac and Pripužić, 2018), leading to depopulation, it is necessary to investigate all contributing factors in Croatia and explore potential models and measures to mitigate these unfavourable processes. Apart from Germany, Croatian citizens have emigrated mostly to Ireland and Austria since the country acceded to the EU (Pokos, 2017). Research confirms that the number of Croatian citizens who immigrated to Germany, Ireland and Austria in 2016 was, on average, 62% higher than the official data reported by the Republic of Croatia (Jerić, 2019). The increasingly intensive emigration of the young and able-bodied population additionally contributes to a rapidly ageing population, exerting strong pressure on the sustainability of the pension system (Družić, Beg and Raguž Krištić, 2016) and underscores the importance of investigating the reasons for emigration and the factors essential for return. Migration is also an important area of interest for the European Union due to its exceptional impact on all aspects of society. Increased opportunities for mobility, advances in technology that provide access to information sources, and societal changes strongly suggest the need for policymakers to examine the micro, meso, and macro drivers that influence migration or potentially influence a person's decision not to migrate or remigrate. Governments require migration analysis to create informed migration policies, including citizen participation in the policy development process. The perspectives of migrants and their behaviour should be taken into account when creating policies to better understand the key success factors needed for the desired outcomes of migrants (European Commission, 2020). According to Fargues (2017), migration is a complex process that is constantly changing as a result of various local, international, and global situations, highlighting the need for con¬tinual investigation and repeated surveying of the population. Within the current demographic climate, the World Youth Alliance Croatia (SSMH) launched the project “Network 2050 – Demography, From Challenges to Answers”, co-financed by the European Social Fund. The project is based on intersectoral cooperation, identified as necessary for improving collaborative efforts to address the effects of negative demographic trends on the social and economic development of Croatia and develop measures for demographic revitalisation. This paper will present the data and analysis of the empirical results of the research conducted by the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies. The study focuses on emigrants' opinions and perspectives regarding the factors that influenced their decision to migrate. This includes their own perceptions of the situation in Croatia, as well as abroad in their host country, which played a role in their decision-making process and continues to potentially impact them. Additionally, the paper explores the emigrants’ perception of their current life circumstances. The target group comprised Croats currently living as expatriates in European countries. A total of 497 respondents, Croats currently living abroad, most of whom left Croatia between 2016 and 2021, took part in the survey. Three main research questions guided the investigation: 1) What are the key drivers of migration at the micro, meso, and macro levels that influence the decision to emigrate or stay, according to the perception of emigrants from Croatia?; 2) What factors influence the decision of Croats to stay abroad?; and, 3) What are the key factors that influence the decision to return to Croatia? For the purposes of this paper, the general results related to research questions 1 and 2 will be presented. The instrument used for data collection was an online questionnaire that respondents filled out independently. The questionnaire consisted of 62 questions, mostly closed-ended, with only a few open-ended questions to accommodate additional information if participants chose to elaborate on their perceptions. Including this option also allowed for the possibility of results that were not expected by the research team. The questions were divided into five thematic chapters: sociodemographic data, migration status, socioeconomic status, returnee motivational status, and identity and value system. The questionnaire was administered with special attention to the time of completion, clarity, and appropriateness of the questions. The data collection process included advertising the research project and posting calls for participation on various social media networks across platforms managed by members of various Croatian dias¬pora groups. Additionally, advertising was conducted through social groups and institutions, as well as using the snowball method. Data was collected during the period from July to October 2021. At the beginning, the purpose of the questionnaire was explained, and respondents were informed that their participation was voluntary with the possibility to withdraw at any time. Consistency in the questionnaire administration was achieved by exclusively offering it online. A total of 500 responses were received, of which 497 were valid, while three questionnaires were partially filled. Only key socio-demographic information was collected and, together with the respondents' personal perceptions, it was examined in relation to the key drivers of emigration. Their perception is the key feedback that can help state authorities and policymakers in designing measures aimed at retaining the population and attract¬ing potential returnees. Their perception was viewed as potentially showing indica¬tors of migration drivers, push and pull factors, as well as demonstrating public perception around key issues and policies, and the type of information (including its accuracy) used to inform migration. Respecting the perception of the general public when creating policies is in line with the concepts promoted by the EU Parliament (2020), which encourages the participation of citizens in decision-making. According to the obtained sociodemographic data, 208 respondents (41.9%) were female, and 289 respondents (58.1%) were male. The most represented age category (39%) was 30–39 years old. Additionally, 24% of respondents were between 40 and 49 years old, 22% were between 18 and 29 years old 9.5 % were between 50 and 59 years old, 3.2% were 60–69 years old and 2% were between 70 and 81 years old. This indicates that the majority of respondents who leave are younger than 40, i.e. in the reproductive age group. The results obtained support the relevance of the research by Družić, Beg and Raguž Krištić (2016), who warn about the loss of the young population in Croatia, which results in population ageing. The majority (78.3%) were born in Croatia, and the next significant group (13.1%) was born in Bosnia and Herzego¬vina. The largest group of respondents, at the time of the questionnaire, lived in Germany, followed by the numerically significant groups in Great Britain, Ireland and Sweden. The trend shown by the majority of respondents coming from Germany is in line with the large wave of migration to Germany since 2013 when Croatia entered the EU, and since July 2015 when the labour market in Germany was opened to Croatia. Jurić (2022) and Pokos (2017) describe Germany as still the most desirable country for Croatian emigration. The results showed that macro-level factors related to working conditions and employment rates influence micro-level factors, such as socioeconomic status. Work opportunities and the working environment were perceived as somewhat important because respondents believe that these aspects affect their personal quality of life. An interesting result is that the number of respondents who stated that they were married or in a partnership doubled after moving. It is worth mentioning that Jang, Cast¬erline and Snyder (2014) warn that the longer the time spent abroad, the stronger the ties made, potentially leading to the establishment of family life connected to the host country. This could negatively affect the potential decision to return. The influence of this factor at the micro level requires further research to show the possible impact of marriages abroad on the mobility of new families and their possible return to Croatia, especially if Croatia's goal is to encourage the return of its emigrants. The results of this study, as well as the recommendations of researchers such as Kis, Ozdemir and Ward (2015) on the importance of improving working conditions and wages as a means of improving living conditions, are useful for formulating strategies for population retention. Additionally, certain political restrictions can negatively affect the achievement of the country's migration goals (Boswell, 2002), which, in the case of Croatia, involves return migration and population retention.
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Ojo, Sanya. "African Pentecostalism as entrepreneurial space." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 9, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-02-2015-0022.
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Purpose – This study aims to intend to examine how African Pentecostals use the structure of their religion to re-enact their entrepreneurial ideals and uniqueness and develop enterprising attitude and altitude. Also to appraise how they manipulate their ethnic cultural assets and faith-based networks to stimulate and maintain their entrepreneurial activities. Design/methodology/approach – A case study of a specific religious organisation was exploited whereby a few number of adherents from a particular ethnic church in the UK were interviewed. The theoretical framework of Mead’s symbolic interaction was explored to accomplish the study’s objectives. Findings – Findings demonstrate the ability of an ethnic minority group to adjust to a secondary range of social conditions in the country of residence through adoption of a theology that tracks the contours of their culture. Research limitations/implications – This paper emphasises the significance of material expressions of spiritual agency that acts as instrument of establishing the active, progressing self of ethnic minority group in the country of residence, thus, illuminating the interconnections between religion and enterprise. Such understandings present great prospects to fabricate new sites of meaning among a particular minority group through understanding various contradictions embedded in their religious practices. Practical implications – The study stresses the significance of material expressions of spiritual agency that acts as avenue for disadvantaged group to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The Pentecostal enclave thus helps immigrants to keep body and soul together in an environment that is embedded with ethnic penalties. Social implications – The African Pentecostal movement serves, not only as instrument of converting others, but its Prosperity gospel emphasis the significance of material expression of spiritual agency. This acts as a means of establishing the active, progressing self, with capacity to produce law-abiding citizenry among ethnic groups. Originality/value – The study illuminates the interconnections between religion and enterprise that offer great opportunities to fabricate new sites of meaning among a particular minority group through understanding various contradictions embedded in their religious practices.
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Lugovskoy, A. V., Y. S. Pestushko, and E. V. Savelova. "Insularity as a core of ethnocultural identity (a comparative study of Great Britain and Japan)." Japanese Studies in Russia, no. 3 (October 12, 2023): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2023-3-49-62.
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The formation of cultural characteristics of a nation as well as the peculiarities of its worldview and ethnic psychology are largely influenced by the geographical factor which comprises the location of a country, its climate, the access or absence of access to seas, oceans, etc. One of relatively new terms in the Russian and foreign humanities is “insularity” which is understood as “isolated origin,” or “island location,” or “the island effect.” The notion of insularity is not only constituted by the fact of geographic isolation, but it also includes certain cultural, political, and ethnocultural features. The study aims to analyze the effect of the geographic insulation of Great Britain and Japan on the formation of island mentality and specific socio-cultural characteristics of these two island nations. The authors discuss the defining role of the geographical factor in the formation of the aforesaid characteristics of the British and the Japanese. The article particularly focuses on the study of national character traits typical of the two insular cultures. The study argues that the insular location of Great Britain and Japan as well as the climatic and natural conditions of these countries not only predetermined the specifics of human settlement and their economy but also shaped the mentality and worldviews of the people inhabiting the islands. The key factor in forming the national identity of both the British and the Japanese is the image of the Other, the image of the enemy. The distinction between the Self and the Other has underpinned a number of key national values. At the same time, the insular cultures of the UK and Japan display certain differences. Japan is a country with a distinct hierarchical social organization in which respect for older people and superiors is a key cultural characteristic. In contrast, the UK has a less hierarchical individualistic society. Furthermore, Japan is more conventional from the point of view of its cultural and religious institutions, norms and values. In its turn, the UK is more modern and possesses an ability to flexibly incorporate other cultural traits and new ideas. Finally, Japanese culture focuses more on collectivist practices whereas the UK being partly under the influence of European mentality is more oriented towards individualism and personal freedom.
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I Gede Dedy Diana Putra, Kadek Agus Wardana, and I Made Gede Nesa Saputra. "PENDIDIKAN PLURALISME DALAM MEMBANGUN JATI DIRI BANGSA (Perspektif Agama Hindu)." Guna Widya: Jurnal Pendidikan Hindu 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/gw.v10i2.2798.
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A country that has multiethnic and multimental uniqueness like Indonesia is faced with its own dilemma, on the one hand bringing Indonesia to become a great nation as a multicultural nation-state, but on the other hand it is a threat. So it is not an exaggeration to say that multicultural conditions are like coals in husks which are easily ignited and heat up at any time. Indonesia has great potential for conflicts between groups, ethnic groups, religions and ethnic groups. One of the indications is that various social, professional, religious, and organizations or groups have started to thrive and are struggling and acting on behalf of group interests which lead to SARA (ethnic, religious, racial and inter-group) conflicts. To produce valid and reliable data, this paper uses a qualitative writing style. In producing logical data, this paper performs several stages of data sorting in the form of: 1). Data reduction, 2). Display data, 3). Verifying data, and 4). Interpreting research data. In its presentation, measurable analysis becomes the basis for processing the data obtained. The perfection of this paper cannot be separated from the library technique which is carried out through an assessment of the existing literature on Google Scholar. Education is the spearhead that is able to restrain and eradicate all harmful doctrines of non-plural and non- multicultural actions which are very appropriate to be applied in the current era in preventing interests and combinations of intolerant understandings in the name of a religion. Strategies in school and implementing a curriculum that emphasizes pluralism and multiculturalism in the current era are very important to be followed up immediately so that misleading intellectual understanding does not multiply ingrained in students' understanding. The role of parents and teachers must be able and synergized in implementing an understanding of the concept of plurality and the plurality of a life so that later students or students understand differences and are able to re-instill heterogeneity. Hinduism in the scope of analysis of pluralism education highly appreciates social diversity. The concept of Hinduism which incidentally is very plural and in its holy book contains teachings about realizing tolerance, namely Widya, Maitri, Ahimsa, and Santi.
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Thako, Hayso, and Tony Waters. "Schooling, Identity, and Nationhood: Karen Mother-Tongue-Based Education in the Thai–Burmese Border Region." Social Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030163.
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Modern Karen education began in the early 1800s when introduced by British and American missionaries at roughly the time the British colonial powers arrived from India. After independence from Great Britain in 1948, Burma faced revolt from ethnic groups including the Karen, in large part, over issues of language and cultural self-rule. This led to the forcible closing of Karen-language schools by the military junta beginning in the 1960s and the re-establishment of Karen schooling by the Karen National Union (KNU) in independent self-rule territories, often near the Thai border. In this context, beginning in the 1980s, Karen-medium language spread into the highlands of Burma and into Thai refugee camps where Karen had been living for nearly four decades. Karen medium education is an important element establishing what Benedict Anderson called the “imagined community”. With mass Karen literacy, a national consciousness emerged, particularly in areas where schools were sustained. This separate consciousness is at the heart of the Karen of Kawthoolei. The Karen Education and Culture Department (KECD) was established in 1947 by the KNU. Karen schools provide mother-tongue-based education. Much of the development of the Karen medium curricula was undertaken by the KECD, and it is significantly different from that of the Burmese government’s curriculum, particularly in terms of language medium, literature, and history. Karen schooling reflects the Karen political consciousness, which will be at the heart of any peace agreements negotiated in the still-ongoing Burmese Civil War.
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Naumenko, Olena. "Politics of the British government for the repatriation of soviet DPs from Western Europe in 1944-1948." European Historical Studies, no. 14 (2019): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.14.101-113.
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The article describes the legal aspect of repatriation of displaced people in British government; The article describes the legal aspect of British politics on repatriation of displaced people; briefly outlines and analyzes the decisions of international meetings of senior officials, that were called upon maintain the organization and operation of this process; discloses the essence and significance of the Yalta agreements for the return of displaced people. In particular, after the Yalta conference, we can clearly see the formation of two separate approaches to repatriation. Thus, we can make a conclusion, that at first time the USSR people’s repatriation had a forcing nature, according to Yalta agreements and clarified protocol to them. But in future, the USA and Great Britain’s governments, especially, after the beginning of Cold War, were giving all kinds of legal and material help DPs, which, because of personal reasons and motives, didn’t aspire to come back, that, in return, on the other hand, considerably deteriorated inter union relations. The Soviet government sought to return all displaced people without any exception, while the Great Britain gave an alternative to all those people, who didn’t want to return to their homeland. In view of this claim, such people were transferred automatically from the category of displaced people to the category of refugees eligible for shelter in Western Europe. The approaches of the British side to different ethnic groups of repatriates are traced; the categories of displaced persons who have not been able to avoid forced return to the USSR under interstate agreements have been identified. As of the end of 1945, with the rise of crisis trends between the governments of the Big Three countries and the controversy surrounding the repatriation issue, the British government decided to halt the forced return of Soviet DPs. In particular, its concerned soldiers of the Waffen SS Galychyna Division, who did not partially come under the conditions of forced return to the USSR, but were able to use the refugee shelter in the Great Britain.
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Rathbone, A., and M. Hagos. "A qualitative study exploring experiences of racism, inclusivity and diversity on career progression in pharmacy practice and education." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (November 30, 2022): ii42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.049.
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Abstract Introduction Approximately 40% of pharmacists in Great Britain identify as part of minority ethnic group, however research has identified that these pharmacists are under-represented in senior management positions.1 Additionally, there is a well documented attainment differential in pharmacy education, suggesting disparity that extends beyond practice, to initial training and education.2 Further work is needed to explore career progression, racism, inclusivity, and diversity in pharmacy practice and education. Aim To explore experiences of racism, inclusivity, and diversity on career progression in pharmacy practice and education. Methods Six online focus groups lasting one hour were competed on Microsoft Teams with a convenience sample of 29 pharmacists, trainees and students recruited via email and social media. Automatic verbatim transcripts were quality checked then thematically analysed using NVivo Version 1.2 and a step-wise approach of familiarization, coding, and clustering to identify key themes that described participants’ experiences. Ethical approval was obtained by an institutional ethics committee. Results The main themes were Defining racism; Experiencing racism; Race talk; and Career progression. Participants defined racism as a combination of ignorance and malice, manifested in derogatory language, physical violence and judgement based on skin colour, accent, hair type, and clothing. Racism was experienced both overtly and subtly, by senior colleagues, contemporaries, patients, and staff members from other disciplines. Two white participants reported never experiencing racism. Engagement with race-related training or practice issues, such as addressing racist encounters with colleagues or patients, was limited by senior managers, who were perceived to prioritise economic interests (not losing customers) and protecting organisational branding. Talking about race (Race talk) was mostly reported as uncomfortable with managers from white backgrounds, as this led to misunderstanding and confusion, misrepresentation as “playing the race card” and minimisation. Equally, white participants reported feeling very uncomfortable and being afraid to talk about race. This meant challenging racist behaviours, attitudes or systems was difficult for all participants and had to pass a threshold to be ‘worth’ bringing up. This threshold was lower if racism was observed directed at somebody else, rather than at participants personally. Career progression was reported as limited due to racial biases by recruiting managers; with participants reporting “there is a certain point where pharmacists of colour can get to”. White participants reported no perceivable impact of their race on career progression. Discussion/Conclusion The aim of the study was to explore racism, inclusivity, and diversity on career progression in pharmacy practice and education. The results demonstrate racism in pharmacy practice and education which cuts across all levels of workforce education, training, and development, creating a perceived ceiling effect. A strength of the study is that participants were recruited from across social and ethnic groups in Great Britain. Although qualitative data are not generalisable, they may be transferable to other settings. Quantitative work is needed to assess the scale of these experiences across the profession. References 1. Seston EM, Fegan T, Hassell K, Schafheutle EI. Black and minority ethnic pharmacists' treatment in the UK: a systematic review. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2015;11(6):749-68. 2. OPM, Qualitative research into Registration Assessment performance among Black-African candidates 2016. Available from: https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/sites/default/files/qual-research-into-ra-performance-among-black-african_candidates_final_1.pdf accessed 6 June 2022
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Gerneshiy, Vasiliy. "The Increasing Role of Educational Tourism in the Training System of the World Tourist Industry: A Socio-Philosophical Inquiry." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2021): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2021.3.16.
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The article presents the theoretical generalization of educational tourism as a social phenomenon of modern society. It is shown that educational tourism is now an integral part of the international systems of higher education for training in tourism. Educational tourism is seen as a particular social institution included in the life of the modern state and aimed at continuous modernization and stratification. The specificity of educational tourism, consisting of the synergistic unity of education and tourism, pedagogical principles, and forms of organization of tourist activity, is deduced. Methodologically, the work is done based on a comparative analysis of the training system for the tourism industry in the Russian Federation with relevant educational institutions of some European countries (in particular, Great Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland). The author reveals the specifics and characteristics of Russian and European educational systems, considering modern societies' economic, technological, and cultural features for training professional staff for the tourism industry. It is emphasized that European educational institutions have significant historical experience in training specialists for the tourism industry. In this regard, proposals for the use of positive foreign experience in training specialists for the tourism industry in the educational activities of Russian universities are outlined. External and internal conditions and factors influencing the educational systems of tourism and hospitality training have been revealed. Particular attention is paid to the requirements imposed on such systems by the professional community. The article reveals the goals, objectives, and forms of implementation of educational tourism in European and Russian systems of training for tourism and hospitality. The most crucial goal of educational tourism at the state level, according to the author, is the formation of a multilateral personality, capable of active and constructive activities in a multi-ethnic and multi-religious environment, with the ability to live in peace and harmony with people of different ethnic cultures and religions.
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Шляхов, O. "Ethnopolitical Contradictions in Katerynoslav Region in the Conditions of the Systemic Crisis of the Russian Autocracy of the End of XIX - BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY." Problems of Political History of Ukraine, no. 15 (February 5, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/11927.
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In the post-reform period, the Katerynoslav province was used as a locomotive of capitalist transformations, and on the other hand represented polyethnic and poly-denominational territories inhabited by Ukrainians, Russians, Jews, Germans, Poles, Greeks, Tatars, Bulgarians. etc. Such diversity could not but affect the ethnic relations in the region, which left a significant imprint on them. These relationships, in turn, were characterized by both relationship development and mutual influences, and a sufficiently high level of conflict. In particular, the author analyzes the causes and manifestations of superechtas between representatives of different ethnic groups that inhabited Katerynoslav region at the end of XIX - early XX centuries.Thus, it is emphasized that the rupture of social ties and impoverishment of a large part of the population during the transition from traditional to industrial society objectively created the basis for the spread of xenophobic and nationalist sentiments. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that at this time tsarism continued to build its intrinsic policy on the principles of the great power, the basis of which was known the «Uvarov» triad – «autocracy, Orthodoxy, nationality», in particular, when the official ideology was counted ethnic Ukrainians to Russians. Therefore, in the confines of a large-scale, chauvinistic policy, the Ukrainians were demolished and assimilated, and the rights of the Jewish population and representatives of other ethnic groups inhabiting the empire were restricted at the legislative level.Conflicts on the national soil in the region have seen an increase in the number of riotous actions against the local Jewish population, as well as the launching of anti-German campaigns, especially during the First World War. In addition, numerous disputes in Katerynoslav province have arisen between Ukrainians and Russians, as well as between local workers and foreign management personnel, who appeared in large numbers at the factories and mines of the region in the modern period. All this led to the destabilization of the socio-political situation, becoming a significant component of the revolutionary crisis that swept the Russian Empire in the early twentieth century.
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Moss, Dana M. "Voice After Exit: Explaining Diaspora Mobilization for the Arab Spring." Social Forces 98, no. 4 (June 18, 2019): 1669–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz070.
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AbstractResearch demonstrates that diaspora movements play a powerful role in contentious politics and social change in their homelands under a range of conditions. However, few have systematically explained the conditions that facilitate diaspora movements’ “voice” after “exit” across cases or over time. The article addresses this shortcoming by explaining how and to what extent diaspora movements became auxiliary forces for anti-regime rebellions during the Arab Spring. Using data that include 239 original interviews on Libyan, Syrian, and Yemeni mobilization from the US and Great Britain, the analysis finds that only some diaspora groups played a sustained, full-spectrum role in their home-country’s rebellion by broadcasting their allies’ claims, remitting resources homeward, representing the rebellion to external audiences, brokering between parties, and volunteering on the front lines. The article then demonstrates how differences in (1) the rebellion’s needs, (2) geopolitical support, (3) activist resources, and (4) access to the front lines produced variation in auxiliary activism by national group, host-country, and over time. In so doing, the article contributes to theories of transnationalism, social movements, diaspora politics, and cross-border contentious politics more generally.
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Skana, Pranvera. "How Social Media Affects Illegal Immigration in Albania?" Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 11, no. 1 (March 23, 2024): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n130.
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The main topic of conversation between Albania and Great Britain at the moment is illegal immigration. The impact that social media has had on the growth in the number of young Albanians traveling to the British island makes these changes even more intriguing. Apps like Tik Tok, Instagram, or Facebook—these previously underutilized mechanisms have transformed into enormous connecting and influencing tools between criminal organizations that readily recruit young people, allowing the growth of illegal commerce. Information is interactive and available in real time due to today's media. Geographically, connections to the targeted people are present everywhere. By showcasing the efforts of "organized groups" via movies, pictures, or letters, these programs build strong relationships based on trust. We are alluding to the TikTok films of Albanian refugees on boats at the Dover port's border with England, which the British press referred to as a "new form of communication". Social media in this situation helps to establish favorable conditions that encourage illegal immigration. Why this subject? Immigration-related concerns are of great importance right now in our nation and abroad. The "communicative" component now provides these innovations a new dimension. The research method is qualitative. Erl Murati, the editor-in-chief of "Gazeta Shqiptare," Bled Koka, the editor-in-chief of "Syri TV/Syri.net," and Zylyftar Bregu, a media researcher, are among the three media specialists who are interviewed. Additionally, 20 interviews with students and youth will be conducted in order to learn more about how to inform them. Quantitative and qualitative statistics will be provided for this article through the TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook accounts that were created specifically for the goal of monitoring the "blogosphere." Received: 19 February 2024 / Accepted: 21 March 2024 / Published: 23 March 2024
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Yashchuk, Sergiy. "Forming of Students’ Professional Legal Competency: Foreign Experience." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2016-0034.
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AbstractThe article deals with analysis of future social workers’ training in the context of forming students’ professional legal competency in higher education institutions of European Union (EU), the USA and Ukraine. Based on the study of scientific and reference sources the peculiarities of the educational process in the most popular higher education institutions, particularly, in EU, offering Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Social Work have been defined: in France there is no distinct differentiation between social workers and social pedagogues; these professions successfully combine functions of education and assistance; future social workers are trained in centers and universities that follow instructions of French National Academy for Youth Protection and Juvenile Justice; at German universities social work curricula are based on threefold study load of future specialists: world societies and social development, social problems and human rights violation, international rights in social work; are interdisciplinary and can be realized in cooperation with other European universities; at British universities teachers have great practical experience in social work; student body is cosmopolitan, i.e. a mixture of mature and young students from different ethnic groups and nationalities; curricula also provide for a large volume of practical learning in working conditions corresponding to national requirements; in Spain future specialists are trained for three appropriate segments of labour market, namely, law, social work expert and Master in Social Work (such specializations as social mediation, leisure time activities, professional adaptation).
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Salata, Nazar. "RESEARCH ON ISSUES OF DIGITALIZATION OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN UKRAINE." Social work and social education, no. 2(11) (October 31, 2023): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.2(11).2023.294343.
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The social sphere in Ukraine is being tested in the conditions of complex socio-political and socio-economic crises: decentralization reform, the coronavirus pandemic, military actions from 2014 to the present, emergency situations and natural disasters, etc. Social workers have proven their importance and expediency as specialists along with military personnel, doctors, teachers, and psychologists. The processes of digitalization of all spheres of life, including the social sphere, are a new challenge and at the same time a vital necessity.The research focuses on examining the issues that arise in relation to delivering social services electronically. Scientific opinions on this issue have been analyzed. The practical usefulness of the Diya application has been confirmed. The number of Diya users is growing rapidly every month, which indicates that the population is acquiring and improving digital skills.In the economy of Ukraine, there are significant changes in the forms of ownership, the political system is being transformed, but these changes do not sufficiently affect the social protection system, which has to solve many more problems than before, especially those related to poverty and unemployment.Social protection in today’s conditions is aimed not only at fighting poverty by organizing personal assistance to the poor, but also at preventing poverty by giving people the opportunity to create the foundations of social protection during their working lives.The main thing is the fact that through social information there is a transfer of experience from previous generations to the present, from society to an individual, from an individual to an individual.When creating a model for a national information system, a comprehensive approach is employed, considering the equilibrium of the interests of the state and society, business structures, social groups and ordinary citizens. Similar conceptual approaches and models have been developed and implemented in practice in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, France, Japan, Germany, Finland, etc.
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Johnson, Odis, and Michael Wagner. "Equalizers or Enablers of Inequality? A Counterfactual Analysis of Racial and Residential Test Score Gaps in Year-Round and Nine-Month Schools." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 674, no. 1 (October 25, 2017): 240–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217734810.
Full textAbstract:
Persistent racial/ethnic and residential disparities in test scores suggest schools fail to serve as society’s great equalizers. Yet few studies have explored whether policies that adjust children’s time in school are effective in reducing test-score inequality. We use ECLS-K data to compare children who attend year-round schools to those in nine-month schools, exploring (1) whether there were mean differences in the reading and math performance among first graders attending year-round and nine-month schools, (2) if racial and residential differences in children’s test scores existed between the schooling types, and (3) if neighborhood effects related to academic performance strengthened or weakened as the children’s exposure to schooling increased. Contrary to previous claims that schooling increases test-score inequality, we found no significant test-score differences among race-based groups of children according to neighborhood conditions in year-round schools. In contrast, we found prominent neighborhood effects and social class differences among children attending nine-month schools. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications.
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Denndörfer, Lisa, Viktoria Strauer, and Sonja Thebes. ""Does the bullet deliver where the ballot has failed?"." Contemporary Challenges: The Global Crime, Justice and Security Journal 3 (September 29, 2022): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ccj.v3.7073.
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Political assassinations in Pakistan have been a systematic challenge ever since the country’s independence from Great Britain in 1947. While state actors formed unlikely alliances with Western Powers in the aftermaths of the Afghan War and during the War on Terror, non-state actors, like Islamist jihadi groups, used the country for domestic and foreign terrorist attacks and to spread violence, thus demonstrating the conflict between the different players in Pakistan. When the country was transformed into a young democracy in 2007/2008, the number of assassinations did not decrease, but rather increased by ninefold.
This article analyses the case of political assassinations in Pakistan and attempts to explain the prevalence of political assassinations in the country. First, the overall pattern and seriousness of political murders is identified with help from a self-created dataset. Then said pattern is explained by arguing that the main explanatory factors at play in Pakistan are socioeconomic conditions, social conflict, elections, military and religion, sectarianism and blasphemy laws. Lastly, a brief discussion of long- and short-term measures is done.
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Hu, Desheng. "Poverty reduction and water governance: lessons from and problems in Northwestern China." Water Policy 11, no. 6 (October 1, 2009): 645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.240.
Full textAbstract:
Great achievements have been made in poverty reduction in Northwestern China, an area which contains a higher than average proportion of 55 different ethnic minority groups, with over half of the villagers being self-supporting, and where the main factors leading to poverty are adverse natural conditions, shortage of available water, weak infrastructure and backward social development. By analyzing the institutional framework relating to the water sector and the meeting of different water requirements (i.e., the human right to water, the environmental right to water, and economic development), as well as presenting case studies on two model villages and two kinds of important water infrastructures (i.e., the water split and silt dam), the role of good water governance in China's development-oriented poverty reduction process is identified, with particular focus on lessons that can be learned. In conclusion, lessons are drawn from the aspects of policy and management, balancing different and competitive water requirements as well as short-term and long-term benefits of the poor, and stakeholder participation.
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Bolekhan, Vasily N., Igor M. Ulyukin, and Ekaterina V. Shulyatyeva. "The psychosocial impact on society of the COVID-19 epidemic." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma63658.
Full textAbstract:
The issues of psychosocial and other impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiological specificity of the disease are considered in the interests of effective medical, psychological and social interventions to preserve the epidemiological well-being in society during the period of the COVID-19. It is shown that the spread of this disease had a sharply negative impact on the economy, in particular, of our country, since for a long time certain industries that served as sources of budget revenues were paralyzed, and the populations ability to pay sharply decreased, the volume of financial inflows into the service sector decreased, which is reflected in the field of public health. Therefore, within the framework of the anti-crisis COVID-19 measures, one can single out such areas as education, employment, support for vulnerable groups and information support, which are carried out in various countries based on the existing practices, methods and financial capabilities. In addition, the fact that the current outbreak of COVID-19 provokes stigmatization and discriminatory behavior of society towards representatives of certain ethnic groups, as well as towards people suspected of having contact with carriers of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, is of great epidemiological significance. The widespread prevalence of COVID-19 is believed to be not a pandemic, but a syndemia (not just comorbidity, but an integration that identifies biological and social interactions important for prognosis, treatment and health policy), characterized by biological and social interactions between conditions and conditions, interactions that increase a persons susceptibility to harm or worsen their health. Thus, in the case of COVID-19, the fight against non-communicable diseases (hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, cancer, snake bites, epilepsy, kidney disease and sickle cell anemia) and socioeconomic inequality will also become a prerequisite for its successful containment.
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ISAEVA, T. B., and V. M. PASHIN. "WELSH TOPONYMS AS REFLECTION OF LINGUISTIC AND ETHNOCULTURAL LEGACY OF THE CELTS WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF WALES." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2020-54-4-249.
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Statement of the problem. The Celtic languages are formed as one of the primary groups within the Indo-European language family. The 6th – 7th centuries saw the exodus of the Celts, as well as the Celtic language by the Germanic tribes and their languages from the territory of Britain pushed. Along with that we had our special interest riveted on linguistic artifacts which support the assumption about some Celtic tribes to staying within certain territories, particularly, within the territory of Wales, where during historical conquests, a considerable number of the Celtic tribes were pushed back to avoid the fate of being enslaved by the Anglo-Saxons. The object of linguistic analysis was the contemporary toponyms of Wales, including the linguistic and ethnic-cultural legacy of the Celts within the diachrony. The purpose of the article is to reveal and show the Celtic substrate in contemporary Welsh oikonymy within the territory of Wales as a proof of the preservation of the ancient lingo-social legacy of the Celts. The research methodology includes method of searching for particular toponymical units, which include the Celtic substrate, inductive method in finding a great number of oikonyms for creation of categorical classification according to the meaning of the name, comparative historical method, and the method of etymological analysis. Research results. The preservation of ancient ethnic-cultural legacy of the Celts and its distinctive interpretation are needed for understanding the movement of the English language expansion on a certain territory during the ancient period and immersion into the lingo-cultural, lingo-cognitive image of the world reflected in oikonyms. As a result of exploring the Celtic toponymic layer, it was found out that the north-western part of Wales was less influenced by the Anglo-Saxon invaders in diachrony and the local population of Celtic origin were able to preserve their unique ethnic-cultural identity. The conclusion. All names of places in Wales, especially the ones that are located in the north-western part remain unchanged from ancient times. Despite the attempts to push out the Celtic language and pressure on the part of the Anglo-Saxon invaders the expansion of the English language was halted by the courageous actions of the ancestors of the contemporary Welsh people. Today, this is reflected in the prevailing Celtic substrate among genuine Wales’ toponyms.
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Sitkulanan, Piyaporn, Kunnikar Chaisitsanguan, Prakaipetch Winaiprasert, and Amporn Krutwong. "A determination of the influence of birth control among minority women in thailand: a qualitative study." Journal of Public Health and Development 21, no. 2 (April 4, 2023): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2023/210204.
Full textAbstract:
Contraception information and services are the basis of the health and human rights of everyone. Young girls who become pregnant are at greater risk for problems arising from early child deliveries. Contraception in older women likewise results in increased risk. It was found from the particulars of contraception use that the male partner has a great deal of influence, and that the same is true of the perspectives and experiences of the people surrounding his partner, the expectations of her family and her desire for more children. In Thailand, there are ethnic groups of numerous tribes, among whom are the Karen, who make up the largest of any such group. The Karens have a low rate of contraception use and low incomes with reduced resources. Thus, family planning is an important key in reducing their population growth and the impact on their economy, environment and development. The purpose of this study was to explore the determining influence of contraception among minority women in Thailand in the form of descriptive qualitative research. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The research showed that the use of contraceptive services by Karen women was restricted by the culture, beliefs and social conditions characteristic of their ethnic origin. The husband and extended family influenced their contraceptive decisions. The prevailing belief was that contraception is the duty of women. Some women used herbs for contraception. They had difficulty communicating when receiving contraceptive services. Karen people have little income; so they cannot afford expenses related to contraceptive services requiring them to pay for travel costs. Furthermore, the road conditions make the trip awfully difficult, and their houses are situated far from the hospitals. In conclusion, determining the influence of birth control among minority women in Thailand must be based on their beliefs, society and ability to access health services.
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Perrotta, Davide. "Il Chaco Salteño. Specificità e fragilità del sistema territoriale indigeno." Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia 152 (November 1, 2022): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/aae-2366.
Full textAbstract:
The Chaco Salteño is a region in northwest Argentina of great ecological and anthropological interest. Starting from the second half of the nineteenth century, the area underwent a progressive process of land exploitation, with serious ecological and social consequences. Given the low population density, large-scale industrial systems such as intensive livestock farms, monocultures and oil wells met little resistance and proliferated rapidly causing massive deforestation. As a result the habitat of the different ethnic groups inhabiting the region was radically altered. The indigenous territorial system, based on a strong harmonious relationship between society and nature was disrupted. The damage was not only to the material conditions of life, but above all to the ability to hand down and preserve their cultural identity. It was only since the beginning of the 2000s, after decades of exploitation, that legislation attempted to halt the process of extractivism and guarantee land rights to the people who have inhabited these territories since pre-Columbian times. The goals tbe research reported here was to analyze the consequences of environmental alterations on the current indigenous territorial systems. The specificities of the territorial dynamics of the indigenous world within the question of development linked to local resources could lead to important reflections on contemporary settlement patterns, especially in times of adverse social and climatic changes.
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Borodina, Oksana. "Benchmarking of modernization of the economy of the world: experience for Ukraine." VUZF Review 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.21.2.07.
Full textAbstract:
The article contains significant analytical information regarding the study of the experience of economic modernization reforms in the countries of the world and the possibility of applying this experience in Ukraine. A characteristic is given to the technological structures of the world economy and the actual change of structures, the distinctive features of such a change are given on the example of energy prices. The research of the types of modernization - pioneer and catching-up is given, the interdependence between the economic and social cycles of the modernization of society is stated. The examples of modernization both in highly developed economic states (USA, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden) and in the countries of the former socialist camp (Slovakia, Poland, Bulgaria) are given. It is stated that the modern conditions of globalization and the expansion of market relations create special precedents in which a conflict of interests is potentially possible - between objective and subjective factors, namely: the corporate nature of the functional representation system and the individual nature of decision-making. It is emphasized that the modernization of the economy, even if at the initial stage is aimed at satisfying the interests of individual institutional groups, in the course of the implementation of the modernization measures will be reoriented to the corporate interest groups built into the system. Provides effective recommendations for Ukraine in terms of entrepreneurial opening, increasing industrial production in the volume of GDP, completing the decentralization reform.
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Knežević, Aleksandar. "Metodološka pitanja popisne etnostatistike u svetlu savremenih imigracionih trendova u Srbiji." Migracijske i etničke teme / Migration and Ethnic Themes 38, no. 2 (2022): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11567/met.38.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
The results of previous demographic research according to the ethnic characteristics of the population clearly point to the need for caution when using data from official ethnostatistics. Censuses and vital statistics form a quantitative basis for calculating ethno-demographic indicators whose interpretations can directly affect the creation of public policies aimed at the legal, political, economic and general social position, not only of members of minority ethnic groups, but also of the entire population. Although census ethnostatistics has been suspended in a large number of developed countries, there is a noticeable increase in interest in quantitative research on popu¬lation demographic characteristics relating to ethnicity. On the other hand, in countries that already have developed census ethnostatistics, there is reasonable doubt about the quality of the data, which leads to a review of the census methodology, starting with definitions and statistical categorisations, and ending with the methods of data collection and publication. So far, the results of population surveys according to ethnic characteristics provide enough space for various interpretations of the data because censuses often represent much more than a statistical record of social reality. This is especially noticeable in statistical categorisations based on ethnic characteristics, assigning censuses a significant role in constructing this reality that additionally reinforces the existing population divides. The collection of statistical data on the ethnic characteristics of the population of Serbia has a long tradition, primarily due to the historically inherited heterogeneous ethnic structure. In censuses during the first half of the 19th century, data on ethnic characteristics were collected only spo¬radically, but after Serbia had gained independence in 1878, ethnostatistics became one of the most important factors in political and overall social activity. Although a direct question about national (then ethnic) affiliation first appeared in the 1866 census, the opinion quickly prevailed that it was strongly influenced by the subjective understanding of ethnic identity, which was often equated with citizenship at that time. That is why language was given priority over ethno-national affiliation because, in addition to being of key importance for the creation of ethno-cultural and national identity, it also proved to be a statistically more objective indicator. From then until today, the ethnic structure of Serbia has changed significantly, but the motives for data collection have remained the same because the ethnostatistical census methodology at that time (as well as today) was based primarily on primor¬dial understandings of ethnicity. According to the current census methodology, it is possible to collect data on three ethno-cultural characteristics of the population: national affiliation (in the ethnic sense), mother tongue and religion. The obtained data can be considered a simple quantification of the subjective declaration of the population according to the ethno-identity concept. The citizenship characteristic in the Serbian census has the status of a legal rather than an ethnic category. The official ethnosta¬tistical nomenclatures used in the 2011 census included 45 modalities of nationality, regionally determined, as well as the group category “other nationalities”; and 36 modalities of the mother tongue, with the group category “other languages”. On the other hand, early statistical documentation points to the conclusion that, in Serbia, there was also an interest in data on the presence of foreigners who, like ethnic minorities, were viewed through the prism of “others”. During the 19th century, censuses periodically contained the question of “subservience”, which can be considered a forerunner of the modern interpretation of citizenship. During the Yu¬goslav phase of census statistics, the record of foreigners was an integral part of all eight censuses, and has remained so in all Serbian censuses from 2002 until today. According to the current census methodology, the Republic of Serbia intends to record permanently settled foreigners, foreigners granted temporary residence, asylum seekers and migrants without established status. The main aim of this research is to clarify the relationship between recording foreigners in Serbia and methodological solutions for collecting data on the ethnic characteristics of the population. Although the official ethnostatistical methodology in Serbia focuses primarily on obtaining data on “ethnic nationality”, the statistical nomenclature by nationality also includes mo¬dalities such as Belgians, French, Danes, Swedes, Italians, Swiss, Finns, Norwegians, and Chinese, whose national identification is mainly determined by the criterion of citizenship rather than ethnic identity. This means that the same group contains data on ethnicity based on two different theoretical understandings of ethnic identity. The statistical classification of the population by nationality gradually expanded after the Second World War. Since the 1981 census, there have been national modalities whose ethnicity is difficult to determine using the methodology applied, which casts doubt on the quality of the data and further complicates their usability. Obtained by the method of crossing data on citizenship, nationality and language affiliation, among other things, the research results show that a certain number of foreigners exercised the right not to declare their nationality. Therefore, the group of undeclared, undecided and unknown includes a relatively large number of citizens of Austria, China, Denmark, Switzerland, France and Great Britain. In these countries, data on ethnicity are not collected at all or are collected according to different definitions of nationality. Following immigration trends in the last inter-census period, it is realistic to expect that the next census will face a problem of ethnic identification of foreign citizens, especially immigrants from countries where ethnicity is understood differently. The presented research results show that the existing ethnostatistical census methodology hampers demographic research of foreigners in Serbia, but also reopens the dilemma of re-examining the quality and use of official ethnostatistical data, especially in the domain of public policies.
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Sokolovskyy, Oleksandr. "The influence of interethnic relations on cross-border cooperation." Grani 23, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172041.
Full textAbstract:
The research is based on the features of the influence of interethnic relations on the development of cross-border cooperation. It is noted that, provided effective ethno-national policies are implemented, multi-ethnic border regions have the advantage that national communities facilitate cross-border cooperation, and they often act as intermediaries in inter-regional relations. It has been proven that interethnic relations have a significant impact on the development of cross-border cooperation, in particular the importance of local authorities and national governments, which have a significant role to play in the issues of inter-ethnic relations in the region. It is argued that in the development of cross-border cooperation, greater emphasis should be placed on programs and projects aimed at improving the coexistence and development of national minorities in the border regions where they are most often living compactly, in particular representatives of national minorities; as a factor of European integration. For the successful development of cross-border cooperation, it is important to understand the needs and interests of the ethnic communities of a particular region, and to take into account historical, cultural factors. It is noted that the integration model is effective in the development of cross-border cooperation, since it enables different ethnic groups and national minorities to maintain their national identity, as well as to participate in regional and inter-state cooperation. Each interethnic community in Europe has its own peculiarities, and therefore the general list of recommendations included in the European Charter does not list the granting of large permits to municipal regions. However, these documents formed the basis for cross-border cooperation in European regions, and the provisions contained therein strengthened activities in this field. An important fact is that most inter-ethnic cooperation activities are within the structures of the European Union. The most common term is "territorial cooperation" or "cross-border cooperation", which are understood as different types of cooperation programs. These programs support the promotion and implementation of joint projects of an international nature throughout the European Union and its neighbors. A specific form of cross-border cooperation is Euroregional. Its characteristic feature is the institutionalization of cross-border cooperation structures. These structures may be: interethnic associations, councils, secretariats, committees, working groups, etc. Euroregional cooperation is carried out within the Euroregion. The Euroregion can be seen as a formal structure of cooperation, adopted on the basis of agreements between interethnic local and regional authorities in order to deepen economic and social cooperation. It is emphasized that the European experience of using the opportunities of cooperation with national minorities in multiethnic regions is of great importance for Ukraine, in particular, the work of the Council of Europe, the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR), the Association of European Border Regions, which receive considerable attention, is useful. national minorities in the development of cross-border cooperation. European experience demonstrates that, with proper organization of state policy and historical experience, the involvement of ethnic groups in cross-border cooperation can have a positive impact. Interethnic cooperation promotes political stability and reduces tensions in border areas, and has a positive impact on economic cooperation, development of education, science and culture. It is proved that cross-border cooperation must take into account the nature of ethno-political relations in the border regions, promote the provision of conditions for the development of ethno-cultural characteristics of national minorities and develop mechanisms of interethnic interaction, cooperation of local authorities and public organizations of national minorities.
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Kodaneva, S. I. "The Anatomy of Brexit: Separatism, Populism and the Social Transformation of British Society." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-1-5.
Full textAbstract:
On January 31, 2020, the UK left the European Union. Since the 2016 referendum, there has been a significant body of literature designed to answer the question of why the country’s residents made such a decision. This article contributes to scientific research on the subject under consideration. The novelty of the presented research is that, unlike most of the available works, it does not focus on the problems of migration and the deterioration of the socio-economic conditions of the country’s indigenous population. The article proves that these factors alone do not explain such broad support for Brexit by all segments of the population. The social transformation of the entire Western society, which led to the destruction of the usual social ties and traditional foundations of self-identification, is considered as one of the key reasons for the development of separatist sentiments in the UK. A person ceases to feel part of something whole and unchangeable, which causes a sense of fear, uncertainty and helplessness in many people, regardless of social affiliation. This forces us to look for a source of stability in the country’s past, when it was an independent and great Empire, which is embodied in the myth of “Global Britain”. The populist slogan “Take Back Control” is based on the historically insurmountable institutional differences between the UK and Europe, the main one being the UK’s attitude to the case law of the European court of justice, whose broad interpretations were included in the country’s administrative practice, which clearly contradicted the residents’ idea of democracy. Finally, author analyzes how these deep assumptions were embodied in the populist rhetoric of the “Leave” company, whose supporters used the post-truth methodology, offering a wide range of populist tools of both intellectual and emotional nature for almost all groups of the population, very accurately selecting information for various communication channels. The results of this study can be useful for analyzing nationalist and separatist sentiments in Western countries and predicting future developments.
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Stryamets, Nataliya, Giulia Mattalia, Andrea Pieroni, Ihor Khomyn, and Renata Sõukand. "Dining Tables Divided by a Border: The Effect of Socio-Political Scenarios on Local Ecological Knowledge of Romanians Living in Ukrainian and Romanian Bukovina." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010126.
Full textAbstract:
Local cuisine is an important reservoir of local ecological knowledge shaped by a variety of socio-cultural, economic, and ecological factors. The aim was to document and compare the current use of wild and semi-cultivated plant food taxa by Romanians living in Romania and Ukraine. These two groups share similar ecological conditions and historically belonged to the same province, but were divided in the 1940s by the creation of a state border. We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews with rural residents. The contemporary use of 46 taxa (plus 5 cultivated taxa with uncommon uses), belonging to 20 families, for food consumption were recorded. Romanians in Romanian Bukovina used 27 taxa belonging to 15 families, while in Ukraine they used 40 taxa belonging to 18 families. Jams, sarmale, homemade beer, and the homemade alcoholic drink “socată” are used more by Romanians in Southern Bukovina, while tea, soups, and birch sap are used more in Northern Bukovina. We discuss the strong influence of socio-political scenarios on the use of wild food plants. Cross-ethnic marriages, as well as markets and women’s networks, i.e., “neighbors do so”, may have had a great impact on changes in wild food use. In addition, rapid changes in lifestyle (open work market and social migration) are other explanations for the abandonment of wild edible plants.
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Németh, Nikolett. "Cultural differences in food consumption: The experiences of international students." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2019.1.56-63.
Full textAbstract:
There is a great variety of foods eaten. It is obvious that foods play a very important role in the daily lives of individual nations. Foods and meals, however, serve not only the living, but also fulfil other functions in the given society. For example, food expression may be part of a social class, reveal income conditions, and express identity.
The investigation was carried out on the topic by a qualitative method, in the form of an in-depth interview. The interviews were conducted by master students of the Szent István University in the framework of Multicultural Management subject, with non-Hungarian origin. A total of 65 in-depth interviews were conducted between 2017 and 2018. Interviewees were members of 22 nationalities. During the investigations, the main questions were: What type of food do you consume the most? What factors do you take into consideration when choosing foods? What differences do you find in the habits of the different ethnic groups, especially with regard to their eating habits?
Most of the interviewees are interested in compare their diet and cultural traditions to other nations’ and prefer local foods. The study proved that eating habits in Hungary have an impact on the eating habits of foreign students, and they change them in several elements. The study found that dietary choices are a complex decision that has a significant environmental and social impact but need to say, thanks to the strong cultural background the students can keep their sustainable eating values in abroad.
Keywords: culture, food choice, consumption
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Hepburn, Kenneth, Molly Perkins, Drenna Waldrop, Leila Aflatoony, Mi-Kyung Song, and Carolyn Clevenger. "Emory Roybal Center for Dementia Caregiving Mastery: Diverse Responses to Letter of Intent Call." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.816.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This new NIA-supported Roybal Center seeks to support Stage 1 pilot clinical trials of programs aimed at promoting caregiving competence and confidence in the great heterogeneity of dementia caregiving contexts. During our first cycle, we received 26 letters of intent (LOI) for full applications. Responses reaffirmed the Center’s premise that dementia caregiving is remarkably varied in nature. While most proposed programs focused on generic caregiving, a number addressed caregiving issues facing specific ethnic/racial groups (African American; Korean American; Native Alaskan/American Indian; Latino), and several focused on specific dementing conditions (MCI, Lewy Body Dementia,TBI-based dementia). Most described programs centered on knowledge development and daily management skill issues (e.g., management of behaviors); others specified development of physical care skills. Decision-making and communication constituted the second most common topic. Over 40% proposed adaptation of existing programs; more than 25% proposed apps or technology interventions. Investigators represented a wide range of disciplines: 45% each from Health sciences (nursing, medicine, and social work) and Social/Behavioral sciences (principally psychology) and the rest from engineering and communications. LOIs varied most in their readiness to complete a clinical trial within a year. About 40% were in very preliminary stages; 25% were clearly poised for a Stage 1 trial; 15% did not sufficiently address the Center’s aims. Key criteria for invitations to submit full applications (n=4) included: specificity of context; clinical trial readiness; reasonableness of proposed adaptation. These criteria should guide future LOIs addressing the diversity of important new research and intervention perspectives on the multifaceted work of caregiving.
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Stryamets, Nataliya, Giulia Mattalia, Andrea Pieroni, Ihor Khomyn, and Renata Sõukand. "Dining Tables Divided by a Border: The Effect of Socio-Political Scenarios on Local Ecological Knowledge of Romanians Living in Ukrainian and Romanian Bukovina." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010126.
Full textAbstract:
Local cuisine is an important reservoir of local ecological knowledge shaped by a variety of socio-cultural, economic, and ecological factors. The aim was to document and compare the current use of wild and semi-cultivated plant food taxa by Romanians living in Romania and Ukraine. These two groups share similar ecological conditions and historically belonged to the same province, but were divided in the 1940s by the creation of a state border. We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews with rural residents. The contemporary use of 46 taxa (plus 5 cultivated taxa with uncommon uses), belonging to 20 families, for food consumption were recorded. Romanians in Romanian Bukovina used 27 taxa belonging to 15 families, while in Ukraine they used 40 taxa belonging to 18 families. Jams, sarmale, homemade beer, and the homemade alcoholic drink “socată” are used more by Romanians in Southern Bukovina, while tea, soups, and birch sap are used more in Northern Bukovina. We discuss the strong influence of socio-political scenarios on the use of wild food plants. Cross-ethnic marriages, as well as markets and women’s networks, i.e., “neighbors do so”, may have had a great impact on changes in wild food use. In addition, rapid changes in lifestyle (open work market and social migration) are other explanations for the abandonment of wild edible plants.
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Korzhenevsky, A. A., and N. P. Korzhenevskaya. "HLA system features in patients on waiting list for kidney transplantation in the Republic of Bashkortostan." Medical Immunology (Russia) 24, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-hsf-2367.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of our study was to specify the features of the HLA system in patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation in the Republic of Bashkortostan. HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR phenotypes were assayed by polymerase chain reaction using PROTRANS and OLERUP SSP kits. The frequency of antigen occurence was determined as the percentage of individuals with the given antigen to the total number of examined individuals. To determine the patterns of distinct antigens within various HLA combinations, we determined maximal percentage of the antigen frequency in combination with other HLA. The largest number of patients on the waiting list suffered from chronic glomerulonephritis, followed by diabetes mellitus, chronic interstitial nephritis, chronic pyelonephritis and polycystic kidney disease. The occurrence frequency of various HLA and their combinations was established both among all the patients suffering from stage 5 chronic kidney disease, and among patients with regard to each nosological category, and the patterns of various HLA combinations were established. The data obtained have been compared with the study results of patients from the waiting lists for organ transplantation in other regions. HLA-A02 (similar to Brazil, Great Britain), HLA-DR07, HLA-DR04 (like as in Nepal, European population of Kazakhstan, Southern China), HLA-A24 (as in Nepal, Southern China), and combinations of HLA-A02-A03, HLA-A02-DR04, HLA-A02-DR01, HLA-A02-B07, HLA-A03-DR01, HLA-B35-DR01 were most common in the patients with chronic kidney disease which can be considered as risk factor for severe nephropathy. HLA-B15, HLA-B40, HLA-vA30, HLA-A32, HLA-B56, HLA-B60, HLA-DR10 were found at minimal frequency; as well as the following combinations: HLA-A01-A24-B08-DR17, HLA-A01-A68-DR07, HLAA24-B07-B13, HLA-A01-B08-B13, HLA-A02-B35-B38-DR01, HLA-A02-B50-B61-DR07, HLA-A01-B55-DR04, HLA-A02-B55-DR03, HLA-A24-B55-DR13, HLA-A01-A02-B08-DR03, HLA-A02-DR01-DR13. The following antigens were absent among our patients: HLA-A28 (similar to Kuwait); HLA-A11, HLA-A23, HLA-A28, HLA-A33, HLA-B46, HLA-B62;-DR03, HLA-DR14 (as in Kazakhstan); HLAA19, HLA-A43, HLA-B16, HLA-B21, HLA-B22, HLA-B83 and HLA-DR05 (as in Great Britain); HLAB14 (as in Brazil). The results obtained were either similar, or different from the literature data, both in terms of the most common HLA and their combinations with regard of special nephropathy types. The revealed differences can be explained by presence of population-specifical HLA features in the patients from different ethnic groups and living in different geographical areas. The found stable associative links between the disorders and HLA may contribute to better understanding of pathogenesis of the disorders, their early preclinical detection, evaluating risk for development of pathological conditions, thus allowing timely justification of preventive measures.