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1
MacIntyre, Chandini Raina, Dillon Charles Adam, Robin Turner, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, and Thomas Engells. "Public awareness, acceptability and risk perception about infectious diseases dual-use research of concern: a cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e029134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029134.
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ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to measure the awareness, acceptability and perceptions of current issues in biosecurity posed by infectious diseases dual-use research of concern (DURC) in the community. DURC is conducted today in many locations around the world for the benefit of humanity but may also cause harm through either a laboratory accident or deliberate misuse. Most DURC is approved by animal ethics committees, which do not typically consider harm to humans. Given the unique characteristics of contagion and the potential for epidemics and pandemics, the community is an important stakeholder in DURC.DesignSelf-administered web-based cross-sectional survey.ParticipantsParticipants over the age of 18 in Australia and 21 in the USA were included in the survey. A total of 604 participants completed the study. The results of 52 participants were excluded due to potential biases about DURC stemming from their employment as medical researchers, infectious diseases researchers or law enforcement professionals, leaving 552 participants. Of those, 274 respondents resided in Australia and 278 in the USA.OutcomesBaseline awareness, acceptability and perceptions of current issues surrounding DURC. Changes in perception from baseline were measured after provision of information about DURC.ResultsPresurvey, 77% of respondents were unaware of DURC and 64% found it unacceptable or were unsure. Two-thirds of respondents did not change their views. The baseline perception of high risk for laboratory accidents (29%) and deliberate bioterrorism (34%) was low but increased with increasing provision of information (42% and 44% respectively, p<0.001), with men more accepting of DURC (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.57, p=0.002). Postsurvey, higher education predicted lower risk perception of laboratory accidents (OR=0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.93, p=0.02) and bioterrorism (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.80, p=0.004).ConclusionThe community is an important stakeholder in infectious diseases DURC but has a low awareness of this kind of research. Only a minority support DURC, and this proportion decreased with increasing provision of knowledge. There were differences of opinion between age groups, gender and education levels. The community should be informed and engaged in decisions about DURC.
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CITRIN, JACK, DAVID O. SEARS, CHRISTOPHER MUSTE, and CARA WONG. "Multiculturalism in American Public Opinion." British Journal of Political Science 31, no. 2 (March 20, 2001): 247–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123401000102.
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Multiculturalism has emerged to challenge liberalism as an ideological solution in coping with ethnic diversity in the United States. This article develops a definition of political multiculturalism which refers to conceptions of identity, community and public policy. It then analyses the 1994 General Social Survey and a 1994 survey of Los Angeles County to assess the contours of mass support and opposition to multiculturalism, testing hypotheses concerning the role of social background, liberalism–conservatism and racial hostility. The main conclusions are that ‘hard’ versions of multiculturalism are rejected in all ethnic groups, that a liberal political self-identification boosts support for multiculturalism, and that racial hostility is a consistent source of antagonism to the new ethnic agenda of multiculturalism. There is strong similarity in the results in both the national and Los Angeles samples.
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Qu, Jinshuai, and hunqin Chen. "From “3T Mode” to “Cooperation Mode”-The Evolution of Network Public Opinion Governance Mode Involving Ethnic Factors in the New Media Era." Asia Social Science Academy 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51600/jass.2022.8.3.11.
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China's public opinion involving ethnic factors has the characteristics of complicated causes and difficult disposal, which are mainly caused by the rapid movement of ethnic groups, the intensification of social transformation and the influence of hostile forces. At present, there are some problems in our country's public opinion governance mechanism involving ethnic factors, such as nonstandard handling, low efficiency, insufficient handling power and weak basic work. We should improve our public opinion governance mechanism involving ethnic factors from three aspects: changing our understanding, changing our methods, changing our methods, covering up our secrets, making public introductions, and changing our effect, putting out the fire and emergency, and improving our rectification.
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Clements, Ben. "Religion and Ethnic Minority Attitudes in Britain toward the War in Afghanistan." Politics and Religion 6, no. 1 (February 11, 2013): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175504831200065x.
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AbstractPublic opinion research has demonstrated that minority religious and ethnic groups hold distinctive preferences on foreign policy issues, including military interventions in the Cold War and post-Cold War eras. There has been little scholarly research in Britain into the attitudes of minority groups on foreign policy issues. This article uses a nationally-representative survey of the ethnic minority population in Britain to examine the sources of public opinion towards the war in Afghanistan. Using multivariate analysis, it finds strong effects for religious affiliation, religiosity and political alienation. There is also evidence of a “gender gap” and age-related differences. The paper contributes to the literature on the impact of religion on public opinion and foreign policy and to analysis of the political attitudes of minority groups in Britain.
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Markhinin, Vasily Vasilyevich, and Nadezhda Vladimirovna Ushakova. "Conflict Sentiments and Factors of Interethnic and Interconfessional Understanding in Public Opinion of Nizhnevartovsk Residents." Общество политика экономика право, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/pep.2020.10.3.
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The present study deals with the issues of inter-ethnic and interconfessional understanding in the Khanty-Mansijsk Autonomous District – Yugra. The authors pay special attention to interconnection between conflict sentiments and social and political issues (employment relations, cooperation of citi-zens and public organizations with authorities, so-cial feeling of citizens). There was conducted an analysis of specific nature of how respondents, who identify themselves with different ethnic groups, perceive such elements of ethnocultural traditions as religious practices and speaking their native lan-guage. The study examines peculiar attitudes to religious traditions both in the host and migrant societies, the patterns of expansion of protest sen-timents among respondents belonging to different ethnic groups, as well as correlation between such sentiments and problems of interethnic and inter-confessional relations. There are identified socioec-onomic and cultural factors of developing a conflict-free style of interethnic and interconfessional rela-tions.
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Makkai, Toni, and Ian McAllister. "Public Opinion and the Legal Status of Marijuana in Australia." Journal of Drug Issues 23, no. 3 (July 1993): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269302300304.
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Since the late 1950s, when the medical use of heroin was banned in Australia, government policy toward marijuana has been based on prohibition. Despite an upsurge in the use of marijuana in the 1960s, government policy has remained virtually unchanged, except for the introduction of the expiation notice in South Australia in 1986. The authors use a wide range of opinion poll data to show that attitudes toward marijuana have remained stable over the past two decades, although the most recent data suggest that public support for reform of the legal status of marijuana may be increasing. There are notable differences in opinion between sociodemographic groups, with men, the young, and those who have been exposed to marijuana being more likely to support reform. The authors argue that as more people who have been exposed to marijuana enter the electorate and as New Politics issues become more prominent, the legal status of marijuana could become a political party issue. Data collected during the 1990 federal election among election candidates suggest that the potential for political party conflict already exists.
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Macikūnaitė, Austėja, and Jūratė Kamicaitytė. "Multicultural needs and the perception of central public spaces in major Lithuanian cities." Spatium, no. 00 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat210827003m.
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The paper presents an analysis of the needs and perception of different ethnic groups with regard to public spaces in the central areas of major Lithuanian cities, and an evaluation of the possibilities for implementing solutions to them, in order to highlight the needs within the spatial structures. Three research methods were chosen to determine the importance of the needs of different cultures when creating public spaces. The first is a sociological survey of the opinion of different ethnic groups based on three main models of environmental psychology: the natural, physical and the social and behavioural environments. The second is a stimulatory-comparative sociological survey of the opinion of different ethnic groups, and the third is the expert assessment of the level of attractiveness of existing public spaces in major Lithuanian cities based on Nikos Salingaros? parameters according to a classification of visual information into morphological/structural and harmony-related evaluation parameters, which were evaluated by respondents and by observations in situ. The main findings of the research showed the importance of the needs of different cultures in public space, and the principle of harmony between human beings and the environment was highlighted in the main morphological and harmony-related features of public spaces, such as spaciousness, small architectural elements, dominant objects/buildings and the abundance of trees/greenery.
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Gallegos, Danielle, Hong Do, Quyen Gia To, Brenda Vo, Janny Goris, and Hana Alraman. "Eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 11 (March 25, 2020): 1991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001900418x.
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AbstractObjective:To examine differences in eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia, and differences in those behaviours due to the duration of residency in Australia.Design:Cross-sectional study using baseline data collected for the Living Well Multicultural–Lifestyle Modification Program between October 2014 and June 2017.Setting:Culturally and linguistically diverse communities (CALD), including Afghani, Somali, Burmese, Pacific and South Sea Islander, Sri Lankan, Sudanese and Vietnamese, living in Queensland, Australia.Participants:People were recruited if they were ≥18 years old and living in the targeted CALD communities.Results:Burmese/Vietnamese, on average, had better eating scores in line with Australian dietary guidelines, compared with Afghani/Arabic-speaking (difference = 2·05 points, 95 % CI 1·39, 2·72), Somali/Sudanese (difference = 1·53 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·28) and Pacific Islander (difference = 1·46 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·13). Association between ethnicity and meeting the physical activity guideline was not significant. Those who stayed in Australia longer than a year were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline than those staying <1 year (OR = 0·51, 95 % CI 0·31, 0·84). There was no significant association between duration of residency in Australia and eating scores.Conclusions:Eating behaviours were significantly different among the ethnic groups in Queensland with Burmese/Vietnamese and Sri Lankan/Bhutanese having the healthiest diets. All ethnic groups were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with the general Australian population. People with duration of residency of at least 1 year in Australia were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with those who had shorter stays.
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Schwartz, Ira M., Shenyang Guo, and John J. Kerbs. "The Impact of Demographic Variables on Public Opinion Regarding Juvenile Justice: Implications for Public Policy." Crime & Delinquency 39, no. 1 (January 1993): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039001002.
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This article examines data from a 1991 national public opinion survey on attitudes toward juvenile crime/justice. Specifically, it explores the relationship between demographic variables and opinions toward trying juveniles in adult courts, giving them adult sentences, and sentencing them to adult prisons. The findings indicate that a majority of typical respondents favor trying juveniles in adult courts for serious felonies. Additionally, punitive attitudes toward juveniles decrease up to a certain age, usually around 50, and then increase. Findings also show that African-American parents are more supportive of punitive juvenile justice policies than other racial/ethnic groups with and without children.
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Mahmood, Arfan, and Muhammad Usman Askari. "REVISITING THE DETERMINANTS AND CHALLENGES OF CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) THROUGH THE LENS OF PUBLIC OPINION." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 04 (December 31, 2022): 828–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.897.
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The world has witnessed the establishment of regional and global strategic environment and the 21st century is no exception. It helps encouraging geo-economical and geostrategic partnership among countries. The Belt and Road initiative (BRI) of which China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project is a major developmental project. The CPEC, undeniably, presents ample opportunities and to both China and Pakistan, it is not a smooth sailing ship as it is jolted by high winds and thrashing waves from all sides. It has invited discontent from inside and criticism from the outside from the very beginning. These voices of discontent especially from the ethnic groups living in close proximity of CPEC projects occasionally have resulted into creating an impression that this project would be doomed. This paper is an attempt to revisit the determinants and challenges that Islamabad is facing both from inside and the outside to implement this mega project. More specifically, it analyses the internal discontent that is reflected through protests by various ethnic groups that feel deprived of the promised economic fruits of this project. It further seeks to evaluate the challenges that exist in the form of public support and public concerns about the promised benefits of CPEC projects. This study is qualitative in nature that utilizes both primary and secondary sources of data collection. Significantly high level of awareness is found among masses about CPEC but public support and concerns are posing serious challenges for the government. Analyzing both the internal and external challenges, a strong resolve have been demonstrated by both Pakistan and China to counter these threats pragmatically. The internal discontent of the various ethnic groups poses a serious challenge, so it is imperative to address the grievances of these aggrieved groups on practical grounds. Keywords: Strategic partnership; Determinants; Challenges; China-Pakistan Economic Corridor; Belt and Road Initiative; Discontent; Criticism; Ethnic groups etc.
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Jupp, James. "From ‘White Australia’ to ‘Part of Asia’: Recent Shifts in Australian Immigration Policy towards the Region." International Migration Review 29, no. 1 (March 1995): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900109.
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This article examines the impact on Australia of population movements in the Asia-Pacific region since 1945, with special reference to the period since 1975 that marked the termination of the restrictive ‘White Australia Policy.’ That policy, which had its origins in racist theories popular at the end of the nineteenth century, isolated Australia from its immediate region and kept it tied to its European and, more specifically, British origins. The impact of population, trade and capital movements in the region has been such as to make Australia ‘part of Asia.’ Nevertheless, public opinion has yet to accept these changes fully, especially when they involve changing the ethnic character of the resident population. It is concluded that the generation which has grown up since 1945 and which is now starting to dominate politics and intellectual life will find it easier to reorient Australia than did the previous generation, despite continuing ambivalence in public attitudes. The presence in Australia of large numbers of permanent residents and citizens of Asian origin is a necessary factor in expediting change.
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Stojanović, Dubravka. "Private Yugoslavism and Serbian Public Opinion, 1890–1914." East Central Europe 42, no. 1 (August 8, 2015): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04201002.
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This article addresses manifestations of Yugoslavism in the pre-1914 period that have been neglected by recent scholarship. Its focus on everyday life reveals that since the mid-1890s there were constant contacts between the major ethnic groups that would constitute Yugoslavia after 1918. These contacts were not initiated by the political elite or by official activities. They were instead the reactions of ordinary residents of Belgrade who “discovered” peoples speaking the same language and having similar problems, “as we do.” There were many visits from Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia to Belgrade in the period 1890–1914 organized by different associations or individuals. Some of them organized public gatherings in the center of Belgrade that allowed residents to show “their love” to “our compatriots” from the South Slav lands of Austria-Hungary. Some of these events turned into real public demonstrations even before 1903, under the Obrenović dynasty and government, which was not Yugoslav oriented. And under the succeeding Karađorđević dynasty, even its leading Radical politicians favored the Yugoslav idea for a future state, although withholding public support until after the Serbian victory in the First Balkan War in 1912.
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LeBas, Adrienne. "Who Trusts? Ethnicity, Integration, and Attitudes Toward Elected Officials in Urban Nigeria." Comparative Political Studies 53, no. 10-11 (March 19, 2020): 1738–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414020912269.
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In the developing world, politicians often use public office to redistribute resources to their core constituencies. This form of clientelistic exchange motivates ethnic voting in Africa and may also shape broader attitudes toward the state. But does clientelism retain its power as cross-ethnic contact increases, or might new forms of political linkage emerge? This article uses public opinion data from urban Nigeria to investigate how social position affects trust in elected local officials. The article finds that local ethnic minorities are less trusting of local officials, but this trust deficit does not diminish as cross-ethnic contact rises. For members of locally dominant ethnic groups, however, greater cross-ethnic contact and lessened ethnic attachment dampen expressed trust in local elected officials. The article argues that ethnic clientelism is resilient in urban contexts but that scholarship must take a more nuanced approach to assessing membership in clientelistic coalitions.
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Jakubowicz, Andrew Henry. ""Once upon a Time in … ethnocratic Australia: migration, refugees, diversity and contested discourses of inclusion "." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 8, no. 3 (December 13, 2016): 144–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v8i3.5239.
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To what extent can Australia be analysed as an ‘ethnocracy’, a term usually reserved for ostensibly democratic societies in which an ethnic group or groups control the life opportunities of a more widely ethnically diverse population? Australia adopted its first refugee policy in 1977 having been forced to address the humanitarian claims of Asian and Middle Eastern refugees. Only a few years after abandoning the White Australia policy of three generations, the public discourse about refugees was framed by the ethnic origins of these groups (primarily Vietnamese and Lebanese). Over the decades a utopian light has come to be cast on the Indo Chinese as a success story in settlement, while the Middle Eastern peoples have been shaded as a settlement failure. Yet the counter narratives developed in the SBS television documentary series “Once Upon a Time...” demonstrate how ethnocratic framing can be challenged and more nuanced and analytical discourses introduced into the public sphere.
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Rich, Timothy S., Kaitlyn Bison, and Aleksandra Kozovic. "Who is welcome? South Korean public opinion on North Koreans and other refugees." Japanese Journal of Political Science 22, no. 3 (June 17, 2021): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109921000116.
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AbstractWhat explains South Korean public opposition for refugees and does the public differentiate among groups? Although a sizable literature addresses perceptions of North Korean arrivals, few studies directly compare sentiment for this group to others. Using an original web survey with an embedded experimental design, we find clear greater support for accepting North Korean arrivals compared to both non-ethnic Korean refugees and Muslim refugees. Additional analysis finds clear majorities view Islam as incompatible with Korean values. Our results suggest the challenge of encouraging multiculturalism in the largely homogeneous country.
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Bowyer, Benjamin T. "The Contextual Determinants of Whites’ Racial Attitudes in England." British Journal of Political Science 39, no. 3 (July 2009): 559–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123409000611.
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How do majority group members in emerging multicultural and multiracial societies respond to the experience of living amidst ethnic diversity? Recent public opinion surveys are analysed to assess the contextual determinants of English whites’ opinions towards ethnic minorities and immigrants. Multilevel analyses reveal that whites’ racial hostility is affected by local ethnic context; however, the direction of this effect depends on which ethnic minority groups reside in the area. Consistent with the contact hypothesis, whites who live in neighbourhoods with relatively large black populations display lower levels of racial hostility than respondents with few black neighbours. However, in line with racial threat theory, residential proximity to Pakistanis and Bangladeshis is associated with more negative attitudes towards ethnic minorities.
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Lasala Blanco, Maria Narayani, Robert Y. Shapiro, and Joy Wilke. "The Nature of Partisan Conflict in Public Opinion: Asymmetric or Symmetric?" American Politics Research 49, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x20961022.
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What are the dynamics of partisan conflict in the mass public in the United States? Has this conflict been driven by Republicans moving to the right across a wide range of issues, or have Democrats contributed to this as well? Have these changes been symmetric, occurring for both sides, or asymmetric, occurring for just one side? Understanding how the partisan gaps have widened may shed light on potential prospects for reversing extreme political conflict in public opinion. This paper examines this question with an analysis of opinion trend data over the last 40 years. It includes an original analysis of these trends among racial and ethnic groups. We find that symmetric partisan changes have only occurred among whites. Overall partisan differences have been less for Blacks and Hispanics than for whites.
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Jakubowicz, Andrew, and Mara Moustafine. "Living on the Outside: cultural diversity and the transformation of public space in Melbourne." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 3 (September 21, 2010): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v2i3.1603.
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Melbourne has been described as Australia’s most liveable and most multicultural city. What relation do these descriptions have to each other? How has the public culture of Victoria been influenced by the cultural diversity of the state? The political class in Victoria has tended to be more in favour of multiculturalism as a policy, more resistant to populist racism and more positive about immigration than elsewhere in Australia. How has this orientation been affected by the institutional embedding of ethnic power during the past four decades? The organization of ethnic groups into political lobbies, which have collaborated across ethnic borders, has brought about cultural transformations in the “mainstream”. Often the public experiences these transformations through changing uses of public spaces. This paper offers an historical sociology of this process, and argues for a view of public space as a physical representation of the relative power of social forces. It is based on research for the Making Multicultural Australia (Victoria) project. (http://multiculturalaustralia.edu.au). An online version of the paper inviting user-generated comments can be found at http://mmav1.wordpress.com.
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Mobasher, Mohammad Bashir, and Mohammad Qadam Shah. "Deproblematizing the Federal–Unitary Dichotomy: Insights from a Public Opinion Survey about Approaches to Designing a Political System in Afghanistan." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 52, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 225–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjab043.
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Abstract This study draws on results of an opinion survey about public views in Afghanistan regarding concepts related to federalism. We argue that concepts such as unitarism, federalism, centralization, and decentralization are highly politicized and often misunderstood when they enter the public discourse. As the survey results indicate, the association of ethnic groups with different systems of governance, although popular in Afghanistan, is misleading. A concurrent majority of ethnic groups takes a more nuanced approach of favoring central authorities on some issues, local authorities on others, and shared or divided authorities on the rest. The findings are helpful in contributing to a better understanding of how Afghans view federalism, and also by providing guidance to constitution-makers in designing institutional arrangements and distributions of power that address society’s needs.
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Wechkunanukul, Kannikar Hannah, Shahid Ullah, and Justin Beilby. "Variation in Seeking Care for Cardiovascular Disease and Ambulance Utilization among Migrants in Australia: Time, Ethnicity, and Delay (TED) Study III." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031516.
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Insight into differences in seeking medical care for chest pain among migrant populations is limited. This study aimed to determine ethnic differences in seeking care behaviors and using ambulances among migrants compared to an Australian-born group. A total of 607 patients presenting with chest pain to a tertiary hospital between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2014 were randomly selected. Data from the emergency department dataset and medical record reviews were collected and linked for analysis. The migrant group was stratified into nine ethnic groups for analysis based on the Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups. The overall median prehospital delay time was 3.7 (1.5, 10.7) h, which ranged from 2.5 (1.0, 10.7) (Southern and Eastern European group) to 6.0 (2.3, 20.6) (Sub-Saharan African group). The median decision time was 2.0 (0.8, 7.9) h, which ranged from 1.5 (Australian-born group) to 4.5 h (Sub-Saharan African group). Five ethnic groups had significantly longer decision times compared to the Australian-born group. Decision time accounted for 58.4% of pre-hospital delay time. Migrant patients were 60% less likely to seek care for chest pain within one hour (odds ratio 0.40, (0.23–0.68), p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in ambulance utilization between migrant and Australian-born groups. In conclusion, ethnic differences in seeking care for chest pain do exist, and ethnicity plays a vital role in a longer delay in seeking care. To reduce the delays and improve patient outcomes, appropriate health campaigns focusing on ethnic differences among migrant populations and normalizing cultural competency into practice are recommended.
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Harsa, Annisa Nadia Putri, and Lily El Ferawati Rofil. "Papua and the public: News framing of the 2019 Asrama Papua conflict." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 27, no. 1and2 (September 30, 2021): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1173.
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The 2019 Asrama Papua conflict in Surabaya initiated many discourses on racial discrimination and police brutality towards Papuan students in Indonesia. The question arises as to how the public perceive news framing and its effects on public opinion. This question will be answered by examining reports in the newspapers Kompas (published in Jakarta) and Jubi (Jayapura, Papua) which display quite different thematic and rhetorical structures. As secondary research, this article aims to assess the public opinion on the framing of the incident based on Berger and Luckmann’s Social Construction of Reality. Through qualitative focus group discussion, this study examines people’s perceptions of news media framing and its effect on the shaping of public opinion towards an ethnic minority group. The results show that media framing reinforces a certain idea of public opinion towards minority groups through various factors such as Perspective of Reporting and Depth of Reporting, both of which differ in Kompas and Jubi as a result of differences in their audiences. Differences were also found in such factors as the thematic structure between lens of sympathy and lens of antagonism. Ultimately, this research suggests that the public possess an awareness of news framing, thus giving them the capability to construct their own critical viewpoints towards media and the incident.
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Robinson, Amanda Lea. "Ethnic Diversity, Segregation and Ethnocentric Trust in Africa." British Journal of Political Science 50, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123417000540.
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AbstractEthnic diversity is generally associated with less social capital and lower levels of trust. However, most empirical evidence for this relationship is focused on generalized trust, rather than more theoretically appropriate measures of group-based trust. This article evaluates the relationship between ethnic diversity – at the national, regional and local levels – and the degree to which coethnics are trusted more than non-coethnics, a value referred to here as the ‘coethnic trust premium’. Using public opinion data from sixteen African countries, this study finds that citizens of ethnically diverse states express, on average, more ethnocentric trust. However, within countries, regional ethnic diversity is associated with less ethnocentric trust. This same negative pattern between diversity and ethnocentric trust appears across districts and enumeration areas within Malawi. The article then shows, consistent with these patterns, that diversity is only detrimental to intergroup trust at the national level when ethnic groups are spatially segregated. These results highlight the importance of the spatial distribution of ethnic groups on intergroup relations, and question the utility of micro-level studies of interethnic interactions for understanding macro-level group dynamics.
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Wu, Bohsiu, and Aya Kimura Ida. "Ethnic Diversity, Religion, and Opinions toward Legalizing Abortion: The Case of Asian Americans." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2018): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/92.
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Over the past four decades, abortion has remained the most controversial domestic issue in the US. Public opinion toward legalizing abortion has been sharply divided yet stable according to several major surveys. This study examines how religion and other important factors affect Asian Americans’ views toward abortion. Data are from the National Asian American Survey 2008 and multivariate analyses are used to examine whether religion exerts a mediation effect and explore attitudinal differences among six major Asian American groups. Results show that Asian Americans resemble the broader society in their opinions toward the abortion issue in that a documented sharp division exists among Asian American respondents. Groups ranked by the level of support for legal abortion are: Japanese, Chinese, Asian Indians, Korean, Filipino/a, and Vietnamese Americans. OLS regression analyses show that religiosity mediates the impact of religious affiliation on opinions toward abortion for Asian Americans who are non-Catholic Christians. Among Asian American who are Catholics, only a partial mediation effect is observed in the analysis. Analysis conducted for each Asian American group shows that different factors exert varying degree of influence in the opinion toward legalized abortion. Thus, an interaction effect of religion and ethnicity is found. Implications concerning ethnic diversity, religion, and opinions toward abortion are discussed in the paper.
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Hurd, Madeleine. "Class, Masculinity, Manners, and Mores." Social Science History 24, no. 1 (2000): 75–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200010087.
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The politics of public space are often conceptualized in terms of social geography. Scholars have shown how the crowd’s invasion of municipal spaces, the transgression of local ethnic boundaries, or the rituals of particular street festivals have structured political protest. Public space can also be discussed in more general terms. Space has always served as a means of pressuring state or local authority, an arena in which subaltern groups—women, workers, sansculottes— expressed and enforced their moral economies. By the nineteenth century, these immemorial uses of public space had undergone significant change. In many cases, riots and charivari were complemented by soldierly public marches, quiet meetings, and well-disciplined strikes.This respectable use of public space was linked to subaltern groups’ increasing exploitation of a new form of political authority: that of public opinion and public debate, the realm of the “bourgeois public sphere.”
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Wilcox-Archuleta, Bryan. "Local Origins: Context, Group Identity, and Politics of Place." Political Research Quarterly 71, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 960–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912918772933.
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In-group identity is particularly important in understanding political behavior among minority populations living in the United States. Despite its importance, we know relativity little about what explains variation in perceptions of group identity among U.S.-based minority groups. I develop a theoretical framework drawing extensively for social identity theory to explain development of in-group identities among Latinos in the United States. I suggest the availability of neighborhood-level ethnic stimuli increases the likelihood that Latinos will come to see themselves a part of pan-ethnic group rather than a unique individual. I use the 2008 Collaborative Multi-Racial Political Survey (CMPS), a nationally representative public opinion poll of registered voters with oversamples of Latino respondents. I find that the availability of ethnic stimuli positively associates with stronger perceptions of group identity among Latinos. Latinos who live in contexts rich with ethnic stimuli and cues are more likely to adopt in-group identities than those who live in environments lacking ethnically salient resources.
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Le, Cuong Khac, and Cong Tran Phan. "Some remarks about the phonetic structure of TaMun language at Tay Ninh province." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i3.1643.
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Currently, the name ethnic of Ta Mun are concerned by the scientists after the public opinion shows that it is should not classifying Ta Mun people as Stieng or Chrau people as before, because the Ta Mun language and culture are different from the Stieng and Chrau ones. The Ta Mun people are fully aware of and always assert their own ethnic as Ta Mun. They repeatedly suggest adding this name to the list of ethnic minorities in Vietnam. This article is the result of the linguistic fieldwork, was held in late May 3, 2013, in some rural districts of Tay Ninh province. This is one of the two groups of Ta Mun in Vietnam (the other is in Binh Phuoc province). This preliminary study aims to provide the further phonetic corpora of Ta Mun, as well as comparison of Ta Mun and South Bahnaric languages in the field of phonetics.
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Tomasi, Ana-Marija, Shameran Slewa-Younan, Renu Narchal, and Pilar Rioseco. "Professional Mental Health Help-Seeking Amongst Afghan and Iraqi Refugees in Australia: Understanding Predictors Five Years Post Resettlement." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031896.
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The current longitudinal study sought to identify predictors of professional help seeking for mental health problems amongst Afghan and Iraqi refugees five years post-settlement utilising the Building a New Life in Australia dataset (BNLA). Data were collected via face-to-face or phone interviews across five waves from October 2013 to March 2018. Afghan and Iraqi born refugees numbering 1180 and over 18 years of age with a permanent humanitarian visa were included in this study. The results suggest differences in help-seeking behaviors amongst the two ethnic groups. Amongst the Afghan sample, older adults with high psychological distress were more likely to seek help, while living in regional Australia, not requiring interpreters, and knowing how to find out information about government services were related to lower likelihood of help-seeking. Within the Iraqi sample, poor overall health and knowing how to find out about services were related to a greater likelihood of help-seeking, while fewer financial hardships decreased the likelihood of help-seeking. Amongst those with probable PTSD, disability was associated with an increased likelihood of help-seeking while experiencing fewer financial hardships and living in regional Australia resulted in a lower likelihood of help-seeking in this group. These results have implications for promotional material and mental health interventions, suggesting that more integrated services tailored to specific characteristics of ethnic groups are needed.
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Atykanova, J. A. "CONTEMPORARY MEDIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: STATUS AND CHALLENGES IN THE COVERAGE OF INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS (1990-2010)." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 4-2020 (December 23, 2020): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.4.537-543.
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The article contains up-to-date information on the history of the formation of the media market covering inter-ethnic relations in Kyrgyzstan. During the period of recent history, an information field has been formed in the republic, which has a clear position in the submission of information for its key audience. The media around the world play a key important role in stabilizing inter-ethnic relations in a multi-ethnic state, Kyrgyzstan is no exception. Kyrgyzstan allows representatives of ethnic groups currently residing in the Republic to have access to information in their mother tongue. Along with traditional print media, television and radio stations, Internet publications, news agencies, social media pages and messengers are actively pursuing information policy. In addition to domestic Kyrgyz-language media, the media broadcasting in Russian, Uzbek, Kazakh, Chinese, Turkish, Korean, Dungan are actively working in the republic. Each of them is a local or foreign mass media funded from abroad. All these forms of broadcasting and coverage of the political, economic and socio-cultural life of the republic form public opinion both at home and abroad.
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Stolle, Dietlind, Allison Harell, Stuart Soroka, and Jessica Behnke. "Religious Symbols, Multiculturalism and Policy Attitudes." Canadian Journal of Political Science 49, no. 2 (June 2016): 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423916000561.
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AbstractMulticultural policy is an increasingly salient, and contested, topic in both academic and public debate about how to manage increasing ethnic diversity. In spite of the longstanding commitment to multiculturalism policy in Canada, however, we have only a partial understanding of public attitudes on this issue. Current research tends to look at general attitudes regarding diversity and accommodation–rarely at attitudes towards specific multicultural policies. We seek to (partly) fill this gap. In particular, we focus on how support for multiculturalism policy varies across benefit types (for example, financial and other) and the ethnicity/religiosity of recipient groups. Using a unique survey experiment conducted within the 2011 Canadian Election Study (CES), we examine how ethnic origin (Portuguese vs. Turkish) and religious symbols (absence and presence of the hijab) influence support for funding of ethno-religious group activities and their access to public spaces. We also explore whether citizens’ general attitudes toward cultural diversity moderate this effect. Results provide important information about the state of Canadian public opinion on multiculturalism, and more general evidence about the nature, authenticity and limits of public support for this policy.
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Głąb, Anna. "Rosjanie – między narodowością a tożsamością." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 1 (December 5, 2012): 199–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2012.1.8.
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The article concerns the ethnic structure of the Russian Federation and the problems of national identity in the multiethnic state. A few distinct regions were identified based on ethnic, linguistic and religious components. They show that despite the Russian numerical superiority and the dominant role of Russian language and Russian culture, the Federation is a diverse state. Ethnocultural mosaics are situated throughout the state and it because of that any aspiration for larger autonomy or local separatism could destroy the Federation from the inside. A source for such aspirations may result from, for example, strong ethnic identity, which is especially important because of its naturalness, resulting from life and acting within constituent entities that were formed on the ethnic basis. The strength of ethnic identity resides in its stability, which played a significant role during the transformation period. On the other hand, the strong ethnic component in Russia is opposed to a weak civil identity, whose character is more formal. This second approach may be undermined by the results of public opinion polls. They show quite a strong and parallel identity with three groups: citizens at large, members of the same ethnic group and local community. In fact, it is difficult to precisely describe the dominant identity of the Russians. It is based on a peculiar dualism – ethnicity and citizenship.
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Dufresne, Yannick, Nadjim Fréchet, Catherine Ouellet, and Clifton van der Linden. "For Crown and country: ethnic nationalism and support for the monarchy in Canada, New Zealand, and Australia." British Journal of Canadian Studies 34, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2022.8.
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The Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand publics have long been divided on the issue of whether their countries should remain constitutional monarchies or become republics. A maturing sense of nationhood in each country has spurred debate as to the continuing relevance of remaining constitutional ties with Britain. This article aims to test whether support toward monarchy is explained by ethnic nationalism, a conception of nationhood founded on cultural unity. To do so, we rely on national electoral studies, covering the period from 1964 to 2021. This data allows for a fine-grained description of the attitudes toward monarchy among various sub-groups. Our findings suggest that reluctance to break away from the monarchy can be understood as part of a nationalist response to growing ethnic diversity and an accompanying perception of cultural threat. These findings contribute to a better understanding of public attitudes toward the monarchy in three Commonwealth countries.
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Dantani, Umar, Peter Nungshak Wika, and Muhammad Maigari Abdullahi. "The Politics of Security Deployment of Security Operatives to Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria 2001-2014." Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 95–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjps-2017-0005.
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Abstract The paper examines the politics of security deployment by the Federal Government of Nigeria to Jos, metropolis. A cross-sectional study was conducted and Public Opinion Theory adopted. Methodologically, mixed methods of data collection were conducted that involved the administration of 377 questionnaires to adult respondents, six In-Depth Interviews with religious and community leaders while three Key Informant Interviews with security personnel working with Special Task Force. The survey reveals that, the deployment of Mobile Police from 2001-2010 and the formation of Special Task Force in 2010 has generated mixed reactions and divergent perceptions among the residents of Jos metropolis. Majority of the ethnic groups that are predominantly Christians were more contented with the deployment of the Mobile Police whereas ethnic groups that are dominantly Muslims questioned the neutrality, capability, performance and strength of the Nigerian Police Force in managing the crises. The study recommends that, security personnel should display high degree of neutrality in order to earn the confidence of the residents and change their perceptions.
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Minkler, Meredith. "“Generational Equity” and the New Victim Blaming: An Emerging Public Policy Issue." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 4 (October 1986): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/a9k3-m3uy-ur7m-tdp4.
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Recent attempts to frame complex policy issues in terms of “justice between generations” and “intergenerational equity” are based on a series of questionable assumptions and economic calculations concerning the relative financial well-being of the elderly vis-à-vis other groups in U.S. society. On closer inspection, however, these assumptions—e.g., of a homogeneous and financially secure elderly population and of younger cohorts likely to become increasingly resentful of elderly entitlement programs—appear ill-founded. Census data revealing wide disparities in income among the elderly, and national opinion poll data suggestive of a large cross-generational and cross-ethnic group “stake” in Social Security and Medicare, are used to suggest that the intergenerational equity framework may well be an inappropriate one in the public policy arena. Such a framework, moreover, is seen as deflecting attention from more basic inequities in U.S. society and from the need for major policy shifts in response to these more fundamental problems.
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Honarmand, Kimia, Ian Ball, Matthew Weiss, Marat Slessarev, Robert Sibbald, Aimee Sarti, Maureen Meade, et al. "Cardiac donation after circulatory determination of death: protocol for a mixed-methods study of healthcare provider and public perceptions in Canada." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e033932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033932.
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IntroductionCardiac transplantation remains the best treatment for patients with end-stage heart disease that is refractory to medical or device therapies, however, a major challenge for heart transplantation is the persistent discrepancy between the number of patients on waiting lists and the number of available hearts. While other countries (eg, UK, Australia and Belgium) have explored and implemented alternative models of transplantation, such as cardiac donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) to alleviate transplantation wait times, ethical concerns have hindered implementation in some countries. This study aims to explore the attitudes and opinions of healthcare providers and the public about cardiac DCDD in order to identify and describe opportunities and challenges in ensuring that proposed cardiac DCDD procedures in Canada are consistent with Canadian values and ethical norms.Methods and analysisThis study will include two parts that will be conducted concurrently. Part 1 is a qualitative study consisting of semi-structured interviews with Canadian healthcare providers who routinely care for organ donors and/or transplant recipients to describe their perceptions about cardiac DCDD. Part 2 is a convergent parallel mixed-methods design consisting of a series of focus groups and follow-up surveys with members of the Canadian general public to describe their perceptions about cardiac DCDD.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Research Ethics Board at Western University. The findings will be presented at regional and national conferences and reported in peer-reviewed publications.
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Rowlingson, Karen. "Research Round-Up." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 13, no. 1 (February 2005): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/culc3586.
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Three research projects from the Department for Work and Pensions kick off this issue’s research round-up. They aim to answer the following questions: What makes for a good Housing Benefit manager? How well did Jobcentre Plus deliver the New Tax Credits policy? What can the UK learn from Australia about providing financial support for young people? Following these reports we have four summaries of working papers from the University of Hull. These cover a range of issues of relevance to social security: the local impact of international migration; young parenthood; minority ethnic groups in rural labour markets; and ‘race’ and social research.
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Possamai, Adam, and Alphia Possamai-Inesedy. "The Baha'i faith and Caodaism." Journal of Sociology 43, no. 3 (September 2007): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783307080108.
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In Australia, new immigrant and ethnic communities constitute the largest segment of the phenomenon of increasing religious diversity and change. These groups celebrate and maintain a way of life and a religious culture from elsewhere, but they are also working in Australian society: not just resisting pressures for assimilation, but helping members to translate the norms and values of their land of origin into the new Australian context. In this process, a de-secularization of the world at both local and global levels occurs; indeed, while offering support to migrants, these groups offer a site of `cultural security' to them and simultaneously promote and diffuse their religion in Australia's public sphere. This article focuses on the Baha'i faith and Caodaism; two groups with an ever-increasing growth in the Western world, and an involvement at local, national and international levels. The research shows that these two groups have had different measures of success in Australia, highlighting the fact that the de-secularization process does not have the same intensity among these groups. This article aims at finding the reason behind this difference of intensity.
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KORNIENKO, N. V. "PUBLIC OPINION ON RELIGIOUS PRIVILEGES IN THE REPUBLICS OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ETHNICSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 3/2 (August 4, 2018): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-3/2-111-119.
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The article is based on materials of ethnic-sociological research conducted in 2016 on the territory of the republic of the North Caucasus Federal District of the Russian Federation: Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Ingushetia, Republic of Dagestan, Kabardino- Balkarian Republic. The survey involved 1200 respondents - 200 people from each republic. The article analyzes the question of the validity of granting state and legal privileges of religious organizations. Respondents were asked to express their opinion about granting the state privileges only to the Russian Orthodox Church; only Islam - the most popular religion in the religion; only three traditional religions of Russia (Orthodoxy, Islam, Buddhism); granting equal rights to all religions or depriving all religions of any privilege. The author comes to the conclusion about almost complete unanimity in the issues of granting religious privileges to the inhabitants of the region - regardless of their religious affiliation, people want equal rights for all religions, they are less willing to grant rights only for all religions. All groups unanimously denied the rights of the privileges of the Russian Orthodox Church, Islam was also unwilling to grant rights to all groups except Chechens, but this option is far inferior to equal treatment of the three traditional or all religions.
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Wight, W. V. "Baroon Pocket Dam (Australia) Recreation Strategy: An Approach to a Plan." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0035.
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Baroon Pocket Dam is a water supply reservoir being constructed by the Landsborough Maroochy Water Supply Board in the hinterland of the Sunshine Coast of Queensland. Sinclair Knight and Partners was engaged to assess recreational opportunities and to prepare a management plan giving due regard to:the existing occupation of the catchmentthe picturesque nature of the localitythe current popularity of the locality for tourists and day trip visitors, andthe rare opportunity for “white water” recreation downstream. Assessment of opportunities and constraints included adaptation of “Outdoor Recreational Opportunity Spectrum” techniques. As the stored water will require extensive treatment in any case, the nature and intensity of recreation was found to be constrained by factors other than water quality. Opinion gathered through public submissions and discussions with user groups was overwhelmingly opposed to motorised activity. Tranquility and maintenance of the visual setting were valued highly. The retention of land in private ownership in close proximity to the ponded area imposed further constraints on recreation management.
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Bayly, Martin, Michelle Tham, Peter Watterson, Binghui Li, and Kevin Moran. "Marine seismic acquisition: efficiency and environment, new technologies applied in Australia." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16072.
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The design of successful marine seismic surveys is driven by many factors, two prime issues being efficiency and environmental impact. Efficiency is primarily driven by reduction of non-productive time and creating the largest sub-surface illumination area possible in the shortest time. In addition, public opinion and governmental regulations are requiring the industry to minimise their environmental impact. One aspect is reducing the overall sound exposure level (SEL) of the source into the marine environment. Using recent Australian examples, we will discuss and demonstrate the use of two new technology groups that address these concerns. The first is the use of a new type of seismic air-gun with optimal output over the range of frequencies commonly used in seismic exploration, while limiting potential environmental effects from unnecessary high-frequency emissions. The second is continuous data acquisition along the entire boat traverse, including the turns, thereby reducing non-productive vessel time. Both are described with examples from a recent survey acquired offshore north-west Australia.
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Barak, Yoram, Shona Neehoff, and Paul Glue. "Ageing badly: indicators of old-age structure in Australia and New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 12, no. 3 (2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19095.
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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONUntil 2050, Australia and New Zealand will experience continuing increase in the population aged >65 years. Studying differences in indicators of old-age structure between these countries can inform policymakers. AIMTo calculate and analyse indicators of old-age structure for Australia and New Zealand. METHODSFive indicators of old-age structure were calculated: centenarian ratio (number of centenarians per 100,000 people), longevity index (proportion of people aged ≥90 and ≥65 years in the population), longevity level (proportion of 80+/60+ years population), ageing tendency (proportion of people aged ≥60 years in the population) and centenarity index (ratio between the centenarians and the total population ≥90 years). RESULTSAll indicators of old-age structure demonstrated an advantageous ageing structure in Australia compared with New Zealand. In addition, the New Zealand Māori and Australian Aboriginal indicators of old-age structure demonstrated a significant disadvantage to these ethnic groups compared with the general population. DISCUSSIONPublic health policy needs to target ageing in New Zealand as a major goal in advancing the ‘Ageing Well’ policy advocated by the government.
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Naqvi, Raza, and Octavia Gale. "Preventative health screening community events, a mechanism to target minority ethnic populations in improving primary care utilisation to improve health outcomes." British Journal of General Practice 70, suppl 1 (June 2020): bjgp20X711005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x711005.
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BackgroundPreventative medicine has become a central focus in primary care provision, with greater emphasis on education and access to health care screening. The Department of Health reports existing health inequalities and inequalities in access within ethnic minority groups. Studies assessing the value of community engagement in primary care have reported variable outcomes in term of subsequent service utilisation.AimTo consider the benefit of community-based health screening checks to improve access and health outcomes in minority ethnic groups.MethodAn open community health screening event (n = 43), to allow targeted screening within an ethnic minority population. Screening included BP, BMI, BM and cholesterol. Results were interpreted by a healthcare professional and counselling was provided regarding relevant risk factors. Post-event feedback was gathered to collate participant opinion and views.ResultsSeventy-nine per cent of participants were from ethnic minority backgrounds: 64% were overweight or obese and 53% of participants were referred to primary care for urgent review following abnormal findings. All those referred would not have accessed healthcare without the event referral. All (100%) participants believed it improved health education and access to health care.ConclusionThis study clearly demonstrates the value of targeted community-led screening and education events in public health promotion. There was a significant benefit in providing community-based screening. There is a need for a longitudinal analysis to determine the impact on health outcomes and long-term access to healthcare provision.
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Rezaei, Omid, Hossein Adibi, and Vicki Banham. "Integration Experiences of Former Afghan Refugees in Australia: What Challenges Still Remain after Becoming Citizens?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 10559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910559.
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This paper explores, analyses, and documents the experiences of Afghan-Australians who arrived in Australia as refugees and were granted citizenship after living in Australia for several years. This research adopted a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches and surveyed 102 people, interviewed 13 participants, and conducted two focus-groups within its research design. Analysis of data indicates that former Afghan refugees gradually settled down and integrated within Australian society. They value safety and security, open democracy and orderly society of Australia, as well as accessing to education and healthcare services and opportunity for social mobility. However, since the integration is a long process, they are also facing some challenges in this area. Findings of this study show that Afghan-Australians require more support from Australian governments to overcome some of these challenges particularly securing employment within their area of interests and professional occupations that they have qualifications and experiences from Afghanistan. They are also experiencing broader challenges in the area of socio-cultural issues within Australian society. Since the Afghan community is an emerging community in Western Australia, they require more support from local government to enhance their ethnic cohesion and solidarity.
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Baranov, A. V., and S. V. Vasyuk. "ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS RELATIONS AS A FACTOR OF THE ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESS IN CRIMEA (BASED ON SURVEY MATERIALS)." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 15, no. 4 (2021): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2021-4-88-96.
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The article identifies the factors of ethnic and interconfessional relations, conducts a comparative analysis of public opinion of the residents of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol on this topic. The article is carried out within the framework of the constructivist approach and is based on questionnaire surveys organized by political scientists of Kuban State University. As a result of the analysis of the development of ethnopolitical relations, the authors explain a decrease in the level of conflict between general political, ethnic and confessional factors. The economic and socio-demographic factors of ethnopolitical relations are still significant. The territorial contrast of ethnopolitical and confessional relations in the Crimea remains. Interethnic and inter-confessional relations are assessed by the respondents as personally significant and influencing political processes, to a greater extent in the Republic of Crimea. Interethnic and interconfessional relations are perceived as a significant factor of development dependent on socio-economic and political circumstances. The inter-group distances are reduced in relation to Russians and Orthodox Christians and increased in relation to Crimean Tatars and Muslims. The asymmetry of perceptions of conflict between ethnic and confessional groups is established. Civil identity is most common among Russian youth, the least common among Crimean Tatar.
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Miller, E. A., D. M. West, and M. Wasserman. "Health information Websites: characteristics of US users by race and ethnicity." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 13, no. 6 (September 1, 2007): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135763307781644852.
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We conducted a national public opinion survey of adults aged 18 years or older in the continental US to determine their use of health Websites. Of the 928 individuals contacted, 868 (94%) reported their race/ethnicity. More non-Hispanic Whites reported using the Internet (34%) than African Americans (31%) and Hispanics (20%). We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios describing the relationship between Website usage and covariates across the racial/ethnic subgroups. Whereas better perceived health was associated with greater Website use among Hispanics and Whites, stronger health literacy was associated with greater use among Hispanics. No African American or Hispanic respondent aged 65 years or older reported going online. The relationship between education and use was more than twice as strong for African Americans and Hispanics than other groups. That some minority groups are less likely to use the World Wide Web for health information may further compound existing disparities. One place where this problem may be addressed is in the nation's schools.
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Whittaker, Andrea, Davina Lohm, Chris Lemoh, Allen C. Cheng, and Mark Davis. "Investigating Understandings of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Diverse Ethnic Communities in Australia: Findings from a Qualitative Study." Antibiotics 8, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030135.
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This paper explores the understandings of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among ethnically diverse informants in Melbourne, Australia. A total of 31 face-to-face semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of ethnic in-patients who were admitted with an acquired antimicrobial infection in a public hospital (n = 7); five hospital interpreters; and ethnic members of the general community (n = 19) as part of a broader study of lay understandings of AMR. Thematic analysis revealed there was poor understanding of AMR, even among informants being treated for AMR infections. Causes of the increasing incidence of AMR were attributed to: weather fluctuations and climate change; a lack of environmental cleanliness; and the arrival of new migrant groups. Asian informants emphasized the need for humoral balance. Antibiotics were viewed as ‘strong’ medicines that could potentially disrupt this balance and weaken the body. Travel back to countries of origin sometimes involved the use of medical services and informants noted that some community members imported antibiotics from overseas. Most used the internet and social media to source health information. There is a lack of information in their own languages. More attention needs to be given to migrant communities who are vulnerable to the development, transmission and infection with resistant bacteria to inform future interventions.
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Lillee, Alyssa, Aesen Thambiran, and Jonathan Laugharne. "Evaluating the mental health of recently arrived refugee adults in Western Australia." Journal of Public Mental Health 14, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-05-2013-0033.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the levels of psychological distress in adults entering Western Australia (WA) as refugees through the Australian Humanitarian Programme. To determine if the introduction of mental health screening instruments impacts on the level of referrals for further psychological/psychiatric assessment and treatment. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 300 consecutive consenting refugee adults attending the Humanitarian Entrant Health Service in Perth, WA. This service is government funded for the general health screening of refugees. The Kessler-10 (K10) and the World Health Organisation’s post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screener were the principal outcome measures used. Findings – Refugees had a high rate of current probable PTSD (17.2 per cent) as measured with the PTSD screener and mean K10 scores were significantly higher than general population norms. The K10 showed high accuracy for discriminating those with or without probable PTSD. Being married and having more children increased the risk of probable PTSD. In regard to region of origin, refugees from Western and Southern Asia had significantly higher scores on both screeners followed by those from Africa with those from South-Eastern Asia having the lowest scores. Referral rate for psychiatric/psychological treatment was 18 per cent compared to 4.2 per cent in the year prior to the study. Practical implications – This study demonstrates increased psychological distress including a high rate of probable PTSD in a recently arrived multi-ethnic refugee population and also demonstrates significant variations based on region of origin. In addition, it supports the feasibility of using brief screening instruments to improve identification and referral of refugees with significant psychological distress in the context of a comprehensive general medical review. Originality/value – This was an Australian study conducted in a non-psychiatric setting. The outcomes of this study pertain to refugee mental health assessed in a general health setting. The implications of the study findings are of far reaching relevance, inclusive of primary care doctors and general physicians as well as mental health clinicians. In particular the authors note that the findings of this study are to the authors’ knowledge unique in the refugee mental health literature as the participants are recently arrived refugees from diverse ethnic groups.
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Pham, Mai N. "Language attitudes of the Vietnamese in Melbourne." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 21, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.21.2.01pha.
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Abstract This study is an attempt to investigate language attitudes of the older and younger generations of Vietnamese bilingual adults in Melbourne, in relation to their ethnicity in the Australian context and in the light of the historical background of the Vietnamese immigrants in Australia. A survey of 165 Vietnamese bilingual adults and students in Melbourne was carried out to investigate their language use in private and public domains, their appraisal of English and Vietnamese, their attitudes towards Vietnamese language maintenance, acculturation, and the question of their ethnic identity in Australian society. The results of the findings reveal that there is a significant difference between adults and students in various aspects of their language attitudes. Overall their choice of language use in private and public domains varies with situations and interlocutors. Although both groups show positive attitudes towards the appraisal of Vietnamese, the maintenance of Vietnamese language and culture and the retaining of their ethnic identity, what is significant is that students demonstrate stronger positive attitudes than adults. With regard to factors that influence the maintenance of Vietnamese, while adults think that government language policy is the most important factor, students express their confidence in the ability of the Vietnamese themselves to maintain their language.
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Ikhwan, Munirul. "Challenging the State: Exegetical Translation in Opposition to the Official Religious Discourse of the Indonesian State." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 17, no. 3 (October 2015): 157–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2015.0214.
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The democratic climate following the fall of the Soharto regime in 1998 paved the way for the various elements of Indonesian society to re-evaluate the best way forwards for the country, which is characterised by cultural and ethnic diversity. New groups and Islamic movements came into being and made public calls for the official implementation of Sharīʿa law as the only solution to the political and economic crises gripping the country. Because these Islamists were not successful in amending the constitution through political struggle, many of them turned to social and cultural activities. This article will discuss the attempts of Muhammad Thalib, the leader of the Majelis Mujahidin and author of al-Qurʾan tarjama tafisiriyah, to critique the official government translation of the Qur'an, al-Qur'an dan terjemahnya. This article will discuss how Muhammad Thalib's translation aimed to de-legitimise the official religious discourse of the state, so that his own al-Qur'an tarjama tafsiriyah might become the most influential religious discourse in the opinion of the general public, and be perceived as the authentic call to Islam.
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Hochschild, Jennifer, and Maya Sen. "Genetic Determinism, Technology Optimism, and Race." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 661, no. 1 (August 10, 2015): 160–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215587875.
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We begin with a typology of Americans’ understanding of the links between genetic inheritance and racial or ethnic groups. The typology has two dimensions: one running from genetic determinism to social construction, and the other from technology optimism to technology pessimism. Construing each dimension as a dichotomy enables four distinct political perspectives on the possibilities for reducing racial inequality in the United States through genomics. We then use a new public opinion survey to analyze Americans’ use of the typology. Survey respondents who perceive that some phenotypes are more prevalent in one group than another due to genetic factors are disproportionately technology optimists. Republicans and Democrats are equally likely to hold that set of views, as are self-identified blacks, whites, and Latinos. The article discusses the findings and speculates about alternative interpretations of the fact that partisanship and group identity do not differentiate Americans in their views of the links between genetic inheritance and racial inequality.
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White, Lesley, and Christiane Klinner. "Medicine use of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants and attitudes to home medicines review." Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, no. 1 (2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10099.
Full textAbstract:
There is a paucity of research into the perceptions of elderly Australian ethnic minorities towards public health services related to quality use of medicines. Among the six fastest growing ethnic groups in Australia, the Mandarin-speaking Chinese and Vietnamese constitute the largest elderly populations with poor English skills. This paper investigates the relationships of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese migrants with medicines, general practitioners and pharmacists, and how these relationships influence their awareness and attitudes of the home medicines review (HMR) program. Two semi-structured focus groups were held with a total of 17 HMR-eligible patients who have never received a HMR, one with Chinese and one with Vietnamese respondents, each in the respective community language. Confusion about medications and an intention to have a HMR were pronounced among all participants although none of them had heard of the program before participating in the focus groups. Respondents reported difficulties locating a pharmacist who spoke their native language, which contributed to an increased unmet need for medicine information. The Chinese group additionally complained about a lack of support from their general practitioners in relation to their medicine concerns and was adamant that they would prefer to have a HMR without the involvement of their general practitioner. Our results indicate a distinct HMR need but not use among elderly Chinese and Vietnamese eligible patients with poor English skills. Home medicines review service use and perceived medication problems are likely to improve with an increasing availability of bilingual and culturally sensitive health care providers.