Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éthique médicale – Philosophie'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 32 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Éthique médicale – Philosophie.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Angot, Jean-Baptiste. "Médecine et philosophie : une éthique médicale est-elle possible aujourd'hui ?" Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M082.
Full textHubinois, Philippe. "Chirurgie viscérale : hier, aujourd'hui, demain : petite philosophie de la chirurgie." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0275.
Full textRobot assisted surgery is slowly invading our world, taking side with regards to medical ethics. In a not too far future, one might watch this type of surgery operated between surgeons and patients thousands of miles apart. Can we then accept the image reflected on the screen as a valid substitute to the hand and eyes of the technician? Are we then accepting the surgeon as a technician whose tools would be limited to sticks and a screen? In fact, recent evolution in the field of medical ethics show that patients expect much more than the mere physical repair and consider that human direct contact with the surgeon is essential. This attitude appears as an invitation to avoid placing excessive emphasis on the technical aspect of surgery to the detriment of clinical aspect and human relationship
Larger, Victor. "Amour et personne, psychologie et éthique de la relation médicale." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_larger_v.pdf.
Full textThe medical relationship seems to have a well-defined aim : healing, i. E body “repair”. Medical science, based on an exclusive positivist materialism, is the doctor's main reference. Even so, doctors and patients are often aware of neglecting an important part of what the real issue of the consultation is. In fact, in this interpersonal encounter, two people are deeply involved and the purely medical aspect is even often a mere pretext. The consultation is the place where the sick person is revealed. It is then necessary to consider the human concept through the history of philosophy based on the modern personalist movement. Having a better comprehension of this notion, relational implications in the medical meeting context can be clarified. It's the friendly involvement the doctor has and nourishes for his patient that binds its ethical attitude to his service , giving a framework to the technical approach
Mallet, Donatien. "La médecine : une pratique paradoxale entre science et existence." Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0239.
Full textThe practice of a doctor is based on two axes : he must define the patient's suffering within a scientific context but also be attentive to the emotions, thoughts, convictions, beliefs of the sick person. Today's medicine privileges the scientific method. Science is one of the foundations of our society. The doctor pays less attention to the subjectivity to the sick person. We can criticise certain idealised or mythical representations of this medicine based on science, without denying its efficiency. We propose that the doctor should be more attentive to the patient's relationship to his body, the era and to others
Geoffroy, Michel. "La patience et l'inquiétude : recherches métaphysiques et ontologiques pour une fondation de l'éthipe de soin." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0171.
Full textIs there such a temporal virtue as one liable to give the relationship patient–health care professional an ethical value which is refused to it by medical viewing and the dividing understanding inherited from Cartesianism? It is patience which, within the duration of the event of a meeting, within a vacation of time – and not only within the instantaneousness of conscience – allows the opening of the health care professional’s temporality, his/her distensio animi and his/her co-presence with the patient. Uneasiness is the necessary ontological condition for patience. Whereas the philosophies of quietness, whereas Levinas’s metaphysics unsuccessfully attempt to account for the commitment of the Same to the Other, uneasiness as the expression of the tearing of man by the being i. E. Time, uneasiness as the first duty of the selfish ego to accept alteration, permits patience and welcoming of the other
Crozier, Sophie. "Le pari éthique de la complexité : Action médicale dans le champ des accidents vasculaires cérébraux graves." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815733.
Full textDelassus, Éric. "Santé du corps et santé de l’esprit : les apports de l'éthique de Spinoza à l'éthique médicale." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1PH03.
Full textIllness, whether chronic or acute, is often perceived as an injustice or a curse. The philosophy of Spinoza, because « it teaches us, how we ought to conduct ourselves with respect to the gifts of fortune », can thus be regarded as a source of wisdom whose virtue would be to overcome such representations. They only add pointless suffering to the pains that are in most cases imposed by illness. According to his biographers, Spinoza, who himself was affected by illness most of his life, nevertheless succeeded in writing his Ethics and in living his condition with courage and serenity. He is a shining example of how illness is not necessarily an impediment on the path to salvation. This research attempts to show how his philosophy is no stranger to such an attitude. The mind being for Spinoza « the idea of the body », it should develop into an adequate idea so as to make headway towards a more serene acceptance and understanding of illness. However, can the patient think the idea of his/her body as a clear and distinct idea? This question is central to this work, which seeks to offer both to patients and to those who take care of them, food for thought to better endure illness and to better assist sufferers
Dumont, Martin. "Pour une philosophie clinique des greffes de mains et de visage : histoire, épistémologie, éthique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE084/document.
Full textThis work aims at building a clinical philosophy of transplantations, especially in regards to hand and face allografts; this means a philosophy rooted in the experience of care and that of the patients. The history of the establishment of transplantation as an efficient procedure, from the beginning of the twentieth century to the 1960s, is examined: it helps understand the unexpected challenges that had to be met, and how these procedures are subject to precise and restrictive conditions. This critical epistemology then allows to approach the ethical questions raised by composite tissue allografts. These procedures have given birth to intense debate, to which the clinic has already partially brought answers. But other ethical problems remain, which are considered by describing the delicate conditions for choosing the procedure and by interrogating the norms legitimating this risky procedure as a cure for severe handicaps
Fornes, Antony. "Sens et éthique : Au cœur du discours, « Wittgenstein à l’hôpital »." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2031/document.
Full textWhat legitimizes an ethical speech? Does it distinguish itself from other speeches? Can we agree on such subject? Here are some selected questions which we will try to answer. Our study is nourished by Ludwig Wittgenstein thoughts. The latter’s position concerning the ethics presents several aspects of this thematic. For a period of his intellectual journey, it seems fundamental and taboo and for another one, it finds a place in the speech, but falls into certain relativism. By setting a background where the ethics is entwined, the speech appears as a crucial medium. Within this space, our investigation will determine the coherence of the relation between ethics and meaning. By scrutinizing a particular speech type (medical ethics), we shall confront ultimately the wittgensteinian contribution on this question. It will then be possible for us to point the possibility of a coherence of the ethics within the language
Haaser, Thibaud. "Elaboration d’une consultation d’accompagnement philosophique des patients atteints de cancer : projet OncoSophia." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS368/document.
Full textThe occurrence of cancer in existence can lead people to complex questions about their conception of the human condition, the ethical benchmarks they have defined to live well, or the concrete practice of their life.These matters reflect the hardness of human situations, characterized by representations and fears. This work focuses on the elaboration of a specific approach of these questions : ethicology. Based on the antique defintion of philosophy, ethicology is a complementary accompaniment modality to the existing supportive cares. Ethicology is an opportunity for the persons to consider themselves differently, an opportunity of a care of the self. Philosophy is used in ethicolgy according two modalities. Philosophy as a method brings the possibility of a rational dialogue and philosophy as resources helps to illustrate person's words. Construction of this method was carried out through the OncoSophia research project, during which the first ethicological consultations were realized
Maglio, Milena. "Éthique de la sacralité de la vie, éthique de la qualité de la vie : généalogie d'une opposition théorique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAP005.
Full textThe debate between the sanctity of life ethic and the quality of life ethic has been at the core of bioethical discussions (especially those in English) for forty years. It is generally considered that the sanctity of life is an ancient ethic which belongs to the Judeo-Christian and to the Hippocratic traditions. The quality of life, for its part, is commonly understood as a modern ethic which was born with the scientific and technological development of the medical field started sixty years ago. It is then stated that the difference between the sanctity of life ethic and the quality of life ethic depends on the value that each ethic assigns to human life. A moral judgment about subjects as abortion, euthanasia, the withholding and withdrawal of life support, and so on, is supposed to result from this value. The literature on the subject is abundant, and the expressions “sanctity of life” and quality of life” are often used, but the meaning and the scope of these ethics remain sometimes unclear. This fact becomes more evident in the public debates, especially in the well-known cases. What (human) life, sanctity (of life), and quality (of life) mean? These questions rarely receive the same answer.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the validity of the opposition between the sanctity of life ethic and the quality of life ethic with a genealogical approach and an archaeological method. The common idea of the sanctity of life is, first, analyzed to find its multiple and heterogeneous “descents” [provenances]. These “descends”, then, are put into context, focusing on the conditions in which the expression “sanctity of life” was mobilized, and on the discourses that opposed to it. This framework, finally, allows to bring a fresh look at the advent of the debate between sanctity of life ethic and quality of life ethic, as well as at its emergence and reconfiguration in bioethics. The challenge is to provide new keys for thinking differently the contemporary debate
Le, Forestier Nadine. "Les Passeurs de mots. Une éthique philosophique du soin : à propos d’une enquête nationale au sein des Centres SLA de France." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T098/document.
Full textThe teaching of Doctor-Patient relationship, in particular in making announcement of the diagnosis, makes progress in the Faculties of Medicine. But in practice, communicating the thruth of a disease with fatal issue remains a distressing time because still badly told. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a motor neuron disease, is the most pejorative diagnosis to make in Neurology. In the controversy surrounding the time of the announcement of the diagnosis, and, by examining the results of 203 ALS Patients’ and their Caregivers’ questionnaires, we compare with the results of 38 ALS Centre Neurologists’ interviews. Through bringing an epistemological, ethical and philosophical analysis into focus, we argue that, in the rational multidisciplinary of the care in a rapid and incurable disease, the evolution of the clearly medical information changes the Doctor-Patient relationship into a moral injunction of presence for the Caregivers and the families. Only through the training of Doctors and a certain conception of Patient information in palliative care can the harmful consequences of such a trend be limited
Valette, Pierre. "Du tri à l'autre : éthique et médecine d'urgence." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714219.
Full textBeresniak, Ariel. "Le problème de la décision en bioéthique : exemple des écrits de Maimonide." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10295.
Full textCarnevale, Franco. "The moral malaises of modern pediatric medicine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30285/30285.pdf.
Full textThe dominant ethical framework in pediatric medicine is inherently problematic because important moral considerations are concealed. This problem is congruent with the displacement of moral malaises in modernity articulated by Charles Taylor. Drawing on Taylor’s work, I argue that contemporary pediatric medicine and bioethics are reflective of modern moral theory, which is centered on decisional procedures without explicit regard for the substantive moral grounds that such procedures should relate to. The goal of this thesis is to examine moral concerns in contemporary pediatric medicine through Taylor’s philosophical work. Taylor’s ideas oriented this examination (a) methodologically, as his conception of hermeneutics served as the analytical framework, and (b) substantively, by drawing on his analysis of modernity and moral theory. Taylor’s hermeneutical philosophy as well as his examination of modernity are reviewed to provide a philosophical framework for tracing the horizons of significance and social imaginaries within which pediatric medicine emerged and became aligned with particular moral orientations. An operational explicitation of Taylor’s hermeneutical approach was developed to examine (a) the early history of pediatric medicine as children’s health became valued in light of state and societal economic and military interests and (b) the emergence and ongoing development of the best interests standard, a more child-centered ethical orientation. Three moral malaises in modern pediatric medicine were identified: (a) the convergence of law and ethics; (b) the construal of children as incapable and dependent; and (c) the ambiguous nature of best interests. These malaises were examined to the retrieve the background horizons of significance and social imaginaries against which they were shaped. Moreover, a Taylorian framework for the practice of pediatric bioethics is proposed - hermeneutical retrieval and rapprochement - to enrich pediatric practice through interpretive attunement and reconciliation of concealed moral considerations. The implications for future research as well as pediatric practice and education are outlined.
Hory, Bernard. "De la technomédecine : la fin de vie de l'homme artificiel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2009.
Full textTechnic and technology, derived from modern science according to Heidegger, frames the phusis. In a first part, we discover the accuracy of framing in contemporary medical technopraxis: organ and tissue harvesting, creation of bio-banks storing all kinds of tissues, cells and gene sequences. In a second part, guided by the interrelations between medicine and politics conceptualized in biopower by Foucault, we analyze the relationship between powers and technomedicine. Posing the hypothesis of the existence of a plurality of powers exercising on living, rather than that of a single Foucaldian biopower, we describe four individualized bio-technopowers, whose game is organized within the framework of the sanitary democracy in Habermassian public spaces : the governmental biopower, the biopower of the doctors, the economic biopower of the pharmaceutical industry and of the new technologies and finally the biopower of the patients. The works of Jürgen Habermas and Hans Jonas lead us to propose the foundations of a political ethic of technomedicine
Lavoie, Mireille. "Philosophie du soin palliatif." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765091811&sid=36&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textNélaton, Christelle. "La philosophie dans l'éthique narrative : la transplantation pulmonaire chez les adolescents atteints de mucoviscidose comme terrain d'application." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5106.
Full textA survey of scientific publications allows us to establish that "experiences and perceptions of lung transplant among teenagers suffering from cystic fibrosis" are unexplored. At a time when this surgery appears questionable (its success rate reaching 50% 5 years after the graft) and doctors and paramedics witnessed the suicide of a teenage girl who had undergone surgery, it seemed interesting to us to suggest a brand new kind of narrative and philosophical investigation. But how can the philosopher venture out of ethics committees to meet the patients? Our PhD aims at distinguishing this philosophical approach from the scarce psychological, psychiatric and psychoanalytical texts that deal with the matter. With this objective in mind, we shall draw on the works of American philosopher Richard Zaner. Starting from his experience among patients in Nashville, our work attempts to show that it is possible for the French philosopher to use his or her singular questioning, tendency to conceptualize, and resources of his or her field to deliver an innovative analysis on the experiences and representations of these teenagers. By engaging in - like Zaner - philosophical meetings whose conversations would not be led by half-biased questionnaires channeling their answers, we think we are able to build a scientific and genuinely philosophical work from these patients accounts. Our work is in keeping with what we call today "narrative ethics". Multidisciplinary by nature, it can be applied by philosophers who build up from the patients stories to philosophize in a new way. The philosopher is used to relying on principalism to think about a medical reality. Our work has striven to offer an approach of actual philosophical analysis that was "bottom up" rather than "top down". To achieve this, we went to meet patients in order to put our methodological assumption to the test. We have tried to organize a team work with caregivers to obtain productive discussions with the patients. Drawing on our exchanges with young patients about the topic of transplant, but also on a number of philosophical notions, we have tried to understand how these teenagers perceived existence, and the place a transplant could hold in it. Is it a break, a continuity, or a new standard for these teenagers suffering from cystic fibrosis ? Standard publications about transplants hinge upon ethical and existential questions, the notion of guilt or debt towards the donor, but also the upset identity of the receiver. But does studying the experiences and representations of patients confirm this? Is the principle of autonomy still central to the ethical difficulties of this activity? The purpose of this work is to contribute to what Pierre Le Coz called "the philosophical time of decision", this critical and reflective moment surrounding a medical decision. Our approach thus suggests a knowledge of the individual that needs to encourage thinking about the medical decision of performing a transplant. We cannot consider this knowledge as definite, yet we can highlight the necessity of constantly moving back and forth between the individual and the general, between the illness and the demands of medical practice. By going back to the origins of philosophy - first conceived as an oral activity - this work seeks to reconcile the use of a method we could qualify as "phenomenological" with conceptual resources and questions that reach beyond this framework
Reversat, Bernard. "La réflexion éthique au service de l'analyse des pratiques professionnelles sur un territoire de santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0621/document.
Full textThe meaning of the nursing exercise is based on the notion of “living together” and feeds on an important need for ethical reflection both from students and healthcare professionals. However, the reflection exercise and the development of training in the field of ethics have been scarce in initial training and in the career path of most of professionals in service. The individual reflexive position is not sufficient and must be completed by a collective approach of ethical reflection in which the patient, his/her family or his/her close relations are associated with interdisciplinary dialogue. The “Ethics and Health Professions” committee (as per the A Cordier report in 2003) pointed out a lack of locations and time for the nursing staff, which could allow them to “formalize” their ethical reflection. This thesis suggests identifying the systems to be created in order, for example of the sequences of simulation in health, to accompany nursing players in this questioning approach a priori but also exposit. Questionnaires will be used to enhance and consolidate the main assumption. Another research focus will attempt to objectify changes in the level of relevance of ethical principles involved, according to contexts and through observations conducted during multidisciplinary meetings between health professionals. This approach will attempt to validate another hypothesis. Finally, to answer the initial question, it appears that a Continuous Professional Development program (DPC), designed as a “new area for reflection” seems to be an opportunity that must be seized, to help care providers to clarify situations et build their practice purpose in a collegial manner
Dallaporta, Bruno. "Chronicité et fin de vie en hémodialyse : tension éthique entre exactitude et vérité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS469.
Full textFrom hemodialysis, we will study certain problems more generally related to chronic disease but also to the end of life bring out the tension between three dualities: the accuracy and the truth, déontological and teleological ethics, and the logics of equivalence and superabundance. In chronic illness, we will be interested in cases where there is a contradiction between the medical duty of the physician and the will of the sick person. We will show that these refusals of care in dialysis are underpinned by a tension between the technical accuracy of the proposed treatments and the ethical and existential truth of the person. In the end of life, we will ask ourselves the question of when unreasonable obstinacy begins, how to define its limit, and how to limit or stop dialysis while being sure not to perform a homicide? We will also show that norms, standards, indicators and protocols proliferate to participate in a standardization of increasingly hegemonic practices, where several drivers are at work, such as neoliberal rationality and risk management. This leads to a disenchantment of caregivers. One observation emerges: the accuracy, the technique, the déontological ethics folded in the form of protocols and the logic of equivalence become invasive. Conversely, the truth of the subject, ethics, the responsibility of the other vulnerable, the gift of hospitality tend to be precarious. The response to this drift could be the rehabilitation of the singularity of the subject and the creation of a metaphor between technical accuracy and ethical truth. Finally, we will show how, when there is a dilemma linked to a tension between technique and ethics, the setting up of an ethics meeting allowed us to provide the most humane answer possible and to foster the development of a team culture
Le, Coz Pierre. "Le moment philosophique de la décision médicale." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20686.
Full textChvetzoff, Roland. "L’éthique au risque de son institutionnalisation : l’Événement est-il possible au sein des machines à guérir hospitalières ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3014.
Full textToday, ethics with regard to health benefits from a regulatory and standardised framework incentive, obliges the establishments to deploy an ethical reflection. But do these ethics taking place in our health institutions come with no risk of institutionalisation?In effect, health institutions these days have become "therapeutics" that require legitimate objectification and necessitate organisation within the hospital curing machine. Machines where the question of evil is relativised, or even denied for the public good: there is no evil other than ailments that it needs to manage and treat with technoscience and management tools. Or "the ethical question arises just because of the fact this evil exists." The machines for curing deploy an arsenal of devices of which the intention is to heal, but equally to prevent the occurrence of adverse events. This means of course to cure the disease, but also to cure any risk: that of the event. But the event is recuperated by the hospital machine to be reclassified as adverse event. The event is experienced as an adverse event that an “ethics quality controller” will sift through to find the "why?" in the search for a common causal event. It is at this point that the challenge arises for institutionalising ethics: to lead institutions to make the adverse event a "desirable event" by culminating professionals in the event, instead of trying to reduce it to a certain causality. Because "evil has no why", but we do need to combat it.The consideration of the institutionalisation of ethics, is to be attentive to the dialectic of structure and of event as a delayed synthesis. This non-synthesis enables thinking, and the machine and the event to become two inseparable concepts. Beyond the adverse event, the ethical event (EE) appears as the possibility of the occurrence of evil. For ethics the objective of eradicating evil would equally aim at eradicating freedom
Weber, Jean-Christophe. "La clinique, laboratoire de la médecine : exploration philosophique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE046.
Full textClinical medicine is home to a very experiment. Its native point is the experience of a patient whosesuffering body led him to rely on someone else to send him a request. The doctor perceives anddecodes physical marks and linguistic indices, integrates them into a construction involvingimagination and understanding: a singular situation is being investigated through an experience thatinterweaves all the degrees of knowledge, from the most sensitive to the more theoretical ones.Making a diagnosis, proposing and leading a therapy requires not only science but also rhetoric.Expertise arises from repeated experimentations. They confront to the real and force to articulate bodyand language, knowledge and feelings, needs and desires, cure and care: vulnerable as everypractice, clinical medicine is said in crisis. The epistemological status of medicine, the medicalgovernment of bodies and souls, the nature of what is offered, the distribution of knowledge, are themain topics being called into question. Evidence-based medicine, individualization of care,empowerment and expert patients, and all processes engaged to strengthen the clinical practice mayhowever further compromise it. A critical reappraisal of clinical medicine and its aporia led us toaddress the key issues of practical medicine, and to return to its roots: medicine is a tekhnē, whichassumes to exercise reflective judgment, practical reasoning, expanded aesthesia, and entanglesimpersonal science and delicate attention to the individual. The thesis provides a comprehensiveaccount of three fundamental dimensions of clinical medicine: aesthetics, erotics and ethics. Clinicalpractice appears to be the real laboratory for medicine
Castelbajac, Thomas de. "Épistémologie de la destruction des espaces intermédiaires en psychiatrie contemporaine : de la désubjectivation des dispositifs d’esthétisation à la fondation d’une éthique de soin orientée par l’utopie." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2010.
Full textPublic French psychiatry knows a heavy crisis based on the loss of intermediary spaces which are essential for the being to unfold and go encounter the other. Epistemological analysis of bipolar disorder category, of bientraitance and of psychiatric architecture,show they wreck the spaces separating and bringing together the subject with his unconscious, others and architectural work. Aestheticization apparat uses, which are mental disease biologism, good practices machinism and architecture functionalism, emphasized through the values of True, Well and Beautiful, abolish every form of hospitality. In view of this devastation, proceeded by the closure of the language, we propose its desobstruction through utopia. Through the open it keeps, ensuring a possible welcome for psychotic subjects, it gives back all their ethics to care practices in psychiatry
Corvol, Aline. "Valeurs, attitudes et pratiques des gestionnaires de cas en gérontologie : une éthique professionnelle en construction." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987270.
Full textPahus, Laurie. "La médecine moderne est-elle fondée sur les preuves ? : à propos du cas des maladies respiratoires chroniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0425.
Full textThe use of statistics in medicine is the final step for the development of scientific medicine pursued throughout the history of the discipline. This method of production of medical evidence is recognized by healthcare professionals, drug manufacturers and political institutions as a pledge of quality that justifies medical decision-making at the individual and collective levels. Initially, the concept is an educational approach advocating the autonomy of each practitioner in bibliographic research and critical appraisal of available evidence for their use in the context of personalized medicine. The approach rejects medical dogmatism. This concept has been and remains largely controversial. However, it has quickly become a deontological and legal requirement that could drift back to dogmatism. The priority given to the methodological quality of medical evidence while poor attention is paid to its real-life applicability raises concerns. In this work we hypothesize that, from the production to the use of medical evidence there are cognitive and/or methodological biases that may alter the relevance of medicine practice despite its scientific alibi. Through the example of chronic respiratory diseases, this epistemological work aims at characterizing the medical evidence. To do so, we analyzed its production methodology, the sources, vectors and targets for dissemination, the consequences of the involvement of regulatory agencies and governments in its applicability and the cognitive biases that may apply to physicians and patients. It aims at determining transparently on what type of evidence medicine is based to enable its relevant practice
La, Marne Paula. "Ethiques du mourir et rationalité philosophique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070088.
Full textDeath has become an object of medical care and the fact of dying has assumed a new face. Unobtrusive, kept out of sight, death is disconcerting for the whole of society and physicians are not equipped to meet the paradoxes linked to medical progress. Slow, piecemeal, death may appear an enigma particularly as regards resuscitation; maintained as a slowed down process it raises in several medical specialties the issue of the limits of treatment and even that of stopping life. But society has turned to this problem and is pondering over the legitimate conditions of dying. Two strong ethical positions emerge as to the definition of the criteria of good behaviour towards the dying: first the choice to die, a position in favour of euthanasia and medically assisted suicide; and second palliative care, a position in favour of a conciliation between the sacredness of life and quality of life. In the first case quality of life lays the foundation for the meaning of existence to the point that, deprived of this quality, one can, in a completely autonomous way, lay claim to a request for dying. In the second case the emphasis lies on the continuation of the psychological and physical well being of the patient, letting the person pass away by themselves in the name of the infinitely precious character of life but also in the name of the interdiction of giving death. By allowing a debate between these two positions, solutions to the ethical conflict can arise with the help of concepts and practices such as limitation of treatment, caring to the global nature of the person with TLC (Tender Loving Care), sedation or the double-bind effect doctrine. All these solutions lend weight to the option of palliative care. The possibility of solving some ethical problems linked to dying paves the way for questioning the power of philosophical reason on this subject. Reason, despite the strength of some sceptical arguments, has the capacity to overcome ethical conflicts or to link seemingly irreconcilable principles because of its communicational nature. However there are two limits to reason's power: the demand that good must be respected and that the fear of dying be erased
Amann, Jean-Paul. "Problèmes éthiques de la recherche médicale auprès des enfants : l'exemple d'un essai contrôlé randomisé consacré au syndrome de Dravet." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010556.
Full textCardenas, Diana. "La nutrition en médecine : approche épistémologique, problèmes ethiques et cas cliniques." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1012/document.
Full textMedical advances now allow to feed all sick people by artificial nutrition when they cannot feed themselves. However, malnutrition is still highly prevalent. Is it possible to make nutrition an ethical subject so that it be considered as real medical care? To respond to this, an epistemological approach shows that nutrition is an autonomous science that has its origins in Antiquity. It differs from Clinical Nutrition, a discipline born in the twentieth century and uses artificial nutrition techniques having the status of a drug. Ethically, this poses actual difficulties when artificial nutrition applies to particular clinical situations. Indeed, feeding patients becomes a form of care but also of treatment. This leads us to question the values of care and envision universalizable standards with a true legitimacy in the medical field. In this context, we have identified a double vulnerability of malnourished patients, characterized by the otherness of the malnourished body, but also a vulnerability induced by the lack of diagnosis and training of care givers in nutrition. To meet these issues, it becomes necessary to conceive of just institutions, that by health policy, integrate nutrition as a care and provide medical training adapted to these challenges
Civil, Marc-Félix. "Analyse existentielle et éthique du consentement aux soins en psychiatrie." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0049/document.
Full textExistential consent refers to a favorable agreement given by Dasein after understanding the meaning and significance of what he is experiencing, his experiences, his preoccupations in the world, his projections in time, his projects. Through this work we have discovered in a practical way that this consent can be done either hot when it is in a crisis situation (under the weight of the disease acutely) or cold when it is not in crisis. We also noticed that an active encounter is necessary for this type of consent. This meeting assumes the possibility of language exchanges between the patient and the healthcare team. In this encounter are important elements of the patient's daily life, all the details of his life which seem to him primordial in rising to his conscience for the moment and for which the disease appears to be a hindrance that the treatment or the care Will lift. And the fact that this encounter is a first condition, this consent comes up against the wall that marks its limits. For how can we find these meanings and meanings in the life of the subject, if he refuses to enter into communication, if he refuses to express himself, if he is very agitated, if he is in a coma? Each of these aspects constitute points that still need to be explored from an existential point of view
April, Marie-Josée. "Le consentement comme risque partagé : l'exigence éthique dans la problématique du consentement à la recherche expérimentale impliquant des ±sujets¿ humains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24748/24748.pdf.
Full textBenjelloun, Mohamed Amine. ""Don et anonymat : la question des identités"." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5032/document.
Full textThrough our practice of child psychiatry and confronted with the lived of families concerned with the question of gametes or organs donation, it seems that numerous aporia related to donation and anonymity experiences have not been considered by medicine. If donation and anonymity have been central to medicine to the point that they have become principles, they have never been subjects of education or profound reflection. Philosophy and literature also bring some possible answers. Donation is a present without the presence, carrying with itself some abandonment, without reason, to someone who doesn't ask for anything, precisely because he would not know that he was given something. Anonymity gives an opportunity to fade away, just to be able to meet the other, closer. This obliteration starts from the very beginning. It aims at any founding trace, in order, paradoxically to allow the subject to approach in wandering and doubt a possible encounter with the unknown and the outside, far from an otherness that be only would be radical.Finally, the issue of organ donation, of gamete donation, of anonymity, forces us to rethink simultaneously the question of relationship and identity. The donor and recipient, meet and are necessarily immersed in the other's time: how to build a sphere for oneself and a sphere for the other, an intersubjectivity which would enable the communication between materials of different origin? How to recognize ego and alter, as ipseities? Concepts of narrative identity, entangled stories allow to pass over the question of anonymity. Anonymity would then protect identity. And better still, would allow for an ethical recognition to happen