Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éthier'
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Bekri, Meriem. "Biodégradation de l'Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether et stimulation de la croissance bactérienne par des co-substrats." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1486.
Full textEthyl tert-Butyl Ether is added to fuel to replace lead. Due to ils extensive use and ils physicochemical characteristics, ETBE can cause an environmental pollution. The aerobic degradation is known, but it results low cell yields and slow growth rates. The objective is to enhance this bacterial growth while maintaining the capacity to degrade ETBE. First, we used two aerobic lab-scale fixed bed reactors with ETBE addition in a gas phase and a direct aeration for the first bioreactor, and ETBE addition in the liquid phase with an indirect external aeration for the second one. ETBE is degraded in both bioreactors with 70% of enhancement of bacterial growth in the first one. Secondly, ETBE was degraded in batch culture in the presence of diverse carbon sources. The bacterial growth of ETBEdegrading consortia was enhanced 3 times more with addition of ethanol (l. 728d-1) than with ETBE alone (0. 504d-1), while maintaining ils ability to degrade ETBE
Bas, Corine. "Microstructure et propriétés thermomécaniques du poly(aryl éther éther cetone) (peek) amorphe et semi-cristallin." Chambéry, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CHAMS026.
Full textBenhalima, Abdelkader. "Synthèse des oligomères téléchéliques de poly(éther sulfones) et poly(éther cétones) pour des études de cristallisation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25375.
Full textThis thesis focuses on two main themes; synthesizing rigid telechelic oligomers of poly(ether sulfone) and poly(ether ketone) with controled molecular weight and low polydispersity that can be used in polycondensation with the aim of obtaining multiblock rigid-flexible copolymers for crystallisation investigation. The second theme is to study the crystallization capability of telechetic oligomers of poly(ether sulfone) and poly(ether ketone) by X-ray diffraction. Chapter one presents a review of the literature on the main methods used for the synthesis of rigid oligomers and the advances of the last decades in controlled rigid polymer polycondensation. The second chapter demonstrates the synthesis of telechelic oligomers of poly (ether sulfone) with a controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity. These oligomers have two functional end groups and can be precursors for rigid flexible copolymers. These polymers are characterized by proton (1H), carbon 13 (13C) and fluorine 19 (19F) NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (GPC), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction. In the third chapter, the synthesis, characterization and crystallization of new oligomers of ethersulfone was reported. In this chapter small oligomers containing four aromatic rings were synthesized to study their crystallization. Single crystals were obtained by crystallization from solution and cell parameters structure of one of these model compounds was determined by X-ray diffraction. This is compared to the X-ray powder diagram of poly(ethersulfone). The fourth chapter reports the synthesis and characterization of new generation of telechelic oligomers of poly(ether ketone) which are soluble in most of organic solvent, have controlled molecular weight and relatively low polydispersity. These oligomers contain reactive ends-groups at each end chain. Oligomer gives them crystallization ability, which can be studied in solution or from the melt. Crystallization of these oligomers in solution is reported in this chapter and investigated by X-ray diffraction.
Manteau, Baptiste. "Trifluoromethoxy bearing heterocycles : synthesis of and conversion into a building-block library by means of organometallic intermediates." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6270.
Full textMathieu, Alexandre. "Synthèse de calix[4]-éther-couronnes solubles dans l'eau." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13163.
Full textThe preparation of two series of p-sulfonated 1,2;3,4-calix[4]arene-biscrowns in the 1,2-alternate et cone conformation is reported. These compounds are of two types: symmetrical in which the two crown loops are the same and unsymmetrical in which the two loops are differents. Preliminary complexation studies by nmr show the importance of the conformation and of the size of the loops for the Cs+ complexation
Rodier, Jean-David. "Nouveaux copolymères biosourcés à blocs polytriméthylène éther pour applications cosmétiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI053.
Full textThe aim of this project is to prepare some new hydrophilic biobased copolyethers for cosmetic applications, similar to those of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Synthesis of polytrimethylene ether glycol (PTEG) which has a chemical structure close to the PEG was studied by polymerizing 1,3-propanediol (PDO) with sulfuric acid as catalyst. This acid catalyst is appropriate to promote the polymerization of PDO without excessive degradation. We tried to increase the solubility of PTEG in water by combining to PDO units hydrophilic monomers, such as isosorbide and glycerol, to the PDO units. We showed that etherification of isosorbide and PDO (or PTEG), in the presence of acid catalyst, gives new copolyethers structures, deeply characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. These copolyethers are preferably ended by isosorbide units due to different reactivity between isosorbide and PDO. The etherification of the PDO and glycerol with sulfuric acid results in a cross-linked and degraded product. Basic catalytic route favored the polymerization of glycerol on itself rather than the etherification on PDO units. We also grafted glycerol carbonate on PTEG oligomer but obtained a complex composition mixture rich in polyglycerol. The most promising products of the study are PDO and isosorbide copolyethers with a molar mass of 600 g/mol, obtained by etherification with sulfuric acid as catalyst. These copolyethers have chain ends constituted by isosorbide units, are water soluble and have a higher thermal stability compared to PTEG
Osegueda, Juan. "Synthèse et caractérisation de poly(aryl éther cétone amide)s." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0022/document.
Full textSome demanding applications (especially in aerospace) require more and more semi-crystalline thermostable polymers with high temperature resistance and durability (Tg above 170 °C) while maintaining good processing properties (Tm not exceeding 350°C) suitable for industrial manufacturing.This work deals with the synthesis and characterization of new high performance poly(aryl ether ketone amide)s polymers from an EKKE monomer with carboxylic acid extremities. Thus, three amide condensation synthetic routes were studied: between carboxylic acids and isocyanates, between acyl chlorides and amines, and between carboxylic acids and amines by phosphorylation. The thermal properties and their correlation with the chemical structures of the obtained aromatic and semi-aromatic poly(aryl ether ketone amide)s are compared and especially detailed
Belamri, Bachir. "Structures et réactivité à l'état solide de composés éther couronne-phénol." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10161.
Full textXie, Ming. "Sur la morphologie et les composites de copolymères éther bloc amide." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0013.
Full textAgati, Valérie. "Synthèse et réactivité des éthers alléniques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30073.
Full textHariri, Kamal. "Synthèses et Caractérisations de Dispersions de Polymères dans un Solvant Organique Polymérisable." Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0821.
Full textThe objective consisted in the preparation of a dispersion of polymer P1, from a monomer M1 in a polymerizable solvent M2, like a monomer or an telechelic oligomer. This requires that M1 and M2, miscibles or non miscibles initially, are polymerizables through two different methods. The system M1 / M2 vinylpyrrolidone (VP) / poly(dimethylsiloxane) diglycidyl ether (PDMS DGE) forms an oil-oil emulsion initially, which through radical polymerization from the VP leads to a poly(VP) dispersion in a PDMS DGE continuous phase, which is cross-linkable by a polyamine. The vinylacetate (AcV) / PDMS DGE system, homogenous at the beginning, leads through a precipitating free-radical polymerization to a poly(AcV) dispersion in a PDMS DGE phase. The 3rd one is a polyol-diisocyanate polycondensation in a PDMS DGE medium. Kinetics and granulometrics studies had been achieved for these 3 systems
Vaudreuil, Sébastien. "Interdiffusion du système polystyrène/poly(vinyl méthyl éther) mesurée par ATR-FTIR." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/MQ42033.pdf.
Full textSutter, Marc. "Nouvelles méthodes d'accès aux éthers de glycérol." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10207/document.
Full textIn recent years, sustainable development brought unprecedented changes in industrial and academic researches. The use of raw materials from renewable resources is one of the most outstanding aspects of these changes. The development of original processes, with recyclable catalytic systems, new chemical transformations as well as new solvents with a lower environmental impact are of growing interest, because of environmental and economical profits. The research work described in this thesisis focused on the development of new accesses to glyceryl ethers as high value added coumpounds.Thus, several processes were developed by using glycerol as accessible and bio-based starting material from the oleochemical industry. First, we found a benign and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of1-O-alkyl glyceryl ethers by catalytic reductive alkylation of carboxylic acids with a recyclable catalytic system associating palladium on carbon and an acid ion exchange resin. A second two steps procedure was also developed when starting from a vegetable oil or a methyl ester, which was transesterified to the corresponding monoglyceride followed by its reduction by catalytic hydrogenation. We report also a straight forward and palladium catalyzed dehydrogenative alkylation of cyclohexanone derivatives with alcohols, including glycerol, and amines in order to prepare avariety or aryl ethers and aryl amines. Finally, we prepared new aprotic and glycerol-based solvents bya solvent-free phase-transfer catalysis. In particular, the toxicity of 1,2,3-trimethoxypropane and its utilization as alternative solvent in chemical transformations was evaluated
Lacroix, Jean-François. "Conception de catalyseur pour la carboxylation du diméthyle éther assistée par calculs DFT." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5403.
Full textFranbourg, Alain. "Influence d'un traitement à l'état fondu sur la structure cristalline et les propriétés mécaniques du poly(oxymethylène) et du poly(éther éther cétone) : relations : mise en oeuvre par injection/structure/propriétés." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10091.
Full textLusiak-Soonekindt, Carole. "Les relations éthico-sociales : nouveaux ébranlements, nouvelles institutionnalisations." Lille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL30029.
Full textThe help relation seems to be facing new limits : new vulnerabilities are convening it. It seems to be summoned to think new sufferings, new unbinding, new shakings that hurt the subjectivity of the individual. To re-institute relations becomes the condition for sujectiving dynamics. The diagnostic which drives us to this conclusion is built on the one hand on the necessity to think out wounded relations, (involved or crippled), and on the other hand it leans on understanding the specific way of considering the relational systems set up to answer the vulnerabilities and the situations of breaking off. As new shakings and new dislocations of the relationships point out vulnerability, this latter bears witness to the "de-subjectivating" effects of the technical and managerial approach on the human being in his environment. This approach which focuses on the utility of relations forgets the relations when they are of use to human beings looking for real life. That's why the philosophy of the care we explain here tries to locate ethico-social relations, in the very problem of attachments. To take care of attachments consists in organizing the links between attachment, friendship, and network, according to terms we wanted to identify
Iftene, Fadela. "Nouveaux monomères et (co)polymères éthers vinyliques phosphonés." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0006/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is the synthesis of new vinyl ethers monomers bearing phosphonate groups, in order to study their efficiency as flame retardants. Phosphorus products are known to be a good alternative to halogenated flame retardants, which are involved in environmental problems. Initially, the synthesis of phosphonated vinyl ethers was performed by trans-etherification of ethylvinyl ether in the presence of phosphonated alcohols. Then, the radical copolymerization (A/D) was used to prepare copolymers based on phosphonated vinyl ether and various electron-accepting monomers. Kinetic studies by real-time Infrared and several methods of analyzes were used to characterize these copolymers. In a second step, the radical photocopolymerization of 2-dimethylvinyloxyethylphosphonate was led with a series of electron-accepting monomers, for instance maleimides which form strong complexes with vinyl ethers. The cationic photopolymerization of these phosphonated vinyl ethers is also possible and affords better results than radical photopolymerization. An assessment of all phosphonated polymers was performed in order to test their performances as flame retardants. Thermogravimetric and microcalorimetric characterizations showed good amount of released residues showing that these copolymers are good candidates as flame retardants
Dougnier, François. "Synthèse et caractérisation de zéolithes du type FAU et EMT de rapports Si/Al supérieurs à trois : utilisation de molécules structurantes avec des fonctions éthoxy." Mulhouse, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MULH0289.
Full textHallou-Beddiar, Zoulikha. "Procédé discontinu appliqué à la synthèse des éthers couronnés." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD380.
Full textBeaune, Olivia. "Préparation de copolymères maléides-éthers vinyliques en série fluorée." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20187.
Full textSantini, Vanina. "Synthèses d'acridinones 4,5-disubstituées, éthers couronnés et autres macrocycles." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30040.
Full textBureau, Charles. "Conversion du méthanol en éther di-méthylique et de ce dernier en acétate de méthyle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/392.
Full textBonfand, Eric. "Premières synthèses de 2-sulfinylalcadiènes énantiopurs : réactivité et application à la préparation du (-)-karahana éther." Le Mans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LEMA1020.
Full textMoreira, navarro Luis. "Supramolecular crown ether containing donor-acceptor ensembles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF060.
Full textIn order to gain a better understanding of the key step of the photosynthetic system (formation of a charged separated stated), a series of new supramolecular crown ether containing donnor-aceptor ensembles have been obtained.Notably we have gained further insight in the nature of π-π stacking between C60 and porphyrins (arising from a process mainly governed by van der Waals forces) and the affinity of crown ethers towards fullerenes(arising from an interplay of π-π, n-π and CH-π interactions). The properties of porphyrin arrays have been explored, evidencing the electronic communication through subunits. Finally, the chelate cooperativity of one our systems has also been assessed through the effective molarity
Borel, Simon. "L’axiomatique des réseaux : entre réalités sociales et impensés éthico-politiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100157/document.
Full textAs a result mainly of the increasing weight of Internet, especially in the last decade, it has become more and more acknowledged that the world appears as a gigantic network. The network phenomenon becomes into view as the archetypal contemporary total social fact, theorized and surrounded by researchers, essayists, activists, prophets, each of them pursuing its own agenda. Some academics appreciate the network as the "world society" in gestation. Others, on the contrary, see the emergence of networks as a vector towards the disappearance of communal world, and also of progressive decivilization and desymbolization. Those who appear as the prophets and heralds of networks believe that the world’s salvation lays in the democratic, solidaristic and donatist virtues of the connected multitudes in their common struggle against the world privatization and merchandization.Despite their antagonisms, these approaches converge on the idea that a very large virtual global society, where remote social relationships and communication immediateness are the rule, is in the making. Nevertheless, the interpretations of this digital sociality are too diverse and contradictory to help us distinguishing the part of reality they encompass, and what actually derives from ideology, prophecy and/or catastrophism. In this respect, the networks' axiomatic is confronted to two fundamental lacks, which need to be further explored: the relationship between virtual sociality and face-to-face relations and institutional mediations on the one hand; and the exploration of virtuous or harmful digital relations characteristic, not intrinsically speaking, but in the relationships it maintains with contemporary neo-liberal and “parcellitarian” (propensity towards explosion, atomization and fragmentation of societies) shapes in the other hand. This thesis therefore questions the degree of reality of this new sociality, and the status of reticular individualism or, more specifically, the shape which the figure of the individual take between emancipation through networks as proclaimed by some observers (recognition of authenticity and self-realization), and the alienation to them as decried by others (tyrannies of visibility and permanent connectivity). The question of emancipation (subjective and collective) drives us to question the place of giving in the dynamics of the current virtual sociality between subsistence of the spirit of giving, revitalization or even radicalization, and, via its generalization in the current “parcellitairian” shape, demolition and “depotentialization”
Jennequin, Thomas. "Alkylations stéréosélectives en α des éthers d'oxime : méthode et applications." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S112.
Full textThe present work deals with the development of the first method of stereocontrol α-alkylation of oxime ether. We first investigated the use of a chiral terpene oxime ether derivative in order to control the alkylation. Afterwards, we studied the possibility to apply our methodology to a wide range of substrates. We then focused on the assessment of our approach to the development of a new synthetic pathway to PGD₂ receptor antagonists intermediates. In the course of our study we also synthesized new chiral γ-aminoalcohols, which were used as ligands in various chiral catalytic reactions
Durand, Morgan. "Propriétés physico-chimiques, fonctionnelles et applicatives des éthers courts d’isosorbide." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10196/document.
Full textIn the last past years, an increasing awareness of the hazards linked to the use of solvents has strengthened the regulation and forced to optimize their use. This evolution entailed an increasing interest for bio-solvents, i.e. solvents from renewable materials and with good health and environmental properties. In this context, isosorbide, a diol obtained by the double deshydratation of sorbitol, might be valuable synthon for the design of a wide range of molecules and polymers. The short isosorbide diethers (_ 5 carbones per alkyl chain), as they are biosourced and liquid at ambient temperature, are potentialy promising solvents, that is why they have been studied. The monomethyl isosorbides (-endo et -exo forms) have also been evaluated, as they are the main impurities of the commercial dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), the most promising compound of this solvents family. The physicochemical, functional and applicative properties that are necessary to the characterization and the use of new solvents have been assessed : the thermo-physical properties (vapor pressure, vaporization enthalpy), the optical and electrical properties (refractive index, dielectric constant, dipole moment), the functional properties (viscosity, partition coefficient, Kamlet et Taft solvatochromic parameters) have been measured. The environmental, health and safety profile of DMI has been determined and compared to common solvents, allowing the evaluation of its "greenness". As DMI is fully miscible with water, its physicochemical properties in aqueous solutions have been studied as well, and have enlightened a self-aggregation of DMI within a large concentration range.A solvent design process has then been developped in order to estimate the potential use of these new solvents. A novel approach for the classification of solvents has been proposed, based solely on the solvent molecular structure and relying on the "COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents" (COSMO-RS) in which solvents are considered in their liquid state. This approach has allowed the classification of 152 solvents into 10 classes without requiring the knowledge of any experimental data. The approach has been applied to DMI and allowed to find some potential applications that have been evaluated, among which the use of DMI as fluxing agent for bitumen composition, coalescing agent for water-borne paints, solvent for paint strippers, solvent for ink removal, or coupling agent for the formulation of liquid detergents
Lemée, Valérie. "Réactivité de systèmes photosensibles pour des réactions de polymérisation." Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0497.
Full textDahan, Amy. "Aspects de la mathematisation aux xixeme siecle. Entre physique mathematique du continu et mecanique moleculaire, la voie d'a-l. Cauchy." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT2072.
Full textTheil, Agnès. "Etudes sur la synthèse de phosphines macrocycliques chirales à motif éther-couronne et de caténanes phosphorés." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066417.
Full textMalandain, Cédric. "Les gènes ETH responsables de l’oxydation de l’éthyl TERT-Butyl éther (ETBE) : fonctionnalité, régulation et application." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10300.
Full textFrançois, Alan. "Dégradation d'un composé xénobiotique récalcitrant : métabolisme du méthyl tert-butyl éther (MTBE) par mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005701.
Full textMinguet, Sébastien. "Nouveaux ligands bifonctionnels potentiellement hémilabiles de type phosphite-phosphonate ou phosphite-éther : : synthèse et évaluation en catalyse." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S026.
Full textFrançois, Alan. "Dégradation d'un composé xénobiotique récalcitrant : métabolisme du méthyl tert-butyl éther (MTBE) par mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0041.
Full textMethyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is introduced up to 15% (vol/vol) in gasoline in order to obtain a good octane number and to prevent carbon monoxide emissions. However, as a consequence of storage tanks leakage, MTBE became one of the major pollutants of aquifers because of its very low biodegradability. The present study aimed at investigating the biodegradation of MTBE by Mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012. The MTBE metabolic pathway was partially elucidated owing to the identification of some intermediates (tert-butyl formate (TBF), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), a-hydroxyisobutyrique acid and acetone) and some enzymatic activities (MTBE/TBA monooxygenase (non hemic and inducible), TBF esterase, 2-propanol : NDMA oxydoreductase and another monooxygenase involved in acetone degradation). The involvement of TBF and the requirement of cobalt could be explanations for the low natural attenuation of MTBE ; whereas the methoxy group does not seem to be implicated
Cappellari, Marco. "Influence des éthers de cellulose sur la rhéologie des mortiers projetés." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0003.
Full textMachinery rendering mortars are characterized by a highly complex mix-design, due to several requirements related to their placement process that need to be fulfilled. It is therefore a challenge to characterize their rheological properties. Indeed they display most of the features encountered in the field of soft matter. We consider the influence of several mix-design parameters on most of the fresh state properties of the mortars. However the main focus is the impact of organic thickening admixtures, in particular cellulose ethers (CE), on the rheological behavior. These admixtures are used for their water retention capacity, yet they have also a high impact on the rheological properties. CEs significantly increase the consistency, while their effect on the yield stress is more complex: when increasing CE dosage rate the yield stress first increases, and then decreases beyond a critical dosage rates. The impact of CE on the mortar rheological behavior is discussed in relationship to its effect on the properties of the interstitial aqueous solution. The associative feature of the CE polymer is particular referred to explain our results. Several parameters that may affect this property are considered. Small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology is used to probe mechanically the influence of CEs on the microstructure of the mortar. By comparing the effect of different thickening admixtures on the viscoelastic properties of the mortars a clear correlation between these properties and water retention is established. The more the admixture introduces viscous dissipation as compared to elasticity into the system, the more it increases its water retention capacity
Piekarski, Dominique. "Mode d'action phytotoxique de certains herbicides, type nitrodiphénylethers." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112361.
Full textThéry, Hétreux Raphaële. "Analyse de faisabilité, synthèse et conception de procédés de distillation réactive." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT023G.
Full textLopes, Ferreira Nicolas. "Catabolisme du méthyl tert-butyl éther (MTBE) : caractérisation des enzymes impliquées dans la dégradation du MTBE chez Mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INAP0015.
Full textMahdar, Elkbir. "Réactivité à l'état solide en relation avec l'organisation cristalline : application à des composés éther 18-couronne-6 - phénols." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10105.
Full textYaacoub, Saly. "Etude de couches hybrides photopolymérisables de type vinyl éther silane : Application à la fabrication de composants optiques intégrés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20175/document.
Full textIn the last few years, organic-inorganic hybrid materials were particularly attractive for integrated optical circuits. Hybrid network could be prepared by the formation of inorganic and organic network simultaneously through sol-gel technique and photopolymerization process.A composition based on [2-(3, 4 epoxycyclohexylethyltrimethoxysilane)] has already allowed the fabrication of optical integrated devices. The organic polymerization is on a cationic way. Results show the contributions of OH and aliphatic CH groups to the attenuation in the third telecommunication window located at 1,55 µm.The main objective of this work is to remove this difficulty by developing a new generation of hybrid materials with a very high reactivity and low amount of groups involved in the attenuation. We have chosen vinyl ether function as an organic part because of their well known high polymerization rates via cationic way which are faster than the epoxide function and which lead to no OH groups generation and a very low aliphatic CH groups introduction.In this work, we study the dual functional structure of a new vinyl ether alkoxysilane hybrid precursor. Firstly, hydrolysis and polycondensation of vinyl ether based solution are followed by liquid and solid Si-NMR spectroscopy. The kinetic reaction is followed as a function of time, temperature and pH of the water involved in the hydrolysis, in order to obtain the highest reactive multifunctional oligomer and the lowest OH groups. Secondly, results of the cationic photopolymerization of vinyl ether- based monomers are also reported, using middle infrared spectroscopy. In the presence of diaryliodonium photoinitator, the photopolymerization is studied by monitoring the absorption band of vinyl ether double bond before and after irradiation. The cationic photopolymerization occurs rapidly upon UV-exposure and vinyl ether monomers proved to be very effective monomers. Using near infrared spectroscopy, results show promising attenuation for the use of this material in integrated optic at 1,31 µmand 1,55 µm
Gueguinou, Maxime. "Complexe canalaires KCa/Ca sensibles aux éther-lipides : régulation de la signalisation calcique dans la migration de cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4032.
Full textIn most cases of cancer, metastasis and not the primary tumor per se is the main cause of mortality. To establish secondary growth in distant organs cancer cells must develop an enhanced propensity to migrate. The key objective of this thesis proposes that some actors of Ca2+ signaling (Orai, and TRPC, STIM) coupled to SK3 channel would form complexes that play a critical role in cell migration of various cancers (breast, colon and prostate). Furthermore we showed that the localization of these channels complexes in lipid-rafts is essential to their regulation and function. Thus, the delocalization of these complexes of lipid-raft outside by alkyl-phospholipids could be a new way to modulate the SK3/Ca2+ dependent cell migration and metastasis development
Déré, Anne-Claire. "La mise en évidence du rôle chimique de l'oxygène du XVIIIème au XIXème : faits et concepts : l'évolution du concept d'oxydo-réduction et son adaptation à la chimie organique : les huiles, principe de combustibilité." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2087.
Full textBigot, Sandra. "Télomérisation du butadiène par le glycérol en milieu aqueux et organique : synthèse d’éthers à chaînes octadiényle et butényle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10062/document.
Full textGlycerol has always been a well-known renewable chemical for centuries. Its production has considerably increased during the last decade with the one of biodiesel due to their common origin from plant oils. Thus the development of new technologies for the conversion of biodiesel into value added products is of great interest. In this context, we have focused our attention on the telomerisation of butadiene with glycerol.Telomerisation of butadiene catalysed by palladium leads mainly to the formation of octadienylethers, but butenylethers can also be obtained generally in small proportions. This reaction has been particularly well studied in order to produce octadienylethers from simple alcohols, sugars and polyols. Moreover, until now butenylethers has been selectively synthesized only from simple alcohols like methanol with nickel or palladium catalysts.Our study relates to selective synthesis of glycerol ethers (mono, di and tri which are octadienylethers or butenylethers) while varying several reaction parameters: ligands, solvents effects, bases, catalytic precursor…
Cruz, Morales Victor. "Etude de la transformation du diméthyléther en olfines légères sur la zéolithe ZSM 5." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30012.
Full textPourchez, Jérémie. "Aspects physico-chimiques de l'interaction des éthers de cellulose avec la matrice cimentaire." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122935.
Full textPour ce faire, le mode d'action de l'éther de cellulose sur la cinétique d'hydratation du ciment a été élucidé. Contrairement à la masse moléculaire du polymère, le degré de substitution des groupements greffés sur la molécule est le paramètre clef. En outre, les éthers de cellulose apparaissent très stables en milieu alcalin. Ainsi, les produits de dégradation de type carboxylate sont en trop faible concentration pour induire le retard d'hydratation constaté. Finalement, il apparaît que les éthers de cellulose ont un impact mineur sur la dissolution des différentes phases anhydres. Au contraire, ces adjuvants présentent un effet important sur la germination-croissance de certains hydrates comme les hydroaluminates de calcium, l'hydrosilicate de calcium et la portlandite.
Chatelain, Thierry. "Etude de l'association "cations alcalins-molécules à fonction éther" pour la synthèse de zéolithes à rapport Si/Al>3." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0460.
Full textConstantin, François. "Mélanges Thermoplastique / Thermodurcissable à base d'époxy permettant la mise en oeuvre et la post-réticulation d'un poly(hydroxy-amino-éther)." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0097/these.pdf.
Full textThis work aims at studying Thermoplastic/DGEBA epoxy (Diglycidyl ether of Bipshenol-A) Thermoset blends based on a new poly(hydroxy-amino-ether), called BLOX. The introduction of the epoxy monomer in the thermoplastic thanks to an extruder has two main advantages. – The TP processability of is increased because the DGEBA/BLOX viscosity is lower than the TP one. Blends are miscible over the entire BLOX concentration. – They are post-crosslinkable when heating, with or without hardener. Without, etherification reactions appear and with hardeners, reactions of BLOX epoxy end-chains on the growing epoxy network lead to transparent samples. Initial properties of the blend and final ones of the network are discussed with the thermoplastic content and the industrial applications
Ben-Brik, Eric. "Toxicité des ethers et éthers-esters de glycol sur la reproduction humaine masculine en milieu professionnel." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N097.
Full textBackground : glycol ethers are organic solvents that are present in a large number of substances for professional and domestic use. They are divided into two families : ethylene glycol and propylene glycol derivatives. Most of them are metabolised in alkoxyacetaldehydes ( AALD ) and in alkoxyacetic acids ( AAA ), which are found in the urines and responsable for their toxicity. Ethylene glycol derivatives have been gradually replaced by propylene glycol derivatives, which are less toxic. In the animal, testicular toxicity of some glycol ethers ( mainly ethylene glycol methyl ether or EGME and ethylene glycol ethyl etheror EGEE, two ethylene glycol derivatives ) had been found since 1979
Oviawe, Amowie Philip. "Modélisation de l'hydroliquéfaction du charbon : Influence des catalyseurs sur la décomposition du benzylphénylether en présence de solvants hydroaromatiques." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10078.
Full textPavlenko, Ekaterina. "Probing interaction and dispersion of carbon nanotubes in metal and polymer matrices." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2586/.
Full textThe incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into polymers and metals modifies their intrinsic properties. Dispersing CNTs uniformly in a matrix remains challenging due to strong tube agglomeration. Raman spectroscopy is a compelling technique to detect the presence of CNTs and their interaction with the environment. In this work, Raman spectroscopy is applied in association with other techniques to investigate CNTs in a metallic or polymer matrix. Doping with superacids, analysis of defects in friction wear and CNT dispersion are investigated. Statistical analysis of Raman images are used to generate histograms of Raman bands maps in order to estimate the amount of CNTs and their dispersion. The diffusion of a Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) PEEK thermoplastic polymer into agglomerated carbon nanotubes when annealing on the surface of a polymer sheet is studied by Raman imaging and transmission electron microscopy. Electronic transport measurements as a function of temperature and CNT concentration show high electrical conductivity consistent with the formation of a uniform percolating CNT network