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1
Sharma, Prakash. "Continuing Legal Education: Rethinking Professional Ethics and Responsibility in India." Asian Journal of Legal Education 5, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2322005818775439.
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The declining standards in legal profession, coupled with loss of public trust and confidence, call for emphasis on a deeper understanding of professional ethics among lawyers and perhaps articulate a different notion of professional responsibility that extends beyond the standards of professional conduct and etiquette for lawyers. The 266th Report of Law Commission of India highlighted the need to structure legal education and to bring ethical standards in legal profession. In this regard, the article proposes to mandate continuing legal education (CLE) for legal professionals. The purpose of introduction of CLE programme is to emphasize upon the quality of advocacy. Further, it was to implement the concept of professional responsibility, which provides that a lawyer should represent a client competently. In this regard, CLE programme might help lawyers to re-inform, re-imagine and reconstruct the legal profession in India in ethical and responsible ways. This article discusses the considerations and the process that must led to the adoption of the CLE plan.
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Curtis, David S. "Professional Regulation and Accountability in Forestry." Forestry Chronicle 66, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc66328-4.
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Professional forestry organizations have a unique mandate to monitor and regulate the quality of forestry being practised in Canada. However, an inability or a reluctance by these organizations to fulfill this mandate coupled with increasing public concern over poor forestry practices could lead to other forms of regulation. This, in turn, could result in a decrease in the influence of foresters as a profession over the regulation of forestry practices.Professional self-regulation is one method of regulating a profession. Licencing schemes, which require a person to be registered before being able to practise, are generally more effective than certification schemes, which merely identify that members have met certain standards of training.Of the five professional forestry organizations in Canada, two are licensing-type organizations, while three are certification-type organizations.The roles of self-governing professional groups can include establishing and enforcing standards of conduct and practice, and discipline of members who fail to meet the prescribed standards. Where employer instructions conflict with professional ethics or standards, foresters should advise that they are unable to carry out the instructions. In this way, foresters, not employers, should hold the primary role in determining the quality of forestry practised in Canada.It is recommended that professional forestry organizations be licensing-type organizations, and develop and actively enforce high standards of conduct. Support must be provided for members who endeavour to live up to those standards.
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Varley-Winter, Olivia, and Hetan Shah. "The opportunities and ethics of big data: practical priorities for a national Council of Data Ethics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2083 (December 28, 2016): 20160116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0116.
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In order to generate the gains that can come from analysing and linking big datasets, data holders need to consider the ethical frameworks, principles and applications that help to maintain public trust. In the USA, the National Science Foundation helped to set up a Council for Big Data, Ethics and Society, of which there is no equivalent in the UK. In November 2015, the Royal Statistical Society convened a workshop of 28 participants from government, academia and the private sector, and discussed the practical priorities that might be assisted by a new Council of Data Ethics in the UK. This article draws together the views from that meeting. Priorities for policy-makers and others include seeking a public mandate and informing the terms of the social contract for use of data; building professional competence and due diligence on data protection; appointment of champions who are competent to address public concerns; and transparency, across all dimensions. For government data, further priorities include improvements to data access, and development of data infrastructure. In conclusion, we support the establishment of a national Data Ethics Council, alongside wider and deeper engagement of the public to address data ethics dilemmas. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The ethical impact of data science’.
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Birgden, Astrid, and Heather Cucolo. "The Treatment of Sex Offenders." Sexual Abuse 23, no. 3 (October 11, 2010): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063210381412.
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Public policy is necessarily a political process with the law and order issue high on the political agenda. Consequently, working with sex offenders is fraught with legal and ethical minefields, including the mandate that community protection automatically outweighs offender rights. In addressing community protection, contemporary sex offender treatment is based on management rather than rehabilitation. We argue that treatment-as-management violates offender rights because it is ineffective and unethical. The suggested alternative is to deliver treatment-as-rehabilitation underpinned by international human rights law and universal professional ethics. An effective and ethical community–offender balance is more likely when sex offenders are treated with respect and dignity that, as human beings, they have a right to claim.
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Crook, G. W. "Advocacy and licensing: Essential tools for professional foresters' associations — Case study of the Ordre des ingénieurs forestiers du Québec." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73233-2.
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The Ordre des ingénieurs forestiers du Québec has for 75 years played a key role in building the public's awareness of forests and of the practice of professional forestry, and in safeguarding the public interest in the resource. Two primary drivers are behind the organization's success : a long-standing advocacy policy and licensing. As a professional association that has been given the right to exclusive practice, it is legally bound to place as its highest priority the protection of the public good. This necessitates an inspection, discipline, and continuing education program for its members to ensure their competency. Also, the Order has the mandate of ensuring that foresters are not impeded in their professional practice. Its advocacy and communications mandate is closely linked to its role, specified in its Code of Ethics, to protect the public by speaking out on forestry-related issues. The Order has thus been able to rise above partisan issues and base its position statements and policies on the reservoir of expertise that it collectively represents. The result has been the promotion of professional forestry for the public good, and the Order taking a leadership role as the conscience of forestry in Quebec.
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Schwell, Alexandra. "When Worlds Collide: Negotiating Work Ethics on the German–Polish Border." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 31, no. 2 (April 19, 2017): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325416643163.
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This article is part of the special section titled From the Iron Curtain to the Schengen Area, guest edited by Wolfgang Mueller and Libora Oates-Indruchová. The cooperation between German and Polish border police from the middle of the 1990s to 2007 is characterized by a striking paradox: border guards on both sides claim their working styles are incompatible with one another while in most cases they cooperate very well. Yet, as this article argues, the border guards employ strategies of boundary-drawing and self-staging that help them cope with the asymmetry they encounter when cooperating with the “other.” German and Polish border guards develop informal strategies of action and communication that rest upon a joint professional culture, leading to mutual trust and solidarity and a congruence of subjective professional honor and official mandate. Yet, this win–win situation runs the risk of emphasizing police-cultural aspects that focus on security while leaving the underlying East–West asymmetry untouched.
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Scherer, Anika, Bernd Alt-Epping, Friedemann Nauck, and Gabriella Marx. "Team members perspectives on conflicts in clinical ethics committees." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2019): 2098–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019829857.
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Background: Clinical ethics committees have been broadly implemented in university hospitals, general hospitals and nursing homes. To ensure the quality of ethics consultations, evaluation should be mandatory. Research question/aim: The aim of this article is to evaluate the perspectives of all people involved and the process of implementation on the wards. Research design and participants: The data were collected in two steps: by means of non-participating observation of four ethics case consultations and by open-guided interviews with 28 participants. Data analysis was performed according to grounded theory. Ethical considerations: The study received approval from the local Ethics Commission (registration no.: 32/11/10). Findings: ‘Communication problems’ and ‘hierarchical team conflicts’ proved to be the main aspects that led to ethics consultation, involving two factors: unresolvable differences arise in the context of team conflicts on the ward and unresolvable differences prevent a solution being found. Hierarchical asymmetries, which are common in the medical field, support this vicious circle. Based on this, minor or major disagreements regarding clinical decisions might be seen as ethical conflicts. The expectation on the clinical ethics committee is to solve this (communication) problem, but the participants experienced that hierarchy is maintained by the clinical ethics committee members. Discussion: The asymmetrical structures of the clinical ethics committee reflect the institutional hierarchical nature. They endure, despite the fact that the clinical ethics committee should be able to detect and overcome them. Disagreements among care givers are described as one of the most difficult ethically relevant situations and should be recognised by the clinical ethics committee. On the contrary, discussion of team conflicts and clinical ethical issues should not be combined, since the first is a mandate for team supervision. Conclusion: To avoid dominance by physicians and an excessively factual character of the presentation, the case or conflict could be presented by both physicians and nurses, a strategy that strengthens the interpersonal and emotional aspects and also integrates both professional perspectives.
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Giroud, Sandrine, and Charles Boudry. "Art Lawyers’ Due Diligence Obligations: A Difficult Equilibrium between Law and Ethics." International Journal of Cultural Property 22, no. 2-3 (August 2015): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739115000193.
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Abstract:This article examines the duties of diligence of lawyers when handling art-related matters. Due diligence is paramount to any activity in the art market and a key element in ascertaining ownership, authenticity or provenance. In particular, it is a benchmark to help determine the existence of possible criminal activities, including money laundering, terrorism financing or document forgery, to which the art market is regularly exposed. The question arises as to the obligations incumbent to art lawyers who are privileged witnesses of the functioning of the art market. Such obligations include in particular the duty to enquire on the particularities of a transaction, the duty to terminate a mandate or the duty to report any suspicious transaction under threat of civil or criminal sanctions. A survey has shown that art law specialists would welcome more guidance in the form of tailored regulations or professional guidelines.
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Furrow, Barry R. "Pain Management and Provider Liability: No More Excuses." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 29, no. 1 (2001): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2001.tb00038.x.
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Pain is undertreated in the American health-care system at all levels: physician offices, hospitals, long-term care facilities. The result is needless suffering for patients, complications that cause further injury or death, and added costs in treatment overall. The health-care system's failure to respond to patient pain needs corrective action. Excuses for such shortcomings are simply not acceptable any longer.Physicians have long been accused of poor pain management for their patient. The term “opiophobia” has been coined to describe this remarkable clinical aversion to the proper use of opioids to control pain. If the professional mandate of the health-care professional is to relieve suffering, then physicians are falling far short of their obligations by accepting myths about the use of opioids in the face of evidence to the contrary.
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Waite, Roberta, and Deena Nardi. "Understanding Racism as a Historical Trauma That Remains Today: Implications for the Nursing Profession." Creative Nursing 27, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/crnr-d-20-00067.
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In order to promote health equity and support the human rights mandate contained in the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, the nursing profession must understand historically the creation of race, white supremacy in the United States, and entrenched racial terror and brutality toward black and brown racialized populations. Considering the limited racial diversity in the nursing profession despite its stated mission to increase diversity, the profession must build a path to understanding antiblack racism as a historical trauma that remains to this day, a path that encompasses antiracist ideology. Antiracism education is critically needed at the pre-professional and professional levels, for nursing students, providers, educators, administrators, and researchers to inform our own understanding of bias within the contexts of our educational and health-care systems. Dismantling racism requires an enduring commitment to the ultimate goal of social justice for ourselves, our patients, and our communities. This article presents antiracism actions that nurses should employ to dismantle racism, focusing primarily on personal-level initiatives, with self-work as the starting point.
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Davies, Ben, and Joshua Parker. "Doctors as Appointed Fiduciaries: A Supplemental Model for Medical Decision-Making." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 31, no. 1 (January 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096318012100044x.
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AbstractHow should we respond to patients who do not wish to take on the responsibility and burdens of making decisions about their own care? In this paper, we argue that existing models of decision-making in modern healthcare are ill-equipped to cope with such patients and should be supplemented by an “appointed fiduciary” model where decision-making authority is formally transferred to a medical professional. Healthcare decisions are often complex and for patients can come at time of vulnerability. While this does not undermine their capacity, it can be excessively burdensome. Most existing models of decision-making mandate that patients with capacity must retain ultimate responsibility for decisions. An appointed fiduciary model provides a formalized mechanism through which those few patients who wish to defer responsibility can hand over decision-making authority. By providing a formal structure for deferring to an appointed fiduciary, the confusions and risks of the informal transfers that can occur in practice are avoided. Finally, we note how appropriate governance and law can provide safeguards against risks to the welfare of patients and medical professionals.
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Amlie, Thomas T. "Do As We Say, Not As We Do: Teaching Ethics In The Modern College Classroom." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v3i12.969.
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In the past decade, there has been an increasing level of distress over the perceived lack of ethics exhibited by members of the accounting profession. This distress has resulted in a call for a greater emphasis on ethics coverage as part of a college-level accounting education. However, one could argue that the various organizations that are leading these calls, and the academic institutions which are charged with implementing this enhanced ethical education, often suffer from ethical failings of their own. The purpose of this paper is to examine the degree to which these organizations “practice what they preach.” Recent history is rife with examples of ethical shortcomings on the part of accounting professionals; Enron, Worldcom, and Tyco come to mind as examples which have received extensive media coverage. The resultant public concern over ethics in accounting has led several governmental and professional bodies to mandate or promote codes of ethical conduct. The Congress of the United States, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and other bodies have all made public pronouncements which explicitly insist upon the importance of ethical behavior. Similarly, many education-related organizations (i.e., universities and accrediting bodies) have taken the position that education in ethics is an essential part of any college-level education. Finally, although the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which formulates generally accepted accounting practices for commercial firms in the United States, has not made an explicit statement regarding the importance of ethics, the standards which they promulgate are the measure of what is and is not adequate financial disclosure. Since a failure to follow generally accepted accounting principles is usually thought of as misleading and hence, an ethical violation, it could be argued that the FASB is, in fact, charged with “codifying” ethical behavior as far as financial disclosure is concerned. All of the organizations mentioned above can be criticized, to some extent, for ethical failings of their own. Political bodies, such as the Congress and the Securities and Exchange Commission, can often be accused of bowing to special interests and entities which enforce codes of ethics (whether the AICPA in accounting or the American Bar Association in the legal profession or the AMA in the medical profession) are often justly accused of turning a blind eye to all but the most egregious behavior of their members. The FASB, while ostensibly independent, is also subject to pressures in its standard setting process. Finally, the educational establishment has exhibited ethical shortcomings of its own. These problems run from well-publicized institution-wide problems in discrimination and college athletics down to the individual class and faculty member who engages in less-than-ethical behaviors. The paper will examine the recent ethical failings in business and the resultant calls for greater ethical behavior on the part of the accounting profession. A brief summary of some of the literature related to ethical education and development will then be presented. After this, the behaviors of the various regulatory, standard setting and educational institutions will be examined to determine the extent to which their individual behaviors coincide with their stated positions on ethical behavior and the degree to which these behaviors match the standards that we are encouraged to teach to our students.
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Garnett, Stephen T., Kerstin K. Zander, Shannon Hagerman, Terre A. Satterfield, and Jürgen Meyerhoff. "Social preferences for adaptation measures to conserve Australian birds threatened by climate change." Oryx 52, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316001058.
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AbstractDebate about climate change adaptation for biodiversity, and the ethics and consequences of assisted colonization in particular, has polarized professional opinion but the views of the wider community are unknown. We tested four hypotheses about the acceptability of adaptation strategies among a sample of the Australian general public using a combination of direct questions and a choice experiment. We found that (1) among the 80% who wanted extinction avoided, increased in situ management of wild populations was preferred to captive breeding or assisted colonization, (2) preferences for adaptation strategies were not explained by gender, income, education or knowledge about birds, (3) genetically distinctive taxa were not actively preferred, (4) > 60% of respondents were content for conservation managers to make decisions about strategies rather than local communities or the general public. The results provide Australian policy makers with a mandate to bolster efforts to retain existing populations but suggest that assisted colonization and captive breeding could be accepted if essential.
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Setyowati, Herning. "The Judges Ethics and Justice: An Analysis of Law Enforcement in Indonesian Court System." Law Research Review Quarterly 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v7i4.48183.
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Technical skills education in the field of law that neglects the aspect relating to the responsibility of a person to the person entrusted to him and his profession in general and the values and ethical measures that should be guidelines in carrying out his profession will only produce skilled handyman in the field of law and his profession. Such circumstances not only make the clinical education incomplete because the prospective member of the profession does not know how he should use his acquired technical skills. In fact, it is no exaggeration to say that technical skills education without the education of professional and ethical responsibility is dangerous. In general, it can be said that every profession puts the expert concerned in a special circumstance, both because of the extraordinary powers entrusted to him (such as judges and prosecutors) as well as the fate of the interested person entrusted to him (in the case of the defense). When viewed in the framework of law enforcement as a matter of public interest, that responsibility is essentially also a trust mandate concerning public interest (public trust). It is undeniable that certain positions or professions have special positions or duties because they are subject to more severe conditions than are generally applicable for good practice rather than their duties or functions and the protection of those concerned.
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Evans, Ian M., and Mahalia K. Paewai. "Functional Analysis in a Bicultural Context." Behaviour Change 16, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.16.1.20.
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AbstractOne of the dilemmas in behavioural assessment is the extent to which both specific functional analyses and more general case formulations are dependent on professional judgement and thus subject to bias. While in theory the functional analysis represents hypotheses about controlling variables which can then be subjected to empirical test, the clinical reality is that many such hypotheses are only loosely evaluated, post-hoc, by virtue of the success, or otherwise, of treatment. The role of cultural variables in the development and testing of hypothesised functional relationships is thus particularly difficult to evaluate. This paper suggests guidelines for evaluating the cultural context of behavioural assessment in clinical practice. The proposed criteria are seen as having relevance in assessing clients of both dominant and nondominant cultures. In Aotearoa / New Zealand these issues are examined within a bicultural framework. Legal and moral imperatives defining a partnership between two peoples mandate additional considerations for sound clinical assessment. The practical implications of these issues for ensuring a culturally sensitive application of behavioural assessment principles are examined according to psychometric standards, principles of behaviour change, and ethics.
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Fučkan, Jasmina. "Museum of Arts and Crafts as a Generator of New Institutions in the Time of Director Vladimir Tkalčić (1933-1952)." Etnološka istraživanja, no. 27 (December 31, 2022): 248–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32458/ei.27.14.
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Vladimir Tkalčić held the function of Director of the Museum of Arts and Crafts from the beginning of September 1933 to June 1952, which was the period of his vocational maturity – from age 50 until his retirement. The paper provides insight into Tkalčić’s vision of the development of the institution and into his achievements which allowed, already in his lifetime, that practice systems be derived from the Museum of Arts and Crafts and funds be formed as a baseline for the establishment of new institutions in Zagreb, such as the conservation and restoration workshop of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, the Museum of Serbs in Croatia, and the Technical Museum. Interpretations of certain achievements that Tkalčić accomplished in conditions of economic and political instability, in a whirlwind of confusion combined with the violence of wartime, are inevitably imbued with controversy. Examination of the documentation fund of the Museum of Arts in Crafts, in the first place Tkalčić’s legacy and registry books from years of his mandate, provides an insight into the contextual mosaic of his complex endeavours, as well as into the set of his character qualities that supported the principles of professional ethics.
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Bakare, K. A. "UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA: HISTORY, ETHICS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE." Journal of Education and Practice 5, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.629.
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Purpose: This paper is an exploratory work focusing on university administration in practice. The study interrogates ethics and practice of university administration in Nigeria, vis-à-vis service-delivery. It captures and exemplifies the nature and elements of university administration as experienced in the contemporary Nigerian polity, making references to aspects of industrial and organizational psychology, human factor psychology, and others, in the context of diverse interrelationships between theory and practice. It reverts to antecedents of administrative practice, tracing the primal formation of organizational styles to the colonial era in British tropical dependencies, and deftly concludes that the contemporary administrative policies were direct derivatives from the political culture of the colonial masters who sought to enforce “law and order” and through a self-imposed dual mandate sophistry. It concludes by drawing attention to observed infractions in the contemporary practice, and emphasized on the need to upgrade ethics, practice and corporate governance. Contributions on the socio-politics of corporate practice in Nigerian universities is paltry, and more research could be initiated in this area to complement our effort.
Methodology: The research design is descriptive, focusing on answering the how, what, when and where, (i.e. in addition to why) thus, providing rooms for examination of historical evidences, theoretical relevance and practical algorithms. The study used qualitative research method to properly describe the research problem and analyzed the problem based on observed characteristics, behaviours and reactions. The researcher being an active participant in the system, used the instruments of interactive sessions, seminars, workshops and interviews.
The study was carried out among a cross-section of administrative class who are employees in renowned government-run public universities in Nigeria and are being governed by the same regulations under the jurisdiction of the National Universities Commission and the Federal Government of Nigeria.The target population of the work are the academic administrators, the professional administrators, as well as scholars of educational studies in HEIs. A survey is conducted to validate our stance on compromised standards, and to posit measures that re-assert good practice, using the qualitative research method to succinctly describe the research problem by observing the dialectical nuances of the work environment and drawing far-reaching conclusions on the contemporary state of management and administration in our universities. The research is hinged on social exchange theory (SET) which overtly describes the relationship between an organization and its employees in a social context (Blau, 1964; Molm and Cook, 1995; Azim, 2016), while at the same time, extending the social interface description to the individual level to describe relationships between supervisors and subordinates in a leader-member exchange (LMX theory) background (Manzoni and Barsoux, 2002).
Results: The study revealed that ethics and corporate culture have become compromised due to decades of abstruse practices, and that there was the need to urgently revamp work ethics, re-align values and re-orient practice in order to catch up with the meteoric speed of the global space. The nuances and intricacies involved in creating and maintaining standards, and the necessity of recreating a virile work culture is incontestable, not forgetting that our colonial antecedent also provided a skewed background for the practice.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: It was recommended that negatives like excessive bureaucracy should be jettisoned, and open-door policies should displace shoehorned policies of government. Our universities should be nurtured and encouraged to self-regulate, while modern management technique should be entrenched in the system. In order to be able to effectively deliver on their triadic mandates of teaching, research and community services, the workforce in the universities should be adequately motivated and a strong reward system should be put in place to galvanize excellence. The National Policy of Education should be constantly reviewed in tandem with new-age realities, while aggressive digitization should be introduced to simplify operations, reduce stress, and maximize service-delivery.
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Trussell, Robert P., Helen Hammond, and Lawrence Ingalls. "Ethical Practices and Parental Participation in Rural Special Education." Rural Special Education Quarterly 27, no. 1-2 (March 2008): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756870508027001-204.
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The field of special education has a historical precedent for establishing ethical practices for professionals. These practices have evolved through legal mandates, scientific inquiry, professional research, professional organizations, and consumer concerns and input. A pivotal component of special education ethics focuses on the involvement of parents and/or family members as equal partners within the special education process. The purpose of this article is to examine the ethics of parental involvement in special education from a primarily rural special education perspective. This article reviews current research to date and discusses implications of the disconnect between the ethical responsibility of assuring equal parent participation and research findings. This article provides specific recommendations for future directions in promoting parental involvement in rural special education contexts.
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Muhammad, Didid, Sri Endah Wahyuningsih, and Ira Alia Maerani. "Legal Protection for the Public for Legal Certainty of Notary Authentic Deeds Against Deeds That Are Not Read And Explained To The Parties." Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 4, no. 3 (August 16, 2022): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.4.3.868-881.
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This research is motivated by the large number of notaries who are submitted to court due to errors in making a notary deed - the notary ignores the code of ethics which is contrary to the moral values of UUJN which is the basis for the professionalism of a notary who is simply ignored in order to get clients who take unethical ways to get their wishes. . The role of the notary in carrying out his duties and positions based on the code of ethics to provide legal protection. The community is expected to be able to provide confidence that the deed made is in accordance with the UUJN and the notary code of ethics. The purpose of this study is to find out the legal certainty of the authentic notary deed of the deed that is not read and explained to the parties and how to apply legal protection to the community and the obstacles and solutions to the implementation of legal protection to the community. The method in this study uses sociological juridical, meaning that research is carried out on the real situation of the application of law to the community with the intent and purpose of finding facts (fact-finding), which then leads to problem identification and then leads to problem solving. . The theory used is the theory of legal protection and the theory of legal certainty. The results of the research are very multi-faceted, showing that the role of a notary as a public official appointed by the government has the right to make a deed if the making of the deed is not in accordance with the UUJN and the code of ethics of the deed will be problematic in the future. The task of a notary is very noble because it contains and carries the mandate of the community and the state as well as providing legal counseling because of the position of trust. The position of a notary is very essential, impartial and independent, but in making a deed at the request of the parties listed in the deed. Notaries must be professional, meaning they are firm, fast, responsive, thorough, observant, and impartial according to the UUJN and the code of ethics. The role of the notary in carrying out his duties and positions in providing legal protection to the community must be independent, neutral and impartial with the aim of the deed made in accordance with the UUJN and the code of ethics and provide law for the community.
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Elzamzamy, Khalid, and Hooman Keshavarzi. "Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Mental Health Practice Between Professional Ethics and Islamic Values." Journal of Islamic Faith and Practice 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 40–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23274.
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Religiously committed mental health practitioners frequently encounter situations in which their perceived or actual religious mandates are at odds with their client’s values, leaving them in an ethical conundrum as to how to reconcile these values with the mandates of their professional ethical codes of conduct. Examples of such conflicts include dealing with cases involving abortion, sexual orientation, gender identity, consensual extramarital affairs, substance and alcohol use, as well as working with clients who display a minimal adherence to basic Islamic rituals and tenets. Precedents to such conflicts have led to serious legal consequences in some cases (DeSantis, 2012; Keeton v. Anderson-Wiley, 2010). Such conflicts are commonplace and particularly important for Muslim mental health professionals operating in the United States and other Western European countries that have secular professional codes of ethics. This paper is a “narrative literature review” that attempts to frame the discussion about value conflicts commonly experienced by Muslim mental health clinicians working within the Islamic legal and ethical discourses in the American context. This is done by analyzing the origins of some of these conflicts as well as providing potential resolutions. First, the relevant mental health philosophies, principles, codes, and definitions are examined. Second, the authors highlight how the Islamic maqāṣid (the higher objectives of Islamic law) and uṣūl (legal maxims), as well as Islamic standard practices, morals, and professional ethics, appear to contribute to the ethical dilemma. Different approaches to conflict resolution and reconciliation between Islamic mandates and ethical dilemmas are presented to help clinicians navigate their professional practice within ethical guidelines while remaining faithful to their religious values.
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Scanlon, Colleen. "A Professional Code of Ethics Provides Guidance for Genetic Nursing Practice." Nursing Ethics 7, no. 3 (May 2000): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973300000700308.
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While ethical quandaries and dilemmas are commonplace for nurses, recent advances in human genetics have and will continue to create new challenges and controversies. Throughout time, nursing has been an ethical endeavour, with nurses viewing the ethical mandates of their responsibilities on a par with other core dimensions of their professional life. The (American) profession’s code of ethics, Code for nurses with interpretive statements, provides direction for practice and for the fulfilment of ethical obligations. The explication of these ethical norms and values that shape professional practice is necessary as nurses confront the integration of genetic services into health care. The goal of preserving professional integrity and ethical soundness in the context of genetic health care mandates that nurses rely on and act upon the profession’s national and international codes of ethics.
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Choi, Kwang-Sun. "A Study on the relationship between the particularity of the independence of certified public accountants and the accounting audit to multi-family housing." Korean Institute for Aggregate Buildings Law 45 (February 28, 2023): 199–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.55029/kabl.2023.45.199.
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The duties of a certified public accountant are divided into an accounting audit that provides information to unidentified third parties, and tax agency, accounting-related appraisal that has a linear structure between a mandator and a mandate. In particular, accounting auditing has the characteristics of a mixed contract centered on a mandate contract, but it is distinctive in that it has an obligation to provide information to a third party. The main conceptual elements of accounting audit are the preparation of financial statements and the existence of generally accepted accounting principles, the existence of an independent third-party certified public accountant, the existence of generally accepted audit standards and professional work performance accordingly, and the expression of opinions on information users. The most significant of these was independence. This is because, through independence, the certified public accountant obtains and retains a trust on objectivity and fairness of auditing not only in terms of mental independence but also in appearance.
There are various systems that support the independence of accounting audits, including the general provisions of Article 15, Paragraph 1 of the Certified Public Accountant Act, the restriction of functions of Articles 21 and 33, the designation system of the External Audit Act, and the prohibition of preparing financial statements. Furthermore, the Code of Ethics for Certified Public Accountants also functions as a practical disciplinary code, and since it is influenced by International Ethics Standard Board for Accountants, the independence of CPA is becoming a global standard.
We also reviewed the accounting audit of multi-family housing including apartment houses, which is a representative area of accounting audit other than external audit. Although the purpose of the accounting audit of apartment houses may be somewhat different from that of the company, the basic principle and essence of the audit is the same, and the independence of certified public accountants must be strictly maintained. In particular, it has something in common with Article 21 of the Certified Public Accountant Act in that the simultaneous performance of accounting audit and bookkeeping violates independence.
The independence of a certified public accountant is a mark derived from accounting audit, which is the exclusive mission of a certified public accountant, and plays a role in enabling third-party information users to use correct information by enabling accounting audits to be performed in an objective and fair position. At the same time, it can be seen that disciplinary procedures and criminal punishment are premised in case of violation of the obligation to maintain independence. Therefore, the independence of certified public accountants, especially in accounting auditing, is a concept with unique characteristics that cannot be found in other field.
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Iliyasu, Zubairu, Rayyan M. Garba, Mansur A. Aliyu, Auwalu U. Gajida, Taiwo G. Amole, Amina A. Umar, Hadiza M. Abdullahi, et al. "“I Would Rather Take the Vaccine than Undergo Weekly Testing”: Correlates of Health Workers’ Support for COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 13937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113937.
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This study examined the support for vaccine mandates and uptake among clinical and non-clinical staff at a tertiary hospital in northern Nigeria, focusing on variation of survey responses based on job position, socio-demographic characteristics, and perceived risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Using an explanatory, sequential, mixed-methods design and deploying a pragmatic paradigm, 370 healthcare workers were administered structured questionnaires. This was followed by in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of respondents to further clarify the responses regarding support for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine mandate. Findings demonstrated that less than one-half of respondents supported the COVID-19 mandate, and only one in three had received the recommended COVID-19 vaccine doses. Support for the vaccine mandate and vaccine uptake were predicted by profession, work experience, number of children, health status, and risk perception. Support for the vaccine mandate was ascribed to ethical and professional duty, whereas opposition was associated with respect for autonomy and human rights. This study documents the need to enhance support for vaccine mandates and uptake among healthcare workers through sustainable strategies, as Nigeria’s healthcare workers are considered a source of trust and role models for the rest of society.
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Neimeyer, Greg J., Jennifer M. Taylor, and Douglas M. Wear. "Continuing Education in Professional Psychology: Do Ethics Mandates Matter?" Ethics & Behavior 21, no. 2 (March 28, 2011): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2011.551472.
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Makamani, Rewai, and Tawanda Zimanyi. "Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia." African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v2i1.824.
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This study examines factors that influence the ethical conduct of practising Public Relations (PR) practitioners in commercial banks of Namibia. Such factors relate to the ethical behaviour of Public Relations professionals working in commercial banks. The factors include the presence of binding codes of ethics and conduct, individual moral compasses, pressure from top management, a sense of duty towards humanity, and knowledge of ethics and professionalism. This analysis reveals that PR practitioners face ethical challenges and dilemmas from the banks’ dominant coalitions, ambiguous codes of ethics, speedy communication to the public necessitated by the news media, and the clash between the core values that inform the duty of PR professionals and those that prop up organisational culture. Ultimately, the challenges and dilemmas they confront in their work determines the way they conduct themselves ethically. The study conceives that PR practitioners are torn between upholding PR values that inform their duty and standing up for organisational values as advocated for by the dominant coalition. Ironically, PR practitioners are regarded as the ethical conscience of the commercial banks who, as per recommendations of the study, are expected to practise ethically and live up to their mandate of being custodians of ethical communication.
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Makamani, Rewai, and Tawanda Zimanyi. "Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia." African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v2i1.824.
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This study examines factors that influence the ethical conduct of practising Public Relations (PR) practitioners in commercial banks of Namibia. Such factors relate to the ethical behaviour of Public Relations professionals working in commercial banks. The factors include the presence of binding codes of ethics and conduct, individual moral compasses, pressure from top management, a sense of duty towards humanity, and knowledge of ethics and professionalism. This analysis reveals that PR practitioners face ethical challenges and dilemmas from the banks’ dominant coalitions, ambiguous codes of ethics, speedy communication to the public necessitated by the news media, and the clash between the core values that inform the duty of PR professionals and those that prop up organisational culture. Ultimately, the challenges and dilemmas they confront in their work determines the way they conduct themselves ethically. The study conceives that PR practitioners are torn between upholding PR values that inform their duty and standing up for organisational values as advocated for by the dominant coalition. Ironically, PR practitioners are regarded as the ethical conscience of the commercial banks who, as per recommendations of the study, are expected to practise ethically and live up to their mandate of being custodians of ethical communication.
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Peñaredondo-Untong, Leonel. "Ethical Climate and Faculty’s Trifocal Functions of State Universities and Colleges (SUCS) in Region XII, Philippines." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.8n.1p.135.
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This study determined the prevailing ethical climate in State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in Region XII and its relationship to the faculty’s three mandated functions; including instruction, research and extension. The descriptive method of research utilizing the correlation analysis was used in this study. This was conducted in four SUCs in Region XII, namely: Cotabato City State Polytechnic College in Cotabato City, Sultan Kudarat State University (ACCESS) in Tacurong City, University of Southern Mindanao in North Cotabato, and Cotabato Foundation of Science and Technology in North Cotabato. The respondents were the 268 selected faculty members taken through random sampling method. The researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather the data pertaining to the ethical climate and faculty’s trifocal functions. The findings generated: The prevailing ethical climate in professional values has the mean of 4.59 described as ”excellent”, work ethics is “excellent” with the mean of 4.79 and cultural values is also “excellent” with its mean of 4.52; the faculty productivity in instruction is “excellent” with its mean of 4.79, “poor” in research with the mean of 2.23 and “good” in extension with the mean of 3.06; The ethical climate in terms of professional ethics with.942 manifests very high positive relationship, work ethics with.897 denotes high positive relationship, and cultural values with.864 also show high positive relationship with faculty productivity in their trifocal functions. The study concluded that the ethical climate influenced the faculty productivity. The faculty professional ethics, work ethics and cultural values contributed significantly to the faculty productivity in their university trifocal functions.
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Tang, Sammer, Jake Stanley, and Iain Campbell. "Mandatory vaccination for healthcare workers: an ethical dilemma?" Journal of Paramedic Practice 14, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2022.14.3.94.
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Vaccines are advocated as the best defence against COVID-19. While most NHS staff, including ambulance clinicians, have been vaccinated, some remain hesitant. All health and social care staff, with some exemptions, were originally expected to be fully vaccinated by 1 April 2022. However, this is currently on hold due to the recent reconsideration by the Secretary of State. There are ethical arguments against and in favour of mandatory vaccination. Arguments against include potential harm and loss of autonomy. Coercing staff may be interpreted by the public that health professionals do not trust vaccines. A mandate may also be seen as authoritarian, which may embolden the anti-vaccine movement. Compulsory vaccination is also opposed by Royal Colleges, professional bodies and trade unions. Arguments to support mandatory vaccination include that society has a legitimate interest in regulating behaviour that harms others, even if this limits individual choices and that people live in groups so their rights and powers are limited by the rights of others. Paramedics deal with a diverse population, and often encounter clinically vulnerable patients as well as those who are COVID-19 positive. It can be argued that patients' right to be safe from unnecessary risk usurps that of a practitioner to refuse vaccination. Having all health and social care staff fully vaccinated will increase the health service's resilience. Future decisions on any vaccine mandates must incorporate various ethical arguments and support with additional effort to address underlying issues related to vaccine hesitancy.
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Du, Xiangyun, Salah Eldin Kassab, Ayad M. Al-Moslih, Marwan Farouk Abu-Hijleh, Hossam Hamdy, and Farhan Sachal Cyprian. "Identifying essential competencies for medical students." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 352–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-07-2018-0114.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify essential profession-related competencies, clinical knowledge and skills that medical students should develop in the early stages of their education for future professional practice. Design/methodology/approach A literature review and workshop resulted in a list of 46 crucial profession-related competencies. The first round of the modified Delphi survey (feedback questionnaire) involved experts who identified 26 items (via a Likert scale). The second round of the modified Delphi survey by faculty members highlighted ten items. Statistical analysis yielded four domains with items clustered as follows: interpersonal competencies (communication and collaboration), cognitive skills (problem solving, critical thinking and reflectivity), work-related skills (planning and time management) and professionalism (integrity, sense of responsibility, respect and empathy). Findings In conclusion, the results of this study provide insights and implications surrounding the competencies that are essential for assessment and facilitation in the early stages of a medical curriculum. The study also predicts the challenges of facilitating and assessing these competencies, as pointed out in recent literature. In general, outcomes of the study suggest that instead of categorizing the competencies, it is more meaningful to take a holistic and integrated approach in order to conceptualize, facilitate and assess these competencies in context of the complexities of real-life situations. Originality/value Ten items were identified as essential profession-related competencies that should be incorporated during the early stages of medical education. Six out of the ten items were agreed upon by all participants of the study: collaboration, communication, problem solving, integrity, responsibility and respect. This list aligns with the existing literature and graduate attributes internationally. Items related to planning and time management, critical thinking and reflectivity were regarded as specifically lacking and important areas of improvement for Arabic students. Divergence on items of empathy and medical ethics were observed among international and local panels, with the main concern, raised by medical faculty, being how to facilitate and assess these items. The competencies identified mandate reforms in the medical school curricula in an attempt to implement essential skills early in medical student’s career.
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Elzamzamy, Khalid, Zehra Hazratji, and Maryum Khwaja. "Punishment, Child Abuse, and Mandated Reporting." Journal of Islamic Faith and Practice 4, no. 1 (October 19, 2022): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/26546.
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Child abuse may take multiple forms, such as neglect and physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. In the US, physical abuse is considered a crime and, according to the law, must be reported by those working in numerous professions, among them that of mental health. Failing to report child abuse can have legal and professional repercussions. Corporal punishment (CP), a common disciplinary practice in many cultures and households, may be difficult to distinguish from child abuse. Additionally, perspectives on corporal punishment vary among cultures and may find justifications in religious traditions. Therefore, addressing it in clinical practice is surrounded by ethical and professional challenges.
This paper explores the challenges and ideals of addressing CP and physical abuse according to the perspectives of Islam and professional clinical practice, with a particular focus on the American Muslim context. After exploring the Islamic worldview on parenting and CP, the paper will explore ethical dilemmas facing clinicians with regard to reporting child abuse and offer practical recommendations informed by the Islamic tradition and the existing literature on the topic.
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Rambaree, Komalsingh. "Environmental social work." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 21, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-09-2019-0270.
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Purpose Environmental social work (ESW) is an approach and a perspective in social work focusing on ecological and environmental sustainability and justice within the context of sustainable development (SD). This study aims to analyse students’ reflective tasks on challenges for ESW education and practice from a critical theory perspective. The purpose of this study is to discuss the implications of the findings for accelerating the implementation of SD in social work curricula. Design/methodology/approach The research participants comprised 49 master level students from four different cohorts studying the course “Social Work and Sustainable Development” at the University of Gävle, Sweden. The sample comprised only those students who had completed at least one of the three non-mandatory reflective tasks that were set within the course. The reflective tasks of the research participants were gathered as data for this study. A qualitative methodological approach with the help of ATLAS-ti V8.4 was used to analyse the gathered data. Findings This study discusses three primary results, which are categorised as “Being Boxed”, “Safe and Saviour Sweden” and “Politics and Power”. Based on the results, this study argues for a transformative and emancipatory pedagogy (TEP) in the teaching and learning of ESW to accelerate the implementation of holistic SD within the social work curriculum. Research limitations/implications This study is mainly based on the analysis of “problematic” discourses of some of the students. The majority of the students and their respective discourses are not considered. Moreover, it would have been interesting, and probably enlightening to explore the background of the students (such as gender, ethnicity and religion) and any concomitant beliefs or prejudices (whether consciously held or otherwise) that would need to be addressed for an effective social work outcome. For ethical reasons, the background of the students was not recorded and analysed in this study. Practical implications Based on the results, this study argues for TEP in catalysing environmentalism within the social work curricula. Social implications Social workers have a political mandate from their professional ethics to work for the protection of the planet and for the well-being of all – including non-humans. This study therefore argues for ESW education within social work curricula in promoting SD through social work practice. Originality/value Within the context of SD, there is a global call for social work education to shift from an anthropocentric to an eco-centric paradigm. However, ESW education is still in its infancy stage and very few universities are focusing in this particular area. This study therefore brings an important and well-needed layer of empirical evidence in considering the implications for catalysing environmentalism within the social work curricula.
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O’Connor, Kathleen. "Nursing Ethics and the 21st-Century Armed Conflict." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 28, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659615620657.
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The purpose of this article is to call attention to the lack of caregiver safety in conflict settings; to bring awareness to nurses and health care professionals of new challenges, specifically the deliberate targeting of health care professionals, that they may encounter in local armed conflict situations; and to address a gap in knowledge about the social and cultural factors surrounding 21st-century armed conflict that directly affect the provision of health care. I argue that these are of interest to transcultural nursing in that violent actors belong to a dangerous subculture, the understanding of which is important to transcultural nursing practice and caregiver safety. The article calls for increased focus on the protection of the nursing workforce and renewed attention on international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions that mandate the safety of global health care workers.
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Heisler, Candace J. "ETHICAL DILEMMAS, VULNERABLE ELDERS, AND ELDER ABUSE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S238—S239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.891.
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Abstract Elder abuse is a growing concern worldwide. It is described across multiple professional disciplines: as a social justice issue by social workers; as a medical syndrome and public health issue by health care providers; and as a violation of human rights and criminal laws by courts, legislators, and the justice system professionals. Elder abuse assumes different forms, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, and abandonment. Forms often co-occur in a variety of settings. This presentation explores key ethical conundrums emerging when different professions address elder abuse. Specifically examined is how the ethical principles of autonomy and non-maleficence conflict with mandatory reporting laws, for example, if their purpose is to incarcerate older offenders who are ill and vulnerable serving lengthy mandated prison terms. The presentation also explores the rights of perpetrators, including how rights of crime victims are weighed against those of perpetrators in a just society.
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Reiss, Dorit Rubinstein, and V. B. Dubal. "Influenza Mandates and Religious Accommodation: Avoiding Legal Pitfalls." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 46, no. 3 (2018): 756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110518804237.
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Influenza mandates in health care institutions are recommended by professional associations as an effective way to prevent the contraction of influenza by patients from health care workers. Health care institutions with such mandates must operate within civil rights frameworks. A recent set of cases against health care institutions with influenza mandates reveals the liabilities posed by federal law that protects employees from religious discrimination. This article examines this legal framework and draws important lessons from this litigation for health care institutions. We argue counterintuitively that providing religious exemptions from influenza mandates may expose health care institutions to more liability than not providing a formal exemption.
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Clarke, Rachel A. "Midwives, Their Employers and the UKCC: an Eternally Unethical Triangle." Nursing Ethics 2, no. 3 (September 1995): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309500200308.
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The majority of midwives in the UK are employed within the NHS. They are legally bound to fulfil their contractual obligations to their employers. At the same time they are professionally mandated to interpret and act on the UKCC's Code of professional conduct. Midwives have always maintained that they are autonomous practitioners, and the Code is written in a way that endorses this belief. Underlying the Code is the assumption that midwives have moral and professional freedom to act on its imperatives. However, midwives' claim to autonomy is flawed, and therefore the Code's claim to be a source of empowerment is also flawed. Underlying the difficulties is a conflict derived from the imposition of a deontologically-based professional Code on to a workforce that is constrained within and employed by the utilitarian-based NHS.
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RICH, BEN A. "Your Morality, My Mortality." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 24, no. 2 (February 26, 2015): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180114000528.
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Abstract:Recently the scope of protections afforded those healthcare professionals and institutions that refuse to provide certain interventions on the grounds of conscience have expanded, in some instances insulating providers (institutional and individual) from any liability or sanction for harms that patients experience as a result. With the exponential increase in the penetration of Catholic-affiliated healthcare across the country, physicians and nurses who are not practicing Catholics are nevertheless required to execute documents pledging to conform their patient care to the Ethical and Religious Directives for Health Care Services as a condition of employment or medical staff privileges. In some instances, doing so may result in patient morbidity or mortality or violate professional standards for respecting advance directives or surrogate decisionmaking. This article challenges the ethical propriety of such institutional mandates and argues that legal protections for conscientious refusal must provide redress for patients who are harmed by care that falls below the prevailing clinical standards.
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Gardner, Donna. "Victim-Defendants in Mandated Treatment: An Ethical Quandary." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 15, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2007): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926770802097244.
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Nicholson, Christopher, Sarah Kansa, Neha Gupta, and Rachel Fernandez. "Will It Ever Be FAIR?" Advances in Archaeological Practice 11, no. 1 (February 2023): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2022.40.
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AbstractA fundamental task of archaeology is to address challenging scientific questions related to the complexity of human societies. If we are to systematically understand the processes that affect human societies on multiple spatial and temporal scales, research leveraging existing archaeological data is essential. However, only a fraction of the data from archaeological projects are publicly findable or accessible, let alone interoperable or reusable. This is the case despite statements of disciplinary ethics, availability of capable technologies for data stewardship, publications providing guidance, and legal mandates. This article introduces the FAIR principles for data stewardship in North American archaeology, which state that data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. We call for efforts to promote widespread adoption of the FAIR and CARE (Collective benefit, Authority to control, Responsibility, and Ethics) principles among professional organizations, publishers, data repositories, and researchers. We also call for adoption and implementation of requirements to adhere to these principles by governmental agencies, funding bodies, and other regulators of archaeological research. Ultimately, adoption of the FAIR principles in an ethical framework contributes to our understanding of our human experience and can lead to greater integration and reuse of research results, fostering increased partnerships between academia and industry.
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Coggon, J. "Is public health just science? Values, politics and varied but collective practices to secure better health with justice." Journal of Public Health 44, Supplement_1 (November 2022): i34—i39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdac094.
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Abstract This paper asks: Is public health just science? That question invites analysis from the field of public health ethics of how we might distinguish public health as being built simply on scientific evidence bases and its being founded on science and ideas of justice. In conducting the analysis, the paper explores the essentially political nature of public health as well as reasons why members of the public health community might aim not to ‘be political’ in their practice: in particular, considering professional competence/expertise, democratic legitimacy and the possibly damaging consequences of being seen as engaged in politics. Such considerations, while valid, do not stop public health from being political in nature and directed to the realization of ethical aims. The paper, therefore, then explores how members of the public health community might seek to realize the moral mandates of public health. Although that requires political outcomes, it does not mean there is an ethical requirement to be as directly politically engaged as possible. On the contrary, we find good reason to look to public health as a collective enterprise, with individual roles and activities within it being more or less directly activist.
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Casas Trujillo, Jennyfer Paola. "Professional subjectivities in ELT & the dichotomy inclusion-exclusion." Hungarian Educational Research Journal 11, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/063.2021.00035.
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AbstractMost Education systems propose policies in pro of the benefit of society. However, successful application of these is unknown in consequence considering teachers voices is needed to understand the situations in the classroom. This study analyzes some English language teachers’ stories that served the purpose to construct themselves as professionals of language education facing the dichotomy of inclusion and exclusion placed by the mandates of the Colombian education system. The theme of Language Teacher Subjectivities, in this article, is conceptualized and discussed as the alternative’s teachers have within their reach to use their own theories regarding language teaching and learning. Reflecting retrospectively and prospectively on meaningful school experiences related to the language teaching activity to tackle the dichotomy, the research question that guided this study was: What do language teachers’ narratives portray about their professional subjectivities in relation to inclusion? From a narrative perspective, narrative interviews and a professional life history timeline was analyzed using short story analysis focusing on when, when and who as meaningful in the data and finding that the participants comply with the multidimensional view of the subject. The narratives depicted that the corporal dimension, social-affective dimension, cognitive dimension, and ethic-moral dimension are part of the teachers’ professional subjectivities in the frame of Colombian inclusion policy.
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Gagnon, Hubert, Christian Bellemare, Georges-Auguste Legault, Suzanne K. Bédard, Jean-Pierre Béland, Louise Bernier, Pierre Dagenais, et al. "PP193 How Does HTA Address Social Expectations Now? An International Survey." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319002782.
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IntroductionAfter surveying its members on ethical issues (2003), the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) mandated its Ethics Working Group (2005) to reflect on the role of health technology assessment (HTA) organizations in meeting social expectations. Some aspects of these have since been clarified by two studies addressing either the official position of INAHTA's members or the publication authors. An international survey was carried out on the perception of HTA professionals’ expectations when producing HTA reports: how to fulfil HTA's social role, which value judgments should be made explicit and what should be the status of ethical analysis.MethodsA twenty-two question, web-based, anonymous survey was devised from our recent systematic review on the integration of ethics into HTA and carried from April to July 2018. The information on 328 HTA agencies/contact persons from seventy-five countries was collected from the website of INAHTA, Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi), the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA), EuroScan International Network, the HTA Network of the Americas (RedETSA) and the HTA Network of Asia (HTAsiaLink), a 2015 World Health Organization survey, HTAi members, and our local HTA network (Québec, Canada).ResultsEighty-nine participants completed and submitted a finalized survey for a 27 percent participation rate representing thirty-three countries. Regarding how the HTA reports should fulfil their social role, our results showed that over 84 percent of the respondents agreed upon the necessity to address it to decision makers, patients and citizens. At a lower and more variable level, the same result was found about the necessity to make value judgements explicit in different sections of the report, including ethical analysis. This contrasts with the variability of responses obtained on the status of ethical analysis although an agreement on the expertise required was observed. Variability in the usefulness of patient, public or stakeholder participation was observed.ConclusionsAt the dawn of this decade, this study reveals high expectations on context-dependent decisions in HTA: the necessity to integrate the ‘explicitation’ of value judgements and systematic ethical analysis to fulfil HTA's social role.
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Maia, L. "Contributions of the Digital Marketing Cycle and Political Marketers for the Construction of MIL Cities." Слово в науке, no. 1(2) (April 1, 2021): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.53362/l0287-4808-7417-o.
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This study deals with the way the Digital Marketing Cycle of Felipe Chibás Ortiz and its use by communication and political marketing pro fessionals in Brazil in election campaigns and maintaining candidate mandates can contribute to the construction of MIL cities. In addition to a brief theoretical survey, a research was carried out, carried out in De cember 2020 with 47 political marketing and political communication professionals from different states of Brazil, a survey of information about their preferred tools and strategies to be used in election cam paigns and in maintaining their candidates’ mandates. This survey will be used in the future for a broader analysis of how we can modify the way of working marketing in a more strategic way, technological and, above all, ethics, in addition to combating disinformation according to what is proposed in MIL cities
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Kim, Mijin, and Christina Soyoung Song. "Understanding Police Officers’ Usage of High-Visibility Safety Apparel: The Role of Safety Ethics and Professional Appearance." Safety 7, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7010015.
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High-visibility safety apparel (HVSA) is personal protective clothing that provides visual conspicuity to reduce police officers’ risk of fatality or injury from road traffic accidents. Under the current U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration regulations, police officers on or near Federal-Aid highways are mandated to wear HVSA to enhance their visibility. Although wearing HVSA can significantly prevent traffic-related fatalities among police officers, studies have shown that they do not consistently, or ever, wear it. This study identifies factors influencing HVSA noncompliance among officers by exploring their perceptions of its use and efficiency. Ninety-eight police officers completed a field survey in four cities in Yavapai County, Arizona; their responses were analyzed via predictive decision tree modeling. The results indicated that officers’ HVSA-wearing behavior can be predicted by safety ethics, professional appearance, occupation risk, functionality of HVSA, and safety education. Among these predictors, safety ethics and professional appearance were the most important factors in forecasting officers’ HVSA-wearing behavior. Our study contributes to enhancing knowledge about the psychological aspects of officers’ HVSA-wearing behavior and provides implications for improving their traffic safety policies and compliance in the law enforcement community.
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Maia, L. "Contributions of the Digital Marketing Cycle and Political Marketers to the Construction of MIL Cities." Слово в науке, no. 1(2) (April 1, 2021): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53362/y0593-9141-3550-n.
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This study focuses on how Felipe Chibás Ortiz’s Digital Marketing Cycle and its use by communication and political marketing professionals in Brazil in election campaigns and maintenance of candidate mandates can contribute to the construction of MIL cities. In addition to a brief theoretical survey, a survey conducted in December 2020 of 47 political marketing and communication professionals from different states in Brazil was used as a basis to gather information on their preferred tools and strategies to be used in election campaigns and the maintenance of mandates of their candidates. This survey will be used in the future for a broader analysis on how we can change the way marketing is worked in a more strategic, technological and, above all, ethical way, beyond combating disinformation according to what is proposed in MIL cities.
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Black, Jennifer, Rachel Hulkower, Walter Suarez, Shreya Patel, and Brandon Elliott. "Public Health Surveillance: Electronic Reporting as a Point of Reference." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, S2 (2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519857309.
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Federal, state, and local laws shape the use of health information for public health purposes, such as the mandated collection of data through electronic disease reporting systems. Health professionals can leverage these data to better anticipate and plan for the needs of communities, which is seen in the use of electronic case reporting.
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Rosenbaum, Alan, William J. Warnken, and Albert J. Grudzinskas. "Legal and Ethical Issues in the Court-Mandated Treatment of Batterers." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 7, no. 1-2 (August 11, 2003): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j146v07n01_12.
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Cooney, Kathleen, and Barry Kipperman. "Ethical and Practical Considerations Associated with Companion Animal Euthanasia." Animals 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030430.
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The reality that euthanasia in veterinary practice can end animal suffering but can also be used in circumstances that do not serve an animal’s interest, can be a benefit for animals, and a burden for veterinary professionals, respectively. This essay addresses ethical and practical concerns associated with companion animal euthanasia, including defining euthanasia, why and when euthanasia should be performed, applying euthanasia in practice, contemporary methods, aftercare of deceased animals, and the consequences of euthanasia and dysthanasia for animals, animal owners, and veterinary professionals. We contend that an intention-based definition of euthanasia should be strictly applied in veterinary practice and that practitioners view euthanasia decisions as requests that can (and in some cases should) be declined, rather than as mandates.
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Atmaja, Sani Satriangga. "Publication of Notary Positions on Personal Social Media Accounts." Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 3, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.3.2.263-269.
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A notary is a public official who is authorized to make an authentic deed with perfect evidentiary power. The position of a Notary is a Public Position that upholds the dignity and trust of the community so that in carrying out its duties, it must adhere to the prevailing laws and regulations and the Code of Professional Ethics. Based on the provisions of the Professional Code of Ethics, a Notary is prohibited from publishing his position or self-promotion, while in this digital era it is not uncommon for a Notary to list his position on his social media accounts. The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze the legal consequences of the publication of a notary position and how to apply sanctions and solutions for violations of the code of ethics according to Act No. 2 of 2014 concerning the position of notary and the code of ethics of a notary. The method used in this study is the normative juridical method, the specifications in this study are descriptive analytical, the data used are secondary data, using data collection sourced from library research that produces primary law materials, secondary law materials, and tertiary law materials, problems analyzed with the theory of Triadism Law and the theory of Legal Effectiveness. The results of this study indicate that the prohibition on the publication of Notary Positions for Notaries is based on the fact that a Notary as a position that provides services to the public requires the trust of the public, thus Notaries are obliged to uphold their nobility of dignity in accordance with the Law on Notary Positions and the Notary Code of Ethics. The legal consequences for a Notary who publish his Notary Position in Social Media accounts are not in accordance with the oath / promise of Position that has been uttered and mandated by the Notary Position Act, and violates the prohibition provisions in the Notary Code of Ethics.
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Benitz, William E. "A Paradigm for Making Difficult Choices in the Intensive Care Nursery." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2, no. 3 (1993): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100004291.
Full textAbstract:
In the 10 years since the birth of “Baby Doe,” the decisions confronted daily by neonatologists and parents of sick or premature infants have been the focus of a great deal of attention. Issues raised by these decisions have been vigorously debated and discussed in the popular media in political and governmental forums, and in the professional literatures of a variety of academic disciplines. These discourses have illuminated a number of moral and ethical principles that may govern these decisions and have contributed to the development of regulatory and procedural constraints upon this process, including requirements for establishment of infant care review committees at all hospitals that provide neonatal intensive care services. However, the philosophical concepts espoused by theoreticians, although often helpful as abstractions, are rarely invoked at the bedside as decisions are sought for individual patients. No clear consensus has emerged on how these ideas should be incorporated into clinical practice or on the role of mandated ethics committees or discretionary ethics consultants. Consequently, there are wide disparities in decision-making processes both within and among institutions. Failures of these systems to protect neonatal patients or their families remain distressingly common and have attracted considerable attention in the lay press. Although there can be no universal decision tree that can dictate the course of this complex process in all cases, a clearly articulated operative paradigm that defines essential features of an effective and equitable decision-making process is essential to identify the causes of failures and conflicts that arise when the process is dysfunctional and to prevent such problems by providing a framework for training practitioners to deal with these issues.
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Stoddard, K., B. Braun, L. Dukes III, and M. A. Koorland. "Building Professional Dispositions in Pre-Service Special Educators: Assessment and Instructional Tactics." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.4.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
Teacher preparation programs, in part due to national accreditation mandates, are beginning to examine assessment and instruction of teacher trainees’ professional behavior and dispositions more carefully than in the past. The faculty at University of South Florida St. Petersburg developed the Professional Behavior Assessment tool (PBA) for rating levels of competence within six professional behavior domains; punctuality, reaction to supervision, collaboration with colleagues, effort, enthusiasm, and ethical professionalism. Four pre-service teachers (PST) were taught the characteristics of the six domains employing written scenarios and rubrics of the PBA. Initially, the pre-service teachers held very different perceptions than faculty regarding behavior expected within each domain. After instruction the PST’s were able to use the PBA to rate scenarios similarly to faculty. Following training, PST’s reported better understanding regarding the level of expected professional behavior in the schools. As the semester progressed, faculty noted improvement in pre-service professional behavior in field settings.