Academic literature on the topic 'Ethics professional mandate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ethics professional mandate"
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Sharma, Prakash. "Continuing Legal Education: Rethinking Professional Ethics and Responsibility in India." Asian Journal of Legal Education 5, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2322005818775439.
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The declining standards in legal profession, coupled with loss of public trust and confidence, call for emphasis on a deeper understanding of professional ethics among lawyers and perhaps articulate a different notion of professional responsibility that extends beyond the standards of professional conduct and etiquette for lawyers. The 266th Report of Law Commission of India highlighted the need to structure legal education and to bring ethical standards in legal profession. In this regard, the article proposes to mandate continuing legal education (CLE) for legal professionals. The purpose of introduction of CLE programme is to emphasize upon the quality of advocacy. Further, it was to implement the concept of professional responsibility, which provides that a lawyer should represent a client competently. In this regard, CLE programme might help lawyers to re-inform, re-imagine and reconstruct the legal profession in India in ethical and responsible ways. This article discusses the considerations and the process that must led to the adoption of the CLE plan.
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Curtis, David S. "Professional Regulation and Accountability in Forestry." Forestry Chronicle 66, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc66328-4.
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Professional forestry organizations have a unique mandate to monitor and regulate the quality of forestry being practised in Canada. However, an inability or a reluctance by these organizations to fulfill this mandate coupled with increasing public concern over poor forestry practices could lead to other forms of regulation. This, in turn, could result in a decrease in the influence of foresters as a profession over the regulation of forestry practices.Professional self-regulation is one method of regulating a profession. Licencing schemes, which require a person to be registered before being able to practise, are generally more effective than certification schemes, which merely identify that members have met certain standards of training.Of the five professional forestry organizations in Canada, two are licensing-type organizations, while three are certification-type organizations.The roles of self-governing professional groups can include establishing and enforcing standards of conduct and practice, and discipline of members who fail to meet the prescribed standards. Where employer instructions conflict with professional ethics or standards, foresters should advise that they are unable to carry out the instructions. In this way, foresters, not employers, should hold the primary role in determining the quality of forestry practised in Canada.It is recommended that professional forestry organizations be licensing-type organizations, and develop and actively enforce high standards of conduct. Support must be provided for members who endeavour to live up to those standards.
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Varley-Winter, Olivia, and Hetan Shah. "The opportunities and ethics of big data: practical priorities for a national Council of Data Ethics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2083 (December 28, 2016): 20160116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0116.
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In order to generate the gains that can come from analysing and linking big datasets, data holders need to consider the ethical frameworks, principles and applications that help to maintain public trust. In the USA, the National Science Foundation helped to set up a Council for Big Data, Ethics and Society, of which there is no equivalent in the UK. In November 2015, the Royal Statistical Society convened a workshop of 28 participants from government, academia and the private sector, and discussed the practical priorities that might be assisted by a new Council of Data Ethics in the UK. This article draws together the views from that meeting. Priorities for policy-makers and others include seeking a public mandate and informing the terms of the social contract for use of data; building professional competence and due diligence on data protection; appointment of champions who are competent to address public concerns; and transparency, across all dimensions. For government data, further priorities include improvements to data access, and development of data infrastructure. In conclusion, we support the establishment of a national Data Ethics Council, alongside wider and deeper engagement of the public to address data ethics dilemmas. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The ethical impact of data science’.
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Birgden, Astrid, and Heather Cucolo. "The Treatment of Sex Offenders." Sexual Abuse 23, no. 3 (October 11, 2010): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063210381412.
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Public policy is necessarily a political process with the law and order issue high on the political agenda. Consequently, working with sex offenders is fraught with legal and ethical minefields, including the mandate that community protection automatically outweighs offender rights. In addressing community protection, contemporary sex offender treatment is based on management rather than rehabilitation. We argue that treatment-as-management violates offender rights because it is ineffective and unethical. The suggested alternative is to deliver treatment-as-rehabilitation underpinned by international human rights law and universal professional ethics. An effective and ethical community–offender balance is more likely when sex offenders are treated with respect and dignity that, as human beings, they have a right to claim.
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Crook, G. W. "Advocacy and licensing: Essential tools for professional foresters' associations — Case study of the Ordre des ingénieurs forestiers du Québec." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73233-2.
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The Ordre des ingénieurs forestiers du Québec has for 75 years played a key role in building the public's awareness of forests and of the practice of professional forestry, and in safeguarding the public interest in the resource. Two primary drivers are behind the organization's success : a long-standing advocacy policy and licensing. As a professional association that has been given the right to exclusive practice, it is legally bound to place as its highest priority the protection of the public good. This necessitates an inspection, discipline, and continuing education program for its members to ensure their competency. Also, the Order has the mandate of ensuring that foresters are not impeded in their professional practice. Its advocacy and communications mandate is closely linked to its role, specified in its Code of Ethics, to protect the public by speaking out on forestry-related issues. The Order has thus been able to rise above partisan issues and base its position statements and policies on the reservoir of expertise that it collectively represents. The result has been the promotion of professional forestry for the public good, and the Order taking a leadership role as the conscience of forestry in Quebec.
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Schwell, Alexandra. "When Worlds Collide: Negotiating Work Ethics on the German–Polish Border." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 31, no. 2 (April 19, 2017): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325416643163.
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This article is part of the special section titled From the Iron Curtain to the Schengen Area, guest edited by Wolfgang Mueller and Libora Oates-Indruchová. The cooperation between German and Polish border police from the middle of the 1990s to 2007 is characterized by a striking paradox: border guards on both sides claim their working styles are incompatible with one another while in most cases they cooperate very well. Yet, as this article argues, the border guards employ strategies of boundary-drawing and self-staging that help them cope with the asymmetry they encounter when cooperating with the “other.” German and Polish border guards develop informal strategies of action and communication that rest upon a joint professional culture, leading to mutual trust and solidarity and a congruence of subjective professional honor and official mandate. Yet, this win–win situation runs the risk of emphasizing police-cultural aspects that focus on security while leaving the underlying East–West asymmetry untouched.
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Scherer, Anika, Bernd Alt-Epping, Friedemann Nauck, and Gabriella Marx. "Team members perspectives on conflicts in clinical ethics committees." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2019): 2098–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019829857.
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Background: Clinical ethics committees have been broadly implemented in university hospitals, general hospitals and nursing homes. To ensure the quality of ethics consultations, evaluation should be mandatory. Research question/aim: The aim of this article is to evaluate the perspectives of all people involved and the process of implementation on the wards. Research design and participants: The data were collected in two steps: by means of non-participating observation of four ethics case consultations and by open-guided interviews with 28 participants. Data analysis was performed according to grounded theory. Ethical considerations: The study received approval from the local Ethics Commission (registration no.: 32/11/10). Findings: ‘Communication problems’ and ‘hierarchical team conflicts’ proved to be the main aspects that led to ethics consultation, involving two factors: unresolvable differences arise in the context of team conflicts on the ward and unresolvable differences prevent a solution being found. Hierarchical asymmetries, which are common in the medical field, support this vicious circle. Based on this, minor or major disagreements regarding clinical decisions might be seen as ethical conflicts. The expectation on the clinical ethics committee is to solve this (communication) problem, but the participants experienced that hierarchy is maintained by the clinical ethics committee members. Discussion: The asymmetrical structures of the clinical ethics committee reflect the institutional hierarchical nature. They endure, despite the fact that the clinical ethics committee should be able to detect and overcome them. Disagreements among care givers are described as one of the most difficult ethically relevant situations and should be recognised by the clinical ethics committee. On the contrary, discussion of team conflicts and clinical ethical issues should not be combined, since the first is a mandate for team supervision. Conclusion: To avoid dominance by physicians and an excessively factual character of the presentation, the case or conflict could be presented by both physicians and nurses, a strategy that strengthens the interpersonal and emotional aspects and also integrates both professional perspectives.
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Giroud, Sandrine, and Charles Boudry. "Art Lawyers’ Due Diligence Obligations: A Difficult Equilibrium between Law and Ethics." International Journal of Cultural Property 22, no. 2-3 (August 2015): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739115000193.
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Abstract:This article examines the duties of diligence of lawyers when handling art-related matters. Due diligence is paramount to any activity in the art market and a key element in ascertaining ownership, authenticity or provenance. In particular, it is a benchmark to help determine the existence of possible criminal activities, including money laundering, terrorism financing or document forgery, to which the art market is regularly exposed. The question arises as to the obligations incumbent to art lawyers who are privileged witnesses of the functioning of the art market. Such obligations include in particular the duty to enquire on the particularities of a transaction, the duty to terminate a mandate or the duty to report any suspicious transaction under threat of civil or criminal sanctions. A survey has shown that art law specialists would welcome more guidance in the form of tailored regulations or professional guidelines.
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Furrow, Barry R. "Pain Management and Provider Liability: No More Excuses." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 29, no. 1 (2001): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2001.tb00038.x.
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Pain is undertreated in the American health-care system at all levels: physician offices, hospitals, long-term care facilities. The result is needless suffering for patients, complications that cause further injury or death, and added costs in treatment overall. The health-care system's failure to respond to patient pain needs corrective action. Excuses for such shortcomings are simply not acceptable any longer.Physicians have long been accused of poor pain management for their patient. The term “opiophobia” has been coined to describe this remarkable clinical aversion to the proper use of opioids to control pain. If the professional mandate of the health-care professional is to relieve suffering, then physicians are falling far short of their obligations by accepting myths about the use of opioids in the face of evidence to the contrary.
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Waite, Roberta, and Deena Nardi. "Understanding Racism as a Historical Trauma That Remains Today: Implications for the Nursing Profession." Creative Nursing 27, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/crnr-d-20-00067.
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In order to promote health equity and support the human rights mandate contained in the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, the nursing profession must understand historically the creation of race, white supremacy in the United States, and entrenched racial terror and brutality toward black and brown racialized populations. Considering the limited racial diversity in the nursing profession despite its stated mission to increase diversity, the profession must build a path to understanding antiblack racism as a historical trauma that remains to this day, a path that encompasses antiracist ideology. Antiracism education is critically needed at the pre-professional and professional levels, for nursing students, providers, educators, administrators, and researchers to inform our own understanding of bias within the contexts of our educational and health-care systems. Dismantling racism requires an enduring commitment to the ultimate goal of social justice for ourselves, our patients, and our communities. This article presents antiracism actions that nurses should employ to dismantle racism, focusing primarily on personal-level initiatives, with self-work as the starting point.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethics professional mandate"
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BERTOTTI, TERESA FRANCESCA. "Dilemmi etici e criteri di scelta degli assistenti sociali dei servizi per l'infanzia e la famiglia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19713.
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The thesis investigate the impact of macro changes on the decision-making process and the dilemmas faced by the social workers involved in child and family services. It explore if and how the criteria used by social workers in order to decide “what is good” and “what is right” have changed and how they managed dilemmas typical of social work. The study analyses the ethical dilemmas that arouses from the field work and how has changed the reference to values. It consider the impact of changes in the Welfare system (with the shortage of resources and managerialism) and the changes in the legal system (with the different role of Justice in relation to the right of the parents and the right of the child).
The research is a descriptive study based on in-depth interviews with 32 social workers, carried in 2009 – 2010 in Lombardia region (Italy), selected following three different dimensions: seniority of the social worker, urban or rural context, level of specialization. The results show that the dilemmas can be grouped in two main categories: one is concerning the relationship between social workers and the organization. Here, we argue that managerial contexts cause a ‘divorce’ in the values held by professionals and the institutional mandate. The second category is related to the ‘dilemmatic structure’ of child protection work, which is characterized by the task of constantly balancing the need for protection of the child and the need to help parents, and is related to the efficacy of intervention.
Books on the topic "Ethics professional mandate"
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Cavanaugh, T. A. Hippocrates' Oath and Asclepius' Snake. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190673673.001.0001.
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Hippocrates’ Oath and Asclepius’ Snake: The Birth of the Medical Profession articulates the Oath as establishing the medical profession—a practice incorporating an internal, uniquely medical ethic that particularly prohibits doctors from killing. In its most basic and least controvertible form, this ethic mandates that physicians try to help while not trying to harm the sick. Relying on Greek myth, drama, and medical experience (e.g., homeopathy), the book shows how this medical code arises from reflection on the most vexing medical-ethical problem: iatrogenic harm, injury caused by a physician. The book argues that deliberate iatrogenic harm—especially the harm of a doctor choosing to kill (physician-assisted suicide, euthanasia, abortion, and involvement in capital punishment)—amounts to an abandonment of medicine as an exclusively therapeutic profession. Since electively killing a patient always injures (even when done at the patient’s request), the Oath excludes killing (along with other salient harms such as sexual exploitation and the violation of patient confidentiality) from medicine as a profession. The work argues that medicine as a profession necessarily involves stating before others what one stands for: the goods one seeks and the bads one seeks to avoid on behalf of the sick. The book considers and rejects the view that medicine is purely a technique lacking its own unique internal ethic. It concludes by noting that medical promising (as found in the White Coat Ceremony by which US medical students matriculate) implicates medical autonomy, which merits respect, including the honoring of professional conscientious objection.
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Danbury, Christopher, Christopher Newdick, Alex Ruck Keene, and Carl Waldmann, eds. Law and ethics in intensive care. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198817161.001.0001.
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The practice of intensive care medicine raises multiple legal and ethical issues on a daily basis, making it increasingly difficult to know whom to admit and when, at what stage invasive management should be withdrawn, and who, importantly, should decide? These profound dilemmas, already complicated in a setting of scarce resources, mandate an understanding of law and ethics for those working in intensive care medicine. Clinically focused, the book explains the relevance of landmark rulings to aid the day-to-day decision making of critical care professionals. A spectrum of ethical and legal controversies in critical care are addressed to demonstrate how law and ethics affect the care available to patients, and how patients’ responses to advances in treatment in turn influence legal and ethical concerns. Discussion of conflict resolution advises on the options that are open to doctors when agreement on treatment decisions or withdrawal cannot be reached. The literature and variations surrounding ‘Do not attempt resuscitation’ (DNAR) decisions are outlined. This edition also provides an up-to-date analysis of issues such as futility and deprivation of liberty.
Book chapters on the topic "Ethics professional mandate"
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Mieg, Harald A. "Science as a Profession: And Its Responsibility." In Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 67–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91597-1_4.
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AbstractScientific responsibility has changed with the successful professionalization of science. Today, science is a privileged profession, one with a (tacit) management mandate for systematic knowledge acquisition. Within this framework, science acts with responsibility. This chapter reflects the responsibility of science in the German context. After Wold War 2, the extraordinary responsibility of scientists, which C.F. von Weizsäcker emphasized, referred to a specific phase in the institutional development of science, termed scientism (“science justifies society,” science as religion), and corresponded to an elite responsibility. Today, one responsibility of science as a profession is to safeguard and develop scientific standards. This also concerns, on the one hand, the self-organization and control of science as a profession and, on the other hand, the communication of science to society. As a professional scientist, one has two responsibilities, the commitments to good science (professional ethics plus co-responsibility for the development of science as a profession) and civic responsibility. Due to their special knowledge, the civic responsibility of the scientist differs from that of other professionals. This chapter introduces science as a profession and presents an integrative notion of responsibility, also shedding light on the social responsibility of science.
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Schultz, Robert A. "Professional Duties." In Contemporary Issues in Ethics and Information Technology, 44–59. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-779-9.ch004.
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It is perhaps easiest to begin the application of ethics to information technology with the ethical responsibilities of IT professionals. Several ethical codes have been developed, and in this chapter we will see how the concepts of Part I apply to these codes. My aim is to establish the ethical basis of these codes. The underlying ethical concepts are Rawlsian, but not his Principles of Justice (Rawls, 1999). Rather, they are distinctions developed as part of the theory of right action. The distinction between duty and obligation is particularly relevant. In addition, something needs to be said about the concept of a profession. Most IT professionals have a very strong sense of their responsibilities as IT professionals. In a way, it is astonishing that such a young profession has developed such a strong sense of its own ethical identity so quickly. Older professions such as Medicine or Law have traditions going back over two thousand years, and their standards have been incorporated into law in most areas. Although IT has its professional organizations, such as the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP), those organizations do not currently perform a widely recognized credentialing function. Although these organizations promulgate model curricula, they have nothing like the force of the American Medical Association (AMA) certification for medical schools, or the American Bar Association (ABA) certification of law schools. Since IT is a profession without benefit of the formal apparatus of the older professions, it follows that the credentialing and legal sanctions of the older professions are not what makes them professions. Credentialing and legal sanctions safeguard what was already there, namely a calling shared by individuals. Professions differ from mere jobs because those in professions commit themselves indefinitely toward serving a goal beyond their own self-interest, which is their primary focus. Thus, those in the medical profession commit themselves to healing people, and those in the law commit themselves to interpreting and applying the law and preserving the integrity of the legal process. Professional athletes similarly commit themselves to practicing their sport as well as they can. All professionals are prepared to set aside their individual interests when their profession requires it. The basis of a profession—an individually adopted goal beyond self-interest—is also the essential basis for professional ethics.1 What then is this goal for IT professionals? What do IT professionals feel called to do? I think their calling is to provide the best functioning IT systems (infrastructure and applications) possible in the organizational context in which they are dealing. In terms of this calling, IT professionals know what they need to take responsibility for in the technical area, even when managers or clients have other ideas. These responsibilities are often not mandated by management. Indeed, management may not even be aware that IT professionals have assumed and carried out these responsibilities. Yet the well-being of the organization may very well depend on these responsibilities being carried out. A good example is data integrity; nonprofessionals usually have only a vague idea of what is involved in insuring data integrity, and yet failures in insuring data integrity will almost certainly compromise the usability of a system. Even without formal, generally accepted credentialing for IT professionals, there is still a distinct calling recognized by IT professionals with duties attached to it. The absence of generally accepted credentialing does, however, create possibilities for conflicts with management and others, which we will discuss later in this chapter.
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Rolfhamre, Robin. "Can We Buy Virtue? Implications from State University Funding On Musical Instrument Performance Teacher Mandate." In Higher Education as Context for Music Pedagogy Research, 95–112. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.119.ch4.
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Recent world developments have put a strain on the humanities in general, and higher education music performance study degree-programmes in particular. In an educational system currently promoting consumer-product relationships where the music performance teacher is very much accountable for the students’ development into professional musicians and, recently, also sustainable world citizens, we must give more attention to what, whom and why we educate? This chapter is an armchair analytical philosophical continuation of a paper published elsewhere (Rolfhamre, 2020). Taking the lead from Julia Annas’ (2011) virtue-as-skill, I will, here, elaborate on what implications the Norwegian state higher education funding system may have on the higher education music performance teacher’s perceived mandate from the perspectives of music pedagogy, rhetoric and virtue ethics. First, I pursue three different usages of the verb “to buy” to exemplify why I find the chapter’s title to be relevant and valid. This sets the premises for the following turn to rhetoric to highlight the starting point’s persuasive functions and incentives. Subsequently, I briefly relate the argument to Butlerian performativity to emphasise its relation to normativity, inclusion-exclusion and the theoretical possibility of “breaking free”. From this position, I draw on Aristotelian phronesis, mainly through the position held by Hansen (2007) to sketch up an ecology in which I ask how this all affects the teacher’s mandate?
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Duan, Changming. "Serving the Underserved." In Bringing Psychotherapy to the Underserved, edited by Jeffrey Zimmerman, Jeffrey E. Barnett, and Linda F. Campbell, 69–97. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190912727.003.0004.
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Eliminating disparities in racial/ethnic mental health care is an ethical mandate and a tall order for the field of psychotherapy. There are significant obstacles that pose challenges, and at the same time point out directions for the field to address. This chapter provides arguments and narratives illustrating that increasing racial/ethnic parity requires all practicing psychotherapists and those in training to devote themselves to personal and professional multicultural identity/competence development, continuous knowledge renewal, and expansion and improvement of interventions in and outside of counseling rooms. Some of the possible and concrete paths toward meeting such demands are discussed to aid practitioners in their pursuit of the course of racial /ethnic mental health care parity.
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Molella, Robin G. "Public Health Practice, Leadership, and Health Care Law." In Mayo Clinic Preventive Medicine and Public Health Board Review, 253–66. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199743018.003.0016.
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Public health is focused on health at the population level. This broad focus allows public health officials to use strategies and tools that differ from those used by health care providers, who focus on individual patients. Determinants of health include access to education, safe working environments, and safe and reliable sources of nutrition. Community empowerment aims to create sustainable change through vocational training, health education, policy changes, and other actions. Quarantine, incarceration, or forced treatment can be used by public health agencies if they provide proof of danger to the community. Licensure authorizes an agency to create rules that regulate the activities of the professional or entity; medical examinations can be mandated. The ethical principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence are the same for public health and medicine. Ethics in public health also consider the needs of the population and how that may interfere with individual freedoms. Various types of cost analyses can be performed to determine where best to apply available public health funds.
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Grover, Purva. "Hide and Seek." In Legal and Ethical Issues in Emergency Medicine, 75–82. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066420.003.0010.
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The system of mandatory reporting was created in response to a growing recognition of devastation that child abuse was causing in the United States. All states designate people in certain professions as “mandated reporters.” This has led to discussion regarding unintended consequences or negative effects of mandatory reporting. What are our obligations toward adult patients who confide that they were abused as a child but are unsure if they want to report this now? Are we still the mandated reporters? How does patient autonomy factor into this? These laws and statutes are complex, and our legal obligations must be weighed against various ethical and practical considerations.
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Walters, Charles B., Barbara Imle, and Anthony J. Plotner. "Age of Majority in Special Education and the Compliance-Driven Denial of Student Dignity and Autonomy." In Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership, 420–35. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8860-4.ch020.
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Ethical imperatives, the importance of self-determination, and evidence-based practices in transition direct special education professionals to ensure students with disabilities receive support that prepares them to exercise their rights as they approach adulthood. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) includes mandates that address the process of transferring educational decision-making authority to students as they approach the age of majority. There is evidence, however, that indicates there are challenges with implementing such mandates as the use of surrogate decision-making mechanisms, such as guardianship, continue to be favored over less restrictive alternatives. This chapter outlines information for professionals seeking to support students as they approach the age of majority and encourages the use of strengths-based approaches, rather than approaches that center student deficits and IDEA compliance. This chapter emphasizes the importance of utilizing less restrictive alternatives to guardianship that promote student autonomy and self-determination.
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Meron, Theodor. "From Classroom to a Criminal Courtroom." In Standing Up for Justice, 31–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863434.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the author’s transition from being a teacher to being an international criminal Judge. The life of a Judge is much more circumscribed by rules and traditions than the life of a teacher. Both national and international courts have typically adopted codes of professional and ethical conduct, which often include or are accompanied by disciplinary rules to ensure compliance and accountability. It is important to understand that the core mandate of an international criminal court is to try individuals within a governing legal framework and to determine whether—given the specific evidence presented and admitted by the court—the responsibility of an individual accused of international crimes has been established beyond reasonable doubt. The chapter then recounts the author’s experience as an international criminal Judge and assesses whether academics make good criminal Judges.