Journal articles on the topic 'Ethics; environment; Japan'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Ethics; environment; Japan.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Ethics; environment; Japan.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Shaikh, Muzaffar A. "Ethics of Decision-Making in Islamic and Western Environments." American Journal of Islam and Society 5, no. 1 (September 1, 1988): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v5i1.2883.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionWith the advent of ultra-modern communications technology and publicawareness of suspicious business practices, the question of ethics in decisionmakinghas become extremely important in today’s business world, incommercial as well as government sectors. A. M. Senia (1403 AH/ 1982AC) agrees with Dr. Mark Pastin of Arizona State University, that the keyto the success of American business is to divert its attention to the studyof, and implementation of ethics instead of turning to Japan for innovativeideas. Dr. Pastin concludes that the employees are more and more concernedabout the worthwhileness of their work rather than their economic survival.He suggests that by giving “real world examples-if, for instance, a firmadopts its own stricter guidelines for certain governmental regulations, thenit can meet the stringent governmental requirements and in the end, increasethe firm’s share of market. A clear proof of increasing awareness of the ethicsof decision-making is evident by the fact that the Center for Public and PrivateSector Ethics has acquired great popularity since its inception in 1400 AH/1980AC.Decision-making is an integral part of both day-to-day and long-termaffairs of a single individual or a group of individuals. Factors such as decisionmagnitude (major versus minor), decision impact (high versus low), thedecision-making body itself (a single person, a family, or a committee ofpersons), and decision environment (under certainty, risk, uncertainty, orcompetition) etc., are the determinants of whether or not a single individualor a group of individuals makes a decision. While Green and Tull (1407AH/1987 AC) and others break down the decision process into several steps(i.e., recognition of the problem, generation of alternatives, evaluation ofalternatives, and implementation of the selected alternative), the evaluation ...
2
Suseno, Iriyanto Widi. "PENDIDIKAN ANAK MODEL ORANG TUA DI JEPANG." KIRYOKU 2, no. 1 (May 24, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v2i1.58-64.
Full textAbstract:
Each nation has its own educational pattern, according to its cultural values. To see the character of a banga need to examine how the education of children based on the cultural values it embraces. Japan is known as a nation whose nation is disciplined, hardworking, and independent. This kind of Japanese character can be formed through the ways parents in Japan in educating their children in the family environment. This study would like to reveal the pattern or way parents in Japan in educating their children. The length of this study is important when looking at the fact that the Japanese state to date has become a developed country and has strong economic stability and security. The role of the characters that shape the mental attitude of the Japanese becomes an important factor. The position and function of the family in the education of Japanese character as the leading sector. Parents as role models for children at home, namely in the introduction and planting value of empathy, discipline, ethics and Gambaru.Keywords: children's education, family, parents, character
3
Caney, Simon, and Cameron Hepburn. "Carbon Trading: Unethical, Unjust and Ineffective?" Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 69 (September 22, 2011): 201–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246111000282.
Full textAbstract:
Cap-and-trade systems for greenhouse gas emissions are an important part of the climate change policies of the EU, Japan, New Zealand, among others, as well as China (soon) and Australia (potentially). However, concerns have been raised on a variety of ethical grounds about the use of markets to reduce emissions. For example, some people worry that emissions trading allows the wealthy to evade their responsibilities. Others are concerned that it puts a price on the natural environment. Concerns have also been raised about the distributional justice of emissions trading. Finally, some commentators have questioned the actual effectiveness of emissions trading in reducing emissions. This paper considers these three categories of objections – ethics, justice and effectiveness – through the lens of moral philosophy and economics. It is concluded that only the objections based on distributional justice can be sustained. This points to reform of the carbon market system, rather than its elimination.
4
Martinus, Kirsten, and David Hedgcock. "The methodological challenge of cross-national qualitative research." Qualitative Research Journal 15, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-07-2013-0046.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the difficulties faced during the interview process in a cross-national qualitative comparative case study between Japan and Australia. It discusses the challenges in producing insightful data and preserving the integrity of findings when methodologies are influenced by different cultural and professional environments. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores literature on cross-national qualitative research in the context of policy research as well as the philosophical and professional differences between Japan and Western countries (like Australia). It reflects on practical examples and strategies used by the researcher during the ethics and interview processes when adapting widely accepted qualitative case study methodology to suit the Japanese cultural and professional environment. Findings – The paper finds that linguistic, cultural, professional and philosophical differences between the countries challenged initial researcher assumptions that comparability between the case study regions would be maintained through the application of accepted methodologies and an “insider” status. It observes that the quest to generate rich and insightful data places the character and capability of the researcher as central in the research process. Originality/value – This paper provides practical examples and strategies for social science researchers using interview methods in Japan and Australian. It points to a need for further research on the ambiguous and elusive nature of the “insider” paradigm as well as the “comparability” of cross-national qualitative case studies when methodological “flexibility” is used to enrich and preserve the integrity of research findings.
5
Fujiamaki, Takamitsu, Kaoru Tamura, Tatsuya Abe, Mitsutoshi Nakada, Akiko Higuchi, Yuko Watanabe, and Motoo Nagane. "COT-28 Questionnaire Survey Regarding Working Condition of the Members Belongs to the Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology (JSNO) by the Gender Equality and Diversity Committee of the JSNO, 2021." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_6 (December 1, 2021): vi30—vi31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab159.120.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Gender Equality and Diversity Committee (“Women and Diversity in Neuro-oncology - WING”) of the Japan Society for Neuro-oncology (JSNO) was established in November 2020 with the aim of supporting and providing better opportunities for diverse members including women in JSNO. In order to achieve this goal, the JSNO and WING planned to conduct a questionnaire survey of all members in the fall of 2021 to investigate the actual situation of members. The targets of this study were clinicians, basic researchers, nurses and allied health professionals including medical social workers. The survey is conducted after obtaining the approval of the Ethics Committee and Academic Committee of the JSNO. Method: As of September 26, this questionnaire is currently underway online and anonymously. The questionnaire includes questions on work environment, home environment (including childcare and nursing care) for understanding work-life balance, existence of problems related to career development, support measures considered necessary, and expectations for WING. Results: As the results of the questionnaire were not available at the time of writing this abstract. However at the presentation we will present the statistical analysis of the survey. Various comparisons of the questionnaire items common to those of the Japan Neurosurgical Society and the Japan Pediatric Society, which were conducted several years before this survey. Conclusion: Respect for diversity is increasingly important in the field of neuro-oncology. Surveys are important for the future success of our diverse community, and we believe that this survey will be an important milestone.
6
Doering, Keiko, Jean Patterson, and Christine Griffiths. "NegotiatingWa(Harmony): A Qualitative Study About the Challenges Japanese Women Who Live in New Zealand Have in Maintaining Their Birth Traditions." International Journal of Childbirth 6, no. 1 (2016): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.6.1.27.
Full textAbstract:
Cultural birth customs play an important role in maintaining women’s psychological well-being throughout childbearing. The goals of this study were (a) to explore how Japanese women living in New Zealand keep or perform their birth traditions, (b) to educate caregivers about the importance of these traditions to Japanese women, and (c) to provide an environment within which Japanese women feel able to express and negotiate their cultural practices.Following ethical approval from the Otago Polytechnic Research Ethics Committee (ETHICS 470), 13 Japanese women, who had given birth in New Zealand within the previous 3 years, were interviewed individually, or in a focus group. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The women were all born in Japan, had moved to New Zealand in their 20s, and lived in New Zealand for a period between 2 and 19 years.The women valued their birth traditions and tried to practice these throughout their pregnancy and following birth. This was not always possible within the New Zealand maternity and cultural setting where there was a lack of support or understanding from family and care providers. There was also limited access to shrines where they could perform the rituals. This caused some of the women to experience cultural conflicts.The desire to maintain harmony with others and the environment is embedded in Japanese culture, and this made it difficult for the women in this study to express their need to fulfill these practices and rituals.Although this study focused on Japanese women’s attitudes and cultural practices, it highlights the importance of being able to maintain a woman’s cultural links, particularly around childbirth. It is essential for caregivers to understand that each woman brings her own cultural understandings and traditions to her birth experience and that the support to practice birth rituals contributes to her peace of mind and well-being.
7
Kane, Chikako, Kenshi Takechi, Masayuki Chuma, Hiroshi Nokihara, Tomoko Takagai, and Hiroaki Yanagawa. "Perspectives of non-specialists on the potential to serve as ethics committee members." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 5 (January 24, 2019): 1868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518823941.
Full textAbstract:
Objective In Japan, under the new Clinical Trials Act pertaining to investigator-initiated clinical trials that came into effect on 1 April 2018, review boards should review proposed clinical trials while considering written opinions from specialists. Additionally, involvement of non-specialists is mandatory, and attention is being placed on their effective contributions. This study was performed to determine representative key issues with which to promote these contributions. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2018 using a focus group interview of six non-specialists regarding perspectives on clinical research itself and research ethics committees. Results For perspectives on clinical research itself, 33 codes were established and sorted into 2 categories and 6 subcategories relating to ambivalence toward clinical research. For perspectives on research ethics committees, 54 codes were established and sorted into 3 categories and 10 subcategories relating to the theme “knowledge and an environment that promotes non-specialist members’ participation.” One notable result was the willingness of participants to obtain details about a study should they be selected. Conclusions The results suggest that detailed explanation of a particular study would encourage non-specialist members to participate in a clinical research review committee. Education aimed at non-specialist participation should therefore be considered in future studies.
8
Satoh, Miho, Akiko Fujimura, and Naoko Sato. "Competency of Academic Nurse Educators." SAGE Open Nursing 6 (January 2020): 237796082096938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2377960820969389.
Full textAbstract:
Background In the face of a rapidly changing social environment and increasing demand for health care services, there is a global concern that academic nurse educators should have expert-level competencies and should improve the level of nursing education. Objective This study aimed to investigate the elements that constitute competency in academic nurse educators. Methods A cross-sectional self-completed online survey was conducted involving academic nurse educators working at universities in Japan. We invited 277 nursing universities to participate in the survey and to provide academic nurse educators with information about the research by contacting the dean of each university’s nursing department. In total, 372 educators completed the survey (response rate 4.03%), and after excluding those with incomplete data, 367 were analyzed (valid response rate 3.97%). The data were analyzed by exploratory-factor analysis, with the least-squares method and promax rotation performed. Results An exploratory analysis yielded five competency factors: “facilitating active learning,” “engaging in academic research activities,” “participating in university management,” “undertaking self-directed learning based on professional ethics,” and “practicing education autonomously.” Conclusions The competencies identified in the present study are essential for academic nurse educators, and the five factors are in accord with the findings of previous studies. Support systems for academic nursing educators should be established to improve their competencies comprehensively. However, further research is needed to develop the competencies of academic nurse educators into more comprehensive and sophisticated competencies.
9
Taka, Iwao. "Business Ethics: A Japanese View." Business Ethics Quarterly 4, no. 1 (January 1994): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857559.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:Although “fairness” and “social responsibilities” form part of the business ethics agenda of Japanese corporations, the meaning of these terms must be understood in the context of the distinctive Japanese approach to ethics. In Japan, ethics is inextricably bound up with religious dimension (two normative environments) and social dimension (framework of concentric circles). The normative environments, influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, and other traditional and modern Japanese religions, emphasize that not only individuals but also groups have their own spirit (numen) which is connected to the ultimate reality. The framework of concentric circles lets moral agents apply different ethical rules to the respective circles. The dynamics of these religious and social dimensions lead to a different view of both individuals and corporations from that dominant in the West.
10
Mulyaningsih, Mulyaningsih. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE “SHARING” BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM IN INCREASING HR COMPETENCE IN INDONESIA (FACING ASIAN FUTURE SHOCK 2020)." Journal Of Educational Experts (JEE) 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30740/jee.v2i1p39-46.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia as the country with the opportunity cost of investment and the highest corruption in ASIA business caused a cultural and population changes which is affect to family structure in the development business and state. Based on those conditions, Indonesia must change fast become count country in ASIA to build character through local knowledge possessed a vast country and large The shift in the pattern of the surviving members of regional communities is an indicator of impending shocks to the mindset, ways of thinking, feeling and reacting based on the environment and the condition of the demands of the behavior of the members together are embraced and accepted by the organization to act and solve problems, adapt and unites members of the organization through a shift in values, norms and cultural rules significantly (mean) the impact of the shock towards the life of the nation both by employers and stakeholders organizations in Indonesia. ASIA development of the business sector in the 21st century emphasizes ethical investment. Ethical investments In the 21st century, supporting ethical organization, including in developed countries the problem of ethics and organizational behavior into consideration when deciding policies and financial. The idea of ethical investment had various depend on each country, and company cultural perception. The application of ethical investment strategies of individual, non-profit organizations, governments and companies to attract potential investors, in the hope that the fund is managed in a way that does not have a negative impact on society, including Indonesian society. The influence of cultural, social and geographical had very strong impact to employers and stakeholders behavior. The diversity behavior is fundamental basic considered in fundamentals treatment will support the success of Indonesia development over this years. It will deal with the honesty, integrity in the right employees, strong leadership and support for ethnic behavior. Those conditions would cause a shock to the human resources therefore need nation quality recovery in national policies circle in order to determine direction of attitudes change and nation view as an interactive consequence in organizational culture characteristic which is owned Indonesian HR should be able to function as a tool to support the implementation of the development progress through employee competence and leadership. The Indonesian efforts to increase capacity and competence of the Human Resources (HR) with respect to resilience in the face of 2020, namely the implementation of a characteristic of organization culture that will affect the way work is done and how employees behave based on the philosophy of Pancasila and the results of research in the form of build character first through local wisdom in the sunda level; like "sareundeuk saigel sabobot sapihanean, penance grindstones penance foster compassion, silih simbeuh mean to share (Sharing). (Mulyaningsih, Japan Meijo 2015) The paradigm of thought in enhancing the competence of behaving for Human Resources in Indonesia by sharing (sharing) the future is not only to be able to survive in the economic crisis but as a cornerstone in carrying out the work or the owner (owner) as well as the investors who use ethical investment as competence businesses, professional stakeholders to support the business sector and the advantages of statehood in Indonesia capable of competitiveness in 2020.
11
Haron, Hasnah, Ishak Ismail, Sobei Oda, Azah Abdul Jalil, and Nurul Khair Ishak. "Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility of Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan-Lessons Learnt." Advanced Science Letters 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5947.
Full textAbstract:
Japan is a high income economy country and scored well in terms of CPI index. Since Malaysia’s intention is to move towards a high income economy there is much to learn from SMEs in Japan. A study was conducted on 17 SMEs in Japan and data collection includes survey and interviews. Amongst lessons learned are that SMEs in Japan place a great respect on seniority and they treat their business as one family. SMEs in Japan also place high importance on customer satisfaction, they do not believe in “quick wins” and will ensure that expansion of business is made progressively. They also view preserving traditional culture as one of their responsibility. One of the challenges they faced are the declining sales due to the lesser number of tourists in Japan and declining demand of traditional products. Success of SMEs in Japan is partly because of the ability of the government in Japan to “make the blue collars’ conditions equal to the white collars,” especially involving the expanded application of monthly-payment, life-time employment, seniority-based payment and promotion system in SMEs similar to large corporation.
12
Choi, Seungyeun. "Changes in the Distribution of Rural Textiles in Jeollanam-do from the Japanese Colonial Period to the 1980s: Focusing on Naju, Hwasun, and Damyang." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.507.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyzed the characteristics and changes of textile and clothing distribution from the Japanese colonial period to the 1980s based on oral interviews data in Naju, Damyang, and Hwasun in Jeollanam-do, and concluded as follows. First, the fabric and clothing distribution in the Japanese colonial period continued to produce handcrafted fabrics in each household in Naju, Damyang and Hwasun in Jeollanam-do.,On the 5th day of the local market, there were cotton, hemp, and silk fabrics woven at home in the market, Myeongju, and Hemp. On the 5th, there were mobile merchants who distributed textiles while moving the markets.,It was sold on the market on the 5th during the Japanese colonial period, which was spread by Japan. Second, as modernization policy was promoted after the war, women gradually became unable to produce textiles at home as they changed into a non-farming-oriented living environment.,The market's bejeon continued, but textiles and clothing changed to the form in which factory products were supplied from outside and sold in the market.,A permanent store that handles clothing appears, and factory clothes seem to have gradually replaced women's labor and daily clothes.
13
Sudarsih, Sri. "Pentingnya Keteladanan Orangtua Dalam Keluarga Sebagai Dasar Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Masyarakat Jepang (Suatu Tinjauan Etis)." KIRYOKU 3, no. 1 (June 23, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i1.58-63.
Full textAbstract:
(Title: The Importance Of Parents In The Family As The Basis Of Establishment Of Japanese Community Characters(An Ethical Review)) Japan including developed countries in various fields, but the people still maintain tradition. This study aimed to describe parenting in families in Japan. Then the researchers interpreted the importance of parental exemplary in the formation of Japanese society. This research is a literature research on the lives of Japanese society. The method used by researchers is a description and interpretation. The result of this study is described as follows: the example of parents is imperative because parents are a figure for the children. Exemplary is applied in all aspects of live. Family education is the basis for forming individual character. Ethical values are always the basis for behaving. Parenting in the family brings logical consequences to the pattern of individual behavior to the social environment. Ethical values as a basic principle that is applied a close manner in the family environment have formed general awareness. These methods are able to shape Japanese society with a strong character.
14
Son, Sung-jun. "The Translating Subject beyond Borders." Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15982661-8873945.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the early twentieth century, the political environments of China, Japan, and Korea were heterogeneous, encompassing various discourses and orientations. Using biographies of George Washington, this article examines the particularities of the texts created through such translations. In relay translations of biographies of Washington, Fukuyama Yoshiharu 福山義春 (Japanese, published 1900) sought an ideal model of Confucian ethics; Ding Jin 丁錦 (Chinese, published 1903) represented Washington as a strong warrior who won independence after a long fight; and Yi Haejo 李海朝 (Korean, published 1908) offered a portrait in which the warrior figure recedes and the Confucian image is again reinforced. Despite the gap between the political environments of Japan and Korea and the absence of a direct connection between them, Fukuyama's and Yi's editions share more overlapping features with each other than with Ding's. Properly recognizing and highlighting individual translation and adaptation practices that do not converge on the norms of national discourse will expand the horizons of the national discourse itself.
15
Kato, Yuichi, Rie Chiba, Sosei Yamaguchi, Kyohei Goto, Maki Umeda, and Yuki Miyamoto. "Association between Work Environments and Stigma towards People with Schizophrenia among Mental Health Professionals in Japan." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020107.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to examine the association between control over practice in work environments and stigma toward people with schizophrenia among mental health professionals. We conducted secondary analyses on data from a self-administered questionnaire survey. The sample in the initial study included mental health professionals from two psychiatric hospitals, 56 psychiatric clinics, and community service agencies in Japan. The Ethics Committee of the University of Tokyo, approved this study. Data from 279 participants were used for secondary analyses (valid response rate = 58.7%). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine the association between control over practice and stigma. We performed subgroup analyses among nurses (n = 121) and psychiatric social workers (n = 92). Control over practice was negatively associated with stigma among mental health professionals (β = −0.162, p < 0.01). The subgroup analyses among nurses indicated that control over practice, educational history and recovery knowledge were associated with stigma. However, these variables were not associated with stigma among psychiatric social workers. Control over practice might help to reduce stigma among mental health professionals. Factors related to stigma might differ by occupation. Therefore, further comprehensive studies among various professionals would further our understanding of these factors.
16
Murray, Iain R., Jorge Chahla, Sarah J. Wordie, Shane A. Shapiro, Nicolas S. Piuzzi, Rachel M. Frank, Joanne Halbrecht, et al. "Regulatory and Ethical Aspects of Orthobiologic Therapies." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 232596712211016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221101626.
Full textAbstract:
Orthobiologic therapies show significant promise to improve outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal pathology. There are considerable research efforts to develop strategies that seek to modulate the biological environment to promote tissue regeneration and healing and/or provide symptomatic relief. However, the regulatory pathways overseeing the clinical translation of these therapies are complex, with considerable worldwide variation. The introduction of novel biologic treatments into clinical practice raises several ethical dilemmas. In this review, we describe the process for seeking approval for biologic therapies in the United States, Europe, and Japan. We highlight a number of ethical issues raised by the clinical translation of these treatments, including the design of clinical trials, monitoring outcomes, biobanking, “off-label” use, engagement with the public, marketing of unproven therapies, and scientific integrity.
17
Naito, Yumi, Yoko Tomita, Katrina Breaden, and Yvonne Parry. "Community Nurses' Perspective on Barriers to Effective Utilization of Advance Care Planning for Terminal Care of The Elderly in The Home Environment in Japan: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Qualitative Studies." International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology 2, no. 3 (June 15, 2022): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/ijahst.v2i3.4.
Full textAbstract:
Advance care planning (ACP) allows individuals to plan the health care which dignifies their personal values at the terminal phase of their illnesses. The Japanese government previously endorsed the concept of ACP in the guideline on end-of-life care and community nurses in Japan could play an increased role to improve its utilization by patients. The current study aimed to identify challenges surrounding ACP practice in the home environment in Japan from the community nurses’ perspectives. Semi-structured interview was performed on eleven community nurses working in metropolitan areas in Japan. Qualitative data was collected and analyzed using Braun & Clarke’s six-step framework of thematic analysis (2006). Five themes were identified as barriers to effective ACP utilization: complexity surrounding family power, informed consent and discussion, cultural influence, longer life versus better life, and absence of frameworks and guidelines. The first three themes were further subdivided into subthemes: imbalance in family power and family guilt, inadequate information for decision-making and ‘no one talk about it’, and traditional ways of thinking and taboo surrounding talking about death, respectively. The identified issues surrounding the current ACP practice in Japan were interconnected and reflective of the social, cultural, legal, and ethical aspects of life and care in Japan. This study highlighted the importance of respecting patients’ preferences in care, which should be additionally protected by establishing clear policy and legal frameworks on ACP
18
Mori, Suguru. "Planning Theory for Sustainable Community Resettlement and Environmental Transfer in the Context of Natural Disaster and Climate Change." Impact 2022, no. 5 (October 13, 2022): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2022.5.37.
Full textAbstract:
The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 was the first time that a single disaster relocated hundreds of districts, and it was completely unprecedented. Professor Suguru Mori is an expert in the field of helping communities rebuild after natural disasters who is interested in taking lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake in the establishment of community relocation that places emphasis on human rights and ethics. As a bachelor student, Mori experienced the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake in 1995, gaining the dual perspective of victim and researcher. This highlighted a disconnect. Mori is based in the Division of Architecture, Hokkaido University, Japan, where he is exploring planned community relocation in the context of large-scale disasters and climate change in the Asia-Pacific region, with a particular focus on Koizumi district in Kesennuma city and looking at both past and future risks. In addition to being a researcher, Mori is an architect and planner and a key approach is Action Research, which integrates research and practice to catalyse transformative change. He also uses approaches from the unique academic field of architectural planning research (APR), which was developed in academic circles of the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) and scientifically examines architecture and its design methods.
19
Mori, Yusuke, and Go Yoshizawa. "Current Situation of Synthetic Biology in Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2011.p0476.
Full textAbstract:
Studies on synthetic biology have been promoted in many countries to find a solution to the proposition “what is life?”; this is done not by analytical but by constructive methods, or to create the systems of living organisms for human use. Synthetic biology is supposed to be a useful tool for solving various problems that humans have; however, it could lead to many ethical challenges, particularly problems in terms of disaster prevention, such as the question whether the artificial creation of life is right or wrong and concerns about the creation of organisms that may be harmful for humans and the environment. This paper summarizes the social and scientific trends in the field of synthetic biology, especially in Japan, for clarifying the related social problems and bringing these problems to the attention of the stakeholders and public.
20
Nakamura, Kenichi, Hitoshi Ozawa, Taro Shibata, Nobuko Ushirozawa, Tomomi Hata, Natsuko Okita, Nozomu Fuse, et al. "Survey Results and Recommendations from Japanese Stakeholders for Good Clinical Practice Renovation." Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science 56, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43441-021-00350-4.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) is undertaking a major revision of ICH E6 Good Clinical Practice (GCP) decided to involve external stakeholders in ICH-GCP renovation. Activities such as surveys and public conferences have taken place in the United States, European Union, and Japan. For stakeholder engagement in Japan, a designated research group conducted a survey of academic stakeholders. Methods A total of 105 academic stakeholders from 18 institutions responded to the survey. The research group developed recommendations reflecting the survey results and the opinions from patients and the public. Results The survey showed the top four principles needing renovation were (i) informed consent (Chapter 2.9, 12.4% of respondents believed it needed renovation), (ii) systems for quality assurance (Chapter 2.13, 9.5%), (iii) information on an investigational product (Chapter 2.4, 5.7%), and (iv) procedures on clinical trial information (Chapter 2.10, 5.7%). The top three sections identified as needing renovation were: (i) informed consent (Chapter 4.8, 27.6%), (ii) monitoring (Chapter 5.18, 22.9%), and (iii) composition, functions, and operations of the ethics committee (Chapter 3.2, 14.3%). Recommendations included clarification of ICH-GCP’s scope, proportionality in various aspects of clinical trials, diversity and liquidity of ethics committee members, modernization of informed consent procedures, variations in monitoring, and regulatory grade when using real-world data. Conclusion The recommendations from Japanese investigators and patients have been submitted to the ICH E6 Expert Working Group, which will strengthen the robustness of the GCP renovation.
21
Mustofa, Mustofa, Suyanto Suyanto, Bambang Suprayitno, and Nita Kusumawardani. "Independence, Work Ethic, Spirituality, and Productivity: A Comparative Study of Several Asian Countries." Journal of Sosial Science 3, no. 4 (July 22, 2022): 666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i4.373.
Full textAbstract:
This study compares the values of independence, work ethic, spirituality, and productivity in several Asian countries. The other purpose of this study is to determine the effect of independence, work ethic, and spirituality on productivity. This study uses World Value Survey (WVS) data with the criteria of respondents who answered the WVS wave 7 questionnaires from Asian countries with a sample size of 19,795. The quantitative research method uses descriptive analysis techniques and probit regression analysis. The descriptive analysis technique uses crosstab, while the probit regression analysis technique is used to determine the effect of independence, work ethic, and spirituality on productivity in several Asian countries. Analysis crosstab shows that Tajikistan, Iran, Taiwan, Pakistan, and the Philippines have a high proportion of unemployed. Kyrgyzstan, Jordan, China, Bangladesh, and Vietnam have a higher tendency for freedom of choice (independence) in their respective country groups. Kyrgyzstan, Jordan, China, Pakistan, and Myanmar have higher work ethic tendencies. Russia, China, Japan, and Vietnam have minor religious inclinations. Probit regression results prove that independence, work ethic, and spirituality significantly affect the dependent variable (productivity). Independence and work ethic have a positive influence, while spirituality has a negative influence. In contrast, all members of the West Asian group all countries have important religious inclinations.
22
Kobayashi, Masaya, Hikari Ishido, Jiro Mizushima, and Hirotaka Ishikawa. "Multi-Dimensional Dynamics of Psychological Health Disparities under the COVID-19 in Japan: Fairness/Justice in Socio-Economic and Ethico-Political Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 16437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416437.
Full textAbstract:
This article addresses citizens’ psychological health disparities in pandemic-stricken Japan from the perspective of positive psychology with a collective/political perspective. Our analysis of three internet surveys in 2020 and 2021 in Japan indicates most people’s well-being declined continuously during this period, while some people’s well-being increased. As previous studies of health inequality proved about physical health, the objective income/assets level has influenced psychological inequality. This paper demonstrated this relation in Japan, although it is often mentioned as an egalitarian country with comparatively better health conditions. Moreover, psychological levels and changes have been associated with biological, natural environmental, cultural, and social factors. Social factors include economic, societal-community, and political factors, such as income/assets, stratification, general trust, and fairness/justice. Accordingly, multi-dimensional disparities are related to psychological health disparity; tackling the disparities along the multi-layered strata is desirable. Furthermore, subjective perception of fairness/justice is significantly associated with the level of psychological health and mitigating its decrease. Thus, fairness and justice are found to be dynamic and protective factors against the decline of psychological health. While relatively little literature on health inequality analyzes fairness/justice philosophically, this paper highlights these together with income/assets by clarifying the significance of multi-dimensional factors: natural environmental, cultural, socioeconomic, and political.
23
Yoshida, Hiroko, Yujiro Kuroda, Takahiko Kono, Wataru Naito, and Akihiro Sakoda. "Panel Session toward Improved Communication and Engagement with the Public after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: Study Reports and Discussion with Specialists from Relevant Fields." Journal of Radiation Protection and Research 46, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14407/jrpr.2020.00283.
Full textAbstract:
Background: From 2018 to 2020, the Expert Study on Public Understanding after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (the Expert Study Group) identified and analyzed activities designed to promote public understanding of science and radiation since the Fukushima accident, and held discussions on how to achieve public understanding in the situation where public confidence has been lost, and how experts should prepare for dealing with the public. This panel session was held at the 53rd meeting of the Japan Health Physics Society on June 30, 2020.Materials and Methods: First, three subgroup (SG) leaders reported their research methods and results. Then, two designated speakers, who participated as observers of the Expert Study Group, commented on the activities. Next, the five speakers held a panel discussion. Finally, the rapporteur summarized.Results and Discussion: SG leaders presented reports from researchers and practitioners in health physics and environmental risks who provided information after the Fukushima accident. During the discussion, experts in sociology and ethics discussed the issues, focusing on the overall goals of the three groups, local (personal) and mass communication, and ethical values. Many of the activities instituted by the experts after the accident were aimed at public understanding of science (that is, to provide knowledge to residents), but by taking into account interactions with residents and their ethical norms, the experts shifted to supporting the residents’ decision-making through public engagement. The need to consider both content and channels is well known in the field of health communication, and overlaps with the above discussion.Conclusion: How to implement and promote the public engagement in society was discussed in both the floor and designated discussions. Cooperation between local communities and organizations that have already gained trust is also necessary in order to develop relationships with local residents in normal times, to establish an information transmission system, and to make it work effectively.
24
Studentsov, Viktor. "Japan: a Farewell to Communitarian Capitalism?" Obshchestvo i ekonomika, no. 11 (2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760023109-8.
Full textAbstract:
The peculiarity of the Japanese economic model in the postwar decades was determined by deep-rooted, specific religious and ethical tradition, shared by virtually all segments of society. However, its survival quite critically depended on maintaining high (or at least stable) rates of economic growth which had long been facilitated by low yen and by the measures aimed at protecting domestic market. During the period of rapid growth and high employment, there emerged a special economic structure: communitarian capitalism, based on somewhat unique character of labour-capital relations. Under the external pressure Japan had to revalue its currency that provoked recession and prolonged stagnation, exacerbated in addition by flawed government policies. It was then decided to correct the revealed weaknesses of the existing economic system, including the inflexibility, by strengthening the market mechanism. Yet the quarter-century experience of neoliberal reforms, many of which were at odds with traditional views of the Japanese, had not yielded desired results
25
Isobe, Tomohiko, Hiroko Oda, Nozomi Takayanagi, Tatsuya Kunisue, Hiroaki Komori, Norimasa Arita, Norifumi Ueda, et al. "Hexabromocyclododecanes in human adipose tissue from Japan." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 4 (2009): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09024.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context. Contamination by hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), a group of brominated flame retardants, is of great concern due to their bioaccumulative nature and toxic implications. HBCD consumption in Japan is the highest among Asian countries and is still growing. In this regard, human exposure to HBCDs is of great concern in Japan. We present here the results of our investigation on Japanese human adipose tissue using LC-MS/MS. HBCDs were detected in all the samples analysed, and were generally higher in men than in women. Abstract. Residue levels of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were measured using LC-MS/MS in the Japanese human adipose tissue samples collected during 2003–2004 from Ehime prefecture (n = 26) and Kanto region (n = 9) of Japan. Concentrations of HBCDs (0.85–39 ng g–1 lipid) in the adipose tissue samples were 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than those of organochlorines (OCs). Regional differences between HBCD levels in Ehime prefecture and Kanto region were not significant. No age-dependent accumulation of HBCDs was observed. HBCD levels in men were significantly higher than those in women. Significant positive correlation between polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and HBCDs implies similar routes of exposure to these contaminants for Japanese citizens. α-HBCD was predominant among the three isomers, which is consistent with the other reports on bioaccumulation of α-HBCD in higher trophic animals.
26
Watanabe, Satoshi. "ATTITUDES TOWARDS CATCHING AND KILLING THE YAMABIRU (LAND LEECH) IN THE TENRYU AREA, JAPAN." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 3, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v3i2.1904.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, yamabiru, or land leeches (Haemadipsa zeylanica japonica), have proliferated in prefectures across Japan. Since it is unlikely that they will disappear from the living spaces, fields, and forests in which humans live and work, people living in the new contact zones have devised methods to coexist with them. The field research was conducted in 2017 and 2018 in C Township in the Tenryu area. Like many rural areas in Japan, C Township is facing the challenges of depopulation and ageing, and is home to a group of residents who aim for local revitalization. The participatory observation of leech-catching, an activity practiced by the group members who dare to use their hands to kill yamabiru instead of chemicals, provides several implications regarding ethical attitudes and the role of the human body. This paper argues that the members do not behave as victims suffering from the damage caused by yamabiru and do not kill them out of anger or discomfort. Instead, by behaving as an assailant and seeking out the concrete feeling of killing by direct contact, the members attempt to control their disastrous impact on other creatures and the environment. This behavior invites us to pay closer attention to the role of the human body and of bodily interaction as a sensory tool to coexist with other creatures in the Anthropocene, an era full of risks and uncertainty
27
Kondo, Yasuhisa, Eiichi Fujisawa, Kanako Ishikawa, Satoe Nakahara, Kyohei Matsushita, Satoshi Asano, Kaoru Kamatani, et al. "Community capability building for environmental conservation in Lake Biwa (Japan) through an adaptive and abductive approach." Socio-Ecological Practice Research 3, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42532-021-00078-3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the south basin of Lake Biwa, Shiga, Japan, overgrown aquatic weeds (submerged macrophytes) impede cruising boats and cause unpleasant odors and undesirable waste when washed ashore. To address this socio-ecological problem, Shiga Prefectural Government implemented a public program to remove overgrown weeds and compost them ashore to conserve the lake environment, while coastal inhabitants and occasional volunteers remove weeds from the beaches to maintain the quality of the living environment. However, these effects are limited because of disjointed social networks. We applied an adaptive and abductive approach to develop community capability to jointly address this problem by sharing academic knowledge with local actors and empowering them. The initial multifaceted reviews, including interviews and postal questionnaire surveys, revealed that the agro-economic value of composted weeds declined in historical and socio-psychological contexts and that most of the unengaged public relied on local governments to address environmental problems. These findings were synthesized and assessed with workshop participants, including local inhabitants, governmental agents, businesspeople, social entrepreneurs, and research experts, to unearth the best solution. The workshops resulted in the development of an e-point system, called Biwa Point, to promote and acknowledge voluntary environmental conservation activities, including beach cleaning. It may contribute to enhancing the socio-ecological capability of communities. Additionally, ethical issues, such as publication of inconvenient truths, undesired interpretation by the researchers, and social constraints in research methods, arose through our research practice.
28
Watanabe, Isao, Takashi Kashimoto, and Ryo Tatsukawa. "Polybrominated biphenyl ethers in marine fish, shellfish and river and marine sediments in Japan." Chemosphere 16, no. 10-12 (January 1987): 2389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(87)90297-9.
Full text
29
Fischli, Albert E. "Conclusions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 68, no. 9 (September 30, 1996): 1823–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199668091823.
Full textAbstract:
A crusade is ongoing against element 17 in the periodic table, i.e. chlorine, one of the most abundant on earth. It is blamed, amongst other things, to be responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer, bioaccumulation of chlorinated compounds such as DDT or PCB's in animals and for the formation of dioxins in urban waste incineration.Due to socio-economic implications the issue has gone too early beyond the borders of the scientific community, before facts have been proven and evaluated. As a result, it has been treated in inappropriate and emotional ways even affecting scientific ethics in some cases.Therefore, the International Union of Pureand Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), conscious of its responsibilities in thisarea, has decided to publish this White Book with the collaboration ofoutstanding worldwide renowned scientific specialists from North-America,Europe and Japan in order to inform the public and the decision makersas well as the scientific community in an objective, open and unbiasedway on the up-to-date scientific knowledge.In doing so IUPAC is following its philosophyto make independent judgments on important issues that are touchy or sensitiveto the general public, governments and industry. IUPAC is not acting asa judge, but would like to critically evaluate the various factors forand against a particular issue.The occurrence of chlorine in nature andalso in living organisms, either as inorganic compounds or as numerousand very diversified natural "organo-chlorines" does not makeany doubt any more (T. GRAEDEL and W.C. KEENE, G.W. GRIBBLE).The availability of the raw material, salt,the development of convenient production technologies and the chemicalproperties of chlorine have generated a blooming tree of applicationsin such different fields as the pulp and paper industry (K. SOLOMON),the disinfection of water (H. GALAL-GORCHEV) but mainly in organic synthesisleading to a host of useful products, for example, polymers, pharmaceuticals,pesticides, dyes and pigments (J. FAUVARQUE).It is quite clear that chemists have notalways been aware beforehand of all the possible consequences of havingmanufactured new molecules, be they chlorinated or not. Chemicals emittedvoluntarily or inadvertently in the environment are distributed thereaccording to a complex set of physico-chemical properties (J. MIYAMOTO, K. BALLSCHMITER).Volatile compounds such as aliphatic chlorinatedand chlorofluorinated hydrocarbons find their way to the "atmosphericcompartments". Long-lived members of this family are even able toreach the stratosphere where they have been shown to produce detrimentaleffects to the global environment (M. MOLINA).The substitution of these so-called CFC'sby new shorter-lived molecules has probably been the best example of asound scientific approach to solving environmental problems. A host ofscientific studies has shown that short-lived chlorinated aliphatic compoundsmake only minor or even insignificant contributions to environmental problemssuch as stratospheric ozone depletion, global warming, "photochemicalsmog", "acid rain" or chloride levels in precipitations(J.A. FRANKLIN and H.W. SIDEBOTTOM).Are organo-chlorines harmless or harmful? The question seems as irrelevant as asking if natural compounds areharmless and anthropogenic ones toxic.Ecotoxicity (K. BALLSCHMITER) and toxicity(A. HANBERG) as any other "chemical" property of any compounddepends on the structure of its molecule; chlorinated or otherwise halogenatedcompounds do not escape this rule. Therefore, an undifferentiated banof whole classes of chemical compounds has to be qualified as unscientific.Even in apparently "homogeneous"families such as the dioxins, toxicity varies considerably with the positionand the number of substituents (Ch. RAPPE). There is thus no scientificfoundation to the amalgamation of all chlorinated compounds as a groupshowing special toxic and ecotoxic properties, no more than one shouldconsider organo-oxygens or organo-nitrogens as a whole as harmful becausehighly toxic warfare agents as sarin or tabun contain these atoms in theirmolecules.This obviously doesn't mean that organo-chlorinewaste, as any sort of waste, has not to be managed. The problem has beentackled and technical solutions have been developed to reduce byproductsformation by improving the production processes, to destroy and/or valorisethe remaining production wastes (R. PAPP). This has now to be generalizedin the most economic and environmentally friendly ways. In some cases,post-use recycling is being developed and starts to be generalized asfor the recycling of PVC for which "second life" applicationshave been found (G. MENGES).In conclusion, I would like to add a fewwords formulated by the Nobel laureate Prof. Lord George Porter earlieron. "There is no way that humans can foresee all the consequencesof their actions, .... The only sure foundation for security in this technologicalworld is to have a science base which is continually asking whatever questionsseem interesting and is always there to advise and to act when the needemerges."It is the responsibility of the scientificcommunity to develop this science base, of the media to help them toinform the public in an understandable and unbiased way, of the publicauthority to take the relevant decisions on the bases of sound scienceand not on emotional reactions and of industry to act responsibly, endorsingproduct stewardship and responsible care. This is true for chlorineand its chemistry as well as it is for all human activities.
30
Haraguchi, Koichi, Yohsuke Hisamichi, Yuichi Kotaki, Yoshihisa Kato, and Tetsuya Endo. "Halogenated Bipyrroles and Methoxylated Tetrabromodiphenyl Ethers in Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) from the Southern Coast of Japan." Environmental Science & Technology 43, no. 7 (April 2009): 2288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802999k.
Full text
31
Kakimoto, Kensaku, Haruna Nagayoshi, Sokichi Takagi, Kazuhiko Akutsu, Yoshimasa Konishi, Keiji Kajimura, Kazuichi Hayakawa, and Akira Toriba. "Inhalation and dietary exposure to Dechlorane Plus and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Osaka, Japan." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 99 (January 2014): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.023.
Full text
32
Tauro, Alejandra, Jaime Ojeda, Terrance Caviness, Kelli P. Moses, René Moreno-Terrazas, T. Wright, Danqiong Zhu, Alexandria K. Poole, Francisca Massardo, and Ricardo Rozzi. "Field Environmental Philosophy: A Biocultural Ethic Approach to Education and Ecotourism for Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 4526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084526.
Full textAbstract:
To contribute to achieving local and global sustainability, we propose a novel educational methodology, called field environmental philosophy (FEP), which orients ecotourism practices to reconnect citizens and nature. FEP is based on the systemic approach of the biocultural ethic that values the vital links among the life habits of co-inhabitants (humans and other-than-humans) who share a common habitat. Based on this “3Hs” model (habitats, co-inhabitants, habits), FEP combines tourism with experiential education to reorient biocultural homogenization toward biocultural conservation. FEP’s methodological approach seeks to integrate social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainability by generating new links between biological and cultural diversity at different spatial and social scales. Ecotourism has an underutilized potential to link sciences with education and conservation practices at different scales. By incorporating a philosophical foundation, FEP broadens both understanding and practices of environmental education and sustainable tourism. FEP has been developed at the Omora Ethnobotanical Park in the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve, Chile, at the southern end of the Americas since 2000, where it has oriented transdisciplinary work for the creation of new protected areas and ecotourism practices. FEP enables an integration of biophysical, cultural, and institutional dimensions into the design of ecotourism activities that transform and broaden the perceptions of tourists, local guides, students, and other participants to better appreciate local biological and cultural diversity. FEP’s methodology is starting to be adapted in other world regions, such as Germany, Japan, and Mexico, to integrate education and ecotourism for sustainability.
33
Kajiwara, Natsuko, Daisuke Ueno, Atsushi Takahashi, Norihisa Baba, and Shinsuke Tanabe. "Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Organochlorines in Archived Northern Fur Seal Samples from the Pacific Coast of Japan, 1972−1998." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 14 (July 2004): 3804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049540c.
Full text
34
Nakazawa, Eisuke, Hiroyasu Ino, and Akira Akabayashi. "Chronology of COVID-19 Cases on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship and Ethical Considerations: A Report From Japan." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 4 (March 24, 2020): 506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.50.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe Diamond Princess cruise ship has been anchored at the Yokohama port in Japan since February 3, 2020. A total of 691 cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection had been confirmed as of February 23. The government initially assumed that the infection was not spreading aboard and therefore indicated that any persons who either tested negative for the virus or were asymptomatic should immediately disembark. However, on February 5, the government set a 14-day health observation period because of the severity of the infection. Passengers confirmed to be free from infection began disembarking on Day 15 (February 19) of the quarantine. The effectiveness and validity of infection control, justification for the timing of inspections, and even the nature of COVID-19 itself now are all in question. The ethical considerations related to cruise ship infection control include the reasonable justification for isolation, the psychological fragility and quality of life of the isolated passengers and crew members, the procedural justice inherent in a forced quarantine, and the optimization of control measures.The international coordination framework and the global ramifications of such outbreaks should be reevaluated by the international community. Denying a ship’s entry based on local politics is incompatible with global justice. Events such as these require an international response and global regulations that seek to reduce disparities.
35
Akutsu, K., S. Takatori, H. Nakazawa, K. Hayakawa, S. Izumi, and T. Makino. "Dietary intake estimations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) based on a total diet study in Osaka, Japan." Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B 1, no. 1 (July 2008): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19393210802236901.
Full text
36
Ohta, Souichi, Daisuke Ishizuka, Hajime Nishimura, Teruyuki Nakao, Osamu Aozasa, Yoshiko Shimidzu, Fumie Ochiai, Takafumi Kida, Masatoshi Nishi, and Hideaki Miyata. "Comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish, vegetables, and meats and levels in human milk of nursing women in Japan." Chemosphere 46, no. 5 (February 2002): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00233-8.
Full text
37
Eslami, Bita, Akio Koizumi, Souichi Ohta, Kayoko Inoue, Osamu Aozasa, Kouji Harada, Tekeo Yoshinaga, et al. "Large-scale evaluation of the current level of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk from 13 regions of Japan." Chemosphere 63, no. 4 (April 2006): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.067.
Full text
38
Koizumi, Akio, Takeo Yoshinaga, Kouji Harada, Kayoko Inoue, Akiko Morikawa, Junko Muroi, Sumiko Inoue, et al. "Assessment of human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Japan using archived samples from the early 1980s and mid-1990s." Environmental Research 99, no. 1 (September 2005): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2004.12.002.
Full text
39
Komada, Mayuko T., Jung Su Lee, Etsuko Watanabe, Eisuke Nakazawa, Katsumi Mori, and Akira Akabayashi. "Factors of influenza vaccine inoculation and non-inoculation behavior of community-dwelling residents in Japan: Suggestions for vaccine policy and public health ethics after COVID-19." Vaccine: X 13 (April 2023): 100245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100245.
Full text
40
Awad, Edmond, Bence Bago, Jean-François Bonnefon, Nicholas A. Christakis, Iyad Rahwan, and Azim Shariff. "Polarized Citizen Preferences for the Ethical Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in 20 Countries." MDM Policy & Practice 7, no. 2 (July 2022): 238146832211135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23814683221113573.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. When medical resources are scarce, clinicians must make difficult triage decisions. When these decisions affect public trust and morale, as was the case during the COVID-19 pandemic, experts will benefit from knowing which triage metrics have citizen support. Design. We conducted an online survey in 20 countries, comparing support for 5 common metrics (prognosis, age, quality of life, past and future contribution as a health care worker) to a benchmark consisting of support for 2 no-triage mechanisms (first-come-first-served and random allocation). Results. We surveyed nationally representative samples of 1000 citizens in each of Brazil, France, Japan, and the United States and also self-selected samples from 20 countries (total N = 7599) obtained through a citizen science website (the Moral Machine). We computed the support for each metric by comparing its usability to the usability of the 2 no-triage mechanisms. We further analyzed the polarizing nature of each metric by considering its usability among participants who had a preference for no triage. In all countries, preferences were polarized, with the 2 largest groups preferring either no triage or extensive triage using all metrics. Prognosis was the least controversial metric. There was little support for giving priority to healthcare workers. Conclusions. It will be difficult to define triage guidelines that elicit public trust and approval. Given the importance of prognosis in triage protocols, it is reassuring that it is the least controversial metric. Experts will need to prepare strong arguments for other metrics if they wish to preserve public trust and morale during health crises. Highlights We collected citizen preferences regarding triage decisions about scarce medical resources from 20 countries. We find that citizen preferences are universally polarized. Citizens either prefer no triage (random allocation or first-come-first served) or extensive triage using all common triage metrics, with “prognosis” being the least controversial. Experts will need to prepare strong arguments to preserve or elicit public trust in triage decisions.
41
Cherepanova, Svitlana. "Philosophy of Education: on the Issue of Conceptualization." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 27, no. 2 (March 2, 2022): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2021-27-2-8.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophy of education functions as systematic socio-cultural phenomenon combining methodology, science, values, national/European/world pedagogical traditions. Philosophy of education is characterized by complex of theories (ideas), scientific, cultural, values, moral and ethical principles determining not only the meaning / content of education and training, but also a certain type of personality. Worldview-philosophical analysis emphasizes the planetary-cosmic dimension of human existence and the planetary-cosmic personality type (anthropic principle; man-microcosm as a reflection of the macrocosm-universe). World relations in the coordinates of culture, man-made (western) and traditionalist (eastern), identifies personality types: individualistic (West), collectivist (East). The article reveals the compatibility of ideas, theories, approaches (philosophical anthropology and ontology, subjective, cultural, comparative, communicative, praxeological), according to the priorities of the post-neoclassical. On this basis, the expediency of the theoretical and methodological tools of the philosophy of education as a synergistic of interaction of basic life-value concepts (man-science-culture-art-style of thinking) and goal-setting - the formation of the subject of culture. The subject of culture is formed in certain society (pluralism of political, economic, legal, educational, religious systems), environment of immanent values, moral and ethical precepts, customs, beliefs, spiritual traditions. The spiritual and value bases of the existence of the European person as a subject of culture determine the space of the Judeo-Christian tradition and technogenic (Western) civilization. For a person as a subject of culture of the eastern (traditionalist) area, the spiritual and value basis is Confucianism and Taoism (China), Confucianism and Buddhism (Japan). The activity of the subject of culture in particular is realized in planetary space. Comparative analysis of West-East communication actualizes trans-scientific intentions of philosophy of education. The praxeological directions of strategic social changes in Ukraine are singled out: fundamental turn to science and education; modernization of science-intensive technical-technological-production processes; financing of innovations (investments, business) at the level of leading universities.
42
Amarullah, Adinugraha, Dwi Febriyani, Farida Anwari, and Khurin In Wahyuni. "Profil Terapi Antidiabetes Oral Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II Di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Anwar Medika." Journal of Pharmaceutical Care Anwar Medika 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36932/jpcam.v3i2.71.
Full textAbstract:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition because of the body cannot produce insulin normally or insulin cannot work effectively. This damage if chronic occurs will cause complications. In the province of East Java the prevalence of DM sufferers of 2.1% ranks 9th, and prevalence of DM in Sidoarjo is patients with a diagnosis of 3.6% of the total population of East Java. The purpose of this study was to look at the profile of oral antidiabetic therapy in type II diabetes mellitus patients in the outpatient installation of Anwar Medika Hospital. The sampling method used is non random sampling Data retrieval from 17 February to 30 April 2020 with a data collection sheet that has been validated. Management of DM patients consists of 4pillars that is education, nutritional therapy, physical activity and pharmacology. The study was conducted in an outpatient installation of Anwar Medika Hospital with 62 samples that fit the inclusion criteria. The results showed that most patients with type II diabetes mellitus were female, as many as 44 patients (70.96%) of 62 patients. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus who most went to Anwar Medika Hospital and got ADO prescription drugs were patients with an age range of 56-65 years as many as 24 patients (38.70%) of 62 patients. Most of the most commonly prescribed ADO drugs by doctors were Glimepirid 34 (91,89%) and combination of 2 kinds of drugs by 22 patients (88%) out of 62 patients. Most patients use more than 1 drug. It is therefore recommended that pharmacy installation officers at Anwar Medika Hospital can provide an understanding of DM, provide counseling related to medicines prescribed to patients and monitor the success of patient therapy. This research is worthy of ethics with numberNo.633/RSAM/VII/2020
43
Jain, Ameeta, Monica Keneley, and Dianne Thomson. "Voluntary CSR disclosure works! Evidence from Asia-Pacific banks." Social Responsibility Journal 11, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-10-2012-0136.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in six large banks each from Japan, China, Australia and India over the period of 2005-2011. Design/methodology/approach – CSR and banks’ annual reports and websites were analysed using a comprehensive disclosure framework to evaluate the themes of ethical standards, extent of CSR reporting, environment, products, community, employees, supply chain management and benchmarking. Findings – Over the seven years, bank CSR disclosure improved in all four countries. Australian banks were found to have the best scores and Indian banks demonstrated maximum improvement. Despite the absence of legislative requirements or standards for CSR, this paper finds that CSR reporting continued to improve in quality and quantity in the region on a purely voluntary basis. Research limitations/implications – This study indicates that financial institutions have a commitment to CSR activities. The comparison between financial institutions in developed and developing economies suggests that the motivation for such activities is complex. A review of the studied banks suggests that strategic rather than economic drivers are an important influence. Practical implications – Asia-Pacific Governments need not mandate bank CSR reporting standards as the banks improved their CSR reporting consistently over the seven years despite the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Originality/value – A disclosure framework index is used to assess the comprehensiveness of bank practice in relation to CSR reporting. This approach enables cross-sectional and cross-country comparisons over time and the ability to replicate and apply to other industries or sectors.
44
Aristyo, Raymond, and Hasni Hasni. "ANALISIS TERHADAP MASALAH PENETAPAN NILAI GANTI RUGI DALAM RANGKA PEMBEBASAN TANAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL KUNCIRAN-SERPONG (STUDI KASUS: PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI TANGERANG NOMOR 333/Pdt.G/2018/PN.Tng. Jo. PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 3049 K/Pdt/2018)." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v2i2.6532.
Full textAbstract:
Infrastructure development for the public interest is indeed very urgent to be held immediately given that some infrastructure development facilities are still very alarming so that it becomes a priority in the development program. In addition, land acquisition for public interest development is supported by high population growth and increased community aspirations and improved development for the public interest which continues to increase. Filling land for development in the public interest, valuation of compensation by appraisers is carried out per field, parcels of land and underground land, buildings, plants, objects related to land, or other losses that can be shared. In carrying out activities, the appraiser is guided by standards, while in carrying out his duties the appraiser approves the code of ethics. In the evaluation of community change, weak decisions that cannot be refused by the government asking for land, like it or not, like it or not the community requires land to the government, the community must accept and leave the environment where they were raised, returned and memories of their homes. Related to the writer interested in doing an analysis of the problem of determining the value of compensation in the framework of land acquisition for the construction of the Kunciran-Serpong toll road. This analysis is carried out using normative research methods with the aim of appealing to the principles of law and searching for theoretical scientific truths of the problems discussed.
45
Gibelli, Filippo, Giovanna Ricci, Ascanio Sirignano, Stefania Turrina, and Domenico De Leo. "The Increasing Centrality of Robotic Technology in the Context of Nursing Care: Bioethical Implications Analyzed through a Scoping Review Approach." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (August 28, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1478025.
Full textAbstract:
At the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution, the healthcare industry is experiencing a momentous shift in the direction of increasingly pervasive technologization of care. If, up until the 2000s, imagining healthcare provided by robots was a purely futuristic fantasy, today, such a scenario is in fact a concrete reality, especially in some countries, such as Japan, where nursing care is largely delivered by assistive and social robots in both public and private healthcare settings, as well as in home care. This revolution in the context of care, already underway in many countries and destined to take place soon on a global scale, raises obvious ethical issues, related primarily to the progressive dehumanization of healthcare, a process which, moreover, has undergone an important acceleration following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has made it necessary to devise new systems to deliver healthcare services while minimizing interhuman contact. According to leading industry experts, nurses will be the primary users of healthcare robots in the short term. The aim of this study is to provide a general overview, through a scoping review approach, of the most relevant ethical issues that have emerged in the nursing care field in relation to the increasingly decisive role that service robots play in the provision of care. Specifically, through the adoption of the population-concept-context framework, we formulated this broad question: what are the most relevant ethical issues directly impacting clinical practice that arise in nursing care delivered by assistive and social robots? We conducted the review according to the five-step methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. The first two steps, formulating the main research question and carrying out the literature search, were performed based on the population-context-concept (PCC) framework suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Starting from an initial quota of 2,328 scientific papers, we performed an initial screening through a computer system by eliminating duplicated and non-English language articles. The next step consisted of selection based on a reading of the titles and abstracts, adopting four precise exclusion criteria: articles related to a nonnursing environment, articles dealing with bioethical aspects in a marginal way, articles related to technological devices other than robots, and articles that did not treat the dynamics of human-robot relationships in depth. Of the 2,328 titles and abstracts screened, we included 14. The results of the 14 papers revealed the existence of nonnegligible difficulties in the integration of robotic systems within nursing, leading to a lively search for new theoretical ethical frameworks, in which robots can find a place; concurrent with this exploration are the frantic attempts to identify the best ethical design system applicable to robots who work alongside nurses in hospital wards. In the final part of the paper, we also proposed considerations about the Italian nursing context and the legal implications of nursing care provided by robots in light of the Italian legislative panorama. Regarding future perspectives, this paper offers insights regarding robot engagement strategies within nursing.
46
Carmody, Eoin P., Kevin J. James, and Seán S. Kelly. "Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning: Evaluation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Methods for Determination of Dinophyslstoxin-2." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 6 (November 1, 1995): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.6.1403.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2), an isomer of okadaic acid (OA), recently has been found in Irish waters. DTX-2 was the predominant toxin during prolonged infestations in cultivated mussels along the southwest coast of Ireland. Substantial variations in toxin levels may exist both horizontally and vertically in the water column. The need to take multiple samples and the ethical concern about the use of mammals for routine quality control of shellfish prompted examination of 2 commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, designed to detect OA, for determination of both OA and DTX-2. One ELISA method (DSPCheck, Sceti Co. Ltd., (Tokyo, Japan) showed good cross-reactivity (40 ± 5%) with standard DTX-2. This study showed that both ELISA methods show good correlation with the liquid chromatographic analysis of 9-anthryldiazomethane derivatives when OA is the predominant toxin present. The sensitivity was also good for OA determination using both methods, which allowed toxin measurement at 10 ng/mL (0.5 ng/well). This level is equivalent to 0.03 μg/g mussel meat. Blank mussel samples spiked with DTX-2 standards gave a good linear correlation (r = 0.997) with this ELISA method when toxin levels were 0.03-0.3 μg/g mussel meat. This range is appropriate for regulatory control of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning.
47
Millás-Mur, Jaime. "Clinical and ethical use of induced pluripotent stem cells / Uso clinico ed etico delle cellule pluripotenti indotte." Medicina e Morale 67, no. 3 (July 30, 2018): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2018.540.
Full textAbstract:
Since its discovery, more than a decade ago, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) have had a prominent relevance in the environments of biomedical research and, at the same time, their origin has been related to the search for an ethical alternative to use of the stem cells obtained from internal mass of the human embryo. In this article we intend to give an overview of its possible applications in the advancement of biomedicine and its relationship with bioethics. From its possible application to regenerate tissues, after proceeding to their differentiation; testing of drugs for different conditions; or their use in models of diseases, among which the neurological ones stand out. Also, its application in obtaining germ cells and human embryos. The situation of the first clinical trial to regenerate a tissue from the subject’s own iPS cells, and the recent allogeneic transplantation in Japan, suggest advances in the clinical translation of these cells. On the other hand, the production of germ cells from iPS cells and the new cells called extended pluripotent stem cells (EPS), obtained by genetic reprogramming through a chemical cocktail, that give rise not only to the tissues of the embryonic layers, but also extra- embryonic, are a new path to making clonation by another route.----------Fin dalla sua scoperta, per oltre un decennio, cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte (iPS) hanno un’importanza notevole nella ricerca biomedica ambienti e, allo stesso tempo, la sua origine è legata alla ricerca di un’alternativa etica all’utilizzo le cellule staminali ottenute dalla massa interna dell’embrione umano. In questo articolo diamo una panoramica delle possibili applicazioni nell’avanzamento biomedicina e la loro relazione bioetica. Dalla sua possibile applicazione di rigenerare il tessuto, quindi procedere alla differenziazione; la sperimentazione di farmaci per diversi disturbi; o il suo uso in modelli di malattie, tra cui spiccano quelle neurologiche. Così come la sua applicazione nell’ottenere cellule germinali e embrioni umani. La situazione del primo studio clinico per rigenerare un tessuto da cellule iPS e proprio trapianto recente del soggetto in Giappone rappresentano passi nella traduzione clinica di queste cellule. Inoltre la produzione di cellule germinali dalle cellule iPS e nuove cellule chiamate cellule staminali pluripotenti estesi (EPS), riprogrammando geneticamente da un cocktail chimico, causando non solo ai tessuti degli strati embrionali, ma extraembrionali anche costituire un nuovo percorso verso la clonazione di un altro itinerario.
48
Wada, Yasuhiko, Akio Koizumi, Takeo Yoshinaga, Kouji Harada, Kayoko Inoue, Akiko Morikawa, Junko Muroi, et al. "Secular Trends and Geographical Variations in the Dietary Intake of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Using Archived Samples from the Early 1980s and Mid 1990s in Japan." Journal of Occupational Health 47, no. 3 (May 2005): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.47.236.
Full text
49
Carrero, Justin, Anna Krzeminska, and Charmine E. J. Härtel. "The DXC technology work experience program: disability-inclusive recruitment and selection in action." Journal of Management & Organization 25, no. 04 (July 2019): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.23.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWith the rapid advancement of innovative technology, coupled with IT being a core function in contemporary business, there has been an upward trend of multi-national companies (MNCs) reporting a skill deficit in areas such as data analytics and cybersecurity (Columbus, 2017. IBM predicts demand for data scientists will soar 28% By 2020. Forbes; NeSmith, 2018. The cybersecurity gap is an industry crisis. Forbes). In a recent survey with over 3,000 CIOs, 65% indicated their organizations were unable to maintain par with the progression of technology in areas such as data analytics and security due to a lack of adequate talent (Harvey Nash & KPMG, 2018. CIO survey 2018). Although, organizations have recently started to expand their talent pipeline following a neurological breakthrough: research as well as anecdotal evidence suggests adults with mild forms of autism display above-average intelligence, increased attention focus, and high visual–spatial abilities; a combination in high market demand for roles such as software testing, data analysis, cybersecurity, and engineering due to their uncanny ability with pattern recognition, information processing, analytics, and attention to detail.These auspicious developments come at the helm of an increasing rate of governments around the world implementing provisions to their labour regulations towards equitable hiring of people with disabilities (Myors et al., 2017. Perspectives from 22 countries on the legal environment for selection. Handbook of Employee Selection. 659–677. Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School of Business.). Some, such as France, Japan, Kenya, Korea, and Taiwan, have gone so far as to set quota targets (Myors et al., 2017. Perspectives from 22 countries on the legal environment for selection. Handbook of Employee Selection. 659–677. Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School of Business.). The implication for organizations is that they need to develop disability-inclusive recruitment and selection systems along with work designs and environments that are disability friendly. But what does this mean in practice? What does a disability-inclusive recruitment and selection system look like?Enter DXC Technology (DXC): born out of a merger between global conglomerate Computer Science Corporation and Hewlett Packard Enterprise, generating close to $25 billion annually in revenue, with clients across more than 70 countries, they strategically became a pioneer in the digital transformation that was taking place globally. In the wake of the breakthrough in employment diversity, DXC recognized this as an opportunity to gain a critical edge within the increasingly competitive talent pool market. First, design a program of their own for recruiting and selecting adults with high functioning autism. Next, through a collaboration with various universities including the University of Queensland and Macquarie University, Neurodiversity Hubs were established; an initiative designed to assist neurodivergent students with obtaining work experience and internships. In doing so, they faced the following key challenges: How could they design a recruitment and selection strategy for neurodivergent individuals that was equitable, ethical, and efficient? In particular, where could they find suitable neurodivergent candidates, what criteria should they use to select them, and how should they handle unsuccessful candidates to ensure beneficial outcomes for all stakeholders?
50
Naito, Wataru, Motoki Uesaka, Yujiro Kuroda, Takahiko Kono, Akihiro Sakoda, and Hiroko Yoshida. "Examples of practical activities related to public understanding of radiation risk following the Fukushima nuclear accident." Radioprotection 55, no. 4 (October 2020): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2020086.
Full textAbstract:
After the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, a number of practical activities related to public understanding (PU) of radiation risks were implemented inside and outside Fukushima Prefecture. The various noteworthy approaches and strategies behind those practical activities have not been organized and made explicit thus far. In this study, we have organized the noteworthy practical activities related to PU of radiation risks following the Fukushima nuclear accident, and discussed them mainly from the standpoints of communication strategies and approaches. As several examples demonstrate, efforts to contextualize and localize radiation risk in various forms were observed during post-accident recovery in Fukushima, and these efforts were confirmed, through actual experiences, to be an important component of effective PU activities of radiation risks. Community-based or citizen science approaches, such as having affected residents or citizens to measure radioactivity, have contributed to the PU of radiological situations, but some challenges, such as ethical aspects and the handling of uncertainty, have also been revealed. In the era of information and communications technology, a number of citizens, experts, and agencies have made social media a popular platform for disseminating radiation risk messages to the public and have demonstrated that social media can play an important role in providing radiological risk information. The knowledge and lessons learned from the practical activities discussed in this study can be useful in enhancing PU of risks not only radiation but also other stressors such as toxic chemicals, preparing future disasters and supporting risk communication plans during recovery periods after disasters.