Academic literature on the topic 'Ethics; environment; Japan'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ethics; environment; Japan"
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Shaikh, Muzaffar A. "Ethics of Decision-Making in Islamic and Western Environments." American Journal of Islam and Society 5, no. 1 (September 1, 1988): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v5i1.2883.
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IntroductionWith the advent of ultra-modern communications technology and publicawareness of suspicious business practices, the question of ethics in decisionmakinghas become extremely important in today’s business world, incommercial as well as government sectors. A. M. Senia (1403 AH/ 1982AC) agrees with Dr. Mark Pastin of Arizona State University, that the keyto the success of American business is to divert its attention to the studyof, and implementation of ethics instead of turning to Japan for innovativeideas. Dr. Pastin concludes that the employees are more and more concernedabout the worthwhileness of their work rather than their economic survival.He suggests that by giving “real world examples-if, for instance, a firmadopts its own stricter guidelines for certain governmental regulations, thenit can meet the stringent governmental requirements and in the end, increasethe firm’s share of market. A clear proof of increasing awareness of the ethicsof decision-making is evident by the fact that the Center for Public and PrivateSector Ethics has acquired great popularity since its inception in 1400 AH/1980AC.Decision-making is an integral part of both day-to-day and long-termaffairs of a single individual or a group of individuals. Factors such as decisionmagnitude (major versus minor), decision impact (high versus low), thedecision-making body itself (a single person, a family, or a committee ofpersons), and decision environment (under certainty, risk, uncertainty, orcompetition) etc., are the determinants of whether or not a single individualor a group of individuals makes a decision. While Green and Tull (1407AH/1987 AC) and others break down the decision process into several steps(i.e., recognition of the problem, generation of alternatives, evaluation ofalternatives, and implementation of the selected alternative), the evaluation ...
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Suseno, Iriyanto Widi. "PENDIDIKAN ANAK MODEL ORANG TUA DI JEPANG." KIRYOKU 2, no. 1 (May 24, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v2i1.58-64.
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Each nation has its own educational pattern, according to its cultural values. To see the character of a banga need to examine how the education of children based on the cultural values it embraces. Japan is known as a nation whose nation is disciplined, hardworking, and independent. This kind of Japanese character can be formed through the ways parents in Japan in educating their children in the family environment. This study would like to reveal the pattern or way parents in Japan in educating their children. The length of this study is important when looking at the fact that the Japanese state to date has become a developed country and has strong economic stability and security. The role of the characters that shape the mental attitude of the Japanese becomes an important factor. The position and function of the family in the education of Japanese character as the leading sector. Parents as role models for children at home, namely in the introduction and planting value of empathy, discipline, ethics and Gambaru.Keywords: children's education, family, parents, character
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Caney, Simon, and Cameron Hepburn. "Carbon Trading: Unethical, Unjust and Ineffective?" Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 69 (September 22, 2011): 201–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246111000282.
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Cap-and-trade systems for greenhouse gas emissions are an important part of the climate change policies of the EU, Japan, New Zealand, among others, as well as China (soon) and Australia (potentially). However, concerns have been raised on a variety of ethical grounds about the use of markets to reduce emissions. For example, some people worry that emissions trading allows the wealthy to evade their responsibilities. Others are concerned that it puts a price on the natural environment. Concerns have also been raised about the distributional justice of emissions trading. Finally, some commentators have questioned the actual effectiveness of emissions trading in reducing emissions. This paper considers these three categories of objections – ethics, justice and effectiveness – through the lens of moral philosophy and economics. It is concluded that only the objections based on distributional justice can be sustained. This points to reform of the carbon market system, rather than its elimination.
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Martinus, Kirsten, and David Hedgcock. "The methodological challenge of cross-national qualitative research." Qualitative Research Journal 15, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-07-2013-0046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the difficulties faced during the interview process in a cross-national qualitative comparative case study between Japan and Australia. It discusses the challenges in producing insightful data and preserving the integrity of findings when methodologies are influenced by different cultural and professional environments. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores literature on cross-national qualitative research in the context of policy research as well as the philosophical and professional differences between Japan and Western countries (like Australia). It reflects on practical examples and strategies used by the researcher during the ethics and interview processes when adapting widely accepted qualitative case study methodology to suit the Japanese cultural and professional environment. Findings – The paper finds that linguistic, cultural, professional and philosophical differences between the countries challenged initial researcher assumptions that comparability between the case study regions would be maintained through the application of accepted methodologies and an “insider” status. It observes that the quest to generate rich and insightful data places the character and capability of the researcher as central in the research process. Originality/value – This paper provides practical examples and strategies for social science researchers using interview methods in Japan and Australian. It points to a need for further research on the ambiguous and elusive nature of the “insider” paradigm as well as the “comparability” of cross-national qualitative case studies when methodological “flexibility” is used to enrich and preserve the integrity of research findings.
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Fujiamaki, Takamitsu, Kaoru Tamura, Tatsuya Abe, Mitsutoshi Nakada, Akiko Higuchi, Yuko Watanabe, and Motoo Nagane. "COT-28 Questionnaire Survey Regarding Working Condition of the Members Belongs to the Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology (JSNO) by the Gender Equality and Diversity Committee of the JSNO, 2021." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_6 (December 1, 2021): vi30—vi31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab159.120.
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Abstract Gender Equality and Diversity Committee (“Women and Diversity in Neuro-oncology - WING”) of the Japan Society for Neuro-oncology (JSNO) was established in November 2020 with the aim of supporting and providing better opportunities for diverse members including women in JSNO. In order to achieve this goal, the JSNO and WING planned to conduct a questionnaire survey of all members in the fall of 2021 to investigate the actual situation of members. The targets of this study were clinicians, basic researchers, nurses and allied health professionals including medical social workers. The survey is conducted after obtaining the approval of the Ethics Committee and Academic Committee of the JSNO. Method: As of September 26, this questionnaire is currently underway online and anonymously. The questionnaire includes questions on work environment, home environment (including childcare and nursing care) for understanding work-life balance, existence of problems related to career development, support measures considered necessary, and expectations for WING. Results: As the results of the questionnaire were not available at the time of writing this abstract. However at the presentation we will present the statistical analysis of the survey. Various comparisons of the questionnaire items common to those of the Japan Neurosurgical Society and the Japan Pediatric Society, which were conducted several years before this survey. Conclusion: Respect for diversity is increasingly important in the field of neuro-oncology. Surveys are important for the future success of our diverse community, and we believe that this survey will be an important milestone.
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Doering, Keiko, Jean Patterson, and Christine Griffiths. "NegotiatingWa(Harmony): A Qualitative Study About the Challenges Japanese Women Who Live in New Zealand Have in Maintaining Their Birth Traditions." International Journal of Childbirth 6, no. 1 (2016): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.6.1.27.
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Cultural birth customs play an important role in maintaining women’s psychological well-being throughout childbearing. The goals of this study were (a) to explore how Japanese women living in New Zealand keep or perform their birth traditions, (b) to educate caregivers about the importance of these traditions to Japanese women, and (c) to provide an environment within which Japanese women feel able to express and negotiate their cultural practices.Following ethical approval from the Otago Polytechnic Research Ethics Committee (ETHICS 470), 13 Japanese women, who had given birth in New Zealand within the previous 3 years, were interviewed individually, or in a focus group. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The women were all born in Japan, had moved to New Zealand in their 20s, and lived in New Zealand for a period between 2 and 19 years.The women valued their birth traditions and tried to practice these throughout their pregnancy and following birth. This was not always possible within the New Zealand maternity and cultural setting where there was a lack of support or understanding from family and care providers. There was also limited access to shrines where they could perform the rituals. This caused some of the women to experience cultural conflicts.The desire to maintain harmony with others and the environment is embedded in Japanese culture, and this made it difficult for the women in this study to express their need to fulfill these practices and rituals.Although this study focused on Japanese women’s attitudes and cultural practices, it highlights the importance of being able to maintain a woman’s cultural links, particularly around childbirth. It is essential for caregivers to understand that each woman brings her own cultural understandings and traditions to her birth experience and that the support to practice birth rituals contributes to her peace of mind and well-being.
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Kane, Chikako, Kenshi Takechi, Masayuki Chuma, Hiroshi Nokihara, Tomoko Takagai, and Hiroaki Yanagawa. "Perspectives of non-specialists on the potential to serve as ethics committee members." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 5 (January 24, 2019): 1868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518823941.
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Objective In Japan, under the new Clinical Trials Act pertaining to investigator-initiated clinical trials that came into effect on 1 April 2018, review boards should review proposed clinical trials while considering written opinions from specialists. Additionally, involvement of non-specialists is mandatory, and attention is being placed on their effective contributions. This study was performed to determine representative key issues with which to promote these contributions. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2018 using a focus group interview of six non-specialists regarding perspectives on clinical research itself and research ethics committees. Results For perspectives on clinical research itself, 33 codes were established and sorted into 2 categories and 6 subcategories relating to ambivalence toward clinical research. For perspectives on research ethics committees, 54 codes were established and sorted into 3 categories and 10 subcategories relating to the theme “knowledge and an environment that promotes non-specialist members’ participation.” One notable result was the willingness of participants to obtain details about a study should they be selected. Conclusions The results suggest that detailed explanation of a particular study would encourage non-specialist members to participate in a clinical research review committee. Education aimed at non-specialist participation should therefore be considered in future studies.
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Satoh, Miho, Akiko Fujimura, and Naoko Sato. "Competency of Academic Nurse Educators." SAGE Open Nursing 6 (January 2020): 237796082096938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2377960820969389.
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Background In the face of a rapidly changing social environment and increasing demand for health care services, there is a global concern that academic nurse educators should have expert-level competencies and should improve the level of nursing education. Objective This study aimed to investigate the elements that constitute competency in academic nurse educators. Methods A cross-sectional self-completed online survey was conducted involving academic nurse educators working at universities in Japan. We invited 277 nursing universities to participate in the survey and to provide academic nurse educators with information about the research by contacting the dean of each university’s nursing department. In total, 372 educators completed the survey (response rate 4.03%), and after excluding those with incomplete data, 367 were analyzed (valid response rate 3.97%). The data were analyzed by exploratory-factor analysis, with the least-squares method and promax rotation performed. Results An exploratory analysis yielded five competency factors: “facilitating active learning,” “engaging in academic research activities,” “participating in university management,” “undertaking self-directed learning based on professional ethics,” and “practicing education autonomously.” Conclusions The competencies identified in the present study are essential for academic nurse educators, and the five factors are in accord with the findings of previous studies. Support systems for academic nursing educators should be established to improve their competencies comprehensively. However, further research is needed to develop the competencies of academic nurse educators into more comprehensive and sophisticated competencies.
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Taka, Iwao. "Business Ethics: A Japanese View." Business Ethics Quarterly 4, no. 1 (January 1994): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857559.
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Abstract:Although “fairness” and “social responsibilities” form part of the business ethics agenda of Japanese corporations, the meaning of these terms must be understood in the context of the distinctive Japanese approach to ethics. In Japan, ethics is inextricably bound up with religious dimension (two normative environments) and social dimension (framework of concentric circles). The normative environments, influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, and other traditional and modern Japanese religions, emphasize that not only individuals but also groups have their own spirit (numen) which is connected to the ultimate reality. The framework of concentric circles lets moral agents apply different ethical rules to the respective circles. The dynamics of these religious and social dimensions lead to a different view of both individuals and corporations from that dominant in the West.
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Mulyaningsih, Mulyaningsih. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE “SHARING” BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM IN INCREASING HR COMPETENCE IN INDONESIA (FACING ASIAN FUTURE SHOCK 2020)." Journal Of Educational Experts (JEE) 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30740/jee.v2i1p39-46.
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Indonesia as the country with the opportunity cost of investment and the highest corruption in ASIA business caused a cultural and population changes which is affect to family structure in the development business and state. Based on those conditions, Indonesia must change fast become count country in ASIA to build character through local knowledge possessed a vast country and large The shift in the pattern of the surviving members of regional communities is an indicator of impending shocks to the mindset, ways of thinking, feeling and reacting based on the environment and the condition of the demands of the behavior of the members together are embraced and accepted by the organization to act and solve problems, adapt and unites members of the organization through a shift in values, norms and cultural rules significantly (mean) the impact of the shock towards the life of the nation both by employers and stakeholders organizations in Indonesia. ASIA development of the business sector in the 21st century emphasizes ethical investment. Ethical investments In the 21st century, supporting ethical organization, including in developed countries the problem of ethics and organizational behavior into consideration when deciding policies and financial. The idea of ethical investment had various depend on each country, and company cultural perception. The application of ethical investment strategies of individual, non-profit organizations, governments and companies to attract potential investors, in the hope that the fund is managed in a way that does not have a negative impact on society, including Indonesian society. The influence of cultural, social and geographical had very strong impact to employers and stakeholders behavior. The diversity behavior is fundamental basic considered in fundamentals treatment will support the success of Indonesia development over this years. It will deal with the honesty, integrity in the right employees, strong leadership and support for ethnic behavior. Those conditions would cause a shock to the human resources therefore need nation quality recovery in national policies circle in order to determine direction of attitudes change and nation view as an interactive consequence in organizational culture characteristic which is owned Indonesian HR should be able to function as a tool to support the implementation of the development progress through employee competence and leadership. The Indonesian efforts to increase capacity and competence of the Human Resources (HR) with respect to resilience in the face of 2020, namely the implementation of a characteristic of organization culture that will affect the way work is done and how employees behave based on the philosophy of Pancasila and the results of research in the form of build character first through local wisdom in the sunda level; like "sareundeuk saigel sabobot sapihanean, penance grindstones penance foster compassion, silih simbeuh mean to share (Sharing). (Mulyaningsih, Japan Meijo 2015) The paradigm of thought in enhancing the competence of behaving for Human Resources in Indonesia by sharing (sharing) the future is not only to be able to survive in the economic crisis but as a cornerstone in carrying out the work or the owner (owner) as well as the investors who use ethical investment as competence businesses, professional stakeholders to support the business sector and the advantages of statehood in Indonesia capable of competitiveness in 2020.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethics; environment; Japan"
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Kreß, Carl Friedrich. "Heideggers Umweltethos." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16733.
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Im ersten Teil unternimmt der Autor den Versuch, Martin Heideggers Philosophie als eine Ontologie der Kontingenz zu lesen. Eine solche Ontologie macht keine abschließenden Aussagen mehr über das, was ist, sondern darüber, wie das, was ist, durch Kontingenz geprägt ist. Hierfür identifiziert sie die unterschiedlichen Ereignisweisen von Welt, Erde, Gott und Sprache als diejenigen Strukturen und Konfigurationen, aus denen sich das Kontingente ereignet. Durch den Rekurs auf das Ereignis wird der Begriff des Nichts zu einem ihrer Schlüsselwörter. Er spiegelt sich in Heideggers Versuch wieder, Natur als Physis zu verstehen. Eine als Physis aufgefasste Natur offenbart ihre Ambivalenz gegenüber den technischen Deutungsversuchen der Neuzeit. Auf diese Weise konfrontiert sie den Menschen mit dessen eigener Kontingenz. Heidegger entwickelt hieraus eine spezifische Form des Umweltethos: Es geht nicht mehr darum, in der Natur unveränderliche Werte zu erblicken, vielmehr liegt das Normative in einer Haltung gegenüber der Kontingenz. Der zweite Teil wirft einen Blick auf das Denken in Japan. Dazu erfolgt ein detaillierter Vergleich des heideggerschen Nichts-Begriffs mit dem japanischen. Er zeigt, dass der japanische Nichts-Begriff es weder erlaubt, zu einer Ontologie der Kontingenz zu gelangen noch zu einem Umweltethos nach Heidegger.The first part of this work approaches Heideggers philosophy as an Ontology of Contingency. An Ontology of Contingency doesn''t try to find final answeres to that what is. It rather tries to understand in what way that what is is in the light of contingency. To understand how contingency influences being, it identifies different Ways of Enowning (Ereignisweisen) such as world, earth, god and language as structural configurations that enable emergence. When trying to understand the Ontology of Contingency and its Ways of Enowning nothingness becomes one of its keywords. Nothingness is best understood whithin Heideggers notion of nature as physis. The ambivalence of physis preserves nature of technical interpretations of the modern age and thus konfronts man with his own contingency. From this Heidegger develops a specific notion of Environmental Ethos as opposed to environmental ethics. Heideggers Ethos does not rely on values but sees normative actions as a kind of mindset towards contingency. The second part of this work follows the idea that western philosophy and Japanese thinking can be connected by a common notion of nothingness and thus also yield a common notion of environmental ethics. However, the comparision of Heideggers notion of nothingness with Japanese concepts shows that the latter will not allow for a Ontology of Contingency nor an Environmental Ethos.
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Snyder, Lydia L. "Voicing Mother Nature: Ecomusicological Perspectives on Gender and Philosophy in Japanese Shakuhachi Practice." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1556496056536201.
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Kagawa-Fox, Midori. "The ethics of Japan’s global environmental policy." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77316.
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This thesis examines several Japanese government policies that impact on the environment in order to determine whether they incorporate a sufficient ethical substance. Japan built its domestic environmental policy on the experiences of combating its catastrophic post war pollution crises; these crises were created as the result of the country’s relentless drive towards becoming a world economic super-power. As with many other countries, global environmental issues are an important agenda in governments’ policies and from the late 1980s the Japanese government incorporated global initiatives into its domestic
environmental directives. Since that time climate change issues have become a focal point of Japan’s environmental policies, and by the 1990s the country had by means of regulations moved from being one of the world’s most polluted countries, to one that had become one of the world’s most environmentally responsible. However, Japan’s economic success from the 1980s led to mounting criticism over its overseas business practices, practices that discounted the value of the ecosystems of its trading partners.
In the enquiry into the ethics of the policies, this thesis explores how Western philosophers combined their theories to develop a ‘Western environmental ethics code’; the thesis also
reveals the existence of a unique ‘Japanese environmental ethics code’ built on Japan’s cultural traditions, religious practices, and empirical experiences. The discovery of the distinctive Japanese code is not only important for what it discloses as a new philosophy, but most importantly how it can be used to analyse the ethical framework of the Japanese policies. In spite of the positive contributions that Japan has shown towards the global environment, the government has failed to show a corresponding moral obligation to the world ecology in its global environmental policy. The policies examined in the three case studies comprising whaling, nuclear energy, and forestry, have also been found wanting in ecological ethical considerations, both from a Western and Japanese perspective. The main reason for this is that the integrity of the policies has been compromised by Japanese vested interest groups; business and political interests ensure that the policies are primarily focused on maintaining sustainable economic growth. Whilst Japan’s global environmental policy initiatives are the key to its economic survival into the 21st century, and these initiatives may achieve their aim, they do however fail the Japanese code of environmental ethics.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2010
Books on the topic "Ethics; environment; Japan"
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The ethics of Japan's global environmental policy: The conflict between principles and practice. London: Routledge, 2012.
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The chrysanthemum and the sword: Patterns of Japanese culture. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.
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Kagawa-Fox, Midori. The Crucial Role of Culture in Japanese Environmental Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456320.003.0012.
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A hybrid Japanese philosophy, integrating traditional Japanese Buddhist thought with the Western philosophical canon emerged during the twentieth century in response to the program of modernization instituted by the Maiji Restoration. Japanese culture, however, has been as important in shaping Japanese environmental ethics as have Japanese philosophical values. Japan has an extensive cultural heritage that has been built on mythology and folklore, and on religious beliefs and practices, and these ingredients have influenced the Japanese ethical consciousness. The indigenous Shinto religion, which evolved from animism, teaches that the ever-present kami (spirits) bind the Japanese to their environment. Their presence imparts a strong moral consciousness. Thus an understanding of the relationship of the kami to the Japanese people is essential for appreciating Japanese environmental ethics. Most Japanese have an intuitive belief in the kami that has been significant in forming their caring attitude toward the natural world.
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Takao, Takahashi. Disaster Prevention as an Issue in Environmental Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456320.003.0014.
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While the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 gave Japan the opportunity to reconsider the basic relationships between humans and nature, the scale of this disaster was not limited to Japan. It may be said that all of us live in “the age of co-disaster” in which we must realize that disasters are unavoidable. The earthquake brought forth a new agenda for environmental ethics, that is, disaster prevention. However, little research has been done in this area by environmental ethicists, many of whom have focused on the conservation of nature. Disaster prevention may be introduced into environmental ethics by examining Japanese mythology, which can help us develop new ways of forming, maintaining, and restoring good relationships between humans and nature.
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Toshio, Kuwako. Planetary Philosophy and Social Consensus Building. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456320.003.0016.
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Kuwako has worked extensively in Japan to apply his expertise in environmental ethics to the resolution of practical environmental problems. The Ohashi River, which runs through Matsue City in the Izumo region and feeds the Hii River, has recently undergone extensive modification for flood control. This controversial project has been politically polarizing because of the tensions between human welfare, traditional cultural beliefs, sustainability, and environmental aesthetics. Changing the spatial structure of a community is both a cultural and a historical project that must take into account traditional beliefs about the relationship between human beings and the environment. The decision-making process for the development of social infrastructure should be grounded in meaningful citizen participation and should reflect the environmental values of the people.
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Callicott, J. Baird, and James McRae. Japanese Environmental Philosophy. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2017.
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McRae, James, and J. Baird Callicott. Japanese Environmental Philosophy. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2017.
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McRae, James, and J. Baird Callicott. Japanese Environmental Philosophy. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2017.
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Callicott, J. Baird, and James McRae. Japanese Environmental Philosophy. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2017.
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Kagawa-Fox, Midori. Ethics of Japan's Global Environmental Policy: The Conflict Between Principles and Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ethics; environment; Japan"
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Miyasaka, Michio. "Taking public opinion seriously in post-Fukushima Japan." In Ethics of Environmental Health, 103–14. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge studies in environment and health series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315643724-11.
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Mushakoji, Kinhide. "State and Immigrant Diaspora Identity in Contemporary Japan: From a Developmentalist National Ethic towards a Multicultural Development Ethic of Common Human Security." In Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 297–310. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12757-1_22.
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Tsurumi, Tetsuya, Kazuki Kagohashi, and Shunsuke Managi. "How environmental ethics affect the consumption–wellbeing relationship: evidence from Japan." In Handbook on Wellbeing, Happiness and the Environment, 367–84. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788119344.00028.
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Mitcham, Carl. "Ethics Is Not Enough." In Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1284–316. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch058.
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This chapter argues for understanding engineering ethics in terms of three principles—but then going beyond ethics to political theory. A simplified prefatory comparison between engineering and science points to the importance of ethics in engineering. Section 1 provides a historico-philosophical overview of engineering ethics in the United States, on the premise that American experience can be generally illuminating. The narrative traces a trajectory of commitments from company loyalty to public responsibility, with the public responsibility promoting public engagement. Section 2 considers three influential American cases that together suggest a duty to public disclosure. Section 3 broadens the analysis through selective reviews of engineering ethics profiles in Germany, The Netherlands, Japan, Chile, and in transnational professional engineering organizations, on the basis of which is articulated a duty not only to avoid harm but also to do good. Section 4, a critical reflection on engineering in the intensive form of research and design, posits a synthesis of the principles of participation, disclosure, and beneficence into a duty plus respicare, to take more into account. A concluding section nevertheless suggests the inadequacy of limiting engineering ethics to ethics. Ethics in engineering like ethics generally implicates political theory. Ethics in the absence of politics demands unrealistic personal heroism; political theory without any foundation in ethics promotes tyranny.
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Otsuka, Kosei. "Burmese." In Language Communities in Japan, 156–63. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856610.003.0016.
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Political oppression and the pro-democracy movement in Myanmar led to an increase in the number of refugees and other immigrants from Myanmar arriving in Japan at the end of the twentieth century. These immigrants from Myanmar have subsequently established several communities, including downtown Tokyo’s ‘Little Yangon’, with a diverse mixture of languages, ethnic groups, and religions. Most of them understand Burmese as a common language, and their social networks have been strengthened by various Burmese media and events in Japan. With the increase in the number of immigrants, refugees, and technical interns from Myanmar, it is necessary to gain a picture of the position of the Burmese language and its sociolinguistic environment in Japan. However, this has attracted little attention from academics thus far. Therefore, this chapter provides a general overview of the development and context of the lives of Burmese-speaking immigrants to Japan from Myanmar as well as their common linguistic usage patterns.
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Onda, Akiko. "Heritage-Language Education for Japanese Children Living Abroad and the Impacts on Their Ethnic Identity." In Evolving Multicultural Education for Global Classrooms, 154–76. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7649-6.ch008.
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With consistently increasing globalization, the number of Japanese children living and receiving education abroad continues to grow. Previous studies have compared the Japanese-language abilities of children studying Japanese abroad to those of children living in Japan. However, the author contends that the backgrounds of children studying Japanese abroad vary greatly, as do their learning goals. The former do not necessarily want to learn the same language skills as children who study in Japan. Japanese-language education for children living overseas requires that students understand what they want to achieve in terms of their language ability. This chapter focuses on children who have lived and been educated in multiple countries other than Japan; it discusses their Japanese-language learning goals and the environment needed to support those goals. It also examines their sense of ethnic identity as Japanese and how this relates to their upbringing and language-learning experiences.
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Kiesel, Kathrin, and Parissa Haghirian. "Bicultural Managers and their Role in Multinational Corporations." In Cross-Cultural Interaction, 1183–96. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4979-8.ch067.
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Exposure to other cultures is common through extensive travel, living in ethnically diverse environments, attending universities abroad, or having work assignments in other countries. In places like the US, more and more people cannot fit themselves into certain ethnic categories, thinking of themselves as being “mixed” (Goldstein & Morning, 2000) or bicultural. This phenomenon has been recognized and researched increasingly in recent years. One aspect is the question on how different societies deal with bicultural people. In this chapter, the authors investigate individuals with a bicultural family background and investigate how this biculturality reflects on their role in business. The survey presented in this paper investigates the relevance of bicultural skills and consequently the roles that bicultural managers play in multinational corporations. To investigate this issue the survey was conducted among managers who had one Japanese and a Non-Japanese parent and worked in a multinational corporation in Japan. Japan was chosen, because it is a more controversial issue in Japan than in other industrialized countries.
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Takahashi, Takao. "A Synthesis of Bioethics and Environmental Ethics Founded upon the Concept of Care: Toward a Japanese Approach to Bioethics." In Taking Life and Death Seriously - Bioethics from Japan, 19–45. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1479-3709(05)08801-1.
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Tsuda, Takeyuki. "The Prewar Nisei." In Japanese American Ethnicity. NYU Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479821785.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the elderly prewar second-generation nisei, who grew up during a period of increasing American hostility toward Japan, were interned in concentration camps during World War II, and fought bravely as American soldiers in Europe in order to demonstrate their patriotism. As a result of their discriminatory racialization as well as the assimilationist pressures of the immediate postwar period, many of them developed nationalist identities as loyal Americans, distanced themselves from their Japanese heritage, and demanded racial citizenship in the nation. The contemporary ethnic experiences of the elderly prewar nisei continue to reflect this historical legacy, and they live completely Americanized lives with strong nationalist identities. Despite the current multicultural environment, they have shown no interest in exploring their Japanese ethnic heritage or developing transnational ties to their ethnic homeland.
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Vallance, Michael. "Create-and-Learn." In Integrating Multi-User Virtual Environments in Modern Classrooms, 280–98. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3719-9.ch013.
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The aim of this chapter is to argue how create-and-learn pedagogy can be used to direct and drive the development of virtual reality applications in academic settings. The chapter discusses the development of a synthetic learning environment that provides a context for new learning and twenty-first century education. A case study of an interdisciplinary project by university undergraduates in Japan designing, modeling, and programming a rudimentary virtual nuclear power plant provides the scenario for reflecting on the learning experiences. The chapter attempts to answer the question: How can education-appropriate virtual reality technology support students in their learning endeavors? The participation “in” technology, described in this chapter, advances the development of particular skill sets, applies knowledge to innovative situations, empowers positive attitudes to active learning, and promotes ethical considerations of the impact of technological implementations.
Conference papers on the topic "Ethics; environment; Japan"
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Saika, T., and O. Furuya. "Development of Engineering Profession Through Engineering Educational Programs of Kogakuin University Accredited by the JABEE." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37667.
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The Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education (JABEE) established in 1999 is a nongovernmental organization that examines and accredits the college and university programs in engineering education. “The Basic Engineering in Global Environment” of Kogakuin University is an engineering program, leading to bachelor’s degree, accredited in the field of “General Engineering” by JABEE in 2001, one of the first three programs accredited in Japan. Since the accreditation is valid for five years, the program recently went through an examination again by JABEE for another 5 years from 2006. The JABEE criteria as well as the procedures and methods of accreditation and examination were not quite well defined in details for a couple of years after 2001. The authors have investigated whether the accreditation system really could help educational improvements for students, faculties and industries. Most of senior students in Japanese technical colleges have to complete graduation thesis work. They will be trained to be researchers rather than engineers, because those themes with a strong scientific aspect belong to their professors. Unlike the graduation thesis work, in the program of the Basic Engineering in Global Environment accredited by JABEE, are offered the subjects like ethics, engineering design, management skills and communication skills, which are required and essential for the engineer. The students can be trained to become true and useful engineers or embryos demanded by industrial companies through these curricula. Furthermore, the graduates of the accredited engineering programs are exempted from Primary Examination for Professional Engineer, since the fundamental capability as an entry-level engineer is assured by the program itself. Basic specialized knowledge is examined in the Primary Examination for PE. In the Final Examination for PE practical engineering experience and skill are examined. The graduates of the program of Basic Engineering in Global Environment will possibly pass the Final Examination without much difficulty, since they learn the management ability, creativity, communication ability and so on with the industry-university co-operational education in the program.
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Kun-Hsiang, Tang. "Corporate social responsibility (CSR) – A Key Factor to an Organization’s Success." In Japan International Business and Management Research Conference. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/jibm.v1i1.217.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not a refreshing concept for the management of an organization in recent years. This concept refers to a firm, which has more responsibilities to adapt the needs of objectives apart from its stakeholders and owners in commercial, legal, ethical, and environmental ways (Beal and Goyen, 2005), and the responsibilities are achieved by meeting or exceeding the commercial, ethical, legal and philanthropic expectation from these objectives. The concept of corporate social responsibility was firstly introduced by the publication of Bowen's Social Responsibility of Businessmen in 1953, while almost all known companies have integrated this spirit into their business model. Nowadays, the promotion of corporate social responsibility has even become not only the wider responsibilities in which an organization contributes to society but also an approach to promote an organization's corporate image (Chang, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the concept of corporate social responsibility regarding economic, ethical, legal, and philanthropic aspects, and the objectives served by corporate social responsibility such as environments, the society, and the public. This paper then explains how the realization of CSR from one organization can bring effects to its stakeholders and how the organization can obtain benefits from the implementation. Finally, this paper includes two cases from well-known companies in Taiwan, namely TSMC (Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company) and FPG (Formosa Plastics Group) about how these companies successfully realize corporate social responsibility, and the impacts that influence the stakeholders, and the benefits they obtain for their corporate images.
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Sugimoto, Yoichi, Masao Arakawa, and Masahiko Ishimaru. "A Study on Methodology to Make Team: Methodology — Phase II." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67050.
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Improvement in labor productivity is a common problem in each country. In particular, in Japan where the productive age population is decreasing, it is necessary to steadily advance efforts for the improvement at various sites throughout the entire society. In doing so, in order to make it prevail over broad areas, it is necessary to consider that on-site holding resources can be utilized, that it can be easily introduced, and that it will surely be effective. Therefore, we have focused on improving the way of collaboration from an angle of “person’s personality”. Specifically, we have aimed to build a methodology, for a “team” that is a collaborative form widely introduced and utilized at companies and educational sites, which enhances the effectiveness of team activities. As for the overall structure of the methodology, we have designed it with a three-layer structure in order to clarify separation from other intellectual properties and consideration to ethical aspects. That is, the designed methodology comprises the following three phases. Phase I: a team formation methodology; Phase II: a team management methodology; and Phase III: a team development support methodology. Study results of Phase I were presented at the 26th Design Engineering and System Division Lecture by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME). In this study, we have used the methodology of Phase I to devise, as a method included in Phase II, three Rules for creating a team environment that makes it easy for “introverted” persons in Jungian psychology to express their opinions. Then, we have conducted parallel group randomized trials comparing an intervention group with a control group, analyzed the results by an analysis method such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and verified the effectiveness of the devised method. As a result, the findings have revealed that teams in which the team management was carried out according to the devised method tends to be more effective and prone to excellent effectiveness.