Academic literature on the topic 'Ethics/economics in mid 1800s'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ethics/economics in mid 1800s"
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Fowler, Marsha D. "Heritage ethics." Nursing Ethics 23, no. 1 (November 23, 2015): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015608071.
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The key to understanding the moral identity of modern nursing and the distinctiveness of nursing ethics resides in a deeper examination of the extensive nursing ethics literature and history from the late 1800s to the mid 1960s, that is, prior to the “bioethics revolution”. There is a distinctive nursing ethics, but one that falls outside both biomedical and bioethics and is larger than either. Were, there a greater corpus of research on nursing’s heritage ethics it would decidedly recondition the entire argument about a distinctive nursing ethics. It would also provide a thicker account of nursing ethics than has been afforded thus far. Such research is dependent upon identifying, locating, accessing and, more importantly, sharing these resources. A number of important heritage ethics sources are identified so that researchers might better locate them. In addition, a bibliography of heritage ethics textbooks and a transcript of the earliest known journal article on nursing ethics in the US are provided.
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Cora, Yaşar Tolga. "Institutionalized migrant solidarity in the late Ottoman Empire: Armenian homeland associations (1800s–1920s)." New Perspectives on Turkey 63 (July 6, 2020): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2020.16.
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By focusing on the Armenian homeland associations (hayrenakts‘akank‘) established in Istanbul in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this article examines the migrants’ activism and their achievements—facilitated by affective bonds based on shared origins. It outlines the Istanbul-based homeland associations’ development chronologically and discusses their cultural and economic goals in their home regions in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The article then focuses on their durability and ability to adapt to the needs of the communities in the series of great political and demographic changes in the late Ottoman Empire from mid-1890s to their reconstruction after the end of World War I. The homeland associations established in the post-genocide period reflect the persistence of local belonging as a basis of solidarity and they fulfilled important functions as information networks and intermediaries between the survivors and the community administration. The article argues that Armenian homeland associations constituted a space in which agency of the migrants and their interaction with broader social and political developments could be observed in the late Ottoman Empire. They were one of the most durable and institutionalized forms of migrant solidarity which render migrants’ agency visible in the historiography of the late Ottoman Empire.
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Lippke, Richard L. "A Critique of Business Ethics." Business Ethics Quarterly 1, no. 4 (October 1991): 367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857603.
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The dominant approach to the analysis of issues in business ethics consists in the articulation and use of a set of mid-level moral principles. This approach is geared to business practitioners who are not interested in the difficult problems of moral and political theory. I argue that this “practitioner model” is philosophically suspect. I show how the theoretical frameworks prominent business ethicists employ are insufficiently developed. I also show how many of their analyses presuppose substantive views about issues of social justice which they rarely defend or acknowledge. Since no neutral position on these issues is available, I argue that the only alternative is to address the problems such issues raise for the analysis of institutions and the conduct of persons acting under those institutions. I offer suggestions about how we can develop a more philosophically defensible approach to business ethics.
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Bowie, Norman E. "Business Ethics, Philosophy, and the Next 25 Years." Business Ethics Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857690.
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Abstract:Although BEQ is celebrating its tenth anniversary, business ethics is considerably older than that. Business ethics has been a staple of Catholic thinking on business for most of this century at least. For most philosophers, however, business ethics is about twenty-five years old. Philosophers became active in the field in the mid-1970s. I have chosen as my topic for this essay the role that the discipline of philosophy could play in the future.
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Harper (陈美月), Marina Tan. "Philanthropic Action of Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia: Shaped by Family, Ancestry, Identity and Social Norms." China Nonprofit Review 11, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 258–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341365.
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Abstract Due to push and pull factors, millions of Chinese migrants fanned out into the Nanyang from the mid-1800s onward. The G1 (first generation) diasporic Chinese left China with a sojourner mentality, compelling their philanthropic action back to motherland China. As G1 diasporic Chinese and their second or third generation ethnic Chinese (G2, G3 …) eventually settled as nationals into various countries in Southeast Asia, their Confucian Chinese values were confronted, severely tested, remolded, and evolved as they assimilated and converged with the political, social, and economic circumstances of the times. With self-help and mutual aid philanthropy, they thrived and prospered in the Nanyang and were soon propelled to lead local communities. As they engendered gratitude to where they built their wealth, raised families, and honored ancestry in their resettled new homes, their loyalties, generosity, and philanthropy also began to shift away from China. This study investigates these traditions, ethos, and value systems through the lens of philanthropy.
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Monast, Joseph H. "What is (and Isn’t) the Matter with “What’s the Matter…”." Business Ethics Quarterly 4, no. 4 (October 1994): 499–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857346.
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Abstract:In mid-1993 a provocative piece on business ethics appeared on the pages of the Harvard Business Review. Andrew Stark’s “What’s the Matter with Business Ethics?” (1993a) found plenty wrong with business ethics, arguing that the product served up to managers and potential managers by traditional ethicists in their articles and classrooms is without practical value. Since it is supposed to be “applied” ethics, he finds something seriously amiss with a business ethics that offers nothing to help a manager resolve moral dilemmas in business. While some “new” ethicists are now beginning to appear, ethicists who are willing to get their hands dirty and acknowledge the legitimacy of normal business practices, the traditional ethicists continue to dominate the field and continue to offer a product unable to satisfy the manager’s needs. According to Stark, “[Business ethicists] have been too preoccupied with absolutist notions of what it means for managers to be ethical, with overly general criticisms of capitalism as an economic system, with dense and abstract theorizing, and with prescriptions that apply only remotely to managerial practice” (1993a, p.38). Or, as he puts it in a more detailed discussion, traditional business ethics fails because it is a deadly combination of “too general,” “too theoretical,” and, worst of all, “too impractical” (1993a, p.44). In short, the “old” approach is idealistic and academic, irrelevant to the rough-and-tumble of real business.
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Jones, Christopher A., Amanda Wassel, William Mierse, and E. Scott Sills. "The 500-year Cultural & Economic Trajectory of Tobacco: A Circle Complete." Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research 5, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/9809.
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Who smokes, and why do they do it? What factors discourage and otherwise reward or incentivize smoking? Tobacco use has been accompanied by controversy from the moment of its entry into European culture, and conflicting opinions regarding its potentially adverse influence on health have coexisted for hundreds of years. Its use in all forms represents the world’s single greatest cause of preventable disease and death. Tobacco was introduced to Europe by Christopher Columbus, who in October 1492 discovered the crop in Cuba. While the next four centuries would see tobacco as the most highly traded economic commodity, by 1900, the now familiar cigarette remained obscure and accounted for only 2% of total tobacco sales. Global tobacco consumption rose sharply after 1914 and became especially prevalent following World War II, particularly among men. Indeed, overall tobacco sales increased by more than 60% by the mid-20th century, and cigarettes were a critical driver of this growth. Cigarettes dominated the tobacco market by 1950, by then accounting for more than 80% of all tobacco purchases. In the absence of clinical and scientific evidence against tobacco, moral and religious arguments dominated opposition voices against tobacco consumption in the 1800s. However, by the mid-20th century, advancements in medical research supported enhanced government and voluntary actions against tobacco advertising and also raised awareness of the dangers associated with passive tobacco smoke exposure. Solid epidemiological work connecting tobacco use with “the shortening of life span” began to appear in the medical literature in the 1950s, linking smoking with lung cancer and related conditions. In subsequent years, these developments led to significant curtailment of tobacco use. This monograph explores aspects of the intersection of tobacco with themes of behavioral incentives, religion, culture, literature, economics, and government over the past five centuries.
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Sutherland, Heather. "Treacherous Translators and Improvident Paupers: Perception and Practice in Dutch Makassar, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53, no. 1-2 (2009): 319–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002249910x12573963244566.
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AbstractTranslator/interpreters in (pre)colonial settings were gatekeepers, capable of shaping both perceptions and policy. Their ability to bridge cultural divides was crucial, but consequently their identities could appear ambiguous and their loyalties uncertain. This case-study analyses the changing character of official translators in the East Indonesian port of Makassar in the 18th and 19th centuries. It considers the fluctuating fortunes of the mestizo families who dominated the role under the VOC and until the mid 1800s. Subsequently the Dutch East Indian state was increasingly able to subordinate personal networks to professional administrative criteria, marginalizing the mestizo and consolidating the colonial bureaucracy.Les traducteurs-interprètes qui ont été employés dans un cadre précolonial et colonial peuvent être considérés comme des véritables gardiens à cause de leur habilité à traduire des perceptions et à formuler des stratégies. Leur capacité d’établir un rapprochement entre des mondes culturels divergents était crucial. Cependant, cette même aptitude leur valait des fois une réputation d’identité ambiguë et de loyauté douteuse. Cette contribution traite des traducteurs officiels du port de Makassar (l’Indonésie orientale) aux XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, et en détaille la transformation de leur statut social durant cette époque à travers l’analyse des fortunes instables des familles métisses qui exerçaient un rôle dominant sous la VOC jusqu’à la mi-XVIIIe siècle. Par la suite l’État colonial des Indes néerlandaise s’est montré de plus en plus capable de soumettre les réseaux personnel en les remplaçant par des critères relatifs à une administration professionnelle. Il s’ensuivit que les traducteurs métis furent marginalisés tandisque la bureaucratie coloniale fut renforcée.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 1: Origins of the conflict." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-22.
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Objective This paper is the first in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the history of the AMA and the origins of chiropractic and to explore how the AMA began its monopoly of health care in the United States, possible reasons that organized medicine acted against chiropractic, and how these events influenced the chiropractic profession. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. We used primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers that follow a successive time line. This paper is the first of the series and explores the origins of the aversion of organized American medicine to other health professions and the origins of the chiropractic profession. Results The AMA began in the mid-1800s to unify like-minded “regular” medical physicians who developed a code of ethics and promoted higher educational standards. Their efforts to unify had excluded other types of health care providers, which they called “irregular” practitioners. However, Americans were seeking more natural alternatives to the harsh methods that regular medical physicians offered at that time. Nearly 50 years after the AMA began, the chiropractic profession attempted to emerge during a time when many patients valued vitalism and their freedom to choose what health care provider they would access. Conclusion During the years that chiropractic developed as a healing profession, organized medicine was already well established and developing a monopoly in American health care. These events created the foundation on which the tensions between these professions were built and ultimately resulted in the Wilk v AMA lawsuit.
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Hudelson, Richard. "The Fix We Are In." Journal of Working-Class Studies 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v2i1.6049.
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I have been thinking about the history and future of the labor movement for fifty years. As an academic in philosophy I have focused my research on the intersections of the global labor movement with philosophy of history, philosophy of science, ethics, economics, and political theory. ‘The Fix We Are In’ is a summary of my current thinking. At present the grand strategies for emancipation, ascendant in the mid-twentieth century, have faltered. Headless capitalism runs amuck. The conditions of the working class deteriorate. There is no vision of a better world—no clear pathway toward a better future. The ‘popular revolt’ bubbling up around the globe is a product of this moment. My paper concludes with a difficulty regarding my own favored way forward. Responses from readers would be welcome at: rhudelso@uwsuper.edu.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethics/economics in mid 1800s"
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Garnett, E. J. "Aspects of the relationship between Protestant ethics and economic activity in mid-Victorian England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381860.
Full textBooks on the topic "Ethics/economics in mid 1800s"
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Shields, James Mark. Against Harmony. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190664008.001.0001.
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Against Harmony traces the history of progressive and radical experiments in Japanese Buddhist thought and practice from the mid-Meiji period through the early Shōwa period (1885–1935), when historical events coalesced to eliminate all such experiments. It is a work of both intellectual history and of critical, comparative thought. Perhaps the two best representations of progressive Buddhism during this period were the New Buddhist Fellowship (1899–1915) and the Youth League for Revitalizing Buddhism (1931–1936). Both were nonsectarian, lay movements comprising young men with education in classical Buddhist texts as well as Western literature, philosophy, and religion. Their work effectively collapses commonly held distinctions between religion, philosophy, ethics, politics, and economics. Unlike many others of their day, these “New Buddhists” did not regard the novel forces of modernization as problematic and disruptive, but rather, as an opportunity to explore and expand the possibilities of the dharma. Moreover, these and similar Buddhist and Buddhist-inspired movements experimented with novel, alternative forms of modernity, rooted in variations on what might be called “dharmic materialism.” In short, they did not simply inherit or mimic the dominant Western model(s). For this reason, their work remains of relevance in the early twenty-first century.
Book chapters on the topic "Ethics/economics in mid 1800s"
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Pollard, Natalie. "Moving Statues." In Poetry, Publishing, and Visual Culture from Late Modernism to the Twenty-first Century, 113–50. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852605.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 focuses on patronage, passivity, and the politics of poetic reception in the mid-twentieth-century work of F.T. Prince. It examines the motives for his trans-historical engagement with Michelangelo’s sculpture and poetry, and allies the motifs of stasis and the statue that comes to life with the condition of being roused from (readerly) repose. Re-awakening his forebear’s material, Prince’s lyric forms are closely attuned to the politics and economics of the situated, commissioned (and compromised) cultural work, even as it emphasizes how the neglected statue, dormant artistic legacy, or underappreciated poem can be transformed in a new era, for a fresh audience. Chapter 3 both examines the negotiations at play in contemporary reactivations of earlier models of commission and reception, resistance and slumber, and considers the ethics of the quietly fugitive provocation in the twentieth-century poetry industry.