Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethical decision making'
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Ходцева, Алла Олександрівна, Алла Александровна Ходцева, and Alla Oleksandrivna Khodtseva. "Ethical Decision Making." Thesis, TESOL Ukraine, 2000. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63589.
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Emery, Emmett. "Ethical behavior, Leadership, and Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1887.
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Ethical principles applied in organizations can broaden individual and corporate priorities beyond profit and shareholder enrichment. Ethical factors may influence leaders to make sound decisions to protect the organization from unethical behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine if a correlation exists between the independent variables of leadership and decision making, and the dependent variable of ethical behavior. Drucker's theory of management served as the theoretical framework. Data collection involved 2 survey instruments, the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and the Moral Potency Questionnaire from 98 participants from retail businesses in the southwestern United States. The model as a whole was able to significantly predict ethical behavior (F(2, 95) = 12.79, p < .01), R-² = .21. However, none of the individual predictors was significant. The existence of multicollinearity between the 2-predictor variables offers a plausible explanation for this phenomenon. Therefore, these results should be viewed with caution. Implications for positive social change include examining behaviors and leadership capabilities in individuals, communities, organizations, and institutions. The findings may contribute to social change by providing leaders with information to improve strategies when making decisions involving ethical behavior in the workplace.
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Slowther, Anne-Marie. "Ethical decision-making in primary care." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409770.
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Woodley, Julie S. "Ethical decision making within multidisciplinary teams." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572854.
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To date research exploring the nature of ethical deliberations and decision making by healthcare teams has been largely ignored. However studying inter-professional approaches to ethical dilemmas may be valuable in offering insights into the processes of shared decision making and how such problems are addressed. Aim To investigate whether healthcare professionals working in teams embrace ethical and philosophical principles in their decisions. A secondary aim was to construct a model for ethical education informed by study data. Design A multi-methods approach comprising of a comprehensive review of the literature focus group interviews and a survey. Sample/participants A total of 112 healthcare personnel representing 15 disciplines were recruited from four large teaching hospitals within the Southwest region. Recruitment was through a lead consultant in each team who distributed invitations, participant information sheets (that outlined the study) and consent forms. Data collection Following ethical approval, 14 clinical teams were presented with profession specific vignettes and invited to engage in a facilitated discussion. Each team's interactions and decisions were tape recorded. Individuals also completed a modified version of the Decisional Conflict Scale (O'Connor 1995) to elicit their degree of comfort with decision making processes. Data analysis The transcripts from the 14 focus groups interactions were thematically analysed by employing Boyatzis (1998) model. Numerical data from the Decision Conflict questionnaire (DCQ) were entered into SPSS software for descriptive statistical analysis. Results The survey and the focus group data indicated that practitioners experienced varying degrees of conflict with the decision making process and displayed limited articulation and evidence of ethical principles that could be mapped to existing theories or methods. Participants did however employ strategies and shared expertise to overcome imposed restrictions through compromised solutions. The research identified eight key areas for consideration in the decision making process and these areas were developed to create a model for future ethics education and framing of ethical debate. The concept of restricted beneficence was also identified as being an over arching consideration in this area. The DCQ also highlighted that particular elements of the decision making process caused more concern but it highlighted that the team members opinions were valued and this supported the qualitative findings which identified evidence of a team ethos and value system. Conclusion The teams employed a very pragmatic approach to decision making within an environment that reflected the notion of restricted beneficence. It is suggested that the integration of such strategies ethical education this may result in a more practically relevant approach and enrich the quality of reflective debate in this area.
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Hopkins, Nicole Marie. "Individual Differences in Ethical Decision Making." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5996.
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The aim of this study was to examine individual differences in ethical decision
making. To test this, participants’ Locus of Control and Machiavellianism scores
were collected along with the frequency to which they sought different media
sources for news, their knowledge of unethical and ethical situations that have
occurred in New Zealand and Internationally within the last ten years, and
individuals’ decision times to ethical dilemmas. Participants were undergraduate
and postgraduate students from the University of Canterbury, who ranged in age
from 18 to 50. The study found that the frequency to which an individual seeks
information from media sources is a good predictor of their decision time when
responding to ethical dilemmas, and the amount of knowledge they had of
unethical and ethical situations.
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Nelson, Aaron G. "Ethical decision-making for homeland security." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37684.
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CHDS State/LocalThe thesis suggests that homeland security personnel lack a uniform method to make sound and defensible ethical decisions. Building on a foundation of classical ethical thought, it is established that ethics are essential to the work of homeland security. Philosophical underpinnings include virtue ethics, deontology, utilitarianism, decision-making practices, and values common to the homeland security enterprise. Real-world case studies were examined in an attempt to understand and demonstrate what can happen if ethics are neglected, considered incompletely or incorrectly, or thoughtfully applied. Case studies include the response to Hurricane Katrina, motivation and thought behind terrorism, and the discussion on torture. Examples of good ethics programs were analyzed, including the Canadian Defense Ethics Program and the Wildfire Fire Leadership Development Program. From this research, a conceptual framework for understanding was developed. The DRIVE framework (Duty, Respect, Integrity, Vision, Ends/Expected outcomes) is proposed to give homeland security personnel the tools necessary to evaluate a situation, make a decision, and review it retrospectively. The framework is easy to remember, flexible to allow for individual differences, yet comprehensive enough to encompass classical ethical thought, common values, and decision-making. The thesis recommends developing an ethics-training program for homeland security, using DRIVE as a foundation.
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Cary, Barbara Lorraine. "Case managers and ethical decision making." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291522.
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In a descriptive study, Lutzen's Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to describe nurse case managers' perception of ethical decision making. Both community-based and hospital-based case managers responded. Research questions addressed (a) relationship between respondent's age and patient autonomy and between length of experience as case manager and benevolence; and (b) difference in conflict in ethical decision-making by level of education and difference in rules in ethical decision-making by type of setting. No significant correlations were found between the respondent age and patient autonomy nor between the respondents' length of experience as case manager and benevolence. There was a statistically significant difference in perception of conflict by educational level. Difference in rules in ethical decision making by type of setting approached statistical significance.
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CHERMAN, ANDREA. "CORPORATE CODE OF ETHICS AND THE ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4274@1.
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O Código de Ética Corporativa, seu modelo e orientação
ética, forma de implementação e instrumentos utilizados
para suportá-lo, inseridos no programa de gestão ética,
influenciam no comportamento ético dos stakeholders
internos e, conseqüentemente, na Tomada de Decisão Ética
nas atividades diárias da organização. Este estudo avalia
se os valores expressos no documento de ética de fato
orientam a ação prática, gerando decisões éticas na
relação
com o consumidor final. A análise dá-se pelo cruzamento
de
três perspectivas: do gestor de ética sobre o expresso no
código e os instrumentos de suporte; a percepção do
Código
de Ética pela área jurídica, responsável por intermediar o
conflito com o consumidor; e a realidade prática extraída
dos processos públicos abertos pelos consumidores nos
órgãos de defensoria. A análise foi realizada em quatro
grandes organizações, de origens e características
distintas, todas pertencentes ao Setor de Planos Privados
de Assistência à Saúde, o qual historicamente concentra
grande número de reclamações dos consumidores, uma vez
que
está concebido sobre uma base de conflitos de interesses.
O
estudo revela que as organizações que adotam instrumentos
de gestão ética, inseridos em um programa consistente,
obtêm suporte ao código de ética e legitimam a
incorporação
dos valores entre os membros da organização, resultando
positivamente na tomada de decisão ética. Aquelas
organizações que não adotam instrumentos de gestão ética
para suportar o código de ética de modo consistente, não
conseguem legitimar a conduta ética e incorporá-la no
comportamento dos funcionários, resultando na tomada de
decisão não ética.The Corporate Code of Ethics, its format and ethical orientation, implementation framework and supporting tools included in the ethics management program, have a strong influence in the internal stakeholder ethical behavior, and, consequently, it reflects on the Ethical Decision Making Process in organizational daily activities. This study evaluates whether the values expressed in the ethics document, in fact, conduct the real practice in generating ethical decisions in the relationship organization- consumers. The analysis is done crossing three perspectives: from the ethics manager, the code content, values and supporting tools; from the lawyer advisory, the perception about the code of ethics, as it is the area in charge of mediating the conflicts with consumers; and the practiced reality extracted from the public prosecuting processes opened by consumers. This analysis was carried out in four large companies, with different histories and characteristics, but all pertaining to the same sector. The Sector of Private Health Care System concentrates a large number of consumers complaints, once the sector is built on a conflict of interest basis. This study reveals that the organizations, which adopt ethics supporting tools included in a consistent program, obtain support to the code of ethics and are able to legitimate the values among the organizational members. It results positively on the ethical decision making process. Those organizations that do not adopt supporting tools in a consistent way are not able to legitimate the ethical conduct and do not incorporate it to the employees behavior, generating non-ethical decision- making.
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Burt, Jane Lindsay. "Ethics, virtue and decision-making : an investigation of the ethical decision-making process of accountants in business." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701003.
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Rick, Christian. "Computers as tools for ethical decision making." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-252088.
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ew technology gives rise to new moral problems and dilemmas. We can therefore no longer be sure that our previously collected moral knowledge for dealing with everyday life situations applies to the new situations that arise as a consequence of modern technology. Thus we are forced to seek new answers and to re-examine the foundations of our moral reasoning. To find these new answers we need an autonomous approach to moral problem solving. Education can help increase the moral awareness in computer professionals by training them in disregarding moral fixations and automatic reactions, instead solving the problem using critical thinking and consideration of all values, interests, feelings, duties, needs, and beliefs of all those somehow involved. As a complement to education various support systems can be implemented to help professionals solve moral problems much in the same way as with normal problem solving. Some of these methods are suitable for computerization, creating a moral computer not as a moral authority or a set of guidelines but as an application that guides the user in a process of autonomy, helping the decision maker to make autonomous decisions. Three different approaches to creating a computerized tool for ethical decision- making were prototyped, tested, and evaluated resulting in an indication that such a tool has its merits and can offer benefits over a pen and paper method.
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Sidaross, Monique. "Ethical Decision-Making in Construction Engineering Projects." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4889.
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Problems exist with ethical decision-making in U.S. construction engineering projects.
The purpose of this study was to explore factors that affect ethical decision-making in engineering construction in the United States. The general concepts of marketing ethics, Kohlberg's discussion of ethical and moral reasoning development, and Gillian's discussion of ethical care served as the basis of the conceptual framework. Factors that inhibit ethical decision making were addressed in the research questions. The resulting narrative framework included implementable initiatives based on these factors that could improve the quality of ethical decision-making and the impact of these initiatives on the cost and quality of construction engineering projects. The use of qualitative grounded theory design led to findings from the research questions and enabled the development of a theory to explain the phenomenon. The research was based on data collected from interviews with a purposive sample of 12 civil engineers with 15 to 45 years of forensic and managerial experience with construction engineering projects. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. The principal finding from the research was that unethical decision-making in the legal and political systems undermines the image and authority of construction engineers in the United States. The findings of the study may cause social change by indicating how to enhance the ethical behavior of individuals involved in decision-making within the U.S. construction engineering industry, leading to improvements in the cost and quality of construction projects that benefit individual stakeholders as well as society.
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Patra, Jayadeep. "Ethical expertise, physician performance in ethical decision making about serious surgery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58685.pdf.
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O'Donnell, Daniel Patrick. "Exploration of Positive Ethics Factors and Associations With Ethical Decision Making." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1420970900.
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Alsadat, Kazemi Marzieh, and Sam Eskandari. "Web-based application for Collaborative Ethical Decision Making." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194689.
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Computer ethics is a scientific discipline, which can help us to reach ethical usability of IT-system by developing knowledge and provide the main principles and the guidelines of ethics. It helps us to collect and interpret information and use it in real design projects. To achieve this goal, we need an application to generate the structure of the procedure from analyzing the problem to gain the solutions. The main objective of this thesis is to redesign and implement the EthXpert system as a web application in a way that users can access the software in a collaborative environment. The aspects of the thesis are choosing a suitable communication protocol, developing a collaborative ethical decision system as a web application and evaluating system by analyzing the answers of students (who will apply this software to our online survey as a research part of the thesis). In order to implement ColLab, a research has been done about available APIs, which equipped by collaborative functionalities. ColLab is based on the most recent technologies such as Ajax, jQuery, MySQL, NodeJS, PHP, HTML5 (Canvas) and CSS3. The MVC pattern has been used to structure ColLab application. During the research phase of this thesis, the data gathered from the questionnaire has been analyzed based on qualitative and quantitative methods.
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DeAnda, Paula K. "Ethical Decision Making Model for Withdrawing Life Support." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610432.
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Withdrawing a loved one from life support, or life-prolonging
treatments, can be devastating, and it occurs with increasing
frequency in our modern day hospitals. Families face difficult
decisions that will ultimately end up in the demise of the patient.
Guidance or assistance of any type that can make this complicated
time easier, even if in the smallest way, can result in better
outcomes. Identifying an ethical decision making model, and using
it with consistency, is a noble and necessary objective.
The purpose of this project was to review the literature
related to cultural beliefs surrounding death, end-of-life decision
making, and the models used in that process. The personal story of
a family who faced the decision to withdraw life support of family
member, and the decision making process inherent in that journey is
also presented. This family's experience is considered within
current context of decision making models in the literature. These
decision making models are analyzed and provide the basis for the
author's proposed model for future use in making decisions about
withdrawing life support.
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Fino, Leen Bassam Mahmoud. "Ethical Decision-Making in Pharmacy Practice in Jordan." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25121.
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Pharmacists have often faced “situations in which there is a choice between at least two courses of action, neither of which is obviously morally preferable”. With the increased patient-centeredness in pharmacy practice nowadays, they are now expected to provide solutions for such ‘dilemmas’, relying on ethical judgment, principles of professional ethics, standards of practice and moral reasoning capabilities. Pharmacists necessarily need to be competent in ethical decision-making, which will enable them to act in a morally preferable and justifiable manner. Literature has shown that moral reasoning skills are teachable competencies in healthcare. This domain remains relatively unexplored in developing countries, and there is a paucity of research conducted in the area of pharmacy ethics particularly in Jordan.
The overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate ethical decision-making in pharmacy practice in developing countries such as Jordan. This thesis also investigates the manner in which ethical dilemmas are handled by Jordanian pharmacists, the resources used to address such dilemmas, and their attitudes towards them. The secondary objective was the development of an educational component about ethical decision-making in pharmacy practice for the undergraduate curriculum for pharmacy students in Jordan.
The scoping review (Chapter 2 of this thesis) highlighted a gap in pharmacy ethics literacy in developing countries and variances in pharmacists’ ethical attitudes in handling ethical dilemmas. It also illuminated the lack of familiarity with ethical principles and codes of ethics., and pharmacists being prone to financial pressure were found to have a significant impact on pharmacy practice in most developing countries.
Chapter 3 explored ethical decision-making in pharmacy practice in Jordan. elucidating that it was influenced by pharmacists’ personal moral values, legal requirements and managed by exercising common sense and experience. Giving emphasis to the need for professional ethics training, and incorporating pharmacy ethics courses in pharmacy undergraduate curricula, as well as to professional development courses. Chapter 4 then explored the impact of Vertically Integrating Teaching in Ethical Decision-Making (VIT-EDM), as a pedagogical approach influencing moral reasoning capabilities of pharmacy students whilst progressing in pharmacy studies, using a validated instrument as a surrogate measure of moral reasoning capabilities. This underlined the positive impact of this relatively novel mixed-method pedagogy in teaching pharmacy ethics, which highlighted students’ enhanced confidence levels in deciding morally preferable choices when facing ethical dilemmas.
The seminal part of this thesis was the development, implementation, and evaluation of the utility of a tailored ethics education component in the pharmacy curriculum for students enrolled at a well-ranked Jordanian University (Chapter 5). This chapter highlighted the importance of implementing an ethics course in pharmacy undergraduate curricula. It also emphasized the positive impact this course made on the students’ learning experiences and provided a strong environment for discussion and group learning.
In conclusion, the investigations carried out in this thesis emphasized the importance and significance of ethical pharmacy practice. Hopefully, this body of work is the beginning of further research and intervention-testing intended for teaching pharmacy ethics in developing countries. This paves the way for developing countries to adopt principles/rights-guided professional practice in pharmacy, to protect and provide patient-centered care in reality.
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Naidoo, Mineshree. "Ethical decision-making amongst HR employees within a retails organisation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5574_1297921236.
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The aim of this research was to examine whether a significant relationship exists between ethical decision-making had an impact on HR employees within a retail organisation. The questionnaire for the South African Board for People Practices, and the Ethical Position Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 150 employees in a large retail organisation within the Western Cape &ndash
South Africa. The researcher used a non-probability sampling technique specifically, a convenience sampling approach. The results of this study indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between moral awareness and decision-making amongst HR employees. However with regards to gender there seems to be no statistical significant relationship amongst HR employees and ethical decision-making. Similarly results also indicated that there was no significant relationship between ethical ideology and ethical decision-making. Notwithstanding the limited generalisability of this study, implications for research and practice are suggested and recommendations are made to facilitate improved functioning.
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Shaw, Deirdre. "Consumed by ethics? : a model building approach to ethical consumer decision-making." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311798.
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Richmond, Kelly Ann. "Ethical Reasoning, Machiavellian Behavior, and Gender: The Impact on Accounting Students' Ethical Decision Making." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27235.
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This research is designed to gain an understanding of how accounting students respond to realistic, business ethical dilemmas. Prior research suggests that accounting students exhibit lower levels of ethical reasoning compared to other business and non-business majors. This study uses the Defining Issues Test, Version 2 (Rest, et al., 1999) to measure accounting studentsâ ethical reasoning processes. The Mach IV scale (Christie and Geis, 1970) is used to measure moral behavior. Eight ethical vignettes adapted from prior ethics studies represent realistic, business ethical scenarios.
A total of sixty-eight undergraduate accounting students are used to examine three hypotheses. Literature suggests that individuals with lower ethical reasoning levels are more likely to agree with unethical behavior. Therefore, hypothesis one investigates the relationship between ethical reasoning and ethical decision making. Literature also suggests that individuals agreeing with Machiavellian statements are more likely to agree with questionable activities. Hypothesis two investigates the relationship between Machiavellian behavior and ethical decision making. Prior gender literature suggests that gender influences ethical decision making, with females being more ethical than males. Therefore, hypothesis three examines whether female accounting students agree less with questionable activities compared to males.
Results indicate that ethical reasoning is significantly correlated with studentsâ ethical ratings on the business vignettes. Similarly, Machiavellian behavior is significantly correlated with studentsâ ethical ratings. Consistent with prior gender literature, females agree less with questionable activities compared to male accounting students.Ph. D.
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Duxbury, Anna. "Ethical decision making : advance directives and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/81364/.
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This thesis comprises a literature review, a research paper and a critical review of the research process. In the literature review, a meta-ethnography was conducted in order to identify and synthesise 17 studies that explored a person’s experience and understanding of advance directives in physical health care. Four themes emerged: ‘hope and fears for the family’; ‘the trust between the participant and the doctor’; ‘the communication of advance directives by health care staff’ and ‘hope and fears for the individual’s future. The findings are discussed in terms of culture and identity, affective forecasting and the notion of ‘conditional autonomy’. The empirical paper used a grounded theory informed methodology with ten participants who were all mental health professionals with experience of making a decision to give someone ECT or not. The ten participants were interviewed in order to develop a model that explained how this process occurred in clinical practice. The critical review discusses my own epistemological position in relation to the research process and how it influenced my choice of methodology. The limitations of the research will then be reviewed specifically focusing on the challenges of involving expert by experience consultants (EbE) and recruiting service users and family to the research. The paper is concluded by linking the two research papers together by discussing the role of advance directives in ECT.
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Chatzidakis, Andreas. "The role of neutralisation in consumers' ethical decision-making." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12844/.
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Consumers often behave in ways that are in apparent contradiction to their expressed ethical concerns (e.g. Carrigan and Attalla, 2001). In light of this, it is imperative that theories of consumer's ethical decision-making explain the ways in which people justify these acts to themselves and others. This thesis advances the concept of neutralisation (Sykes and Matza, 1957) in order to explore how individuals soften or eliminate the impact that counter-attitudinal and norm-contradictive behaviour can have upon their self-concept and social relationships. A mixed method approach was adopted, comprising of two qualitative and two quantitative studies. The first qualitative study examined the applicability of neutralisation in consumers' support for the Fair Trade movement, a context which has been identified as of particular concern in previous research. Subsequently, the role of neutralisation in ethical decision-making was hypothesised within the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1985, 1991). A second qualitative study enabled the operationalisation of the TPB and neutralisation constructs and informed the design of the quantitative studies. A survey study and an experiment served to test the main research hypotheses. Results indicated that neutralisation has a significant, negative effect on intention and it precedes actual behaviour. This represents the first successful attempt to integrate neutralisation with an existing account of ethical decision-making. Despite this, there was no conclusive indication that neutralisation moderates the norm-intention, attitude-intention and intention-behaviour relationships. The experimental study did not appear to confirm the causal role of neutralisation but it did suggest possible moderating effects of the personal (rather than social) acceptance of neutralising beliefs. These findings are discussed in the light of previous studies and implications for neutralisation and ethical decision-making research are explored.
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Solgos, Justice T. "The Effect of Regulatory Focus on Ethical Decision-Making." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461153442.
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Jalbert, Nicole M. "Ethical decision making by managers : a policy capturing approach /." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063138/.
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Schepers, Donald Herbert 1951. "Issues, spheres, and roles: Cues for ethical decision-making." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288898.
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Previous models of ethical decision making in business have placed little emphasis on the role of awareness of ethical dilemmas in determining the ethical outcome of business decision making. After a review of previous models, a contingency model is proposed that explicitly includes the issue of ethical awareness and its role in ethical decision making in business. The resulting contingency model of ethical decision making in business is based on both psychological and sociological theories. Problem content is hypothesized to interact with social expectations to create a state of ethical awareness. This ethical awareness is hypothesized to be affected by the presence or absence of codes of conduct, as well as the presence or absence of risk, as the decision maker moves from awareness of problem dimensions to intention formation. It is thought that risk further affects the decision maker as he/she progresses from intention formation to action. Outcomes are hypothesized to feed back into the awareness and intention formation stages. The model is fully described, and a number of research propositions are offered. The model is partially tested in this dissertation. An issue raising high ethical awareness and an issue raising low ethical awareness are tested for their impact on decision making. Further, the impact of business and professional codes are examined, as well as the role of risk in ethical decision making. It is found that different variables impact the decision process, depending on high or low states of ethical awareness. High ethical awareness results in a high frequency of ethical decisions, but low ethical awareness has no impact on frequency of ethical decisions. It is found that codes do not have impact in the laboratory setting, but risk does, under conditions of low ethical awareness. Under a condition of high ethical awareness, ethical awareness positively impacted ethical decision making. Under a condition of low ethical awareness, ethical awareness did not impact ethical decision making, but age negatively impacted ethical decision making, and work experience positively impacted ethical decision making. The study may be limited due to sample (MBA students) and technique (in-basket exercise). Suggestions for future research were to: (1) investigate the cause of high or low ethical awareness, using the problem content and social expectation interaction as one hypothesis; (2) verify the use of differential information in the decision process, dependent on condition of high or low ethical awareness; and (3) find more productive ways of identifying the action of codes in the ethical decision making process.
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Silove, Melanie. "Ethical decision-making in the therapeutic space : a psychoanalytic view." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020873.
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This study examined the ethical decision-making process as it transpired in the everyday context of the therapeutic space. In-depth interviews explored the subjective experiences of six South African psychologists, practicing as psychoanalytic psychotherapists, and their efforts to resolve real-life ethical dilemmas. The theoretical framework used to interpret the data subsumed professional literature in psychology on principle-based ethical decision-making as well as contemporary psychoanalytic debates on the phenomenon of countertransference enactments. A review of ethics codes, survey research and seminal decision-making frameworks suggests that ethical dilemmas have traditionally been resolved by recourse to an objective and impartial “principle ethics” perspective. Empirical evidence shows, however, that logical thinking and the rational application of codes, principles and standards are often insufficient to secure ethical action. The establishment of reflective space and the core theoretical notion of “ethical decision-making enactments” were proposed in order to address the subjective, irrational and unconscious dimension of professional decision-making. This study used a broadly hermeneutic research method which transformed participants‟ descriptions of engagement with real-life dilemmas into a psychoanalytically informed interpretive account of ethical decision-making. Twelve aspirational ethical principles were found to guide participants‟ daily analytic work. Beneficence was the principle most strongly identified with and nonmaleficence was the most neglected ethical principle. Unprocessed countertransference responses were shown to drive earlier prereflective phases of the ethical decision-making process. Mature ethical judgment was predicated upon the retrospective analysis of enactment phenomena. Dissatisfaction was expressed by all participants with regard to the role of professional resources in aiding the resolution of stressful ethical dilemmas. Risk factors for compromised professional decision-making included the paucity and perceived irrelevance of postgraduate ethics training, supervisory failure to confront the ethical and countertransference dimensions of common dilemmas and professional isolation. Rather than eliciting the hope of emotional support and greater insight, professional resources on the contrary mostly appeared to induce anxiety, mistrust and fearfulness. Based on the data and the literature, a pragmatic psychoanalytically informed ethical decision-making model was finally generated. The model, which considers both principle ethics as well as countertransference phenomena, offers a preliminary contribution to professional dialogue on the development and evaluation of empirically based decision-making frameworks. Practical recommendations are made for both the revision of the current South African ethics code and for improving the postqualifying ethics education of psychoanalytic practitioners and supervisors. The limitations of the data are discussed and directions for future research initiatives are proposed.
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Burstein, Ronald Mark. "The ethical decision-making self-efficacy of psychologists and counselors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186308.
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ethical decision making self-efficacy of a sample of state-credentialed psychologists and counselors. A questionnaire was constructed which asked respondents to rate the confidence they possessed in relation to thirty items (reflecting ten a priori ethical decision-making domains). The items described ethical knowledge and ethical decision-making tasks and situations. The questionnaire also included eight questions pertaining to respondents' personal characteristics and professional education, training, and experience. The questionnaire was mailed to 400 Arizona-licensed psychologists and 340 Arizona-certified counselors. Although no formal, a priori hypotheses were established prior to the survey, it was expected that the extent and quality of professional ethics training might be associated with higher scores on factors generated by an exploratory factor analysis performed on survey results. In particular, it was anticipated that a values-clarification component of ethics training would be associated with higher ethical decision-making factor scores. Approximately 50% of the total sample responded to the survey. The factor analysis of scorable questionnaires resulted in a six-factor model of ethical decision-making self-efficacy. The six factors were: (1) Knowledge, (2) Behavior, (3) Thinking, (4) Awareness, (5) Resources, (6) Authorities-Conflict Analysis/Resolution. Having taken an ethics course as a student was associated with higher scores on factors 1, 5, and 6. Having taken an ethics training seminar as a postgraduate was associated with higher scores on factors 1, 2, and 5. Those respondents with a values clarification component to their ethics training scored higher on factors 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Study results suggest that further development of an Ethical Decision Making Self-Efficacy Scale and pursuit of a national survey of psychologists and counselors addressing issues raised in this study are warranted.
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Webster, Tammy Tanner. "Successful Ethical Decision-Making Practices from the Professional Accountants' Perspective." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3733.
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Unethical behavior includes all decisions and actions counterproductive to an organization's mission and can cause irrevocable damage to the organization's professional reputation. The Securities and Exchange Commission reported 807 ethical violations in 2015. This study was underpinned by the ethical leadership theory, which emphasizes leadership decision making based on fair and just practices, for all involved parties. The purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore the ethical decision-making best practices that not-for-profit accounting managers in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area needed to strengthen the ethical decision-making process in their organizations. Data were collected through semistructured interviews from 5 participants who were accounting leaders of not-for-profit organizations. The analysis of data involved coding techniques, while member checking ensured confirmability of participant responses. Three themes emerged from the analysis of data as the most effective in fostering an ethical climate within the organizations, notably: the importance of leveraging internal controls, staff education on ethical decision making, and the role of leadership in fostering ethical leadership. The findings from this study may contribute to social change by providing leaders with strategies to reduce the occurrence of fraud within organizations. The beneficiaries of this research may include not-for-profit leaders, accounting professionals, and business practitioners. The goals of these individuals are to aid companies in furthering their missions and ensure organizations remain operational and utilize ethical decision making.
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Roetzel, Robert. "A syllabus for introducing army leaders to ethical decision-making." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Grines, Lorelei L. "Ethical decision making : a study of physicians' behavioral intentions in situations having ethical content /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859313347301.
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Laaksoharju, Mikael. "Let us be philosophers! : Computerized support for ethical decision making." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för människa-datorinteraktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-132779.
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This thesis presents a computerized tool for ethical decision making. For someone who is unfamiliar with the psychological theory that the tool is based on, it will perhaps first appear as a pointless piece of software. It does not give any guidance to what an ethically correct decision is, it does not suggest relevant ethical principles or guidelines and it does not even make reference to known cases of good moral conduct. In fact, it does not make any moral claims at all. The only two things that the tool does are that it stimulates reflective, analytical and holistic reasoning and blocks automatic, biased and constrained impulses. This approach is chosen to improve the decision maker's ability to consider the relevant circumstances in a situation. By focusing on relevant interests of stakeholders, the scope of consideration in a moral situation can be expanded and the impact of decisions can be evaluated with respect to these. To justify this non-normative approach, the functionality of normative ethics is analyzed. The conclusion stresses the importance of self-conscious deliberation. Further arguments for advocating a systematic, holistic and self-critical handling of moral problems are collected from both philosophy and psychology. The structure and functionality of the tool is founded in psychological theory and especially the problem of cognitive biases in moral decision making is addressed. The tool has been evaluated in two studies, which both indicate that it actually delivers what it was designed to do. Statistically significant results show that the tool helped users to expand the scope of consideration in a moral problem situation compared to using an equivalent paper-and-pen-based method.ETHCOMP
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Schneider, Beverley J. "Animal use, ethical position, conflict, moral responsibility, and decision making." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ46300.pdf.
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Ng, Sau-man Catalina, and 吳秀敏. "Ethical decision-making in individual counseling among student guidance teachers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31961897.
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Chau, Long Fung Lewis. "Corporate entrepreneurship and ethical decision-making behavior of marketing managers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/134.
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Louw, Brenda. "Cultural Competence and Ethical Decision Making for Health Care Professionals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1984.
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Cultural competence and ethical decision making are two separate, yet intrinsically related concepts which are central to services rendered by all health care professionals. Cultural competence is based on ethical principles and informs ethical decision making. In spite of this important connection, the interrelationship of these two concepts does not receive the attention it deserves in the literature. This issue is addressed by appraising the training and assessment of cultural competence and ethical decision making in the health care professions. The integrated relationship of these two concepts is illustrated within the broader contexts of higher education, research and clinical practice. Health care professionals who incorporate cultural competence and ethical decision making will be empowered to provide the best services to their clients/ patients in multicultural contexts to ensure optimum outcomes.
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Rashid, George J. "Counselor educator ego development and ethical decision-making post graduation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2262.
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Counselor Educators are interested in assessing and promoting the professional and personal development of those in the counseling profession, including their ego and ethical development. While there has been much research concerning such development, there is insufficient research concerning the level of personal development of Counselor Educators themselves, and how such development progresses over the course of their tenure as professors. Thus, this dissertation assessed the ethical decision-making and ego development of Counselor Educators who earned their doctorates from institutions accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) and who are currently working as Counselor Educators at a CACREP-accredited program. In particular, the following questions had sought to be answered: (a) What is the level of ego development of Counselor Educators and how do they develop over their tenure as professors? (b) What is the ethical decision-making level of Counselor Educators and how do they develop over their tenure as professors? (c) What is the relationship between ego development and ethical decision-making as Counselor Educators develop both of these over their tenure? and (d) How do the varying environments, qualities, and responsibilities of Counselor Educators relate to ego development and level of ethical decision-making?
Essentially, the Researcher categorized Counselor Educators into two groups, according to their level of tenure: untenured (assistant professors) and tenured (associate professors and full professors). The Researcher then measured ego development, using the Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger, 1996), and ethical decision-making, using the Ethical Decision-Making Scale—Revised (EDMS-R; Dufrene, 2000). The Researcher then compared WUSCT stages and EDMS-R P indexes for each of the two group-mean scores through a one-way analysis of variance ANOVA), in order to ascertain if there were developmental differences between the two groups. It was anticipated that tenured professors, on the whole, would be more developed than untenured professors.
The results from the present study tentatively indicate that Counselor Educators are well-developed, in terms of ego development and ethical decision-making. Of the four research questions, there was one finding of significance: participants who stated that they were not very challenged by their department had higher EDMS-R P indexes than those who were challenged.
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FERRETTI, GIULIA. "ETHICAL ISSUES IN MAMMOGRAPHY SCREENING PROGRAMS AND WOMEN'S DECISION-MAKING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/555812.
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The dissertation deals with the ethics of mammography screening programs and related individual women’s decision-making regarding whether to participate the program. While, on the one hand, mammography screening is proven beneficial in reducing breast cancer mortality at the population level, on the other hand routine screening also entails potential harmful outcomes for individuals such as false positive results and overdiagnosis. Intrinsic difficulties in evaluating the magnitude of benefits and harms of mammography, as well as in the identification of the target population, gave rise to a tremendous scientific, political and social debate. The latest up-to-date Western countries’ guidelines recognize the complexity of assessing the net benefit of routine mammography screening, especially for women aged 40 to 49 who, nevertheless are eligible to participate programs on the basis of their personal evaluation and preferences. This dissertation argues that shared decision-making constitutes the most effective way of respecting women’s autonomy and incorporating their values in the decision-making process. Among different ethical theories, the dissertation claims that care ethics represents the most suitable normative ethical approach to justify and provide a concrete guide to SDM, which can also be applied to the inquiry of older women’s mammography screening as well as to other clinical contexts. Finally, in order to provide physicians with a practical tool for eliciting women’s values and preferences, the major themes of women experiencing breast cancer identified through a critical interpretative literature review are systematically presented and proposed as a basis for an empirical qualitative research on the issue.
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Williamson, Stanley G. (Stanley Greer). "Ethical reasoning and risk propensity: a comparison of hospital and general industry senior executives." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332603/.
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This research explores whether differences in ethical reasoning levels exist between senior hospital managers and top level general industry executives. Similar comparisons are made between not-for-profit hospital managers and their peers in for-profit hospitals. Also examined are the ethical reasoning levels used most often by practicing executives, regardless of industry affiliation.
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Caldwell, James. "Individual Reactions to Organizational Ethical Failures and Recovery Attempts: A Recovery Paradox?" Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3273.
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The vast majority of behavioral ethical research focuses on the antecedents of unethical behavior. Consequently, questions involving the consequences of organizational unethical behavior remain largely unanswered. Therefore, extant business ethics research largely neglects the impacts of organizational unethical behavior on individuals. Moreover, questions involving what organizations can do to correct or recover from having engaged in unethical behavior as well as individual responses to those efforts are also mostly ignored. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of unethical activity on employees and explore organizations that have failed ethically and their attempts at recovery. This study explores two issues. First, how do employees react to organizational unethical behavior (OUB) and to what extent are those reactions dependent on contextual and individual factors? Second, to what extent can organizations recover from the negative impacts of ethical failure? More specifically, is it possible for organizations that fail in their ethical responsibilities to recover such that they are paradoxically "better-off" than their counterparts that never failed in the first place? To explore these issues I review, integrate and draw upon the ethical decision-making and service failure recovery literatures for theoretical support. Empirical testing included two studies. The first was a field study using survey data acquired from the Ethics Resource Center (ERC) in which over 29,000 participants were asked about their perceptions of ethics at work. Second, a supplemental field study was conducted in which 100 employees rated the characteristics of unethical acts (e.g. severity). Results revealed a negative direct effect of severity and controllability of the OUB on perceptions of organizational ethicality and a negative direct effect of controllability of the OUB on organizational satisfaction. Ethical context moderated the relationship between OUB controllability and perceived organizational ethicality. Partial support was found for the moderating effects of ethical context on the relationship between OUB severity and perceived organizational ethicality. Results also supported an ethical failure recovery paradox.Ph.D.
Department of Management
Business Administration
Business Administration PhD
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Edwards, Jonathan. "Ethical decision-making: a treatise into the role of ethics in 21st century policing." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573379.
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In 1829, on setting up the modern police service, Sir Robert Peel stated, "The police are the public and the Public are the Police" (Williams, 2003:100). He recognised the accountability the police service has to its communities. Integral to this accountability are the notions of legitimacy and public confidence. Police officers are charged with carrying out their duties with a great deal of autonomy, but implicit within that freedom is the confidence that police officers are ethical and make decisions based on the notion of impartiality and without fear or favour - in other words, ethical decision-making. In this study, the primary research questions focus on the manner in which ethics influences police decision-making, and why some police decisions and actions appear unethical. It explores the implications of the empirical findings for police training and practice. At the centre of the research methodology are qualitative interviews, which include the use of vignettes. These were used successfully to enable participants to reflect on and explain the practical realities of day-to-day policing. The research identifies three key elements in the day-to-day practice of police ethical decision-making that will directly contribute to knowledge and understanding of police operational decision-making, namely: • Police ethical decision-making is highly situated; It is strongly influenced by police occupational culture; The existing model of police training does not adequately prepare officers for ethical decision-making. This study further identifies that police decision-making, particularly the police use of discretion, is affected by subjective and contextual factors, such as the 'attitude test', where individuals refuse to defer to the police officers legitimate authority and show the 'necessary respect'. It also identifies that the notion of 'the nine o'clock jury' is a consideration in police decision-making and that the desire to avoid scrutiny might lead an officer to make a decision they perceive to be acceptable to the organisation, rather than one that may be 'right' at that time. The evidence generated during this study demonstrates that the National Decision Model (NOM), produced by the Association of Chief Police Officers, may prove a valuable tool in cases where police officers need to make ethical decisions as it provides a framework by which officers can 'test' their decision-making. The findings demonstrate that police occupational culture plays a significant role in the ethical decision-making of police officers. A feature that emerged during interviews was that, while there was a reluctance to 'grass' on a colleague, this would not occur at the expense of themselves, bringing to the fore the notion of 'self-preservation'. Authors, such as Reiner (2010), have identified that group solidarity and loyalty are common features in the police occupational culture, and this research provides evidence that police ethical decision-making remains heavily influenced by the 'esprit de corps', where the team bond remains a significant feature within police occupational culture. Finally, the study demonstrates that police training in relation to ethics and ethical decision-making is sporadic. Many officers identified that they received little or no training in relation to ethics and ethical dilemmas, which form an integral part of the reality of policing. A clear finding from this research study is that vignettes are a valuable research and training method and should be used more frequently for police-based research
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Zhang, Jun. "Ethical decision making : an exploratory study of British and Chinese manager behaviour." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2009. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/ethical-decision-making(bb452fe1-d2f5-45f3-b542-33d283acda51).html.
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The growth of international businesses within the context of economic globalisation has created different operating environments that have exposed managers at both national and international levels to different business challenges as well as moral dilemmas. The moral dilemmas and subsequent decisions facing managers in Britain and China today are important considerations both in terms of research knowledge and management practices. This thesis is based on a triangulated cross-cultural comparative study of managers working for British multi-national corporations (MNCs) in China and the United Kingdom (UK). The study includes a postal survey and semi-structured interviews with Chinese and British managers of British MNCs that represent various industries. Alternative to traditional approach, the study has investigated the reality experienced by the managers in their decision making when confronted by moral dilemmas. The managers‟ moral behaviour processes are compared. For China-based managers, the recent moral, economic, social and cultural changes in modern China have contributed to the creation of ethical challenges. The dilemma for them is whether to follow local practices or the corporate standards of their British companies. For managers who are based in Britain, the centre of the moral tension is caused by reconciling personal ethical standards when making decisions to prioritise business rationale. Similarities found between Chinese and British managers show that despite moral struggles and discomfort suffered by managers, the decisions they finally make are determined by a leaning towards their companies‟ continued benefit. The evidence in this study suggests that managers‟ moral behaviour and final decisions are not often determined by what they personally think is morally right or wrong, but determined by their managerial responsibility, business pressure, commonly accepted practices, business culture and social environment, as well as changing economic environments. The components which play essential parts in constructing moral behaviour include managers‟ moral sensitivity, judgement, motivation and decisions. Business rationale and economic values of a decision are consistently shown to be the main reasons which can explain managers‟ decisions. This is the reality of managerial ethical decision-making interpreted and understood by the managers in China and the UK in this study.
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Mohd, Mustamil Norizah. "The influence of culture and ethical ideology on ethical decision making process of Malaysian managers." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/646.
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The ethical decision making (EDM) process of individuals has proven to be very challenging due to the multitude of complex and varied factors that contribute to this behaviour. Nevertheless, many theoretical frameworks have been proposed to describe such behaviour. Despite the increasing number of EDM models and practices, reports of unethical incidents and illegal behaviour, especially in organizations, continue to appear. This problem is in part related to the failure of EDM models that do not adequately explain the antecedent factors of ethical behaviour by individuals in organizations. As a result, there is a gap between theory and practice. Hence, the main objective of this study is to address these shortcomings by exploring and empirically examining the antecedents in the EDM process and by developing a behavioural model that encompasses a fully functional model of individual ethical behaviour.Furthermore, most of the major frameworks have been formulated from a Western perspective. The current research was conducted in the Malaysian context, using a model that accounts for cultural differences. The most generally accepted concept is that culture is a key determinant of an individual's ethical ideology, which affects an individual’s inclination to behave ethically. In other words, culture acts as a guideline in determining whether certain practices are appropriate and acceptable. However, individuals in organizations also have an obligation to comply the culture in their work setting. Therefore, the culture of ethical practices in an organization is expected to play an important role in the process of EDM. In addition, literature has established the moderating effect of gender, age and level of education in such behaviour. Therefore, the current research also further investigated the relationship among the components of the EDM process, which has thus far not been given proper attention.A two-phase sequential mixed-method approach, consisting of qualitative and quantitative approaches, was carried out in this research. In the qualitative part, a field study of semi-structured interviews was conducted with the objective of testing the applicability of the initial model besides exploring the dimensionality of the construct. The data was analyzed using content analysis through Nvivo software. Based on the analysis, the dimensionality of the constructs was identified and two more relevant antecedent factors were detected, namely parental values and religiosity. Thus, these two factors were added to the comprehensive research model. A survey was conducted among managers from Malaysia large organizations to collect quantitative data. The data was analyzed using a Partial Least Square (PLS) based Structural Equations Modelling (SEM) tool. In addition, multi-group analysis of PLS was also employed.The major findings of this research have confirmed the influence of ethical ideology as the major determinant of the EDM process. Furthermore, results have demonstrated the role of culture as the antecedent of an individual’s ethical ideology. Interestingly, the influence of parental values and religiosity, which was derived from the field study, was also confirmed. Findings also verified the moderating effect of the organizational ethical culture in enhancing a moral awareness of an individual’s EDM process. With regards to the relationship among the components of the EDM process, findings revealed sequential and interrelationship links between the components. On the other hand, the moderating effect of gender, age and level of education in the EDM process was not detected. Overall results confirm the multidimensional construct and the complexity of such a process. This research provides a significant contribution to the existing knowledge in the EDM area. Most importantly, an understanding of the antecedents and the processes of EDM provides guidelines for organizations in developing better ethical programs and policies in order to promote and encourage ethical behaviour. Perhaps a major contribution of this research is the implication for managers to enhance the process of EDM in organizations.
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Myburgh, Stephanus J. "Undoing closure responsible use of the Bible in Christian ethical decision making /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02242010-110105/.
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Menzler, Cathryn Ann. "The teaching and learning of ethical decision-making : the teacher's dilemma /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18955.pdf.
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Malloy, David Cruise. "An interpretative-theoretical model of ethical decision-making for sport organizations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7915.
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The purpose of this study is to develop a model of ethical decision making which will provide a generic and comprehensive philosophical and psychological theoretical foundation for the extension of current theoretical knowledge of ethical behaviour in organizations. In addition, the study's purpose is to provide information which might enhance the practitioner's ability to make ethically right, good, and authentic decisions. The primary data for the study are 14 theoretical models of ethical decision making developed in or having relevance ot administrative contexts. The study employs an interpretative-theoretical methodology of model construction which is both rigorous and deliberative. This methodology consists of four sequential phases: exploration, analysis, classification, and explanation. The five questions posed are as follows: (1) What is the purpose of ethical decision making? (2) What are the theoretical foundations of ethical decision making? (3) What are the elements of ethical decision making? (4) What are the moderators of ethical decision making? (5) What is the process of ethical decision making? The study concludes that there are two general purposes of ethical decision making in administrative contexts, member utility and organizational utility. Member utility refers to the enhanced effectiveness of organizational members who are able to avoid ethical transgression; organizational utility refers to the general enhancement of the organization in terms of efficiency and effectiveness as mediated through the organizational culture and climate. The theoretical foundations for ethical decision making are philosophical and psychological. Seven elements of ethical decision making are identified in the model. These elements are the recognition of the ethical issue, alternative generation, ethical evaluation of the alternatives, ethical judgement, intention, overt ethical/unethical behaviour, and ethical evaluation of behaviour. The moderators of ethical decision making are eclectic and have been grouped into five distinct categories of influencing variables. They are: individual, issue specific, significant other, situational, and external moderators. The moderators influence the decision maker and the ethical decision-making process. The model proposes that the process that ought to be employed by decision makers is open and rational. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Parsons, Kurt R. "A study of religious faith and the ethical decision making process." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FParsons.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Leadership and Human Resource Development)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Johnson, Brad ; Mallory, Linda. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 23, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95). Also available in print.
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Wong, Wai-hung, and 黃偉雄. "Ethical decision-making in individual counselling among secondary school guidance teachers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31960558.
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Cheung, Fung, and 張豐. "Ethical decision making of discipline teachers in Hong Kong secondary schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31960777.
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Minnis, Joan Quinn. "Ethical and Moral Decision Making: Praxis and Hermeneutics for School Leaders." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3248.
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ABSTRACT
There has been a renewed interest in the inclusion of ethics as part of educators' training and interest in understanding the moral and ethical dimensions of educational practice. This research was designed to study the types of dilemmas school level leaders face, the characteristics of typical dilemmas, and the implications for leader preparation, professional development, and practice.
In documenting the lived experiences of former school level leaders, the grounded theory approach to qualitative inquiry and the critical incident technique (CIT) were employed. Data collected from interview sessions, dialogs, journals and reflections were used to analyze the types of dilemmas school level leaders faced, the characteristics of typical dilemmas, and the implications for leader preparation, professional development, and practice.
This study confirmed the prevalence of ethical dilemmas for school level leadership. The critical incidents shared by the participants revealed that school leaders were guided by district policies and experienced dissonance or tension between their guiding ethical beliefs and policies or expectations of the district. The data determined that school level leaders sought to act in the best interests of students. Participants acknowledged that the core of their ethical and moral fiber was developed early in their youth and was reinforced by pivotal life experiences. This acknowledgement suggested that pivotal life experiences could influence an individual's ethical and moral fiber. The findings also indicated that professional development in ethics could be effective for school level leaders. Additionally, the data revealed a dichotomy around whether ethics could be taught. The findings were inconclusive in determining how race and/or gender played a significant role in the dilemmas that school level leaders face or the resolution of the dilemmas. Further research and study of this issue may be warranted in light of the changing demographics of our schools, communities, and school level leaders. Critical reflection proved to be a process that could benefit practicing and aspiring school level leaders. Exploring how this process could be implemented in school leader preparation and professional development programs is a phenomenon worthy of further research.
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Spencer, Patricia Elizabeth. "Ethical Decision Making in the Indian Mediascape: Reporters and Their Stories." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc10981/.
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Hundreds of reporters gather and interpret news for four English-language newspapers in India's second-largest urban area Kolkata, West Bengal's state capital, which is home to over 4 million people. Journalists from The Statesman, The Telegraph-Kolkata, The Hindustan Times and The Times of India discuss how they collect their stories in Bengali, Hindi, Urdu, and many other languages and write them in English targeting a small but emerging middle-class audience. Whether these articles focus on people-centric urban planning, armed vigilantes in community disputes, dowry death cases, or celebrity culture, all of the reporting involves cultural and ethical challenges. Using semi-structured interviewing and qualitative theme analysis, this study explores how gender, class, and religion affect the decision-making practices of 21 journalists working in Kolkata.
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Fichter, Rachel Danielle. "Do the Right Thing! Exploring Ethical Decision-Making in Financial Institutions." Thesis, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10276976.
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The purpose of this study on employee ethical decision-making (EDM) in financial institutions was to explore how bankers experience tension between a firm’s formal ethical standards and those that are actually practiced, as they make decisions about issues that arise in their daily work. Interviews with 13 bankers explored three main questions: (a) how they approach challenging business decisions that have ethical implications; (b) what factors they take into consideration as part of the decision-making process, especially where existing laws and guidelines are inadequate; and (c) what learning processes they engage in that underpin their decision making.
This qualitative inquiry utilized a single-case study method with a common rationale to provide insights into the ethical decision making across the financial industry. Three data collection methods were used: (a) a pre-interview questionnaire, (b) in-depth interviews using a critical incident technique, and (c) a review of publicly available industry documents. Four key findings emerged: 1. Bankers experienced significant tension between the espoused theories and theories-in-use of their organizations. 2. The majority of bankers endeavored to preserve their integrity and find meaning in their careers while accepting the tensions they experienced and even defending the industry. 3. Six factors impacted informal and incidental learning processes utilized by bankers for ethical decision making 4. All bankers engaged in at least one of three levels of reflection as part of their decision-making process.
Deeper insights into the data were revealed through a cross-interview analysis, and three analytical categories were used to further synthesize and interpret the data: (a) lack of fit between individual and organization priorities; (b) time horizon as a determinant of ethical decision making; and (c) individual, organizational, and environmental forces impacting learning.
Five conclusions were drawn from the descriptive findings and the analysis: 1. EDM in financial institutions is a complex social process. 2. Organizational strategies designed to help EDM actually prevent it. 3. Speaking up is hindered by the desire to preserve integrity. 4. Informal learning is important for EDM, but insufficient. 5. HR must have a voice as employee advocate.