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Johnson, James F., and Shane Connelly. "Moral Disengagement and Ethical Decision-Making." Journal of Personnel Psychology 15, no. 4 (September 2016): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000166.
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Abstract. Process-focused models of ethical decision-making (EDM) have focused on individual and situational constraints influencing EDM processes and outcomes. Trait affect and propensity to morally disengage are two individual factors that influence EDM. The current study examines the moderating role of dispositional guilt and shame on the relationship between moral disengagement and EDM. Results indicate that moderate and high levels of dispositional guilt attenuate the negative relationship between moral disengagement and EDM, while low guilt does not. Dispositional shame does not moderate the relationship between moral disengagement and EDM. Implications for personnel selection are discussed.
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Baldwin, Kathleen M. "Moral distress and ethical decision making." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 8, no. 6 (November 2010): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000388524.64122.41.
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Goles, Tim, Gregory B. White, Nicole Beebe, Carlos A. Dorantes, and Barbara Hewitt. "Moral intensity and ethical decision-making." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 37, no. 2-3 (September 19, 2006): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1161345.1161357.
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Yusnaini, Yusnaini, and Eka Meirawati. "Moral Intensity and Ethical Analysis in Accounting Decision Making." AKUNTABILITAS 17, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/ja.v17i1.20367.
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Theoretically there are four stages in ethical decision making, namely identification of an ethical dilemma, ethical judgment, ethical intention, and ethical action. This study examines the relationship between perceived moral intensity and the first three stages of the ethical decision-making process for accounting students. This study uses an experimental design that uses four business scenarios. This study examines three stages in the ethical decision-making process and provides additional support for the role of moral intensity in ethical decision-making. The results of empirical testing at least partially support all the hypotheses developed in this study. Ethical identification was significantly related to ethical judgment and ethical intention of the four scenarios and ethical judgment was significantly related to ethical intention of the four scenarios. The two dimensions of moral intensity are differently related to the stages of the ethical decision-making process with social consensus emerging as the most important component of moral intensity
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Schwartz, Mark S. "Teaching Behavioral Ethics: Overcoming the Key Impediments to Ethical Behavior." Journal of Management Education 41, no. 4 (March 23, 2017): 497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052562917701501.
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To better understand the ethical decision-making process and why individuals fail to act ethically, the aim of this article is to explore what are seen as the key impediments to ethical behavior and their pedagogical implications. Using the ethical decision-making process proposed by Rest as an overarching framework, the article examines the following barriers to ethical decision making: improper framing, which can preclude moral awareness; cognitive biases and psychological tendencies, which can hinder reaching proper moral judgments; and moral rationalizations, which can obstruct moral judgments from being translated into moral intentions or ethical behavior. Next, pedagogical exercises and tools for teaching behavioral ethics and ethical decision making are provided. The article concludes with its implications.
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Jeong, Sophia S., Cong (Timothy) Sun, and Ping Ping Fu. "Softening the Hearts of Business Students: The Role of Emotions in Ethical Decision Making." Journal of Management Education 44, no. 3 (January 15, 2020): 278–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052562919895039.
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Business schools face a dilemma of promoting prosocial values while maintaining the principles of self-interest and profit maximization. In response to recent research suggesting that emotions may be the key to ethical decision making, we ask two basic questions: Do emotions make business students more ethical? Is business school education inhibiting ethical decision making? Drawing on theories on moral emotions and ethical decision making, we hypothesize that moral emotions will enhance ethical decision making, whereas hedonic emotions will diminish ethical decision making. Furthermore, we predict that a higher level of business school education will strengthen the negative relationship between hedonic emotions and ethical decision making while weakening the positive relationship between moral emotions and ethical decision making. Using a scenario-based repeated-measure design, we tested our hypotheses with 217 students from secondary schools, undergraduate business majors, and MBA programs in Hong Kong. Multilevel modeling results supported our hypotheses, suggesting that business school students may benefit from education on the unique roles of moral and hedonic emotions in the ethical decision-making process. We conclude with a summary of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
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Oei, Amos Winarto. "Pemahaman Identitas Moral dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pengambilan Keputusan Etis bagi Para Peserta Didik Pendidikan Agama Kristen." Societas Dei: Jurnal Agama dan Masyarakat 3, no. 1 (October 24, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33550/sd.v3i1.30.
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ABSTRACT: This article examines whether appealing to learners moral identity makes a significant contribution to their ethical decision making. Moral identity theory and experiment in moral psychology will be used as a source to be reckoned with in improving ethical decision making. This is to avoid excessive emphasis on emotions, environment and knowledge of the rules which did have an impact on one's ethical decision making. The approach used in this article is the quantitative approach. The result showed that the understanding of moral identity can act as an element to boost the ability of ethical decision making. This suggests that religious education which appeals to the learners moral identity can help them to make better ethical decision when complementing the emotional, the environment and the rule-based knowledge approaches. Thus, it is expected that the learners can have good moral character in the future. This moral identity appeal should be widely adopted as a common practice in religious education class. KEYWORDS: moral identity, ethical decision, understanding, cognitive development, religious education.
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Hoły-Łuczaj, Magdalena. "Moral Considerability and Decision-Making." Studia Humana 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2019-0017.
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Abstract The paper revisits metaphysical and deontological stances on moral considerability and offers a new criterion for it – “affectability”, that is a capacity of an agent to affect a considered entity. Such an approach results in significant changes in the scope of moral considerability and is relevant for discussing the human position in the Anthropocene. This concept, given especially the assumption of the directness of moral considerability, is also substantial for the decision making process on the ethical, as well as the political plane.
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Geva, Aviva. "Moral Decision Making in Business: A Phase-Model." Business Ethics Quarterly 10, no. 4 (October 2000): 773–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857833.
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Abstract:The traditional model of ethical decision making in business suggests applying an initial set of principles to a concrete problem and if they conflict the decision maker may attempt to balance them intuitively. The centrality of the ethical conflict in the accepted notion of “ethical problem” has diverted the attention of moral decision modelers from other ethical problems that real-world managers must face—e.g., compliance problems, moral laxity, and systemic problems resulting from the structures and practices of the business organization. The present article proposes a new model for ethical decision making in business—the Phase-model—designed to meet the full spectrum of business-related ethical problems. Drawing on the dominant moral theories in business literature, the model offers additional strategies for tackling ethical issues beyond the traditional cognitive operations of deductive application of principles to specific cases and the balancing of ethical considerations. Its response to the problems of moral pluralism in the context of decision making lies in its structural features. The model distinguishes between three phases of the decision-making process, each having a different task and a different theoretical basis. After an introductory stage in which the ethical problem is defined, the first phase focuses on a principle-based evaluation of a course of action; the second phase provides a virtue-based perspective of the situation and strategies for handling unsettled conflicts and compliance problems; and the third phase adapts the decision to empirical accepted norms. An illustrative case demonstrates the applicability of the model to business real life.
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Lin, Yu-Cheng, Chiung-Yao Huang, and Yu-Shan Wei. "Perfectionist decision-making style and ethical investment willingness." Management Decision 56, no. 3 (March 12, 2018): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2017-0492.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the ethical investment willingness decision-making process to understand how investors evaluate corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a survey of 298 individual investors and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings Results reveal that perfectionist decision-making style is positively related to perceived moral intensity, substitutability of financial returns, and ethical investment willingness. In addition, perceived moral intensity and substitutability of financial returns are positively related to ethical investment willingness. Finally, perceived moral intensity is positively related to substitutability of financial returns, and a two-factor causal mediation model is supported. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study was that the pre-tests and sampling methods required all participants to have investing experience; however, procurement of trading information for each investor was impossible; thus, actual investment behaviors were undetermined. This study shed light on the mediating roles of perceived moral intensity and the substitutability of financial returns. Future studies can further investigate the factors influencing perceived moral intensity and the substitutability of financial returns. Practical implications Future ethical investment education can focus on cultivate the ability to distinguish ethical investments and change ethical investment willingness into actual investment behavior. Originality/value Understanding the relationship between these variables can help understand why ethical investment willingness varies among investors and how the traditional financial theory investment decision model should be revised as, internationally, more people have begun to observe CSR and sustainable development.
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Arar, Khalid, and Anna Saiti. "Ethical leadership, ethical dilemmas and decision making among school administrators." Equity in Education & Society 1, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27526461211070828.
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Ethical dilemmas are an inevitable element in decision making. For school organizations, the emergence of an ethical dilemma in decision making is almost a daily occurrence. The purpose of this research is to reveal the impact of ethical leadership on leaders’ decision making by comparing two samples of school administrators in the Israeli education system using the Ethical Leadership Questionnaire. The research questions were about the factors that influence ethical decision making. They were used to investigate whether or not personal characteristics have any influential role on ethical decision making and whether there are any differences between the two cultures that affect ethical decision making and the dimensions of ethical leadership. The results of this study revealed that ethical leadership and the moral behavior of school members have only positive effects on the evaluation and interpretation of social values, the better treatment of moral dilemmas and the enhancement of ethical decision making. Moreover, in both cases, high positive correlations were found with the variables ethic critique, sensitivity and culture, and the ethic of care. The dimensions of ethical leadership, and hence the ways ethical dilemmas are handled, present similarities between the two cultures.
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HYUN, Jae-Won, Do-Yeon KIM, Ji-Su PARK, Yon-Su CHOI, Yun-Young CHOI, and Sanghee Kim. "Factors that Influence Clinical Nurses’ Moral Courage*." Korean Journal of Medical Ethics 24, no. 1 (March 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35301/ksme.2021.24.1.45.
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Although moral courage can play an important role in resolving some of the ethical dilemmas faced by clinical nurses, the concept of moral courage is in need of greater clarification. This study investigates some of the factors that influence moral courage, including moral sensitivity, ethical decision-making confidence, and ethical environment. A total of 148 nurses agreed to participate in an online survey for this study. The collected data were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression using the IBM SPSS 24 program. The analysis indicates that moral courage has a significant correlation with moral sensitivity (r=.55, p<.001), ethical decision-making confidence (r=.65, p<.001), and ethical environment (r=.66, p<.001). Ethical decision-making confidence and ethical environment were derived as factors that affect moral courage, and the explanatory power of these variables is 52.0% (F=20.94, p<.001). These findings justify the creation of ethical clinical environments in which nurses’ ethical decision-making confidence can be expressed as actual behavior. In addition, it is argued that ethical regulations and guidelines within clinical settings should be clarified in order to establish support systems that protect the well-being of patients and reflect the true value of professional nurses.
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Arrami, Nawfel, and Yang QingXiang. "Impact of Ethical Training on Auditors’ Ethical Decision Making in Morocco." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 32, no. 2 (April 13, 2022): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2022-0008.
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role that can play ethical training in increasing auditors’ level of ethics. Therefore, this research will test any significant differences between the two groups through a multi-group moderation analysis. The first group represents auditors who took an ethics course before, and the other group represents auditors who did not previously take any course. This comparison will be performed based on the relationships between the variables in our model, namely ethical judgment, ethical intention, moral identity centrality, and perceived moral intensity. The sample of this study is mainly external senior auditors operating in audit firms in Morocco. We could obtain 125 usable responses, and we processed data with SmartPLS software. The results show that auditors’ moral identity impacts their ethical judgment positively and significantly, and the effect is more substantial for the group of auditors who took an ethics course before. Moreover, taking an ethics course seems to moderate also the positive and significant relationship between auditors’ ethical judgment and their ethical intention. However, the results were opposite to what we expected concerning the relationship between perceived moral intensity and auditors’ ethical judgment. Thus, ethical training seemed to moderate the positive relationship negatively.
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Nicolson, Donald. "Making lawyers moral? Ethical codes and moral character." Legal Studies 25, no. 4 (November 2005): 601–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2005.tb00686.x.
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This article argues that professional codes of conduct cannot perform the important task of ensuring that lawyers uphold high ethical standards. Instead, moral behaviour by lawyers requires the development of fixed behavioural attributes relevant to legal practice - what may be called a lawyer's professional moral character. At the same time, however, along with other factors, professional codes are important in that they can either contribute to or detract from the successful development of professional moral character. If so, it is argued that in order to have the best chance of assisting the character development of lawyers, codes should neither take the form of highly detailed or extremely vague, aspirational norms, but should instead guide ethical decision-making by requiring them to consider a wide range of contextual factors when resolving ethical dilemmas.
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Arrami, Nawfel, and Yang QingXiang. "The role of moral identity in auditor’s ethical decision making." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 2 (March 21, 2021): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i2.1051.
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This article aims to test and provide empirical evidence of the moderated mediating role that plays moral identity in explaining auditor’s ethical decision making based on Jones' model of moral intensity. Therefore, this research proposes a moderated mediation model where moral identity accessibility mediates the relationship between perceived moral intensity and auditors’ moral judgment. Moreover, Moral identity centrality is tested as a moderator variable for this socio-cognitive model. This study used random sampling methods for external senior auditors operating in audit firms in Morocco. Data obtained by 125 respondents and processed with SmartPLS. The results show that the impact of an auditor’s perceived moral intensity on his moral judgment is fully mediated by moral identity accessibility and moderated by moral identity centrality. Auditor’s moral intensity perception seems to trigger the access to moral identity which in turn affects positively the moral judgment based on how central is moral identity to the individual.
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Valentine, Sean, and Lynn Godkin. "Moral intensity, ethical decision making, and whistleblowing intention." Journal of Business Research 98 (May 2019): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.009.
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Vélez, Juan R. "Freedom of Conscience in Ethical Decision Making." Linacre Quarterly 76, no. 2 (May 2009): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/002436309803889232.
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The freedom of conscience of health providers (physicians, pharmacists, and institutions) has been consistently defended by United States law. In the last few years the freedom of these health providers to act in line with their conscience has been challenged by abortion advocates. The current United States administration wishes to weaken this freedom by reversing a recent ruling of the Department of Health and Human Services, which stipulated that institutions receiving federal funds must express their compliance with non-discrimination laws. A person's moral conscience makes practical judgments founded on binding objective moral norms. For this reason each person is bound to obey his conscience and should have the freedom to do so without discrimination. Physicians and other health-care providers should not be deprived of these legitimate rights.
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Almpani, Sofia, Petros Stefaneas, and Panayiotis Frangos. "Formalization of Ethical Decision Making." International Journal of Extreme Automation and Connectivity in Healthcare 5, no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeach.320488.
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As automation in robotics and artificial intelligence is increasing, we will need to automate a growing amount of ethical decision making. However, ethical decision-making raises novel challenges for designers, engineers, ethicists, and policymakers, who will have to explore new ways to realize this task. For example, engineers building wearable robots should take into consideration privacy aspects and their different context-based scenarios when programming the decision-making procedures. This in turn requires ethical input in order to respect norms concerning privacy and informed consent. The presented work focuses on the development and formalization of models that aim at ensuring a correct ethical behavior of artificial intelligent agents, in a provable way, extending and implementing a logic-based proving calculus. This leads to a formal theoretical framework of moral competence that could be implemented in artificial intelligent systems in order to best formalize certain parameters of ethical decision-making to ensure safety and justified trust.
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Daboval, Jeanne, Ray Comish, and Bruce Swindle. "Influences on Decision-Making Behavior." Psychological Reports 76, no. 1 (February 1995): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.1.176.
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The purpose of this study was to examine, using a series of vignettes, the association of ethical values and decision-making behavior of marketing managers. A questionnaire was mailed to 1,000 practicing marketing managers; a total of 539 usable responses were received. The findings were that respondents tended to make ethical decisions based on costs and benefits of the consequences of the decision rather than absolute moral imperative.
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Chetham, Michele. "Ethical Medical Decision-Making for a Child." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 22, no. 4 (2022): 641–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq202222459.
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Ethical medical decision-making for a child is generally navigated with various standards and models that have been developed to address its complexities. A case is presented of the parents’ refusal of a surgical procedure for their child considered by medical providers as essential and potentially lifesaving, along with the ethical debate of whether the parents’ decision was in the child’s best interest and whether their refusal reached a threshold to report and seek state intervention. Utilizing the best interest standard and additional ethical decision-making tools, the ethicists helped the medical team accept the parents’ decision as reasonable, thus avoiding involvement with Child Protective Services. It is my goal to clarify the parents’ decision as reasonable and as honoring their child’s best interests and inherent dignity through the lens of Catholic anthropological and moral principles. These strengthen the ethical and moral arguments for the parents’ decision and the opposition to state intervention.
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Svegliato, Justin, Samer B. Nashed, and Shlomo Zilberstein. "Ethically Compliant Sequential Decision Making." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 13 (May 18, 2021): 11657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i13.17386.
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Enabling autonomous systems to comply with an ethical theory is critical given their accelerating deployment in domains that impact society. While many ethical theories have been studied extensively in moral philosophy, they are still challenging to implement by developers who build autonomous systems. This paper proposes a novel approach for building ethically compliant autonomous systems that optimize completing a task while following an ethical framework. First, we introduce a definition of an ethically compliant autonomous system and its properties. Next, we offer a range of ethical frameworks for divine command theory, prima facie duties, and virtue ethics. Finally, we demonstrate the accuracy and usability of our approach in a set of autonomous driving simulations and a user study of planning and robotics experts.
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Borun, Sima, Mahboubeh Fooladcheng, Bahram Jokar, and Farideh Yousefi. "The Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Adolescents’ Moral Decision Making and Moral Behavior." Qom Univ Med Sci J 15, no. 6 (September 1, 2021): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.6.2402.1.
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Background and Objectives: The study of interventions for improving decision making and ethical behavior are of interest to researcher. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tDCS on adolescents’ decision-making and moral behavior. Methods: The method of the present study is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. 32 female high school students in Tehran were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups of 16 people. The instruments used included the Ethical Sensitivity, Ethical Decision Making, and Ethical Behavior. Brain stimulation was performed with the TDCS device and at the DLPFC point of the brain anodally and unilaterally in six sessions of 20 minutes, 24 hours apart, with a voltage of 2 mA. Then, post-test was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using t-test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the tDCS group and the control group in the variables of ethical decision making and ethical behavior (P<0.0001). Due to the difference in means, the tDCS group performed better than the control group. Conclusion: In a general conclusion, it can be stated that a 6-session course of tDCS brain stimulation has a positive effect on the decision-making and moral behavior of ninth grade junior high school female students, so it is necessary to examine the effectiveness of this intervention with different groups and in various conditions. And in the case of confirming this finding, it should be considered in counseling and planning centers.
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Oboh, Collins Sankay. "Personal and moral intensity determinants of ethical decision-making." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 148–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-04-2018-0035.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of personal and moral intensity variables on specific processes, namely, ethical recognition, ethical judgment and ethical intention, involved in the ethical decision making (EDM) of accounting professionals.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire containing four vignettes of ethical dilemmas is used in the paper to obtain data from 329 accounting professionals. The data are analyzed using Pearson correlation matrix, independent samplet-test, one-way analyses of variance and multiple regression estimation techniques.FindingsThe findings of the paper suggest that age, economic status, upbringing, moral idealism and relativism, magnitude of consequence and social consensus are significant determinants of the EDM process of accounting professionals.Practical implicationsThe paper provides evidence to guide accounting regulatory bodies on ways to strengthen extant measures that ensure strict compliance with ethics codes among accounting professionals in Nigeria.Originality/valueThe paper provides support for Kohlberg’s cognitive reasoning and moral development theory and Rest’s EDM theoretical model, which will aid the development of a structured curriculum for accounting ethics instruction in Nigeria, as hitherto, there is yet to be a provision for a stand-alone ethics course in the undergraduate accounting programs in Nigeria.
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Kalajtzidis, Ján. "Ethical decision making during disasters1." Human Affairs 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2016-0003.
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Abstract Neither in theory nor in practice does there exist a single model of decision making. It is very difficult to identify a model, or models, which would be most useful during and after a disaster. Within the disaster timeframe (a difficult and complex situation), specific moral dilemmas arise. All the decision making theories tend to be associated with different assumptions about human nature, the quality of the decisions made and the manner in which they are made. Different assumptions may result in different tools being used and subsequently different consequences. The paper will provide a general introduction to the ethical decision making model, and will suggest two ways in which decisions in ethics might be made. The paper will try to deepen the discussion, and suggest answers to questions such as which type of ethical decision making is better in a specific situation such as a disaster? Is there any need to use a different decision making model (from an ethical point of view) in a disaster than in another event? Nonetheless, the article does not provide explicit solutions to these questions, since providing them would require further investigation than is the aim of this paper.
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Hentz,, Patricia Becker. "Ethical Decision-Making: Understanding and Responding to Human Dilemmas." International Journal of Human Caring 7, no. 2 (March 2003): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.7.2.45.
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This paper proposes a dialectical approach for ethical decision-making that embraces the moral voice of reason and the moral voice of compassion. Presented is an organizing framework and decision-making process that seeks to uncover the relational elements, ethical components, and contextual details of the dilemma. It includes a process for decision- making that explores personal understandings, critical thinking, and dialogue.
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Suryaningrum, Diah Hari, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, Bambang Subroto, and Aulia Fuad Rahman. "Empirical Analysis of Ethics Integration and Online Learning in Auditing Course on Ethical Decision Making: Further Evidence from Indonesia." Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544) 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 150–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v1i1.153.
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Whether ethics should be taught and how it should be taught has been questioned by accounting professionals, researchers, and teachers. This experimental study attempts to answer the question and gives further evidence of the beneficial impact of teaching ethics. Participants are sixty students of professional accounting program in the first semester. Ethical decision making was measured using multidimensional ethical scale (MES) that has been used to measure attitudes related to justice, relativism, egoism, contractualism, and utility. MES also allows participants to provide explanation for their moral orientation in making decision. We also construct a ratio scale of participants’ confidence to measureethical decision making. The scales are from 10 to 100 percent to answer question whether they believe that decision made was an ethical decision. Using 2x2 factorial experimentaldesign and analysis of variance, this study proved that interaction of ethics integration andlearning method of online technology has positive impact on participants’ moral orientation. On the contrary, participants’ confidence level in making ethical decision is not related to ethics integration, but influenced by ethics integration and learning methods. These resultsindicate that ethics teaching can influence character and ability of participants’ moral orientation, but when making ethical decision, their confidence level in making ethical decision depend on circumstances faced.
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Kang, Bae-Hwa, and Hye-Young Cho. "Mediating effect of moral sensitivity on the relationship between nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence in nursing students." Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 29, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2023.29.2.180.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to confirm the relationship between nursing students’ nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence, and to clarify the mediating effect of moral sensitivity which has a mutual influence on nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence.Methods: The data collection for this study was conducted from January 23 to February 1, 2021 with junior and senior nursing students enrolled in five nursing departments in two regions. The data collected in this study were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics version 23.0 program.Results: Through this study, it was found that nursing professionalism (<i>β</i>=.47) and moral sensitivity (<i>β</i>=.32) acted as important influencing factors on the ethical decision-making confidence of nursing students, with an explanatory power of 31.2%. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a partial mediating effect of moral sensitivity in the relationship between the nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence of nursing students, and the mediating effect coefficient of moral sensitivity was .16.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it is suggested to prepare a plan to increase ethical decision-making confidence and moral sensitivity when planning interventions to improve nursing professionalism in nursing students.
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Parvari, Soraya, Hoorvash Farajidana, Zohreh Mahmoodi, Farima Mohamadi, Kourosh Kabir, Mehrad Boostanchi, and Nami Mohammadian Khonsari. "Components related to ethical decision making in medical science students: A structural equation model." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 17, 2024): e0297494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297494.
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Background Evaluating moral principles in the Society of Medical Sciences and health care workers (HCWs) is imperative due to their direct contact with the community and the significant impact of their attitudes and decisions on people’s lives. This study aimed to determine the components related to ethical decisions in medical sciences students. Methods One thousand two hundred thirty-five eligible students in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences participated in this descriptive study. We gathered their socio-demographic information, assessed their moral reasoning, and used the ethical decisions questionnaire, Lutsen moral sensitivity questionnaire, and general health questionnaire (GHQ) for data gathering. The data were analyzed with SPSS software version 25 and LISREL version 8.8. Results According to the path analysis test findings, ethical reasoning significantly correlated with ethical decision-making (B = 0.40). The number of clinical courses passed, moral sensation (moral sensitivity), and the total number of passed academic semesters had the greatest positive and negative association with ethical decision-making, respectively. (B = 0.54), (B = 0.524) and (B = -0.11). Conclusion Based on the findings of the moral reasoning test, the moral sensation was associated with ethical decision-making, which indicates the necessity of attending to ethical aspects, promoting moral reasoning, sensitivity, and students’ accuracy.
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Tian, Ziyuan, Xixiang Sun, Jianguo Wang, Weihuan Su, and Gen Li. "Factors Affecting Green Purchase Intention: A Perspective of Ethical Decision Making." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 11151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811151.
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Environmental protection issues are closely related to moral factors, but little research has explored the factors affecting green purchase intention from the aspect of morality. Based on a perspective of ethical decision making, this study investigates the impacts of perceived quality and perceived price on moral intensity and moral judgment, through the moderation of products’ green degree, as well as the impacts of moral intensity and moral judgment on green purchase intention. Research data was collected through a questionnaire survey of 368 consumers in China, and analyzed using a hierarchical linear model. The empirical results reveal that moral intensity and moral judgment significantly promoted green purchase intention. Perceived quality and perceived price both positively affected moral intensity and moral judgment. Products’ green degree positively moderated the relationship between perceived price and moral judgment as well as the relationship between perceived quality and moral judgment. This study provides a new insight into promoting green purchase intention, and the findings may also assist marketers in developing future tactics to increase consumers’ green purchase intention.
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Bingham, Sarah-Louise. "Refusal of treatment and decision-making capacity." Nursing Ethics 19, no. 1 (January 2012): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011431925.
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This article explores refusal of medical treatment by adult patients from ethical and legal perspectives. Initially, consequentialist and deontological ethical theory are outlined. The concepts of autonomy, paternalism and competence are described and an overview of Beauchamp and Childress’s principle-based approach to moral reasoning is given. Relevant common law is discussed and the provisions of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in assessing competence is evaluated. In order to demonstrate the consideration of moral issues in clinical practice, ethical theory is applied to two well-known incidents: the case of Re MB, where doubt over decision-making capacity led to a paternalistic act to override a patient’s choice; and the death of Emma Gough, a situation where respect for autonomy prevailed when healthcare staff acted lawfully in following a patient’s refusal of life-saving treatment. Finally, guidance from regulatory bodies on the roles and responsibilities of health professionals in relation to this topic are considered.
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Chen, Anjier, Linda K. Trevino, and Stephen Humphrey. "Moral Advocacy, Emotional expression, and Group Ethical Decision Making." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 10912. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.10912abstract.
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Schwartz, Mark, and Sophia Maria Kusyk. "Ethical Decision-Making Theory: Revisiting the Moral Intensity Construct." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 16266. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.16266abstract.
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May, Douglas R., and Kevin P. Pauli. "The Role of Moral Intensity in Ethical Decision Making." Business & Society 41, no. 1 (March 2002): 84–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650302041001006.
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Spano, Richard N., and Terry Lea Koenig. "Moral dialogue: An interactional approach to ethical decision making." Social Thought 22, no. 1 (January 2003): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2003.9960328.
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Levitt, Dana Heller, and Ashley A. Aligo. "Moral Orientation as a Component of Ethical Decision Making." Counseling and Values 58, no. 2 (October 2013): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.2013.00033.x.
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Singhapakdi, Anusorn, Scott J. Vitell, and Kenneth L. Kraft. "Moral intensity and ethical decision-making of marketing professionals." Journal of Business Research 36, no. 3 (July 1996): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(95)00155-7.
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Zollo, Lamberto, Sukki Yoon, Riccardo Rialti, and Cristiano Ciappei. "Ethical consumption and consumers’ decision making: the role of moral intuition." Management Decision 56, no. 3 (March 12, 2018): 692–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2016-0745.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the understudied antecedents of moral reasoning and cognitive processes that ultimately shape the ethical consumption. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the socio-intuitionist model are integrated. Holistic, inferential, and affective dimensions of intuition are identified as critical antecedents of environmental concerns that then influence the ethical consumption. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling is used to analyze intuitive judgments and ethical concerns in 256 US undergraduates. The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) is used to measure ethical concerns and the ecologically conscious consumer behavior (ECCB) instrument is used to measure ethical consumption. Findings The results indicate that inferential intuition, but not affective intuition, significantly predicts the ethical concerns (NEP), which in turn significantly influence all five dimensions of ethical consumption behavior (ECCB). Practical implications Managers and marketing strategists should focus on non-rational influences such as moral intuition to effectively promote ethical and responsible consumption. Originality/value The TPB and the intuitionist theory are integrated to reveal empirically how intuitive judgments may affect consumer attitudes and to provide new insights regarding the ethical consumption.
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Dincer, Banu, and Caner Dincer. "Impact of Teaching Accounting Ethics on the Ethical Decision-Making of Future Managers." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (August 23, 2023): 563–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230875.
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This study aims to emphasize the necessity of dealing with cognitive moral development from the undergraduate level and contribute to the literature by testing two major ethical decision-making models considering perceived overall harm and perceived social pressure concepts that emerge from the literature with a combined approach. For this purpose, the ethical decision-making processes (Rest Model) and moral intensity components (Jones Model) are used to better understand individual factors as well as a standalone ethics course impact on the moral sensitivity and ethical decision-making process. So, the ethical differences between business undergraduate students who took the accounting ethics course, undergraduate students, and MBA students who did not take this course are compared. To do the research, the participants responded to scenario-based questions where an accounting officer is forced to capitalize expenses fraudulently. The analysis is realized using T-test, One-Way Anova and Two-Way Manova tests to shed light on the interaction and the differences between groups. Generation, work experience, and gender are other individual factors used for cross-group comparison. Overall, all hypotheses of the research are partially accepted. The results highlight that the students who do not take the ethics course are significantly negatively different from the MBA students and the students who take the ethics course in terms of overall harm. Other findings conclude that a student who has taken an ethics course is as aware of ethical decision-making processes and moral sensitivity as someone in professional life. Keywords: Accounting Ethics Course; Ethical Decision-Making; Moral Intensity; Individual Factors
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Perry, Joshua E., Ilene N. Moore, Bruce Barry, Ellen Wright Clayton, and Amanda R. Carrico. "The Ethical Health Lawyer: An Empirical Assessment of Moral Decision Making." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 3 (2009): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00407.x.
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The empirical literature exploring lawyers and their moral decision making is limited despite the “crisis” of unethical and unprofessional behavior in the bar that has been well documented for over a decade. In particular we are unaware of any empirical studies that investigate the moral landscape of the health lawyer’s practice. In an effort to address this gap in the literature, an interdisciplinary team of researchers at Vanderbilt University designed an empirical study to gather preliminary evidence regarding the moral reasoning of health care attorneys. The primary research question was how health lawyers respond when they encounter ethical or moral dilemmas in their practice for which the law fails to offer a bright-line solution. In exploring this question, we sought to understand better what motivations or influences guide action when health lawyers confront ethical quandaries, and whether there are specific differences, e.g., gender, experience, or religiosity, that are associated with specific responses to situations testing ethical or moral boundaries.
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Nini, Nini, Riani Sukma Wiajaya, and Rahmaita Rahmaita. "Pengaruh Gender, Machiavellianisme, Narsisme dan Empati Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Etis Dengan Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Akuntansi di Kota Padang." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Dharma Andalas 26, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47233/jebd.v26i1.1271.
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Ethical decision making is decision making that considers moral values and ethical principles. Several indicators that will be tested empirically in ethical decision making are gender, Machiavellianism, narcissism and empathy in ethical decision making of accounting students in Padang City. The population of this study were Bachelor of Accounting students in Padang City. The sample in this study was 200 Bachelor of Accounting students with random sample selection. The hypothesis was tested using multiple linear regression. The results of this research show that the variables gender and empathy have a positive influence on ethical decision making, and the variables Machiavellianism and narcissism have a negative influence on ethical decision making. The contribution of this research can provide insight into how gender differences can influence the way individuals process information morally, understanding how manipulative tendencies can influence decision making when individuals face conflicts between personal interests and moral norms. Narism can help explain how narcissistic attitudes and behavior can influence an individual's ability to make ethical decisions and have empathy in various contexts and social contexts.
Abstrak
Pengambilan keputusan etis adalah pengambilan keputusan yang mempertimbangkan nilai-nilai moral dan prinsip-prinsip etika. Beberapa indikator yang akan diuji secara empiris dalam pengambilan keputusan etis adalah jenis kelamin, Machiavellianism, narsisme, dan empati dalam pengambilan keputusan etis mahasiswa akuntansi di Kota Padang. Populasi studi ini adalah mahasiswa S1 Akuntansi di Kota Padang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 200 mahasiswa S1 Akuntansi dengan pemilihan sampel acak. Hipotesis diuji menggunakan regresi linear berganda.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel jenis kelamin dan empati memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap pengambilan keputusan etis, dan variabel Machiavellianism dan narsisme memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap pengambilan keputusan etis. Kontribusi dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana perbedaan jenis kelamin dapat mempengaruhi cara individu memproses informasi secara moral, memahami bagaimana kecenderungan manipulatif dapat mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan ketika individu menghadapi konflik antara kepentingan pribadi dan norma moral. Narsisme dapat membantu menjelaskan bagaimana sikap dan perilaku narsistik dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan individu untuk membuat keputusan etis dan memiliki empati dalam berbagai konteks dan situasi sosial.
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Nyamori, Divine. "Exploring the Relationship between Moral Decision-Making and Emotional Intelligence." International Journal of Philosophy 3, no. 1 (May 3, 2024): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijp.1866.
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Purpose: The general objective of the study was to explore the relationship between moral decision- making and emotional intelligence. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the relationship between moral decision- making and emotional intelligence. Preliminary empirical review revealed that emotional intelligence significantly influences individuals' ability to make ethically sound decisions, as evidenced by positive correlations between emotional intelligence and various aspects of moral decision-making. It found that individuals with higher emotional intelligence demonstrated superior emotional awareness, regulation, and empathy, enabling them to navigate moral dilemmas more effectively. The study highlighted the practical implications of these findings, suggesting that interventions aimed at enhancing emotional intelligence could promote ethical behavior in educational, organizational, and societal contexts. Overall, the research provided valuable insights into the intricate interplay between emotional intelligence and morality, informing strategies for fostering ethical leadership and social responsibility. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Learning theory, Cognitive Developmental theory and Dual Process theory may be used to anchor future studies on moral decision- making and emotional intelligence. The study offered recommendations that contributed significantly to theory, practice, and policy. It suggested further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between moral decision-making and emotional intelligence. Practical implications included integrating emotional intelligence training into educational curricula and organizational practices, fostering ethical leadership and decision-making. Policy-wise, the study advocated for the integration of emotional intelligence and ethical education initiatives into broader societal frameworks. Collaboration among stakeholders was recommended to design evidence-based interventions promoting moral development and emotional competence, ultimately contributing to positive social change. Keywords: Moral Decision-Making, Emotional Intelligence, Education, Leadership, Ethical Dilemmas, Interventions, Stakeholders, Collaboration
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Morchhale, Yogesh. "Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence: Addressing Bias and Fairness in Algorithmic Decision-Making." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 26, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31693.
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The expanding use of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making across a range of industries has given rise to serious ethical questions about prejudice and justice. This study looks at the moral ramifications of using AI algorithms in decision-making and looks at methods to combat prejudice and advance justice. The study investigates the underlying causes of prejudice in AI systems, the effects of biased algorithms on people and society, and the moral obligations of stakeholders in reducing bias, drawing on prior research and real-world examples. The study also addresses new frameworks and strategies for advancing justice in algorithmic decision-making, emphasizing the value of openness, responsibility, and diversity in dataset gathering and algorithm development. The study concludes with suggestions for further investigation and legislative actions to guarantee that AI systems respect moral standards and advance justice and equity in the processes of making decisions. Keywords Ethical considerations, Artificial intelligence, Bias, Fairness, Algorithmic decision-making, Ethical implications, Ethical responsibilities, Stakeholders, Bias in AI systems, Impact of biased algorithms, Strategies for addressing bias, Promoting fairness, Algorithmic transparency.
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Helzer, Erik G., Taya R. Cohen, and Yeonjeong Kim. "The character lens: Moral character promotes ethical decision-making through moral awareness." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 17936. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.17936abstract.
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Fang, Shuaishuai. "Moral Relevance Approach for AI Ethics." Philosophies 9, no. 2 (March 26, 2024): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9020042.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics is proposed as an emerging and interdisciplinary field concerned with addressing the ethical issues of AI, such as the issue of moral decision-making. The conflict between our intuitive moral judgments constitutes an inevitable obstacle to decision-making in AI ethics. This article outlines the Moral Relevance Approach, which could provide a considerable moral foundation for AI ethics. Taking moral relevance as the precondition of the consequentialist principles, the Moral Relevance Approach aims to plausibly consider individual moral claims. It is not only the common ethical target shaping our moral consensus but also the inherent moral ability connecting others with us.
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Habbe, Abdul Hamid, Andi Kusumawati, Alimuddin, Yohanis Rura, and Iskandar Muda. "Cognitive Moral Development, Organizational Situation and Ethical Decision Making in Business and Accounting." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 5 (September 22, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n5p93.
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This study examines the effect of the interaction between cognitive moral development (pragmatic, accommodating, and autonomous) and an organizational situation (agency and stewardship) in business ethical decision making (earnings management and expropriation). This research employed a laboratory experiment design of full factorial factor 3x2 between-within subjects.There were 97 postgraduate students of Hasanuddin University that acted as participants. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that the level of cognitive moral development is positively related to the degree of ethical decisions in accounting and expropriation. The higher the level of cognitive moral development, the more managers act ethically in decisions relating to accounting and expropriation. Meanwhile, the agency and stewardship situation have no effect on the differences in ethical decision making both in accounting and expropriation. Similarly, the exposure to an organizational situation has no impact on the relationship between levels of cognitive moral development and ethical decision making.The assumption stating that cognitive moral development of each participant has been an anchor and not easily changed to the different or the opposite situations is empirically proven.
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Pembi, Stephen, and Bulus Kamna Ali. "Ethical Business Decision-Making in Organizations: A Theoretical Perspectives." Advanced Qualitative Research 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2024): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/aqr.v2i1.2133.
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Ethics issues are characterized by ambiguity and complexity, and they have high-stakes implications for both individuals and organizations. The study of business ethics focuses on identifying the moral standards of good and wrong that govern interactions between and within organisations. To sustain a competitive advantage in today's competitive market, business leaders must embrace ethical decision-making. Businesses that do not make ethical decisions, risk falling behind their market competitors. This research looks at ethical frameworks that can help managers distinguish between ethical and unethical business decisions. As it is a review of literature, the current study mainly depends on literature. Several theories, including utilitarianism, individualism, justice, and right theories, have been examined in this study to explain the underlying cognitive and behavioural processes governing ethical decision-making. The results show that while making moral decisions, managers need to be aware of the ethical ramifications of various issues and circumstances. As a result, managers should use ethical principles while making decisions, especially when it comes to stakeholders in a business. The findings of this study will assist other researchers in identifying comparable studies during the literature review stage of their research and will serve as a framework for future research in business ethics.
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Sinantia, Vemita. "PERAN INTENSITAS MORAL DALAM PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN ETIS: KAJIAN LINTAS BUDAYA." Jurnal Psikologi TALENTA 4, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/talenta.v4i1.6441.
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This cross cultural study has tried to correlate the influence of moral intensity on ethical decision making, for instance on the stage of moral awareness. The phenomenon is interesting to investigate more because there is a difference between individualism culture and collectivism culture in ethical decision making, especially in the correlation of moral intensity components that influence ethical decision making process (Heyler, Armenakis, Walker, & Collier, 2016; McMahon & Harvey, 2007; Saat, Yusoff, & Panatik, 2014; Singh, Vitell, Al-Khatib, & Clark, 2007). Planned behavior theory stated that an individu make a decision based on individual ability to control his or her decision, this theory has been applied in individualism culture (Ajzen, 1991). In other hand, collectivism culture has a different finding with planned behavior theory. An individu in collectivism culture tend to make a decision ethically based on social group control (Ashkanasy, Windsor, & Trevino, 2006; Saat et al., 2014). The different findings on both culture is interesting to discuss more, in order to understand how Indonesian employee as a collectivism culture, and to determine the right ethical training approach for them.
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Aupperle, Kenneth E. "Moral decision making: searching for the highest expected moral value." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-11-01-2008-b001.
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This article offers a new way to conceptualize decision making in regard to ethical dilemmas and complex social issues. The framework provided here identifies steps essential to achieving the highest expected moral value. This process is complex but practical. The purpose is to help academics, students and practitioners in escaping from a simple black and white logic. The framework proposed here attempts to help analysts objectively assess the positives and the negatives associated with a given course of action in order to achieve the best possible outcome. All dilemmas have multiple solutions but too often we reach simple conclusions without addressing consequences. Clearly good moral intent can produce serious harm. Sometimes one may have to choose between the two; good moral intent versus good moral consequences
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Ashkanasy, Neal M., Carolyn A. Windsor, and Linda K. Treviño. "Bad Apples in Bad Barrels Revisited: Cognitive Moral Development, Just World Beliefs, Rewards, and Ethical Decision-Making." Business Ethics Quarterly 16, no. 4 (October 2006): 449–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200616447.
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Abstract:In this study, we test the interactive effect on ethical decision-making of (1) personal characteristics, and (2) personal expectancies based on perceptions of organizational rewards and punishments. Personal characteristics studied were cognitive moral development and belief in a just world. Using an in-basket simulation, we found that exposure to reward system information influenced managers’ outcome expectancies. Further, outcome expectancies and belief in a just world interacted with managers’ cognitive moral development to influence managers’ ethical decision-making. In particular, low-cognitive moral development managers who expected that their organization condoned unethical behavior made less ethical decisions while high cognitive moral development managers became more ethical in this environment. Low cognitive moral development managers also behaved less ethically when their belief in a just world was high.
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Normasari, Pradita Sita Devi, and Bertina Sjabadhyni. "The effect of flexible work arrangements on ethical decision-making." Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v5i2.4279.
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This study aimed to compare the impact of different types of flexible work arrangements (flextime and telecommuting) on ethical decision-making. Ethical decision-making is when individuals use their moral basis to determine what is right and wrong in a given situation. It involves an awareness of moral dilemmas and consideration of the consequences of decisions. Flexible work arrangements are offered to promote individuals’ ethical decision-making by balancing their needs at work and outside work, such as spending time with family. This research was conducted on 185 employees and used a quantitative approach that utilizes experimental methods with a post-test-only design. Employees’ ethical decision-making was measured using two vignettes. Data analysis was conducted using the independent sample t-test parametric statistical technique. The study results indicated a t-value of 4.21 and a significance level of 0.00 (p-value 0.05), which showed that this study's working hypothesis was acceptable. It concluded that there were differences in ethical decision-making between two types of flexible work arrangements: flextime and telecommuting groups.