Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ethical decision making

Academic literature on the topic 'Ethical decision making'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ethical decision making"

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Buhagiar, Teresa M., and Deborah S. Smith. "Ethical Decision Making." Clinical Nurse Specialist 36, no. 2 (March 2022): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nur.0000000000000661.

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Wood, Jacqueline. "Ethical decision making." Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 16, no. 1 (February 2001): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jpan.2001.18202.

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Kirsch, Nancy R. "Ethical Decision Making." Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 25, no. 4 (October 2009): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tgr.0b013e3181bdd6d8.

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Banja, John. "Ethical decision-making." Case Manager 10, no. 5 (September 1999): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1061-9259(99)80060-5.

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WOOD, J. "Ethical decision making." Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 16, no. 1 (February 2001): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1089-9472(01)44082-2.

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DeWolf, Marcia Sue. "Ethical decision-making." Seminars in Oncology Nursing 5, no. 2 (May 1989): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-2081(89)90063-6.

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Yeager, Arthur L. "Ethical decision making." Journal of the American Dental Association 146, no. 8 (August 2015): 568–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2015.06.015.

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Johnson, Jennie, and Tom Coyle. "Toward Understanding Ethical Decision Making." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsds.2010100102.

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This paper proposes a step-wise methodology for the development of a scale measuring intent-to-act ethically, which is a step forward in the ethical decision-making process. To test the robustness of the methodology, data from two different populations gathered from 75 students and 181 professionals were examined to ensure reliability in ethical workplace scenarios. This research is relevant to recent issues like the current economic crisis lead by the sub-prime banking failures. The failures of Enron and Tyco are extreme examples of failure of societal members to act ethically. The construction of scale-measuring items was based on a theory of intent, and issues identified from the human resource management literature related to reasons employees do not report perceived unethical behavior in the workplace. Tested for social desirability bias, the results show that the proposed scale offers an improved reliability for assessing behavioral intent related to ethical decision-making. With these findings, this paper provides a tool for research that relies on a measure of ethical intent as a proxy for ethical behavior.
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Svegliato, Justin, Samer B. Nashed, and Shlomo Zilberstein. "Ethically Compliant Sequential Decision Making." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 13 (May 18, 2021): 11657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i13.17386.

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Enabling autonomous systems to comply with an ethical theory is critical given their accelerating deployment in domains that impact society. While many ethical theories have been studied extensively in moral philosophy, they are still challenging to implement by developers who build autonomous systems. This paper proposes a novel approach for building ethically compliant autonomous systems that optimize completing a task while following an ethical framework. First, we introduce a definition of an ethically compliant autonomous system and its properties. Next, we offer a range of ethical frameworks for divine command theory, prima facie duties, and virtue ethics. Finally, we demonstrate the accuracy and usability of our approach in a set of autonomous driving simulations and a user study of planning and robotics experts.
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Walker, Katey. "Values, Ethics, and Ethical Decision-Making." Adult Learning 5, no. 2 (November 1993): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104515959300500207.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethical decision making"

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Ходцева, Алла Олександрівна, Алла Александровна Ходцева, and Alla Oleksandrivna Khodtseva. "Ethical Decision Making." Thesis, TESOL Ukraine, 2000. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63589.

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Emery, Emmett. "Ethical behavior, Leadership, and Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1887.

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Ethical principles applied in organizations can broaden individual and corporate priorities beyond profit and shareholder enrichment. Ethical factors may influence leaders to make sound decisions to protect the organization from unethical behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine if a correlation exists between the independent variables of leadership and decision making, and the dependent variable of ethical behavior. Drucker's theory of management served as the theoretical framework. Data collection involved 2 survey instruments, the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and the Moral Potency Questionnaire from 98 participants from retail businesses in the southwestern United States. The model as a whole was able to significantly predict ethical behavior (F(2, 95) = 12.79, p < .01), R-² = .21. However, none of the individual predictors was significant. The existence of multicollinearity between the 2-predictor variables offers a plausible explanation for this phenomenon. Therefore, these results should be viewed with caution. Implications for positive social change include examining behaviors and leadership capabilities in individuals, communities, organizations, and institutions. The findings may contribute to social change by providing leaders with information to improve strategies when making decisions involving ethical behavior in the workplace.
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Slowther, Anne-Marie. "Ethical decision-making in primary care." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409770.

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Woodley, Julie S. "Ethical decision making within multidisciplinary teams." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572854.

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To date research exploring the nature of ethical deliberations and decision making by healthcare teams has been largely ignored. However studying inter-professional approaches to ethical dilemmas may be valuable in offering insights into the processes of shared decision making and how such problems are addressed. Aim To investigate whether healthcare professionals working in teams embrace ethical and philosophical principles in their decisions. A secondary aim was to construct a model for ethical education informed by study data. Design A multi-methods approach comprising of a comprehensive review of the literature focus group interviews and a survey. Sample/participants A total of 112 healthcare personnel representing 15 disciplines were recruited from four large teaching hospitals within the Southwest region. Recruitment was through a lead consultant in each team who distributed invitations, participant information sheets (that outlined the study) and consent forms. Data collection Following ethical approval, 14 clinical teams were presented with profession specific vignettes and invited to engage in a facilitated discussion. Each team's interactions and decisions were tape recorded. Individuals also completed a modified version of the Decisional Conflict Scale (O'Connor 1995) to elicit their degree of comfort with decision making processes. Data analysis The transcripts from the 14 focus groups interactions were thematically analysed by employing Boyatzis (1998) model. Numerical data from the Decision Conflict questionnaire (DCQ) were entered into SPSS software for descriptive statistical analysis. Results The survey and the focus group data indicated that practitioners experienced varying degrees of conflict with the decision making process and displayed limited articulation and evidence of ethical principles that could be mapped to existing theories or methods. Participants did however employ strategies and shared expertise to overcome imposed restrictions through compromised solutions. The research identified eight key areas for consideration in the decision making process and these areas were developed to create a model for future ethics education and framing of ethical debate. The concept of restricted beneficence was also identified as being an over arching consideration in this area. The DCQ also highlighted that particular elements of the decision making process caused more concern but it highlighted that the team members opinions were valued and this supported the qualitative findings which identified evidence of a team ethos and value system. Conclusion The teams employed a very pragmatic approach to decision making within an environment that reflected the notion of restricted beneficence. It is suggested that the integration of such strategies ethical education this may result in a more practically relevant approach and enrich the quality of reflective debate in this area.
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Hopkins, Nicole Marie. "Individual Differences in Ethical Decision Making." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5996.

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The aim of this study was to examine individual differences in ethical decision making. To test this, participants’ Locus of Control and Machiavellianism scores were collected along with the frequency to which they sought different media sources for news, their knowledge of unethical and ethical situations that have occurred in New Zealand and Internationally within the last ten years, and individuals’ decision times to ethical dilemmas. Participants were undergraduate and postgraduate students from the University of Canterbury, who ranged in age from 18 to 50. The study found that the frequency to which an individual seeks information from media sources is a good predictor of their decision time when responding to ethical dilemmas, and the amount of knowledge they had of unethical and ethical situations.
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Nelson, Aaron G. "Ethical decision-making for homeland security." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37684.

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The thesis suggests that homeland security personnel lack a uniform method to make sound and defensible ethical decisions. Building on a foundation of classical ethical thought, it is established that ethics are essential to the work of homeland security. Philosophical underpinnings include virtue ethics, deontology, utilitarianism, decision-making practices, and values common to the homeland security enterprise. Real-world case studies were examined in an attempt to understand and demonstrate what can happen if ethics are neglected, considered incompletely or incorrectly, or thoughtfully applied. Case studies include the response to Hurricane Katrina, motivation and thought behind terrorism, and the discussion on torture. Examples of good ethics programs were analyzed, including the Canadian Defense Ethics Program and the Wildfire Fire Leadership Development Program. From this research, a conceptual framework for understanding was developed. The DRIVE framework (Duty, Respect, Integrity, Vision, Ends/Expected outcomes) is proposed to give homeland security personnel the tools necessary to evaluate a situation, make a decision, and review it retrospectively. The framework is easy to remember, flexible to allow for individual differences, yet comprehensive enough to encompass classical ethical thought, common values, and decision-making. The thesis recommends developing an ethics-training program for homeland security, using DRIVE as a foundation.
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Cary, Barbara Lorraine. "Case managers and ethical decision making." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291522.

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In a descriptive study, Lutzen's Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to describe nurse case managers' perception of ethical decision making. Both community-based and hospital-based case managers responded. Research questions addressed (a) relationship between respondent's age and patient autonomy and between length of experience as case manager and benevolence; and (b) difference in conflict in ethical decision-making by level of education and difference in rules in ethical decision-making by type of setting. No significant correlations were found between the respondent age and patient autonomy nor between the respondents' length of experience as case manager and benevolence. There was a statistically significant difference in perception of conflict by educational level. Difference in rules in ethical decision making by type of setting approached statistical significance.
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CHERMAN, ANDREA. "CORPORATE CODE OF ETHICS AND THE ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4274@1.

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O Código de Ética Corporativa, seu modelo e orientação ética, forma de implementação e instrumentos utilizados para suportá-lo, inseridos no programa de gestão ética, influenciam no comportamento ético dos stakeholders internos e, conseqüentemente, na Tomada de Decisão Ética nas atividades diárias da organização. Este estudo avalia se os valores expressos no documento de ética de fato orientam a ação prática, gerando decisões éticas na relação com o consumidor final. A análise dá-se pelo cruzamento de três perspectivas: do gestor de ética sobre o expresso no código e os instrumentos de suporte; a percepção do Código de Ética pela área jurídica, responsável por intermediar o conflito com o consumidor; e a realidade prática extraída dos processos públicos abertos pelos consumidores nos órgãos de defensoria. A análise foi realizada em quatro grandes organizações, de origens e características distintas, todas pertencentes ao Setor de Planos Privados de Assistência à Saúde, o qual historicamente concentra grande número de reclamações dos consumidores, uma vez que está concebido sobre uma base de conflitos de interesses. O estudo revela que as organizações que adotam instrumentos de gestão ética, inseridos em um programa consistente, obtêm suporte ao código de ética e legitimam a incorporação dos valores entre os membros da organização, resultando positivamente na tomada de decisão ética. Aquelas organizações que não adotam instrumentos de gestão ética para suportar o código de ética de modo consistente, não conseguem legitimar a conduta ética e incorporá-la no comportamento dos funcionários, resultando na tomada de decisão não ética.
The Corporate Code of Ethics, its format and ethical orientation, implementation framework and supporting tools included in the ethics management program, have a strong influence in the internal stakeholder ethical behavior, and, consequently, it reflects on the Ethical Decision Making Process in organizational daily activities. This study evaluates whether the values expressed in the ethics document, in fact, conduct the real practice in generating ethical decisions in the relationship organization- consumers. The analysis is done crossing three perspectives: from the ethics manager, the code content, values and supporting tools; from the lawyer advisory, the perception about the code of ethics, as it is the area in charge of mediating the conflicts with consumers; and the practiced reality extracted from the public prosecuting processes opened by consumers. This analysis was carried out in four large companies, with different histories and characteristics, but all pertaining to the same sector. The Sector of Private Health Care System concentrates a large number of consumers complaints, once the sector is built on a conflict of interest basis. This study reveals that the organizations, which adopt ethics supporting tools included in a consistent program, obtain support to the code of ethics and are able to legitimate the values among the organizational members. It results positively on the ethical decision making process. Those organizations that do not adopt supporting tools in a consistent way are not able to legitimate the ethical conduct and do not incorporate it to the employees behavior, generating non-ethical decision- making.
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Burt, Jane Lindsay. "Ethics, virtue and decision-making : an investigation of the ethical decision-making process of accountants in business." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701003.

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Rick, Christian. "Computers as tools for ethical decision making." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-252088.

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ew technology gives rise to new moral problems and dilemmas. We can therefore no longer be sure that our previously collected moral knowledge for dealing with everyday life situations applies to the new situations that arise as a consequence of modern technology. Thus we are forced to seek new answers and to re-examine the foundations of our moral reasoning. To find these new answers we need an autonomous approach to moral problem solving. Education can help increase the moral awareness in computer professionals by training them in disregarding moral fixations and automatic reactions, instead solving the problem using critical thinking and consideration of all values, interests, feelings, duties, needs, and beliefs of all those somehow involved. As a complement to education various support systems can be implemented to help professionals solve moral problems much in the same way as with normal problem solving. Some of these methods are suitable for computerization, creating a moral computer not as a moral authority or a set of guidelines but as an application that guides the user in a process of autonomy, helping the decision maker to make autonomous decisions. Three different approaches to creating a computerized tool for ethical decision- making were prototyped, tested, and evaluated resulting in an indication that such a tool has its merits and can offer benefits over a pen and paper method.
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Books on the topic "Ethical decision making"

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Josephson, Michael S. Making ethical decisions. 3rd ed. Marina del Rey, Calif: Josephson Institute of Ethics, 1995.

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Making ethical decisions. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster, 1987.

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John, Fraedrich, ed. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994.

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Ferrell, O. C. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.

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Ferrell, O. C. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. 9th ed. Australia: Houghton Mifflin Co, 2013.

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Ferrell, O. C. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1991.

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John, Fraedrich, ed. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997.

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Ferrell, O. C. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. 7th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005.

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John, Fraedrich, and Ferrell Linda, eds. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

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John, Fraedrich, and Ferrell Linda, eds. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. 8th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ethical decision making"

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Schlossberger, Eugene. "Ethical Decision-Making." In Ethical Engineering, 21–46. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003242574-3.

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McAuliffe, Donna. "Ethical Decision-making." In Ethics and Value Perspectives in Social Work, 41–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-31357-6_4.

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Dignum, Virginia. "Ethical Decision-Making." In Responsible Artificial Intelligence, 35–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30371-6_3.

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Pettey, Janice Gow. "Ethical Decision Making." In Nonprofit Fundraising Strategy, 245–53. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118631324.ch13.

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Bernstein, Mark, and Vijendra K. Jain. "Ethical Decision-Making." In Neurosurgical Ethics in Practice: Value-based Medicine, 135–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54980-9_12.

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Knapp, Samuel J., and Leon D. VandeCreek. "Ethical decision making." In Practical ethics for psychologists: A positive approach., 39–49. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11331-004.

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Graham, Gordon, and Paul Fuller. "Ethical Decision Making." In Practitioner's Handbook of Risk Management for Water & Wastewater Systems, 169–82. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003229087-10.

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Beirne, Ann, and Jacob A. Sadavoy. "Ethical Decision-Making." In Understanding Ethics in Applied Behavior Analysis, 28–39. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003190707-4.

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Bailey, Jon S., and Mary R. Burch. "Ethical Decision-Making." In Ethics for Behavior Analysts, 51–66. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198550-7.

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Linden, Wolfgang, and Paul L. Hewitt. "Ethical Decision Making." In Clinical Psychology, 59–77. 2nd edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Revised edition of: Clinical psychology. Boston : Prentice Hall, c2012.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351210409-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ethical decision making"

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Davidrajuh, Reggie. "Modeling Ethical Decision-Making." In Tenth International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (uksim 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uksim.2008.11.

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Anak Manggai, Bibiana. "Transformational Leadership And Ethical Decision Making." In AIMC 2018 - Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.05.02.46.

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De Moura, Nelson, Raja Chatila, Katherine Evans, Stephane Chauvier, and Ebru Dogan. "Ethical decision making for autonomous vehicles." In 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304618.

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De Moura, Nelson, Raja Chatila, Katherine Evans, Stephane Chauvier, and Ebru Dogan. "Ethical decision making for autonomous vehicles." In 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304618.

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Reshef, Arie. "ETHICAL REGULATION IN BUSINESS MANAGERS DECISION MAKING." In 50th International Academic Conference, Paris. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.050.029.

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Kang, Sinhwa, Jake Chanenson, Pranav Ghate, Peter Cowal, Madeleine Weaver, and David M. Krum. "Advancing Ethical Decision Making in Virtual Reality." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8798151.

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Loreggia, Andrea, Nicholas Mattei, Francesca Rossi, and K. Brent Venable. "Preferences and Ethical Principles in Decision Making." In AIES '18: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3278721.3278723.

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C. Beachboard, John, and Kregg Aytes. "Information Privacy: Legal and Ethical Decision-making." In InSITE 2012: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/1636.

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Pittman, Daniel, Kerstin Haring, and Chris Gauthierdickey. "Leveraging Multi-User Dungeons for Ethical AI Decision Support Systems: A Novel Approach." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004180.

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This paper proposes the innovative use of Multi-User Dungeons (MUDs) as a testbed for exploring and refining Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics in decision support systems. MUDs are interactive, text-based virtual environments and offer a unique platform for studying AI behavior in a controlled yet complex environment. Our approach involves a combination of machine learning and natural language processing techniques to implement AI as a decision support system, and designs scenarios that challenge players with ethical quandaries and dilemmas. The effectiveness and ethical decision-making of players, the AI, and both together as a team are evaluated through a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. The approaches detailed in this research aim to contribute to the broader discourse on AI ethics, stimulate a discussion on how to provide empirical evidence of AI decision-making's impact on human behavior in MUDs, and informing the design of ethically responsible AI systems in other domains.
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M. Ramim, Michelle. "An Examination of Factors Associated with Students’ Ethical Decision Making in Post-Secondary Online Learning." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3081.

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Technological advances and the increasing popularity of the Internet have enabled post-secondary institutions to implement e-learning technologies as a teaching environment. Students’ enrollment in e-learning courses has proliferated over the past decade. However, ethical issues with students’ conduct in e-learning courses have been raised by several scholars and were noted as a major concern. Moreover, scholars argue that students’ unethical conduct has intensified due to technology use. Ethical decision making has been associated with individuals’ conduct. Ethical decision making is grounded upon decision making theory. Various studies have linked numerous factors such as familiarity with the organization’s code of conduct, academic experience, and expertise with the use of technology with ethical decision making. Research indicates that familiarity with the organization’s code of conduct is instrumental in aiding individuals to make ethical decisions. Moreover, research suggests that academic experience and students’ expertise with the use of technology appear to contribute to students’ ethical decision making in post-secondary educational institutions.
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Reports on the topic "Ethical decision making"

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Bae, Sun Yun, and Ruah-Nah (Terry) Yan. Comparison between Second-Hand Apparel Shoppers versus Non-Shoppers: The Role of Psychographics and Ethical Decision Making. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-479.

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Bogner, Alexander, ed. Bioethical Controversies and Policy Advice: The Production of Ethical Expertise and its Role in the Substantiation of Political Decision-Making. Vienna: self, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ita-pa-ab-05-01.

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Connors, Caitlin, Laura Malan, Murel Esposito, Claire Madden, Nefeli Trikka, Mel Cohen, Faun Rothery, et al. UK Public’s Interests, Needs and Concerns Around Food. Food Standards Agency, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ihw534.

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This qualitative and quantitative research explored UK consumer views and priorities in relation to our responsibilities around food hygiene and safety, but also around wider interests the public see critical in shaping their food choices and lives including: health and nutrition environment and ethics price quality and convenience consumer versus business power potential food futures The top priorities for consumers, and where they would like action taken on their behalf, are around ensuring: hygiene and safety standards are maintained or strengthened equitable access to safe, healthy, affordable food easy informed decision making trustworthy food information In the context of the UK, they would like to ensure farmers and UK agriculture are protected and that locally produced food is accessible. In the wider context of the system, consumers would like action on animal welfare and waste (food and packaging), and in the long term a steer towards fair, ethical and sustainable food systems.
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Bailey, Rhetta R. Operational Ethics in Decision Making: A Commander's Challenge. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada325027.

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Carrera-Marquis, Daniela. Banking on Global Sustainability: A Sustainable Downscaling Strategy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008448.

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Adequate financial markets are fundamental to sustainable development. Accurate capital allocation requires return on investment incorporates the social and environmental variables impacting, negatively or positively, such investment. Values-based capital allocation relies on sound corporate governance structures guiding the decision-making process towards sustainability objectives, not shortterm returns. One where the use of natural capital preserves the stock of capital, assuring that all generations live-off the income-flow. Concurrently financial markets, especially in emerging markets, should further engage in growth and redistribution models to create wealth for and inclusion of SMEs. Long-term financial sustainability is then aligned with environmental sustainability and social inclusion. Enhancing the potential of formal and informal SMEs requires strengthening credit channels. With the implementation of downscaling strategies, financial institutions (FIs) contribute to address existing levels of inequality while supporting the sustainable development path. At the same time FIs have the opportunity to impact the public policy dialogue regarding SMEs formalization. Formalized SMEs are in a better position to grow, to have higher labor and capital demand and productivity. For FIs this implies a market expansion. For society, higher productivity and more equitable growth contribute to a better income distribution and closing the inequality gap. Redefining the financial sector¿s role is relevant for all stakeholders. Is not a choice, is the ethical response. FIs have to acknowledge their impact on society and the environment carries greatresponsibility and that their legitimacy as agents of social change, depends on the realization that their role goes beyond the traditional financial intermediation.
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6

Papadopoulos, Yannis. Ethics Lost: The severance of the entrenched relationship between ethics and economics by contemporary neoclassical mainstream economics. Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp1en.

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In this paper we examine the evolution of the relation between ethics and economics. Mainly after the financial crisis of 2008, many economists, scholars, and students felt the need to find answers that were not given by the dominant school of thought in economics. Some of these answers have been provided, since the birth of economics as an independent field, from ethics and moral philosophy. Nevertheless, since the mathematisation of economics and the departure from the field of political economy, which once held together economics, philosophy, history and political science, ethics and moral philosophy have lost their role in the economics’ discussions. Three are the main theories of morality: utilitarianism, rule-based ethics and virtue ethics. The neoclassical economic model has indeed chosen one of the three to justify itself, yet it has forgotten —deliberately or not— to involve the other two. Utilitarianism has been translated to a cost benefit analysis that fits the “homo economicus” and selfish portrait of humankind and while contemporary capitalism recognizes Adam Smith as its father it does not seem to recognize or remember not only the rest of the Scottish Enlightenment’s great minds, but also Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments. In conclusion, if ethics is to play a role in the formation of a postcapitalist economic theory and help it escape the hopeless quest for a Wertfreiheit, then the one-dimensional selection and interpretation of ethics and morality by economists cannot lead to justified conclusions about the decision-making process.
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Vakaliuk, Tetiana, Valerii Kontsedailo, Dmytro Antoniuk, Olha Korotun, Serhiy Semerikov, and Iryna Mintii. Using Game Dev Tycoon to Create Professional Soft Competencies for Future Engineers-Programmers. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4129.

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The article presents the possibilities of using game simulator Game Dev Tycoon to develop professional soft competencies for future engineer programmers in higher education. The choice of the term “gaming simulator” is substantiated, a generalization of this concept is given. The definition of such concepts as “game simulation” and “professional soft competencies” are given. Describes how in the process of passing game simulations students develop the professional soft competencies. Professional soft competencies include: the ability to work in a team; ability to cooperate; ability to problem-solving; ability to communicative; ability to decision-making; ability to orientation to the result; ability to support of interpersonal relations; ability to use of rules and procedures; ability to reporting; ability to attention to detail; ability to customer service; ability to sustainability; ability to the manifestation of professional honesty and ethics; ability to planning and prioritization; ability to adaptation; ability to initiative; ability to Innovation; ability to external and organizational awareness.
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8

Castro, Claudio de Moura. Proyecto Joven: New Solutions and Some Surprises. Inter-American Development Bank, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008793.

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This paper describes Proyecto Joven, a project to train unemployed youth in Argentina and discusses several critical issues facing it. It should not be considered as an authoritative view on this project funded by the Inter-American Development Bank but rather as an attempt to elicit a dialogue with those who know the project better or who are familiar with the theme. Proyecto Joven is an attempt to increase employability and productivity targeting activities to youth aged 16 to 29 in the lower socioeconomic levels. By training unemployed youth and by making them more productive and teaching them the appropriate work ethic and attitudes, the program attempts to improve their chances of getting a job. The report presents a discussion of the program, its socioeconomic environment and an initial examination of critical issues which deserve attention, particularly in light of the government's decision to request a new loan to continue implementing the project.
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Buesseler, Buessele, Daniele Bianchi, Fei Chai, Jay T. Cullen, Margaret Estapa, Nicholas Hawco, Seth John, et al. Paths forward for exploring ocean iron fertilization. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/67120.

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We need a new way of talking about global warming. UN Secretary General António Guterres underscored this when he said the “era of global boiling” has arrived. Although we have made remarkable progress on a very complex problem over the past thirty years, we have a long way to go before we can keep the global temperature increase to below 2°C relative to the pre-industrial times. Climate models suggest that this next decade is critical if we are to avert the worst consequences of climate change. The world must continue to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and find ways to adapt and build resilience among vulnerable communities. At the same time, we need to find new ways to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in order to chart a “net negative” emissions pathway. Given their large capacity for carbon storage, the oceans must be included in consideration of our multiple carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options. This report focused on ocean iron fertilization (OIF) for marine CDR. This is by no means a new scientific endeavor. Several members of ExOIS (Exploring Ocean Iron Solutions) have been studying this issue for decades, but the emergence of runaway climate impacts has motivated this group to consider a responsible path forward for marine CDR. That path needs to ensure that future choices are based upon the best science and social considerations required to reduce human suffering and counter economic and ecological losses, while limiting and even reversing the negative impacts that climate change is already having on the ocean and the rest of the planet. Prior studies have confirmed that the addition of small amounts of iron in some parts of the ocean is effective at stimulating phytoplankton growth. Through enhanced photosynthesis, carbon dioxide can not only be removed from the atmosphere but a fraction can also be transferred to durable storage in the deep sea. However, prior studies were not designed to quantify how effective this storage can be, or how wise OIF might be as a marine CDR approach. ExOIS is a consortium that was created in 2022 to consider what OIF studies are needed to answer critical questions about the potential efficiency and ecological impacts of marine CDR (http://oceaniron.org). Owing to concerns surrounding the ethics of marine CDR, ExOIS is organized around a responsible code of conduct that prioritizes activities for the collective benefit of our planet with an emphasis on open and transparent studies that include public engagement. Our goal is to establish open-source conventions for implementing OIF for marine CDR that can be assessed with appropriate monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols, going beyond just carbon accounting, to assess ecological and other non-carbon environmental effects (eMRV). As urgent as this is, it will still take 5 to 10 years of intensive work and considerable resources to accomplish this goal. We present here a “Paths Forward’’ report that stems from a week-long workshop held at the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in May 2023 that was attended by international experts spanning atmospheric, oceanographic, and social sciences as well as legal specialists (see inside back cover). At the workshop, we reviewed prior OIF studies, distilled the lessons learned, and proposed several paths forward over the next decade to lay the foundation for evaluating OIF for marine CDR. Our discussion very quickly resulted in a recommendation for the need to establish multiple “Ocean Iron Observatories’’ where, through observations and modeling, we would be able to assess with a high degree of certainty both the durable removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide—which we term the “centennial tonne”—and the ecological response of the ocean. In a five-year phase I period, we prioritize five major research activities: 1. Next generation field studies: Studies of long-term (durable) carbon storage will need to be longer (year or more) and larger (>10,000 km2) than past experiments, organized around existing tools and models, but with greater reliance on autonomous platforms. While prior studies suggested that ocean systems return to ambient conditions once iron infusion is stopped, this needs to be verified. We suggest that these next field experiments take place in the NE Pacific to assess the processes controlling carbon removal efficiencies, as well as the intended and unintended ecological and geochemical consequences. 2. Regional, global and field study modeling Incorporation of new observations and model intercomparisons are essential to accurately represent how iron cycling processes regulate OIF effects on marine ecosystems and carbon sequestration, to support experimental planning for large-scale MRV, and to guide decision making on marine CDR choices. 3. New forms of iron and delivery mechanisms Rigorous testing and comparison of new forms of iron and their potential delivery mechanisms is needed to optimize phytoplankton growth while minimizing the financial and carbon costs of OIF. Efficiency gains are expected to generate responses closer to those of natural OIF events. 4. Monitoring, reporting, and verification: Advances in observational technologies and platforms are needed to support the development, validation, and maintenance of models required for MRV of large-scale OIF deployment. In addition to tracking carbon storage and efficiency, prioritizing eMRV will be key to developing regulated carbon markets. 5. Governance and stakeholder engagement: Attention to social dimensions, governance, and stakeholder perceptions will be essential from the start, with particular emphasis on expanding the diversity of groups engaged in marine CDR across the globe. This feedback will be a critical component underlying future decisions about whether to proceed, or not, with OIF for marine CDR. Paramount in the plan is the need to move carefully. Our goal is to conduct these five activities in parallel to inform decisions steering the establishment of ocean iron observatories at multiple locations in phase II. When completed, this decadal plan will provide a rich knowledge base to guide decisions about if, when, where, and under what conditions OIF might be responsibly implemented for marine CDR. The consensus of our workshop and this report is that now is the time for actionable studies to begin. Quite simply, we suggest that some form of marine CDR will be essential to slow down and reverse the most severe consequences of our disrupted climate. OIF has the potential to be one of these climate mitigation strategies. We have the opportunity and obligation to invest in the knowledge necessary to ensure that we can make scientifically and ethically sound decisions for the future of our planet.
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Breve 16: Ethics of Health Resource Allocation in the Brazilian Publicly Financed Health Care System. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008042.

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This Breve is based on the original thesis work and on a webinar presented by Dr. Fábio Ferride-Barros regarding the "Ethics of Health Resources Allocation in the Publicly Financed Health Care System in Brazil." The perspective offered in this Breve complements a previously published issue documenting the use of health technology evaluation in decision-making in Brazil's health sector (IDB, 2015). The Breve introduces the challenges of priority setting in the context of a large and decentralized national universal health care system, which confronts resource scarcity and substantial inequalities.
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