Dissertations / Theses: 'Ethical behaviour'

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Headleand, Christopher J. "Simulating ethical behaviour in virtual characters." Thesis, Bangor University, 2016. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/simulating-ethical-behaviour-in-virtual-characters(03c1d718-bfe8-47aa-9b3d-f37100682fc0).html.

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The goal of virtual human simulation is to produce behaviour which is visually indistinguishable from reality. However, while various aspects of human behaviour have been extensively explored, there has been little research into behaviour motivated by moral objectives. Virtual characters are often simulated in charged environments, where rational behaviour is greatly challenged and in reality moral judgement plays a significant role. This thesis explores and presents novel solutions to the problem of simulating ethical behaviour. The research is presented in three stages. In the first, a reactive approach to the simulation of ethics inspired by Braitenberg’s Vehicles is described. This is achieved by iteratively augmenting a Type 3 Vehicle with new sensorimotor connections to produce further emergent results. The approach was capable of producing behaviour which was consistent with various normative specifications. Although successful, the Braitenberg Vehicle approach yields behaviour which is visually robotic. This is explored in the second stage of the research where a novel method for modelling affective behaviour is presented. In the third stage, a new architecture for the simulation and modelling of ethical behaviour called Trilogy is presented. This approach, inspired by classical and contemporary tripatriate theories of thought, serves as a computational substrate to bring together the ethical and affective simulation methods previously developed in stages one and two. Two experiments are conducted to evaluate the architecture where participants observed videos of simulated behaviour. The first experiment tests the hypothesis that the inclusion of affective states make an agent’s ethical behaviour more believable, and this was demonstrated to be the case. The second experiment compares the behaviour of the ethical agents against agents which are not ethically motivated. The results of both experiments demonstrate that the approach is capable of producing visually ethical behaviour beyond chance accuracy.

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Naude, Ingrid. "Factors impacting on ethical behaviour in organisations." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06202005-115533.

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Al-Sharifi, Ibrahim. "Ethical behaviour and ethical codes : analysis and illustrations of public service values and dilemmas." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269666.

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Smith, N. Craig. "Ethical purchase behaviour and social responsibility in business." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3390.

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This thesis is about the decisions made in markets: whether decisions and what decisions are made by consumers. It isa study in consumer sovereignty and particularly In the way this may be used In ensuring social responsibility In business. Pressure group influence on purchase behaviour, particularly in the use or threat of consumer boycotts, suggests an extension of consumer sovereignty beyond its mere technical meaning within economics to a more literal meaning. Consumer authority in the marketplace may not simply refer to the more immediate characteristics of the offering such as product features or price but, as boycotts show, other charac- teristics such as whether the firm has investments in South Africa. Consumer boycotts are but the most manifest and organised form of purchase behaviour influenced by ethical concerns. Yet ethical purchase behaviour, although found in many markets, is largely unre- cognised In the literature. The novelty of this topic and the perspective on consumer sovereignty entailed an emphasis on conceptualisation in the research. The nature of capitalism and consumer sovereignty, the ideology of marketing, the problem of the social control of business, and pressure groups in the political process and their strategies and tactics, are explored to develop an argument which supports the notion of ethical purchase behaviour. A model is proposed identifying a role for pressure groups In the marketing system, explaining ethical purchase behaviour at the micro level by recognising negative product augmentation. Survey research and case studies support the model and the argument. Guidelines for action are proposed for pressure groups and business, suggesting both seek to influence a legitimacy element in the marketing mix. At a more conceptual level, consumer sovereignty is shown to offer potential for ensuring social responsibility in busi - ness. Of the three mechanisms for social control of business, the market may be used to greater effect through ethical purchase beha- vi our. However, consumer sovereignty requires choice as well as information. Pressure groups may act as a countervailing power by providing the necessary information, but competition is essential for choice. Consumer sovereignty Is the rationale for capitalism, the political- economic system in the West. This study questions the basis of such a system if political or ethical, as well as economic decisions, are not made by consumers in markets. Hence the argument for ethical purchase behaviour becomes an argument for capitalism.

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Minkova, Iliana, and Lozano Ana Isabel Castellanos. "The Ethical Colour : Exploring the intention-behaviour (I-B) gap among Generation Y women with relation to ethical makeup." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43961.

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Background: Makeup has become the fastest‐growing beauty category in the last years, partly due to the effects of the digitalisation, and the growing importance conferred upon the digital image. Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the business practices behind the goods they buy, and the impact of their purchases on the environment, and the human and animal welfare. However, not always ethical intentions are translated into purchases. This gap between the intention and the actual behaviour, also known as “I-B gap”, has been researched within the sectors of food or clothing; however, it remains unexplored in the case of makeup. Purpose: This thesis aims to explore the main reasons leading to the I-B gap in reference to ethical makeup. Method: An exploratory qualitative study based on 14 semi-structured interviews was conducted among European millennial females. Conclusions: The yawning gap existing between intention and behaviour towards ethical makeup is shown in this paper, as well as the factors that explain it. Despite the positive overall attitude and intention of the sample towards such products, the general lack of awareness associated with the ethical makeup is evidenced. Furthermore, the store environment, ranging from the products display and visibility, to the customer service, and the samples’ trial availability, exert a major influence on purchase. In addition, the brand or product attachment may play a crucial role in the final purchase decision. More specifically, this research reveals that consumers appeared to remain loyal towards makeup products that they are already satisfied and familiar with. These aspects seem to represent a challenge to overcome by ethical makeup companies, since above the ethical credentials, customers value other aspects such as the effectiveness, the suitability of the product with the skin type, the quality-price balance, the availability or the variety.

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Åkerlund, Britt Mari. "Dementia care in an ethical perspective : an exploratory study of caregivers' experiences of ethical conflicts when feeding severely demented patients." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Geriatrik, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101294.

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The aim of this study was to explore how caregivers caring for severely demented patients experience ethical conflict situations. Feeding patients in a late state of dementia was chosen as focus. Special attention was paid to analyses of the caregivers' experiences with regard to their feelings, use of force, interpretations of the patients' behaviour and their ethical reasoning. The study was carried out in five separate parts, presented as five papers. A phenomenological - hermeneutic approach was consistent. Personal interviews, a projective defence mechanism test, the Meta Contrast Technique and an analysis of patient/caregiver behaviour as shown in video taped feeding sessions were the methods used. Study participants were forty-one caregivers in psychogeriatric care, registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and nurses' assistants. The result indicated that, when facing ethical decisions the caregivers were caught in a double bind conflict due to the contradicting ethical demands "Keep the patient alive!" and "Don't cause the patient suffering!". The difficulty to interpret what the patients experienced and the impossibility to know for sure what actions would be right or wrong were sources of anxiety. They defined force feeding individually, yet a pattern was found. Some caregivers defined force feeding according to the amount of persuasiveness or violence they had to perform. Some regarded force feeding from a patient wish perspective. A majority combined the two dimensions. The caregivers' ethical reasoning showed that their decision making was to be regarded as a process grounded on ethical rules. Interdependence in the relation caregiver/patient made them develop their reasoning in a direction of existential reasoning.

S. 1-38: sammanfattning, s. 39-113: 5 uppsatser

digitalisering@umu

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Mulkhan, Unang. "Exploring ethical issues in the Indonesian mining industry." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25929.

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The aim of this research study is to explore what ethical issues emerge in the Indonesian mining industry? What shapes the emergence of these issues and how do organisations engage with them? Many research studies (e.g. Dierksmeier, 2013; Bowie, 2002; Cragg, 2002; and Moberg, 1997) emphasise the relevance of ethical theories in understanding ethical issues in business organisations. However, there remains a significant gap in the business ethics literature in understanding ethical issues in a context-sensitive manner. There is little awareness in most of these studies of the influence of the social structure of a multi-ethnic and multicultural society like Indonesia or of the specific industrial and organisational contexts which are being explored. There is therefore a challenge for researchers to provide a conceptual framework to study ethical issues which will fit the Indonesian mining companies’ situation. This research employed Critical Realism (CR) and a qualitative approach. Data was collected from forty-eight participant interviews with managers and employees of four mining companies in Indonesia. This made it possible to understand what ethical issues emerge in the mining industry and to examine what shapes their emergence, as well as how mining companies engage with the ethical issues. The findings revealed that the companies’ ethical concerns result from the particular characteristics of the industry and the Indonesian national culture. However, their ethical concerns typically reside in risk management and regulatory compliance. The findings showed that cultural mechanisms shape the emergence of ethical issues in the industry: family perspective and paternalism, religiosity, and multi-ethnicity. The study findings suggest that the mechanisms shaping the emergence of ethical issues at the organisations presented at times conflicting cases of instrumental or possibly unethical behaviour but also evidence of set rules and regulations as well as moral awareness, practices aimed at considering others and stakeholders’ interests. This research argues that to understand the ethical issues and how business organisations engage with them in a multi-ethnic and multicultural context, it is essential to ground the conceptual framework in both ethical theories and specific cultural sensitivities, as only then can the full story be grasped.

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Du, Toit Danielle. "The development of an ethical integrity test." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98098.

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Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015
ENGLISH ABSTRACT : This study investigated the growing phenomenon of counterproductive work behaviour, and how personality and integrity affects this. It was deemed important to establish what contributes to counterproductive work behaviour. The aim of this study was to develop a new ethical integrity test and to investigate existing relationships between constructs that play a significant role in behavioural integrity. These constructs include honesty, conscientiousness, and counterproductive work behaviour. This study was therefore undertaken to develop an ethical integrity test and to determine the initial construct validity of the new test. Based on existing literature, a theoretical model depicting how the different constructs are related to one another was developed and various hypotheses were formulated. Data for the purpose of the quantitative study were collected by means of an electronic web-based questionnaire. A total of 318 completed questionnaires were returned. The final questionnaire comprised the newly developed ethical integrity test, HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R), and the Interpersonal and Organisational Deviance Scale. The postulated relationships and the conceptual model were empirically tested using various statistical methods. Reliability analysis was done on all the measurement scales and satisfactory reliability was found. The content and structure of the measured constructs were investigated by means of confirmatory factor analyses. The content and structure of the newly developed Ethical Integrity Test was also investigated by means of exploratory factor analysis. The results indicated that reasonable good fit was achieved for all the refined measurement models. Subsequently, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to determine the extent to which the conceptual model fitted the data obtained from the sample and to test the hypothesised relationships between the constructs. The results indicated positive relationships between honesty and ethical integrity; conscientiousness and ethical integrity; and conscientiousness and honesty. Furthermore, the results indicated negative relationships between ethical integrity and counterproductive work behaviour; as well as honesty and counterproductive work behaviour. The present study contributes to existing literature on counterproductive work behaviour by providing insights into the relationships between honesty, conscientiousness, ethical integrity. This study developed an Ethical Integrity Test based on recent ethics literature. Preliminary evidence of reliability and construct validity for the Ethical Integrity Test was found. The limitations and recommendations present additional insights and possibilities that could be explored through future research studies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Hierdie studie ondersoek die groeiende verskynsel van teenproduktiewe gedrag in die werksomgewing en hoe persoonlikheid en integriteit dit beïnvloed. Dit was dus belangrik om vas te stel wat tot teenproduktiewe werksgedrag bydra. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n etiese integriteitstoets te ontwikkel en bestaande verwantskappe tussen konstrukte wat 'n beduidende rol in teenproduktiewe werksgedrag speel, te ondersoek. Hierdie konstrukte sluit eerlikheid, konsensieusheid en integriteit in. Hierdie studie is dus uitgevoer om meer duidelikheid oor hierdie aspekte te verkry, sowel as om ‘n etiese integriteitstoets te ontwikkel. ‘n Teoretiese model wat voorstel hoe die verskillende konstrukte aan mekaar verwant is, is op grond van die navorsing oor die bestaande literatuur ontwikkel. Verskeie hipoteses is hiervolgens geformuleer. Data vir die doel van die kwantitatiewe studie is deur middel van ‘n elektroniese web-gebaseerde vraelys ingesamel. ‘n Totaal van 318 voltooide vraelyste is terug ontvang. Die finale vraelys is uit drie subvraelyste saamgestel, naamlik die nuut ontwikkelde etiese integriteitstoets, HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R), en die Interpersonal and Organisational Deviance Scale. Die gepostuleerde verwantskappe en die konseptuele model is empiries met behulp van verskeie statistiese metodes getoets. Betroubaarheidsanalise is op die betrokke meetinstrumente uitgevoer en voldoende betroubaarheid is gevind. Die inhoud en die struktuur van die konstrukte wat deur die instrumente gemeet is, is verder deur middel van verkennende en bevestigende faktorontledings ondersoek. Die resultate het redelike goeie passings vir al die hersiene metingsmodelle getoon. Daarna is struktuurvergelykingsmodellering (SVM), gebruik om te bepaal tot watter mate die konseptuele model die data pas, en om die verwantskappe tussen die verskillende konstrukte te toets. Die resultate het positiewe verwantskappe tussen eerlikheid en etiese integriteit; konsensieusheid en etiese integriteit; asook konsensieusheid en eerlikheid getoon. Die resultate het verder negatiewe verwantskappe tussen etiese integriteit en teenproduktiewe werksgedrag; asook eerlikheid en teenproduktiewe werksgedrag getoon. Hierdie studie dra by tot die bestaande literatuur betreffende teenproduktiewe werksgedrag, deurdat dit insig bied in die aard van die verwantskappe tussen die konstrukte. ‘n Etiese Integriteit Toets is ontwikkel gebasseer op onlangse etiek literatuur. Voorlopige bewyse van betroubaarheid en konstruk geldigheid is bewys in hierdie studie. Die beperkings en aanbevelings van die studie dui op verdere insigte en moontlikhede wat in toekomstige navorsing ondersoek kan word.

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Catania, Gottfried. "Financial advisors' perceptions of ethical and effective attitudes and behaviour in their profession." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33337.

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Unethical behaviour is a concern in the workplace, because of the possible consequences for all stakeholders. This issue is particularly salient in the financial services sector, a highly regulated environment, where breaches of the regulations can result in large fines and reputational damage to the organisation concerned. Unethical behaviour can also have severe effects on customers, such as when inappropriate advice leads to customers losing all or a large part of their savings. Empirical studies have tended to focus mostly on organisational antecedents of unethical intentions and behaviour, with individual factors not being given that much attention. Research on the antecedents of unethical intentions and behaviour has produced inconsistent findings, suggesting that context might play a role. Consequently, my research has attempted to study the individual antecedents of unethical intentions and behaviour in the financial services industry, a specific context where it is salient. Malta presents a particularly pertinent context for this study, as its profile on Hofstede's cultural dimensions scale has been empirically linked to a higher potential for engaging in unethical behaviour.

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Svensson, Karolina, and Nathalie Myhre. "Insights about the Swedish ethical consumer : a study on consumer behavoiur towards fairtrade coffee." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9690.

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Fairtrade is one way to reach sustainable development in emerging countries, for example South America and Africa. Lately, Fairtrade has become highlighted and popular. This has led to studies on consumers’ view on Fairtrade, for instance in Belgium and America. Among the previous studies, the ethical consumer has been identified. At the moment, there is no research done in Sweden on who the Swedish Ethical Consumer is, regarding purchases of Fairtrade coffee. Therefore, with this thesis we want to fill the research gap on identifying the Swedish Ethical Consumer and which factors that influence him or her in the purchase decision. The study was performed on Swedish coffee consumers on Facebook. Different factors such as consumer related, environmental related, and product related, are measured to see if there is any relationship between these factors and how they influence the Swedish Ethical Consumer. With help from a snowball sampling technique and a self-administrated survey, 111 answers were collected. From that, we could identify the Swedish Ethical Consumer, given this sample. The result showed that product and demographics seemed to be the most affecting factors on ethical consumer behaviour. For this sample, brand (taste) of the product was by far the most popular product related factor to consider when buying coffee. From the environmental factors, the demographics were of greatest matter. Attitudes and knowledge were the most important consumer related factors. It seems like a majority of the respondents who think that Fairtrade is important (attitudes) also do buy Fairtrade coffee. Also, the respondents who possess much information (knowledge) about it tend to buy it. This study contributes to fill the gap in the lack of studies of Swedish Ethical Consumer behaviour. The conclusions can be used as a guideline and tool for companies to brand a new product. It could also be helpful for organisations to provide more information about Fairtrade to the consumers.

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Beckius, Göran. "Företagsetik : En studie av etiskt organiserande i några svenska företag." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-986.

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Although research in business ethics has of late received increased attention from researchers and practitioners, little has been written on the practical effects of its implementation.

The aim of the present study is, therefore, to explore the meaning and implications of business ethics from a practical perspective. To these ends, a qualitative study, mainly based on a grounded theory approach, has been carried out. The target of analysis is a corpus material derived from informants from 9 companies ranging from different sectors: 2 from the manufacturing sector, 1 company from the pharmaceutical sector and 6 companies from the financial sector.

The results show that almost all the companies under consideration have set up some ethical structures for implementing their ethical practices, and lived up to the embraced ethical values in their business conduct. The results also indicate that the companies have actually responded favorably to the requirements and demands of various stakeholders.

Furthermore, the emerging structures constitute the basis of a fully operative concept for organizing and implementing an ethical business conduct in organizations. This concept mainly consists of the following categories: ethics, rules, institutionalization, observing and abiding. These can all be applied separately or as a whole and as such be an instrument for measuring an organizations ethical level.

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Yaacob, Mashitoh. "The Influence of Contextual Aspects on New Zealand Muslim Males' Environmentally Ethical Behaviour." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2556.

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This study's aim was to investigate the strength of contextual aspects' influences on environmentally ethical behaviour (EEB). A survey method with a selfadministered questionnaire was used and a cross-section of the Muslim male population of New Zealand was taken. The qualitative interviews and email questionnaires were also utilised to further explain the survey results. The linear regression analyses show correlations between contextual aspects (i.e., social, religious, economic, political, and demographic) and EEB (pre-cycling, re-use and recycling). Results indicate that the contextual aspects are influential on EEB in many ways and degrees. A model describing the relationship was developed. The economic aspect statistically significantly related to EEB the strongest. The qualitative interview and email questionnaire data support the findings of the survey. The relationship was positive, meaning that the more the consumers were influenced by the economic aspect to behave in an environmentally ethical way, the more they were likely to perform EEB. Compared to the economic aspect, white collar workers, number of household occupant, work involvement with the environment, type of house, and age had a weaker statistically significant relationship with EEB. The relationships were positive, meaning that the better the consumers' occupation (i.e., white collar workers), the more household member they had (i.e., 4 and above), the higher their level of work involvement with the environment, and the better their dwelling (i.e., bungalow or semi-detached houses), the more they were likely to perform EEB. However, the relationship between age and EEB was negative, meaning that the younger the consumers the more they were likely to perform EEB. However, the results of this study, from both the survey and the interview methods, indicate that demographic characteristics were not as important as the contextual aspects, particularly the economic aspect, in understanding consumers' EEB. This study shows that the economic aspect was very important in understanding consumers' EEB compared to the other contextual aspects even the political aspect was statistically significantly related to EEB via the economic aspect. Thus, the economic aspect should be used optimally by public and private sector managers to promote EEB.

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De, Beer Frank. "Human resource managers as custodians of the King III / Frank de Beer." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10164.

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The objective of this research was to perform an explorative study to identify the position of Human Resources (HR) departments in companies in South Africa as custodians of the King III code; their knowledge and understanding of the King III code; and their role within corporate governance. The HR department has the responsibility to manage corporate governance by using the King III code as guideline. The main research questions were: Does HR management know, understand, apply and have the ability to use the King III code in terms of ethical decision making and what role does the HR department play within corporate governance? A random sample of available HR managers, senior HR consultants and HR directors was taken and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results indicated that the respondents did not know, understand or use the King III code.
MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

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Cefai, Michael J. "The possibilities of ethical behaviour in organisations : a study of managerial selves." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14117/.

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This thesis is a study of managerial selves and their possibilities for ethical behaviour within organisations. It explores the risks to managerial ethical behaviour and also the possibilities for doing ethics within organisations. The research investigates managers' ethical reflexivity in their managerial roles and the nature of the ethic they deploy in their daily managerial responsibilities. It also investigates the value they attach to their personal ethical dimension as individuals and the origins of their ethical values or principles. The research adopts an interdisciplinary approach, with a broad range of literature pertaining to issues of managerial ethical and moral behaviour. A review of the literature revealed two significant gaps, which are addressed by this research. First, the need for more empirical research, which specifically focuses on individual managers within organisations rather than on organisations themselves; and secondly, the need to research and to understand the individual's "self' and its ethical dimension - the "ethical self' - as arguably a determining factor for guiding and upholding an individual's ethical stance within organisations. The research is underpinned by a subjectivist ontology, an interpretative epistemology, and a qualitative methodology. This methodology is based on a notion of reciprocity, which implies a "give and take" negotiation between participants and researcher for the generation of rich data. The research is exploratory and inductive with data gathered from two separate sets of semi-structured interviews with executive managers from across a variety of organisations. All the data provide a deeper understanding into the ways managers construct their "ethical selves" and provide an insight into their ethical reflection at their place of work. The data identify as well some of the values and principles managers resort to when seeking to resolve the complexities of their managerial ethical dilemmas. This research has resulted in a range of contributions, which primarily highlights the ethical awareness and sensitivity of managers in executing their daily responsibilities. The thesis provides evidence that ethics is an important dimension of a manager's job and that ethics ultimately emanates from an individual's "self' to reach out in response to a call from an "other". The research also shows the constant danger that managerial ethical behaviour faces by an organization's functional rationality, while on the other hand it also illustrates the possibilities of managers to do ethics. This research contributes to knowledge by providing conceptual and empirical insights into the notion of ethics, as the reflexivity of the "ethical self', and finds expression in the "practical wisdom" of the "good" manager, as a principled yet pragmatic individual, ever mindful not to forfeit ethical responsibility.

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James, Alana. "Influencing ethical fashion consumer behaviour : a study of UK high street retailers." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/29612/.

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This thesis explores the process of ethical fashion purchasing through a qualitative research approach, to find insights to improve the provision and purchasing of socially responsible fashion on the UK high street. This was achieved through the investigation of both the consumers that purchase womens wear at a mid market level, but also the retailers who provide the merchandise. The relationship between these two parties was explored, with the communication methods also being investigated. Furthermore, the influence the communication of retailer Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) messages had on the final purchasing behaviour was also a key research area. This distinctive two-sided perspective was utilised to contribute to the creation of new knowledge in the area of ethical fashion purchasing behaviour, and consequently provide new perceptions of how positive, social changes can occur in the fashion industry. Much of the previous ethical fashion purchasing research has been criticized for several reasons including methodological weaknesses, survey instruments potentially overstating the importance of ethical issues, as well as participants having little to no incentive to answer truthfully (Auger and Devinney, 2007). As a result, researchers in this field have suggested that broader, more rigorous data collection tools need to be developed in order to advance this area of research (Dickson, 2011). With this in mind, a mixed method or bricolage approach (Kincheloe and Berry, 2004) was used to not only overcome the methodological issues identified, but to also address the knowledge gaps in a creative and innovative way (Bremner and Yee, 2011). As a consequence of using this approach, the interplay of data collection and analysis has resulted in an iterative process throughout the research undertaken. This iterative nature facilitated a five-stage data collection process, which included an ethnographic style case study with a major high street retailer, a consumer focus group and additional retailer, semistructured interviews. Between each of the five research stages, analysis and reflection took place, facilitating the development of the next data collection method. When addressing the study’s over-arching question: what influences ethical fashion purchasing, several factors were identified from both a consumer and a retailer perspective. It was found that whilst consumers do have a certain level of knowledge regarding social issues in the garment supply chain, they rarely implement this knowledge during their purchasing behaviour. The retailers surveyed, being evidenced in several of the additional interviews with CSR representatives, also identified this. However this lack of cohesion between consumer intentions and actual behaviour was found to be heavily influenced by the communication of CSR information from retailers to their customers. As a result, consumers were found to have a lack of understanding of social issues within the garment supply chain. Thus, it was concluded that the contribution to knowledge that this work makes is that an increase of retailer CSR communication, will aid in the development of a relationship between the consumer and supplier to increase connectivity, understanding and empathy, in order to influence ethical fashion purchasing. However, it is paramount that this CSR information is delivered in a simple way, in order for it to be understood by consumers. This was identified as an important factor due to a fundamental misunderstanding found in consumer understanding of the term ethical, and distinguishing this from closely related sustainable connotations. The approach and methodology utilised in this study was designed to address the problems identified in a new and innovative way, in order to lead to a series of new insights. The study of both the retailer and consumer simultaneously and the utilisation of creative methods attempted to provide a unique approach in dealing with the methodological issues previously mentioned. Due to the nature of the research, it has in the past been approached from a business or marketing perspective, however this study used creative skills and tools commonly used in design research. The value of this research has been evidenced in a results table, where the problems identified were addressed through a series of incremental stages towards change. These have been broken down into long and short-term changes, with the aim to gradually move the industry towards a more socially responsible future.

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Zhang, Jun. "Ethical decision making : an exploratory study of British and Chinese manager behaviour." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2009. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/ethical-decision-making(bb452fe1-d2f5-45f3-b542-33d283acda51).html.

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The growth of international businesses within the context of economic globalisation has created different operating environments that have exposed managers at both national and international levels to different business challenges as well as moral dilemmas. The moral dilemmas and subsequent decisions facing managers in Britain and China today are important considerations both in terms of research knowledge and management practices. This thesis is based on a triangulated cross-cultural comparative study of managers working for British multi-national corporations (MNCs) in China and the United Kingdom (UK). The study includes a postal survey and semi-structured interviews with Chinese and British managers of British MNCs that represent various industries. Alternative to traditional approach, the study has investigated the reality experienced by the managers in their decision making when confronted by moral dilemmas. The managers‟ moral behaviour processes are compared. For China-based managers, the recent moral, economic, social and cultural changes in modern China have contributed to the creation of ethical challenges. The dilemma for them is whether to follow local practices or the corporate standards of their British companies. For managers who are based in Britain, the centre of the moral tension is caused by reconciling personal ethical standards when making decisions to prioritise business rationale. Similarities found between Chinese and British managers show that despite moral struggles and discomfort suffered by managers, the decisions they finally make are determined by a leaning towards their companies‟ continued benefit. The evidence in this study suggests that managers‟ moral behaviour and final decisions are not often determined by what they personally think is morally right or wrong, but determined by their managerial responsibility, business pressure, commonly accepted practices, business culture and social environment, as well as changing economic environments. The components which play essential parts in constructing moral behaviour include managers‟ moral sensitivity, judgement, motivation and decisions. Business rationale and economic values of a decision are consistently shown to be the main reasons which can explain managers‟ decisions. This is the reality of managerial ethical decision-making interpreted and understood by the managers in China and the UK in this study.

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Strand, Philip Andrew. "The impact of leadership on the ethical behaviour of British Private Security Companies." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-leadership-on-the-ethical-behaviour-of-british-private-security-companies(6e469d35-cdb7-4e15-ad14-d3057e8fdbfb).html.

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Ensuring high ethical standards for British Private Security Companies (PSCs) and their contractors is a major concern for government, civil society, and industry stakeholders. This concern is currently being addressed through regulatory efforts; however, evidence suggests that even if external monitoring and regulatory systems were improved, the ethical climates within individual companies and the actions of immediate supervisors would still have more influence over contractors’ behaviour than written regulations. This thesis identifies and analyzes how PSC leaders at multiple levels of decision-making authority can influence the ethical behaviour of contractors in places where governments and NGOs have limited monitoring or disciplinary power. Some discussion is included of how other leaders from client and training organizations might also leverage leadership skills and behaviours to exert an additional degree of influence. In accordance with Charmaz’s (2006) constructivist grounded theory methodology, data was collected via a series of semistructured interviews with PSC leaders throughout PSC hierarchies. Interview data was then analysed using the ‘constant comparative method’ and ‘theoretical integration.’ Alternate sources of data, including existing leadership theories and PSC literature, were used to triangulate the data obtained during interviews. Sources of information external to the private security industry were used to provide additional support for the assertions of this thesis after the interview analyses were complete. The end result of this thesis’ analyses is new information that helps to explain how, why, and to what extent leadership influences the ethical behaviour of British private security contractors in hostile environments. As such, this thesis makes original contributions to the fields of both leadership and PSC research. First, this thesis provides new information that suggests specific leadership skills and behaviours that impact on the ethical behaviour of personnel within a unique type of organization: Private Security Companies. Secondly, this thesis helps to inform contemporary debates about civil society’s ability to ensure that PSC personnel behave according to social and ethical norms; historically, such debates have not been informed by leadership research. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the wider relevancy of this research’s findings.

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Foti, Lianne K. "High and Low Involvement: An Exploration of Ethical Product Decisions." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17405.

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Purpose Ethical elaboration is an aspect of product involvement and this research examines the relationship between involvement and ethical consumption providing a more holistic understanding of ethical decision-making. This paper identifies antecedents of both low and high involvement ethical product decision-making at farmers’ markets, and with sustainable and energy efficient features in the housing market, respectively. Design/methodology/approach These aims are achieved through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with consumers and sellers of ethical products across low and high involvement domains. Findings The empirical investigation reveals new insights into the constructs considered when purchasing high involvement ethical products. Barriers are discussed and findings examine the relationships between trust, information, ethical motivation and signalling. Research implications A research process framework for the study of ethical decision-making is presented, demonstrating that constructs are approached differently between involvement levels. A conceptual model providing steps for transferring knowledge gained from the research to practice is also developed. Practical implications This research aids in the dispersion of information among stakeholders so that sustainability and energy efficiency can be part of the standard real estate conversation. Social implications Sustainability and energy efficiency (SEE) housing is seen as a niche market and this research will help alter the behaviour of the stakeholders in order to incentivise consumers to change their purchase patterns to include SEE features. Originality/value Most of the work on ethical consumption deals with low-involvement products. This study addresses high-involvement ethical consumption within the housing market through a qualitative approach.

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Eliasson, Nicklas, and Jakob Alftén. ""Would you buy it?" : "What triggers ethical consumption, based on personality archetypes"." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52758.

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This study comprises what triggers ethical consumption, based on personality archetypes. It has been conducted through semi-structured interviews. The respondents were students at Linnaeus University in the ages of 20-27. The personality archetypes were mapped through a conceptual model, based on the foundations of a personality; ego or social, with tendencies of having freedom or order characteristics. The respondent’s ethical behaviour was mapped in a conceptual model, then analysed in accordance with existing personalities. The results show differences in what triggers consumers’ behaviour in ethical consumption and that the individual’s personality determines to what extent.

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Ross, Heather Fiona. "Communicating ethical business practices and its effects on the knowledge, perception and behaviour of stakeholders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31058.

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Concern about the economic, social and environmental impacts caused by the production and consumption of products and services has resulted in an escalation in the monitoring of companies by stakeholders. Scrutiny has been enhanced by an expanding array of behaviour-modulating instruments, which span a voluntary to mandatory continuum, in the form of ethical identifiers that range from collaborative partnerships, through codes and standards, to regulations, directives and laws. Such identifiers are now becoming more-widely used by businesses in the formulation and communication of their Corporate Social Responsibility and sustainability (CSRS) related strategies. In a business environment undergoing closer examination, individual companies must determine the extent to which they will endorse CSRS, as well as deciding on their level of public disclosure of related practices. However, despite an increasing number of tools that are available for communicating ethical disclosure, there is currently no agreed standard format for presenting the relevant data. This can create difficulties for stakeholders who may wish to compare and contrast the ethical business practices of different companies and can reduce the pressure for meaningful change to be brought about. In the course of the research reported in this thesis, philosophical, ethical and legitimacy theories were drawn upon to understand the approaches that underpin CSRS disclosure, whilst the engagement of key stakeholders was evaluated by applying the principles involved in stakeholder mapping and ethical business strategy communication. For practical reasons, the study focusses on a single global business sector with identifiable CSRS interests, the apparel sector, which has well-publicised issues regarding both its social and environmental impacts, while also possessing constituent parts that are applicable to a variety of other consumer goods markets (for example, extended supply chains). Using a pragmatic methodology, the primary research consisted of two phases carried out in sequence; quantitative research first, then qualitative investigation. The first phase utilised findings from previously published quantitative research to pinpoint five fashion sector brands. The brands’ web-based CSRS-related disclosure was examined by means of a longitudinal four-stage content analysis, which involved an assessment of the click paths created by brands to enable interested parties to access information about their ethical business practices. The ethical identifiers disclosed were then classified and enumerated to quantify the range and complexity of the CSRS-related information provided by each brand. The information gained from the findings was also used to inform the development of a framework for identifying, grading and communicating CSRS disclosure to enable comparative analysis of the approaches adopted by different companies and their suitability to different types of stakeholders. The second phase of the research utilised a qualitative methodology to probe the results from the quantitative phase and to develop an improved communication tool. In-depth interviews were undertaken with fifteen key informants on CSRS, encompassing policy makers, advisors and representatives from commerce; as well as five consumer focus groups divided by age (20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, and 60 years and over). As a result of the research findings, ten stakeholder types were identified as key audiences for CSRS-related information, while stakeholder engagement with the data was classified into three levels ranging from ‘active’, through ‘aware but ambivalent’, to ‘inactive’. Stakeholders who were categorised as ‘active’, responded to triggers created by CSRS-related knowledge and readily participated in behaviours that were sympathetic to promoting social responsibility. The ‘active’ stakeholders were likely to be professionals working in the area of CSRS and consumers personally committed to ethical goals. The participants who demonstrated ‘awareness but ambivalence’ to CSRS information possessed knowledge of CSRS issues, but were not emotionally committed to its goals. They used behavioural filters to explain the rationale supporting a position of commitment that was flexible and dependent on circumstances; hence their tendency to consider the information was affected by a range of additional factors. By contrast, ‘inactive’ stakeholders created blockers or barriers to justify why the responsibility for CSRS lay not with themselves, but with second and third parties in the supply chain. They displayed limited or no commitment to CSRS goals and were not swayed in their behaviour by associated knowledge. The multi-layering of stakeholder perspectives emphasises the need for a reporting framework designed to satisfy the requirements of a growing and diverse body of interested parties. To address this need, ethical identifiers used in CSRS disclosure were divided into deontological and teleological indicators to provide greater classification exclusivity than previous models. From this division, the current research proposes a new communications framework suited to a variety of levels of stakeholder commitment and CSRS complexities by using a three concentric circles (TCC) format, with core, intermediate and outer circles identifying respectively what a company is required to do (mandatory and co-regulatory actions), agrees or chooses to do (self-regulatory and voluntary activities), and is going to do (through ethical collaborative partnerships). If applied digitally, the proposed framework could provide further detail relating to the ethical identifiers contained in each circle and expand the level of information available. When current CSRS disclosure by five sample brands was analysed using the TCC format, voluntary aspects (intermediate and outer circles) were found to dominate in number over mandatory obligations (core circle). However, the deontological actions or activities within which the companies engaged (core and intermediate circles) were seen to have greater longevity than their teleological collaborations and partnerships (outer circle). Bringing together the proposed framework for communicating CSRS information and the stakeholder engagement categories, the potential for full-disclosure access to ethical indicators, and their details, was designed for the ‘active’ group, who were the most likely category to create change-making pressure on companies. The availability of basic and concise ethical data was favoured by the ‘aware but ambivalent’ group, whislt an identifiable logo, indicating that a company was disclosing its practices was considered more than adequate for the requirements of the ‘inactive’ group who were unlikely to seek further information. The stance adopted by this latter group highlighted that business accountability is not demanded by all potential stakeholders and illustrated why mandatory intervention can be needed to enforce behavioural expectations on companies. At a time when the primary and secondary rules of society are increasing the expectation of CSRS-related disclosure from companies, as well as imposing a minimum level of annual reporting on them, the current research provides theoretical, practical and public policy-based contributions to progress the discipline of ethical communications.

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Ahmad, Syahrul A. "Internal auditor and internal whistleblowing intentions : a study of organisational, individual, situational and demographic factors." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/152.

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Whistleblowing is a type of ethical decision-making behaviour, and it has been one ofthe positive outcome behaviours investigated in the ethical decision-making literature.The issue has garnered widespread attention since the collapse of global multinationalcompanies which lead to the passage of the renowned Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.Since then a vast amount of research has been conducted in the whistleblowing stream,though it is still predominantly taking place largely in western countries. Such studiesas have been undertaken in Asian countries neglect to consider how Malaysianrespondents might play their roles in undertaking this type of ethical decision-makingbehaviour. There have been arguments in the whistleblowing literature on whether the internalreporting of corporate wrongdoings should be considered as an internal whistleblowingact, and whether internal auditors should also be regarded as whistleblowers. Despitethe fact that internal auditors hold a unique position in their organisations to prevent,deter and detect corporate wrongdoings, the role of this profession in investigatingethical decision-making behaviour has been much neglected. Hence, there is littleresearch concerning internal auditors’ internal whistleblowing intentions in theliterature. The purpose of this study is to investigate internal auditors’ internalwhistleblowing intentions on corporate wrongdoings in Malaysia. Theoretically, the study explored individual’s prosocial behaviour theory andorganisational ethical climate theory to provide the general framework for predictinginternal auditors’ internal whistleblowing intentions. The model developed for thisstudy included four levels of factors that can influence an internal auditor’s internalwhistleblowing intentions: organisational, individual, situational and demographicfactors. The organisational factors are ethical climate, size of organisation and job level.The individual factors are ethical judgment, locus of control, and organisationalcommitment. The situational factors include seriousness of wrongdoing and status ofwrongdoer. The individual demographics include gender, age and tenure. This researchis the first to examine the effect of these four factors in the internal auditing professionin Malaysia.

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Efune, Nanette. "Effects of employees’ personal social media behaviour on corporate reputation and behavioural intention : the moderating role of ethical position." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76037.

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This study examined the effects and risk of employee personal social media behaviour on corporate reputation, and the subsequent changing of consumer behavioural intention (CBI) in the banking industry. Additionally, this study also determined whether the ethical position, i.e idealistic views or relativistic views, moderates the consumer perception of the corporate reputation due to a personal social media post of an employee. This study was conducted using the Stimulus-Organism-Response model as a theoretical grounding. The research design was a single factor between subject experimental design, with a treatment and control group which were allocated to scenarios depicting an employee’s personal social media post. The analysis revealed that employee personal social media behaviour does affect consumer perception of the corporate reputation, and futhermore changes the CBI. However, the moderation analysis revealed that a consumer’s ethical position has no effect on their perception of the corporate reputation based on the employee’s personal social media behaviour. The findings offer recommendations to managers going forward.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
pt2020
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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du, Toit Marelise. "The influence of leader integrity on ethical leadership, interactional justice, leader trust and counterproductive work behaviour." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97846.

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Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015
ENGLISH ABSTRACT :This study arose due to the costly and harmful effect that negative behaviours have on organisations and society alike. This study is therefore undertaken to understand the determinants of these negative behaviours as well as to identify constructs that can defer these types of behaviour. The aim of the study was to study the constructs that is expected to significantly affect the occurrence of counterproductive workplace behaviours (CWB) in South African organisations. Therefore the purpose was to investigate the relationship between leader integrity, ethical leadership, interactional justice, leader trust and CWB. A theoretical model was subsequently developed to explain the structural relationships between the latent variables and counterproductive behaviours. Propositions were formulated regarding the postulated relationships found between these variables in the literature study. These hypotheses were tested to determine the validity of these propositions to subsequently test the proposed structural model. The sample encompassed employees from four organisations in the Western Cape. The respondents completed the Leader Trust Scale (LTS), the Justice Scale, Leadership of Ethics Scale (LES), Ethical Integrity Test (EIT) and the Deviance Scale. The proposed hypotheses and structural model were empirically tested by means of Partial Least Squares Analysis (PLS). These analyses included reliability analysis to determine the reliability of all the measurement scales. Satisfactorily reliability were found for all measurement scales. The structural model and the hypothesised relationships were analysed by means of the PLS path coefficients, R Square values and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The results indicated that support could be found for the relationship between leader integrity and ethical leadership, leader integrity and interactional justice, leader integrity and leader trust, ethical leadership and interactional justice, and leader trust and interactional justice. Only partial support was found for the relationship between ethical leadership and leader trust, leader trust and CWB, interactional justice and CWB, ethical leadership and CWB and leader integrity and CWB. Subsequently conclusions were made from the results as well as recommendations made for future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Hierdie studie het ontstaan as gevolg van die duur en skadelike effek wat negatiewe gedrag op beide organisasies en die samelewing het. Die studie is dus uitgevoer om die oorsake van hierdie negatiewe gedrag te begryp sowel as om konstrukte te identifiseer om hierdie tipes gedrag uit te skakel. Die doel van die studie was om konstrukte te ondersoek wat waarskynlik ‘n substansiële invloed op die verskynsel van teenproduktiewe gedrag in organisasies in Suid-Afrika kan hê. Die doel was dus om die verband tussen leier-integriteit, etiese leierskap, interaksionele geregtigheid, leier-vertroue en teenproduktiewe gedrag te ondersoek. ‘n Teoretiese model is ontwikkel om die strukturele verband tussen die latente veranderlikes en teenproduktiewe gedrag te verduidelik. Hipoteses is geformuleer rakende die gepostuleerde verwantskappe tussen hierdie veranderlikes soos in die literatuurstudie geïdentifiseer. Hierdie hipoteses is getoets om die geldigheid van hierdie proposisies te bepaal om uiteindelik die voorgestelde strukturele model te toets. Die steekproef is saamgestel uit werknemers van vier organisasies in die Wes-Kaap. Die proefpersone het die Leader Trust Scale (LTS), die Justice Scale, die Leadership of Ethics Scale (LES), die Ethical Integrity Test (EIT) en die Deviance Scale voltooi. Die voorgestelde hipoteses en strukturele model is empiries getoets deur middel van Partial Least Squares (PLS) ontleding. Hierdie analises sluit in ‘n betroubaarheidsanalise om die betroubaarheid van die metingskale te bepaal. Bevredigende betroubaarheid is vir al die metingskale gevind. Die strukturele model en die gepostuleerde hipoteses is ontleed deur middel van PLS path coefficients, R Square values en Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Die resultate het aangedui dat ondersteuning gevind is vir die verband tussen leier-integriteit en etiese leierskap, leier-integriteit en interaksionele geregtigheid, leier-integriteit en leier-vertroue, etiese leierskap en interaksionele geregtigheid, en leier-vertroue en interaksionele geregtigheid. Slegs gedeeltelike ondersteuning is gevind vir die verband tussen etiese leierskap en leier-vertroue, leier-vertroue en teenproduktiewe gedrag, interaksionele geregtigheid en teenproduktiewe gedrag, etiese leierskap en teenproduktiewe gedrag, en leier-integriteit en teenproduktiewe gedrag. Daarna is afleidings gemaak op grond van die resultate, sowel as aanbevelings gemaak vir toekomstige navorsing.

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Rapule, Sello Daniel. "An evaluation of the ethical behaviour of MBA students at a selected business school / Rapule S.O." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7277.

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Business schools have been under scrutiny over the last few years with regard to the type of manager leaders that they produce. This is because the business sector has suffered significantly, both financially and in terms of global reputation due to the unethical conduct of those in management and leadership of the organisations. The scandals that rocked the world in recent times, from business entities such as Enron and Tiger Brands provide examples of the unethical behaviour in the day–to–day running of business and further bring forth the essential need for an in–depth study in the behaviour of the manager–leaders. These manager–leaders are said to be graduates from business schools around the world. Researchers and business schools have started to put emphasis on the importance of ethical behaviour in manager–leaders. Business schools in particular have introduced and included business law and ethics as one of the modules in the curriculum of the MBA program so as to inculcate the ethical conduct in the present and emerging manager–leaders in organisations. Therefore, this study is based on the evaluation of the ethical behaviour of the MBA students at a selected business school in South Africa. The subjects of this study (MBA students) were subjected to questionnaires that prompted their convictions with regard to ethical behaviour at personal (individual) level and on company level as well. The results of the study indicated that the MBA students at this selected business school are ethical in behaviour at both individual and company levels, hence complied with principles that are guidelines in the renowned King reports. However, a comparative study with other business schools will be necessary so as to measure the relative ethical behaviour of the MBA students at other business schools.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Erasmus, Juanita Esther. "A performance measurement model incorporating 360-degree evaluation of corporate values / Juanita Esther Erasmus." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/746.

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Corporate governance and management by values have become vital for organisations in South Africa. Recent allegations of corruption, corporate failures and the abuse of leadership power highlight the need for solid moral and ethical foundations. A set of shared values in an organisation may prove to be a significant competitive advantage. The competence of employees as reflected through the evaluation of their individual job goals has been widely measured for many years. Currently, limited information is available on the measurement and evaluation of the conformance of employees to corporate values. This study explores the conformance of individual members to core values as part of a regular, systematic performance measurement system. Introducing such a system may assist in enforcing accountability for individual ethical behaviour. Literature on the topic advises that the core values of an organisation should be carefully and correctly identified before individual conformance to the values can be measured. Managing by values entails that preferred behaviours should be entrenched in all codes, policies, and procedures of an organisation, including the performance measurement system. A 360-degree evaluation is considered the most appropriate method to evaluate individual conformance to corporate values. Information gathered from the model development part of this study indicates the following: 360-Degree evaluation of values conformance may be incorporated into any existing performance measurement system that conforms to the criteria established in this study. A performance/values template used for the evaluation of job performance and values conformance results effectively differentiates employees into categories. The model developed in this study was effectively implemented and tested in an organisation. It is expected that the implementation of the model will enhance the performance of individuals and ultimately facilitate the creation of a motivating climate within the organisation.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

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Toole, Joanna. "The influence of cognitive moral development, androgyny, gender and motive on police recruits' ethical decision-making behaviour /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpst671.pdf.

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Hanel, Vanessa K., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Management. "Socially conscious consumer behaviour : the role of ethical self-identity in the use of mental accounting / Vanessa K. Hanel." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Management, 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2598.

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Consumers are becoming more socially conscious in their purchasing behaviours (Freestone & McGoldrick, 2008), and for some it is becoming a more salient aspect of buying criteria (Memery et al., 2005). Individuals‟ conceptions of themselves can influence behaviour (Aquino et al., 2009). An on-line experiment demonstrated the importance of consumers' ethical self-identity (ESI) in the mental processing of socially conscious consumer decisions. Findings reveal not only how individuals process decisions, but how they react to external stimuli. This study categorizes consumers into three levels of ESI, and shows differences and similarities between them. Individuals who feel an ethical orientation is part of their core self-identity were more inclined to mentally consult upon their previous behaviours when considering their current choice. Additional findings indicate that an assimilation effect took place; priming the environment led to more environmental purchase intentions (Herr, 1989). This study provides important insight into socially conscious consumer behaviour.
viii, 102 leaves ; 29 cm

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Albinger, Kenneth Charles, and n/a. "Using Values: a Qualitative Analysis of Ethical Dilemmas Encountered by Australian Lutheran Secondary School Principals." Griffith University. School of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060815.170949.

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Recent studies of effective leadership for schools suggest relationships between the work of principals and beliefs, values and theoretical knowledge. However, it is not clear how these relationships work. In schools of the Lutheran Church of Australia the situation is complicated by expectations that principals will be operating with a Lutheran Christian world view. The precise nature of the role of world view in determining professional action has not been fully researched. This study made use of analysis techniques grounded in symbolic interactionism to examine the construction of meaning and rationale for professional actions by Lutheran secondary school principals. It sought to understand the impact of value on meaning and decision in ethically challenging situations. The central question of this research was: What values influence the reflection of Australian Lutheran secondary school principals as they address ethical dilemmas in their woik? Drawing on the accounts given by three Australian Lutheran secondary pnncipals to provide data for analysis, and making use of membership category analysis techniques, the study found that three statements could be made: 1. There is evidence in the accounts to suggest that the way principals perceive dilemmas is the result of a filtering process where some facts ate not fully considered prior to action. 2. There is evidence in the accounts to suggest that the filtering process is more strongly influenced by sub-rational and trans-rational values than by rational values. 3. There is evidence in the accounts that each piincipal has a world view that is partially shaped by values implicit in the Christian tradition. These findings are tentative because of the limited scope of the research. They have implications for the theoretical literature, suggesting that mote attention needs to be given to the impact of trans-rational and sub-rational values as filters of perception in difficult decisions. 'The findings suggest that any study of the reflection of school principals in ethically challenging situations should take into account the power of non-rational values to be a lens that distorts what is considered in the reflective process'. They also have implications for further research by those interested in Lutheran schools and those interested in the importance of values in shaping perception. Finally they have implications for those who prepare piincipals for Lutheran schools, suggesting the need for a clearer articulation of a philosophy for Lutheran schooling and for the development of the habit of critical reflection in Lutheran principals.

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Albinger, Kenneth Charles. "Using Values: a Qualitative Analysis of Ethical Dilemmas Encountered by Australian Lutheran Secondary School Principals." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366863.

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Recent studies of effective leadership for schools suggest relationships between the work of principals and beliefs, values and theoretical knowledge. However, it is not clear how these relationships work. In schools of the Lutheran Church of Australia the situation is complicated by expectations that principals will be operating with a Lutheran Christian world view. The precise nature of the role of world view in determining professional action has not been fully researched. This study made use of analysis techniques grounded in symbolic interactionism to examine the construction of meaning and rationale for professional actions by Lutheran secondary school principals. It sought to understand the impact of value on meaning and decision in ethically challenging situations. The central question of this research was: What values influence the reflection of Australian Lutheran secondary school principals as they address ethical dilemmas in their work? Drawing on the accounts given by three Australian Lutheran secondary principals to provide data for analysis, and making use of membership category analysis techniques, the study found that three statements could be made: 1. There is evidence in the accounts to suggest that the way principals perceive dilemmas is the result of a filtering process where some facts ate not fully considered prior to action. 2. There is evidence in the accounts to suggest that the filtering process is more strongly influenced by sub-rational and trans-rational values than by rational values. 3. There is evidence in the accounts that each piincipal has a world view that is partially shaped by values implicit in the Christian tradition. These findings are tentative because of the limited scope of the research. They have implications for the theoretical literature, suggesting that mote attention needs to be given to the impact of trans-rational and sub-rational values as filters of perception in difficult decisions. 'The findings suggest that any study of the reflection of school principals in ethically challenging situations should take into account the power of non-rational values to be a lens that distorts what is considered in the reflective process'. They also have implications for further research by those interested in Lutheran schools and those interested in the importance of values in shaping perception. Finally they have implications for those who prepare piincipals for Lutheran schools, suggesting the need for a clearer articulation of a philosophy for Lutheran schooling and for the development of the habit of critical reflection in Lutheran principals.
Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Education (EdD)
School of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning
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Ter, Meer Janna [Verfasser], Bernd [Gutachter] Irlenbusch, Bettina [Gutachter] Rockenbach, and Patrick [Gutachter] Schmitz. "Understanding and Increasing Ethical Behaviour Through Mechanism Design / Janna Ter Meer ; Gutachter: Bernd Irlenbusch, Bettina Rockenbach, Patrick Schmitz." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1124977902/34.

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Crelley, David. "I can resist anything except temptation : self-regulatory fatigue and ethical spending." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/12401.

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Within western societies the act of consumption is not merely concerned with satisfying basic human needs. Rather, consumption has become a source of leisure and self expression for the masses (Belk, 1988). This has meant that humankind’s wants have tended to outstrip the world’s finite resources available, leading to environmental damage, questionable farming practice and the widespread abuse of human labour. In response to these issues the phenomena of ethical consumption was born. Ethical consumption attempts to limit the environmental, human and animal costs of our spending via the favouring of products that are deemed to be for the betterment of wider society. At face value ethical consumption has been hugely successful in terms of market share, with sales of products stressing their ethical credentials having grown rapidly in recent years (Cooperative Bank 2011). However, despite this success, ethically branded products still represent a minority of purchases (Thøgersen, 2006). Psychological research exploring the reasons why consumers purchase ethically is dominated by papers focusing upon consumers’ attitudes, values and intentions (Andorfer & Liebe, 2012, Milfont & Duckitt, 2004). However, consumers’ attitudes do not always mirror actual spending (Auger, Burke, Devinney & Louviere., 2003; Auger & Devinney, 2007). Whilst one third of consumers describe themselves as being ethical spenders, only 1-3% of products purchased are Fair Trade certified (Cowe & Williams, 2000). The divergence between attitude and behaviour has been referred to as the ‘ethical purchasing gap’ (Andorfer & Liebe, 2012, Clayton & Brook, 2005). One factor that may be partially responsible for the divergence between purchase intention and actual behaviours is self-regulatory fatigue (ego depletion). Chapter one of the thesis presents the argument for ethical spending being affected by, amongst other things, our ability to suppress our impulsive desires via a process known as self-regulation (Bagozzi, 1992; Baumeister, 2002; Baumeister & Vohs, 2007). According to the self-regulatory fatigue literature, self-control requires the expenditure of blood glucose (Gailliot, 2008, Inzlicht & Gutsell, 2007). However, the available level of blood glucose temporarily diminishes with continued use of the self-regulatory system. In response to the lower availability of blood glucose, individuals begin to limit all non-essential cognitive expenditure, including further acts of self-regulation. Individuals who have exhausted their capacity for self control are said to be ego depleted or in a state of self-regulatory fatigue (Baumeister & Heatherton, 1996; Hofmann. Friese & Strack, 2009; Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) Chapter one argues that self-regulatory fatigue may restrict an individual’s capacity to consider the social and long-term impacts of their spending to resist the temptation of cheap consumer goods. As a result, it is predicted that ethical spending may be negatively affected by self-regulation fatigue. Following this theoretical foundation, Chapter two presents the methodological rationale for the research project that set out to test various aspects of this foundational hypothesis. Chapter three presents the findings of the first empirical study. The purpose of the study was to use open-ended questionnaires to explore the principles that guided participants’ spending, as well gaining an insight into instances where there was a discrepancy between spending and principle. The study is included within the thesis primarily to show the genesis of the research agenda. The study indicated that consumers within the sample were primarily concerned with traditional forms of ethical consumption, namely environmental, human and animal welfare concerns. Participants justified non-principled purchasing as being a result of financial consideration or impulsive urge. It was thus decided to explore the possibility that self-regulation fatigue may have a potentially negative impact upon ethical spending, due to its known relationship with impulsive spending (Vohs & Faber, 2007). Chapter four explores the effects of self-regulation fatigue upon socially-minded economic behaviour within the controlled setting of a social dilemma game. Ethical consumption can be considered to be a prime example of a ‘social dilemma’ in the sense that decisions relating to whether or not to consume ethically involve a direct conflict between an individual’s short term interests (e.g. to save money) and the collective interests of wider society (Gattig & Hendrickx, 2007; Milfont & Gouveiac, 2006). Therefore it was decided to measure the effects of self-regulatory fatigue within an experimental social dilemma task. The task used was based upon the forest game, which was first outlined by Sheldon and McGregor (2000), with the white bear thought suppression task (Wegner, Schneider, Carter, & White, 1987) being utilised to manipulate self-regulatory fatigue. The results revealed a clear divergence in behaviour within the game as a function of the manipulation of self-regulatory fatigue, with non-depleted groups sustaining the central resource longer than their depleted counterparts. Chapter five builds on the findings of chapter four through an exploration of the relationship between ego depletion and participants’ willingness to pay for ethical goods. The study utilised a discrete choice measure in order to measure participant’s willingness to pay for ethical goods. The findings did not show a significant effect of self-regulatory fatigue on the willingness to pay for ethical goods. However a potential explanation for this result was the fact that the decision-making processes involved in this study were less arduous than those required within a real-life shopping environment (or, for that matter, than the decisions required in the forest game reported in chapter four). It is possible that the complexity of the choice presented may have been insufficient for the decision to be negatively affected by self-regulatory fatigue. The study is thus included in order to illustrate the importance of utilising more realistic measures of spending that incorporate more of the complexity of decision-making required in real-world contexts. Chapter six presents four separate experiments exploring the relationship between self-regulatory fatigue and ethical spending. The first study utilised an online supermarket simulation and asked participants to go shopping for one week’s worth of groceries after either completing, or not completing, the white bear thought suppression task. The simulated supermarket allowed participants to select from a range of over 1900 products. The pattern of results indicated that participants in a state of self-regulatory fatigue spent significantly less on ethically branded products than their non-depleted counterparts. However, this was only true for individuals with a high food budget. Those with a low budget were not significantly affected, presumably due to having relatively little flexibility in terms of product choice and/or having established shopping habits focusing upon value. The second study in chapter six explored the ways in which social appeals interact with self-regulatory fatigue. Participants were presented with an attention control task before reading either an article praising students for their ethical behaviours or a control article. Participants were then asked to “go shopping” within the online store. Results once again indicated that self-regulatory fatigue reduced spending on ethically branded goods. However, contrary to predictions, the social appeal had no significant effect on levels of ethical spending either as a main effect or in interaction with self-regulatory fatigue.

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Theart, Cecilia Johanna. "The status of academic integrity among nursing students." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6601.

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Thesis (MCur)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Academic integrity is of undisputed importance in the educational environment as honesty is regarded as a basic ethical value in all educational programmes. Yet, academic dishonesty is a wide-ranging practice which is also encountered in the nursing education environment. This phenomenon causes concern in the nursing fraternity because of the positive correlation between unethical academic practices and future unethical professional behaviour. This correlation, together with the lack of research data regarding academic dishonesty at nursing education institutions in South Africa, motivated the researcher to undertake the present study. The purpose of the study was to examine the status of academic integrity among nursing students at a nursing education institution in the Western Cape. The objectives were to determine the incidence of academic dishonesty and to investigate the individual and contextual factors that influence academic dishonesty. The students’ knowledge of institutional policies regarding academic dishonesty, their understanding of plagiarism and referencing, their attitudes towards cheating, and their recommendations to prevent cheating were also explored. A quantitative research approach with a descriptive survey design was chosen for the study. The population (N=688) included all the pre-registration nursing students in the second- (N=319), third- (N=199) and fourth-year (N=170) groups. A nonrandom convenience sampling technique was used to select a sample of 80% (n=550) from each of the second-year (n=255), third-year (n=159) and fourth-year (n=136) student groups. A self-reported questionnaire, with a set of 61 Likert-type items, was designed to obtain information about academic dishonesty. Three openended questions were included in the questionnaire to generate more in-depth data. The questionnaire, which was based on a literature review and on the objectives for the study, was pilot tested to ensure reliability and validity. The inputs of experts in research methodology and nursing education also assured reliability and validity. Data collection, where only the researcher was involved, took place during scheduled classes. Descriptive statistics and, where appropriate, inferential statistical tests were used in analysing the data. Ethical approval was obtained. Measures were taken to ensure anonymity and confidentiality to all respondents. Consent was assumed on completion of the questionnaire. It was found that academic dishonesty was a reality at the nursing education institution where this study was done. Cheating behaviours associated with plagiarism and assignments were identified as the main problem areas. An unacceptably high level of dishonesty with the completion of practical records was also an area of concern. The main recommendations were the development and implementation of a code of honour and the implementation of comprehensive academic integrity policies at the nursing education institution. Practical measures aimed at combating cheating in tests and examinations were also recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Akademiese integriteit in die opvoedkundige omgewing is ongetwyfeld van groot belang omdat eerlikheid as ŉ basiese etiese beginsel in alle opvoedkundige programme beskou word. Desnieteenstaande, is akademiese oneerlikheid ŉ algemene praktyk wat ook in die verpleegonderwys omgewing voorkom. Weens die positiewe korrelasie tussen onetiese akademiese praktyke en toekomstige onetiese professionele gedrag veroorsaak hierdie verskynsel kommer in die verpleeggemeenskap. Hierdie korrelasie, tesame met die gebrek aan navorsingsdata ten opsigte van akademiese oneerlikheid by verpleegonderwys instellings in Suid-Afrika, het die navorser gemotiveer om die huidige studie te onderneem. Die doel van die studie was om die status van akademiese integriteit onder verpleegstudente by ŉ verpleegonderwys instelling in die Wes-Kaap te ondersoek. Die doelwitte was om die insidensie van akademiese oneerlikheid te bepaal, en om ondersoek in te stel na die individuele en kontekstuele faktore wat akademiese oneerlikheid beïnvloed. Die studente se kennis van die institusionele beleide met betrekking tot akademiese oneerlikheid, hul begrip van plagiaat en die verwysing van bronne, hul houding teenoor oneerlikheid, asook hul aanbevelings om oneerlikheid te voorkom, is ook ondersoek. ŉ Kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering met ŉ beskrywende opname-ontwerp is vir die studie gekies. Die populasie (N=688) het al die voorregistrasie-verpleegstudente in die tweede- (N=319), derde- (N=199) en vierdejaargroepe (N=170) ingesluit. ŉ Nie-ewekansige gerieflikheidsteekproeftegniek is gebruik om ŉ steekproef van 80% (n=550) uit elk van die tweede- (n=255), derde- (n=159) en vierdejaarstudente (n=136) te selekteer. ŉ Self-rapporteringsvraelys met ŉ stel van 61 Likert-styl-items is ontwerp om inligting ten opsigte van akademiese oneerlikheid in te samel. Drie oop vrae is ingesluit in die vraelys om meer in-diepte data te genereer. Die vraelys is op ŉ literatuurstudie en die doelwitte van die studie gebaseer en ŉ loodsstudie is gedoen om die betroubaarheid en geldigheid te verseker. Die insette van kundiges in navorsingsmetodologie en verpleegopvoedkunde het ook die betroubaarheid en geldigheid verseker. Data-insameling, waarby slegs die navorser betrokke was, het tydens geskeduleerde klastyd plaasgevind. Beskrywende statistieke, en waar toepaslik, inferensiële statistiese toetse, is gebruik vir data-analise. Etiese goedkeuring is verkry. Algehele anonimiteit en vertroulikheid is vir al die respondente gewaarborg. Voltooiing van die vraelys het ook toestemming tot deelname aangedui. Daar is gevind dat akademiese oneerlikheid ŉ werklikheid is by die verpleegonderwys instelling waar die studie gedoen is. Oneerlike gedrag geassosieer met plagiaat en werkopdragte is as die hoof-probleemareas geïdentifiseer. Die onaanvaarbare hoë vlak van oneerlikheid met die voltooiing van praktika-rekords is ook ŉ bron van kommer. Die hoofaanbevelings was die ontwikkeling en implementering van ŉ erekode en die implementering van beleide ten opsigte van omvattende akademiese integriteit by die verpleegonderwys instelling. Praktiese maatreëls gerig op die bestryding van oneerlikheid in toetse en eksamens is ook aanbeveel.

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Medetbekova, Tamila. "The influence on ethical behaviour of established foreign companies when entering emerging markets - A case study of two Swedish companies in Kazakhstan." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-59500.

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Background: Companies always look for opportunities to expand their businesses internationally as it is the way for them to grow beyond its current status. Nowadays, emerging markets seem to be very attractive in terms of economic growth. Thus, there is a tendency towards foreign direct investment inflows to emerging market economies. However, these markets can be very risky and there is no guarantee of success. Companies would have to be ready to face challenges and obstacles related to the unfamiliar environment. They would have to deal with the internal confrontation of whether to accept or reject the local rules of the game as well as to face difficulties in terms of maintaining a high standard of business ethics and promoting best corporate governance practices. Overall, the conditions of these markets can negatively affect the ethical behaviour of established foreign companies which in turn can negatively affect the reputation and brand value of these companies. This paper describes and analyzes the above issues through a case study of two Swedish companies in the market of Kazakhstan: Tele2 and TeliaSonera. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of emerging market economy conditions of Kazakhstan on companies control structure or code of conduct, specifically how they can handle the internal confrontation and maintain a high standard of business ethics and corporate governance practices. Therefore, the tasks were also set to describe and analyze the entry process of two Swedish telecom companies into the market of Kazakhstan in order to improve the understanding of Swedish companies’ preparations, strategy of entry and operations when entering an emerging market of Kazakhstan. Methodology: The research thesis is based on the case study approach which uses a qualitative method to obtain the necessary data. Primary data was collected through interviews with the above mentioned two Swedish telecom companies in Kazakhstan. Secondary data was collected from e-sources. Findings/ Conclusions: In this research, I found that the best entry strategy for entering Kazakhstan is to form a joint-venture with the local partner, but if the company had an earlier experience in similar markets, then the acquisition strategy can be chosen. With regard to the ethical issues, factors such as a weak legal framework, a high level of corruption, poor corporate governance and cultural differences between Sweden and Kazakhstan as well as individual factors of all stakeholders including the manager may have a negative effect on the ethical behaviour of Swedish companies entering and operating in Kazakhstan. It is revealed in this study that Swedish companies manage to confront ethical dilemmas by choosing to “go at it alone”. To be able to confront these issues, companies should set their own bar for how to act as ethically and responsibly. Also, they should ensure the enforcement of codes of conduct, corporate governance, ethics training, ethical role model of top management and whistle-blowers policy.

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Ebel, Marc. "Digital music consumption on the Internet : consumer behaviour in the light of digital piracy, legal alternatives and ethical considerations." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2014. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/digital-music-consumption-on-the-internet(a351c4f6-b984-4383-8e41-4b9a3c2c988a).html.

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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the usage behaviour of legal and illegal digital music services on the internet and derive a theoretical model that includes the determinants for these behaviours. Based on this model, hidden heterogeneity will be examined amongst the sample population to extract different user-groups with similar attitudes, perceptions and behaviours and to derive and describe these different customer segments of digital music consumers. Design/methodology/approach: A theoretical framework has been developed through a synthesis of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Unified Theory of Usage and Acceptance of Technology (UTAUT) and ethical decision making theories. A structured self- completion online-questionnaire has been conducted in Germany and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) has been applied to analyse and validate the theoretical model. Hidden heterogeneity has been analysed using the Finite Mixture (FIMIX) algorithm for PLS-SEM to derive three different customer segments amongst the sample population. Findings: The cause-and-effect model has been proven valid and has revealed the most important antecedents of the usage of legal vs. illegal digital music services on the internet: performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, habit and usage behaviour, perceived risks and benefits, and attitudes including moral and ethical considerations. Besides this, three different segments of customers have been identified, which show different values, opinions and behaviours with the other segments, but homogeneous within the segments. The segments are: Legal Power-Users, Digital Laggards and Young Indifferents. Practical implications: The cause-and-effect model and the three customer segments inform practice for a better understanding of the digital music customer and provide important inputs for the development of new products and services, positioning of the services and communication strategies for current and future services as well as policy makers. Originality/value: Two research gaps have been closed: (1) newer legal digital music services have hardly been examined in the literature and (2) only student samples have been used in digital piracy studies. This study is the first to fill both gaps in expanding the scope explicitly to legal vs. illegal services and to a sample population beyond students. The synthesis of theoretical models to a more comprehensive model to understand the usage and determinants of digital music services has been created. The identification of the three customer segments with the FIMIX algorithm and their real-life description is a contribution to practice, knowledge and methodology. Additionally the research shows, that the evaluation of hidden heterogeneity enriches the pure SEM-analysis, has even improved the evaluation of the overall model and should be a new standard for future SEM-research.

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Gronfula, Auhud Ghazi M. "The linkage between CSR beliefs and ethical behaviour and its influences on consumer attitudes towards the retail sector in the UK." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16438.

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The relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumer attitudes has been investigated in previous research; however, empirically there is no studies deliberate the role of consumer ethics in order to achieve the CSR, that is, to achieve greater CSR, there is a need to be accompanied with consumer ethics. Therefore, the emergence of consumer ethical behaviour has brought a new perspective to determining the influences of CSR on consumer attitudes. Based on The Theory of Planned Behaviour and Vitell-Hunt theory, this study aims to examine the link between CSR and consumer ethical behaviour, and its influences on consumer attitudes. In order to address the aim, this study explores the relationship between CSR from the philanthropic perspective, and consumers' ethical behaviour. It also determines the extent to which CSR affects brand trust and consumer affective behavioural attitudes. Finally, it examines the role of consumers' ethical behaviour in influencing consumers' attitudes alongside CSR. To address these objectives, this study adopted positivism research philosophy, using a quantitative survey method. The data were collected from consumers who make purchases from the retail sector in the UK. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the previous literature. Then, 500 questionnaires were distributed, of which 350 were completed and used for the final analysis. Multivariate analysis was employed, with the questionnaires analysed using a covariance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The findings reveal that as hypothesized, CSR 'philanthropy' is significantly associated with consumer ethical behaviour; however, this study reveals a negative relationship between them. This study also hypothesized that philanthropic retailers have an influence on (a) consumer affective attitudes and (b) consumer behavioural attitudes. This study does not support the hypothesized relationship between philanthropy and (a) consumer affective attitudes or (b) consumer behavioural attitudes. However, the study identifies a positive relationship between philanthropy and brand trust. Consumers' ethical behaviour is not statistically significantly related to brand trust or consumer affective attitudes. However, the relationship between consumer ethical behaviour and consumer behavioural attitudes is found to be statistically significant. Moreover, the study demonstrates a positive relationship between brand trust and consumer behavioural attitudes, and that consumer affective attitudes mediate this relationship. This study offers a number of theoretical contributions to the literature on CSR and consumer ethics. First, the important contribution lies in the attempt to explore the relationship between CSR and consumers' ethical behaviour. This study unexpectedly, discovers the negative relationship between CSR and consumers' ethical behaviour. The possible explanation is that when consumers perceive the company to behave philanthropically, they are less likely to evaluate themselves as ethical because they may attribute their ethical behaviour to the company's perceived philanthropic behaviours. This study further highlights the positive relationship between consumers' ethical behaviour and their behavioural attitude. The second contribution lies in the relationship between CSR and consumers' responses. In line with previous studies (e.g. Willmott 2003; Hustvedt 2014; Singh et al. 2012), this study concurs that CSR positively affects consumers' brand trust. However, the relationship between CSR and consumers' attitudes is not statistically significant. Instead, this study highlights the important role of brand trust; that is, based on this finding, brand trust is the key driver of both consumers' affective and behaviour attitudes. Third, this study discovers the partially mediating role of consumers' affective attitude on the link between brand trust and behavioural attitude; which seems to be an essential sub-process regulating the effect of brand trust on consumer behavioural attitudes. This study also has practical implications. Firstly, retailers are recommended to effectively communicate their philanthropic activities to consumers in order to enhance their brand trust. It is particularly important that they also aim at influencing consumers' trust in their brand because it is the brand trust that would positively affect their purchasing decision. The final recommendation is that management should focus their CSR communication on the ethical consumer segment because ethical consumers show strong intention to purchase from a socially responsible company.

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Oursel, Killian, and Mbembo Maxia Befene. "How do ethics in influencer marketing impact consumer behavior?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45287.

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Influencer marketing has an unethical side that was important for us to talk about. Thisstudy’s objective was to understand how impactful it was regarding the consumer and how itcould be really bad for a company to use this type of marketing in an unethical way. Theresearch then permitted us to investigate, see and understand consumer’s point of view onthis topic, especially thanks to the interviews that were conducted. The findings were varied,but most of the people that were asked about it were positive about the fact that unethicalpromotions impacted their behavior towards the brands in a bad way. This is the reason whycompanies must choose wisely the influencers they chose to use to promote their brands onsocial media. Indeed, as their name suggests, they influence their followers. That is thereason why they must be ethically correct.

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Gwamanda, Nelson. "The development and empirical evaluation of a counterproductive work behaviour structural model in selected organisations in Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8120.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The current study was motivated by the need to establish the factors that predispose leaders to engage in counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs) in organisations. Corporate scandals continue to rise unabated and their damage to organisations financially, is unendurable, hence the need to mitigate them so that organisations can thrive under the harsh economic conditions that have ravaged the global economies in recent history. Evidence from the literature shows that leadership plays a significant role in combating CWBs in organisations therefore making it an integral component under the current study

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Dootson, Paula. "Where do consumers draw the line? : an investigation of deviant consumer behaviour." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/75517/1/Paula_Dootson_Thesis.pdf.

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Using mixed-methods, this research investigated why consumers engage in deviant behaviors. It found that there is significant variation in how consumers perceive right and wrong, which calls for more tailored deterrence strategies to challenge how consumers justify deviant behaviours. Specifically, individuals draw on a number of factors when assessing right and wrong. While individuals agree on the polar acceptable and unacceptable behaviours, behaviours in between are questionable. When social consensus varies on a behaviour's acceptability, so to do the predictors of deviant behaviour. These findings contribute to consumer deviance and consumer ethics research.

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Westberg, Ekerljung Frida, and Rebecca Jansson. "Etiskt konsumentbeteende : en studie om den svenska etiska modekonsumenten." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16826.

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Textil- och modeindustrin har på senare tid uppmärksammats i allt större utsträckning för att vara en ohållbar bransch och som följd av problemen har en rad etiska modevarumärken lanserats. De tar hänsyn till påverkan på miljö och människorna i produktionen, varför deras produkter kallas etiskt mode. De varumärken och de butiker som säljer etiskt mode har kunder som tar hänsyn till etiska aspekter i sitt köpbeslut, så kallade etiska konsumenter.Senaste decenniet har forskning på etiskt mode genomförts, men då framförallt på den vanliga konsumenten. Då forskning på svenska etiska konsumenter är begränsad har författarna till den här uppsatsen funnit det intressant att se närmare på dem. Tidigare forskning på etiska konsumenter har uppmärksammat ett gap mellan de etiska konsumenternas attityd mot etiskt mode och deras faktiska konsumentbeteende, ett attityd-beteendegap. De etiska konsumenterna har som intention att handla etiska kläder men gör det inte alltid.Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att förstå, beskriva och förklara vad som styr den svenska etiska konsumentens val att handla eller att inte handla etiska modekläder i syfte att öka förståelsen för hur företag kan minska det nu rådande attityd- beteendegapet.För att uppfylla syftet har en studie med en kvalitativ ansats genomförts. Syftet är inte att svara på några frågor eller göra någon form av generalisering, utan hellre att förstå meningen bakom den undersökta gruppen etiska konsumenters beteende. För empiriinsamlingen har fokusgrupper och ostrukturerade intervjuer använts som metod. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats med hjälp av relevant bakgrundinformation, litteratur på ämnet, tidigare forskning och teorier om konsumentbeteende, specifikt etiskt konsumentbeteende.Utkomsten från empirin visar på att de etiska konsumenterna kännetecknas av att vara empatiska och att bry sig mer om sin omgivnings välmående än sin egna ekonomiska vinning. Deras intentioner är att handla etiska kläder, dock stärker den här studien tidigare forskning som visat på att etiska konsumenter inte alltid handlar efter deras etiska intentioner. För etiska konsumenter liksom vanliga konsumenter är pris och design faktorer som spelar in på deras köpbeslut. Den kvalitativa studien pekar på att den etiska konsumenten handlar etiska produkter när de matchar dennes behov och när det finns ett intresse för produkten i sig.Mängden kunskap om problemen i produktionen ökar chansen att konsumenten handlar etiskt men saknas tillgänglig information om produkterna och återförsäljare så finns det en risk att den etiska konsumenten väljer andra produkter framför etiska produkter. Företagen måste inse vikten av att göra sig tillgängliga och sina produkter attraktiva. Studien tyder på att företag, både med och utan etiska koncept, måste ha god kännedom om sina kunder. Även den etiska konsumenten har olika behov beroende av var den befinner sig i livet. Produkterna och marknadsföring av dem bör följaktligen anpassas till den aktuella situationen.The textile and fashion industry increasingly gain attention for not being a sustainable industry. As a result a range of fashion brands have been launched. They consider the impact on the environment and people within the production, why the products from these producers are called ethical fashion. The brands and the stores offering ethical fashion have customers who consider ethical aspects when they buy clothes, so called ethical consumers.Since research on Swedish ethical consumers is limited the authors of this thesis found it interesting to take a closer look at them. Previous research has noticed a gap between the ethical consumers’ attitude towards ethical fashion and their actual consumer behaviour, an attitude-behaviour gap.The purpose of this thesis is to understand, describe and explain what directs the Swedish ethical consumer's choice to buy or not to buy ethical fashion clothes, in order to increase the understanding of how companies can reduce the existing attitude- behaviour gap.A study with a qualitative approach has been carried out. The aim was not to be able to give answers or make any generalization, instead to understand the meaning behind the group of ethical consumers whose behaviour have been studied. For the gathering of empirical data, focus groups and unstructured interviews have been used as method. The empirical data has been analyzed using relevant background information, literature on the topic, previous research and theories about consumer behaviour, specifically ethical consumer behaviour.The outcome from the empirical data indicates that ethical consumers are characterized by being empathetic and to care more about the well-being of their environment than their personal financial gain. Their intentions are to buy ethical clothes, however this study support previous studies which have shown that ethical consumers not always act according to their ethical intentions. For ethical consumers, just like regular consumers, price and design are factors that have impact on their buying decisions. This qualitative study indicates that the ethical consumer buy ethical products when the products match their needs and when they have an interest in the product itself. The quantity of knowledge about the ethical problems increases the chance that the consumer will buy ethical products, but if information about the products and the retailers is not available there is a risk that the ethical consumer chooses other products instead of ethical ones. It is essential for companies to realize the importance of being available and making their products attractive. The study suggests that companies, both with and without ethical concepts, need to have good knowledge about their customers. Also the ethical consumers have different needs depending on where in life they are. The products and how marketing is used on them must therefore be adjusted accordingly to this.
Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

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Kemp, Frederick Willem. "Ethical codes for training staff in South African collieries : a case study / F.W. Kemp." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6393.

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The title of the research is "Ethical codes for training staff in South African Collieries -a case study". The research was conducted in coal mining training centres in the Free State, Gauteng and the Mpumulanga provinces of South Africa. The objective of the research was to examine ethical codes currently in place internationally and locally. Based on this research the research was then focused on its contribution to the human resource development arena. South African coal mining training centres staff were interviewed regarding how they perceived ethical codes and ethical conduct and the importance of these concepts to their daily work lives. It was found that training staff were aware of ethical behaviour and conduct. Factors such as age, the type of professional association a person belongs to were found to be significant. Recommendations were made regarding further research on ethical conduct in other mining products, companies a for human resource development practises.
Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

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Khan, Mohammad Rashed. "The effects of culture and leadership behaviour on ethical practices in managing labour within the UK and Bangladesh readymade garment industry." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2018. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/1973/.

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During the 21st century there has been a rapid globalization. Consequently, numbers of multinational companies in developed countries are outsourcing many industrial production and services to developing countries. In the clothing sector of UK, businesses source textile products from Bangladesh due to lower material and labour costs in this country. Cultures and leaders’ leadership behaviour of these countries are not same. For that reason, both countries have different labour management system in their readymade garment industry. In UK, rules and regulations are very strict, employee safety is very important, and employees get a fixed national minimum wage or more in every sector including textile industry. But records from last few decades show in Bangladesh who supplies a huge amount of readymade garment product to UK, thousands of garment workers have been killed in unsafe workplace. In 2012 there was a fire in a clothing factory and a building collapsed in the year 2013, in Bangladesh. This led to number of deaths of the people who worked in these factories. These workers were actually producing clothings for retailers those who are from countries such as U.S., Canada and Europe. Eighty percent of the workers were young women, 18-20 years of age, toiling 90 to 100 hours a week with just two days off a month and their monthly salary is not more than £60. From these incidents, ethical practices in managing labour and the total HRM issues need to be focused on. Also, there is an effect of cross-culture and leadership behaviour in RMG industry of UK and Bangladesh. Therefore, this study intends to investigate whether there are effects of culture and leadership behaviour on ethical labour management in the readymade garment industry of Bangladesh and UK. This research will analyse and compare the interrelationships between UK and Bangladesh, their cultures and leaders’ leadership behaviour and consider how they influence businesses (Readymade Garment sector’s) in terms of ethical practices in managing labour. The study carried out with a mixed method research design considering pragmatism philosophical view and has taken case study research strategy. To construct the research questions and develop the hypotheses, both countries’ culture and leadership behaviour of leaders in the readymade garment industries are observed, as well as staff and leaders have been interviewed which also led to set up the case studies and questionnaire to collect quantitative data. The studied clothing retails from UK include Arcadia, F&F-Tesco, George-Asda, M&S, Next, Primark, and River Island. Studied factories from Bangladesh include Sailor Moon Sweater Ltd, Trims Zone Ltd, Aviator, Epyllion Group, Palmall Group, Hannan Fashions, New Age Ltd, Jeans Express Ltd, Devine Garments, Fahim Fashion World. Bangladesh case studies also include, Rana Plaza incident, Fire in Tazreen Fashions, and Fire in Smart Export Garment. Collected empirical data were analysed statistically, graphically and narratively to compare HR practices, leadership behaviour, the cultural differences and perceptions of organizations with regard to ethical labour management in RMG industry of Bangladesh and UK.

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Karimi, Sameer, Yasen Stoev, and Olle Zander. "Ethical Issues in E-Permission Marketing : A study of how consumer behaviour is affected by unethical practices involving E-Permission Marketing." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36246.

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Kořítková, Lucie. "Společensky odpovědné chování zákazníků." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76503.

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The aim of the work is to compare the shopping conditions for socially responsible consumer in the Czech Republic and Germany and at the same time the attitude of the consumers to this issue in the given countries. In the theoretical part of the work the concept of CSR is defined first followed by the concept of customer social responsibility. In the practical part there are described shopping conditions for socially responsible customer based on research in supermarkets in both countries. At the end of the work the results of the questionaires are sumed up.

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Hogan, Stephen P. "Creating parental trust in children's toy brands : the antecedents and dimensions of trustworthy behaviour of toy companies." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5332.

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Based around a case study of the traditional toy industry, the research examines how companies create trust with parents, the main toy purchasers, and the importance of ethical behaviour in trust development when a vulnerable community is involved. Previous literature has revealed that trust leads to mutually beneficial company-consumer relationships but scholars have failed to agree on its definition, dimensions or measurement due to its complexity, diversity and intangibility. Few have distinguished between 'trustworthiness' as a moral quality of organisations and 'trust', which is a consumer judgement about companies and brands, made as part of their purchase deliberations. A review of the literature led to the development of a framework of trustworthy behaviour identifying five sets of antecedents (organisational, individual, control, relational and branding factors) and four key dimensions with related variables - 'Integrity' and 'Benevolence', relating to ethical constructs and 'Commitment' and 'Satisfaction', relating to organisational constructs. The model was then substantiated through qualitative research with a sample of senior managers in 12 leading toy companies and other stakeholders including industry body representatives, retailers and parents. The findings revealed that in a challenging economic climate, trust in toy companies is being driven principally by the marketing offer and by external influencers such as legislators, retailers, licensors, and the media. Examples of good ethical practices were identified, although often unnoticed by consumers, and the worthier companies, for whom trustworthiness was important, appeared to be faring less well economically than companies selling third party brands. Consumers' trust was significant in the preschool market but diminished in importance as children matured when their influence overrode parents' more rational purchase considerations. The research revealed a paradox that parents as well as children are vulnerable consumers who are often bypassed in the marketing process. Whatever children's consumer rights, there will always be a lack of trust in the industry whilst young children rather than parents are so blatantly targeted.

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Angelis, Dimitrios, and Kyriaki Anastasopoulou. "The impact of ethical and participative leadership on innovative work behaviour in tech firms : The role of self-efficacy and creative process engagement." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20857.

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Background: Nowadays, companies from the technological sector confront extreme competition and itis always a challenge for leadership teams to increase competitiveness. This study aims to investigateinnovation advancement within tech companies in an international context from the leadership andmanagement incentives point of view. Leadership plays a vital role in giving direction to the path anorganization should follow. It is of significant interest to examine how leadership can drive anorganization to innovative thinking. Different approaches and leadership styles can be adopted andpracticed by leaders to produce different outcomes on employees’ creative culture. Additionally,individual characteristics of the employees such as self-efficacy and creativity may allow the innovativebehaviours to strive and create a workplace culture that is inducing innovative output. Innovative workbehaviour is becoming more popular or even mandatory within several firms in the technological sectorin contrast to previous decades. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how ethical leadership and participative leadershipstyle can affect innovative work behaviour and to examine if the creative process engagement and selfefficacylead to enhanced innovative work behaviour. Methodology: For this thesis a quantitative approach for data collection, as well as data analysis is used.This study is based on a SEM model which contains close-ended questions that were answered througha self-administrated questionnaire. The survey was answered by employees working at companies fromthe field of technology, covering different positions. A total of 177 respondents answered thequestionnaire, and the results were analysed both in quantitative and qualitative ways. IBM SPSSsoftware was used for the statistical analysis, and AMOS 26 for the Structural Equation Modeling tests. Results: The results of the statistical analysis performed unveiled that the aspects of ethical andparticipative leadership can positively affect creativity and innovation and that self-efficacy canpositively relate to creative process engagement.Conclusion: This study contributes in showing that two positive ways of management, ethical andparticipative can be introduced by leaders that are interested in increasing creativeness and innovationat work; it also shows that for the sample tested, ethical and participative leadership does not necessarilyhas a major effect on employee’s self-efficacy. Delimitations: The geographical locations, the time and sample size, the choice of participatingorganizations, and the framework designed for the evaluation of the theoretical problem are consideredas limitations for this study. This research is mainly limited to professionals working in the technologicalsector and the study is restricted in time since the participants had to answer in a certain time frame. Toconclude, the sample size of the survey even though is satisfactory for its intended use, could be higher.

Presentation was conducted via video link and were chaired by Anders Wrenne.

Anders Wrenne e-mail: anders.wrenne@bth.se

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Bimpli, Iva. "Investigating Ethical Decision Making in Marketing Research: An Exploratory Study Towards the Interaction of Different Moral Agents in Marketing Research." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14401.

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Mokhlis, Safiek. "The influence of religion on retail patronage behaviour in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/87.

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Although culture and subcultural norms have been subjected to increased scrutiny in recent years as explanatory constructs for various dimensions of consumer behaviours, religion as a subsystem of culture has received only slight attention in the marketing literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the religious influences on some selected aspects of consumer behaviour. Utilising consumer behaviour model of retail patronage as a framework, religious influences on the following aspects of consumer behaviour were examined: lifestyle, use of information source, shopping orientation, store attribute importance and store patronage. Consistent with previous research, religion was viewed from two different perspectives namely religious affiliation and religiosity. Religious affiliation is the adherence of individuals to a particular religious group while religiosity, or religious commitment, is the degree in which beliefs in specific religious values and ideals are espoused and practiced by an individual. Fieldwork for this study was carried out in Malaysia where the populace contains sizable percentages of adherents to four of the world’s leading religions, namely Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity. The research data was collected by means of a survey through personal interviews with a structured questionnaire. Out of three hundred respondents targeted, two hundred and twenty-six questionnaires were deemed usable for statistical analysis. Statistical tests were calculated using statistical procedures of SPSS version 11.5. The main statistical techniques used include exploratory factor analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings indicated significant differences between religious affiliation groups in the areas of lifestyle, store attributes and store patronage. Significant differences between religiosity groups were also revealed in the areas of lifestyle, information source, shopping orientation and importance of store attributes. The usefulness of religious variables was further tested using multiple linear regression analysis with demographics and lifestyles were entered as extraneous variables. Results indicated that when the effect of other predictor variables were explicitly controlled (i.e. held constant) during the regression analysis, religious affiliation appeared to influence the perceived importance of store attributes. Intrapersonal religiosity, when controlling for the effect of other predictor variables, appeared to influence the use of information source, shopping orientation and perceived importance of store attributes. Similarly, interpersonal religiosity, when controlling for the effect of other predictor variables, was found to influence the use of information source, shopping orientation and importance of store attributes. Overall, findings indicated that consumer religiosity, as compared to religious affiliation, was more useful in predicting aspects of retail patronage activities. Thus it is suggested that religiosity variable should be given consideration in future patronage behaviour model building and research efforts. The implications of these results for theories of consumer behaviour along with the practical implications of the findings were discussed and opportunities for future research were provided.

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De, Kock Freda. "Factors influencing nurses’ attitudes towards caring for dying patients in oncology settings in the Western Cape Metropole." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6753.

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Thesis (MCur)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The National Cancer Association of South Africa estimates that over 80,000 of South Africans currently die from cancer each year, whilst statistics show an increase in newly diagnosed cancer cases. Despite an improvement in cure rates, cancer, because of its association with pain, suffering and death, still affects human beings in their totality. It has been demonstrated that effective psychosocial care, as provided by oncology nurses, improve the outcomes for cancer patients. Therefore, nurses’ attitudes towards caring for patients that are dying are of vital importance to the quality of care provided to these patients. Attitudes towards caring for patients that are dying may be influenced by the demographic factors of oncology nurses, such as age, workplace and years of experience in oncology. It may also depend on the degree of work satisfaction and by the nature of the work environment, particularly regarding the level of support being offered to the nurse. The purpose of this study hence was to explore the influences of demographic and work environment factors on nurses’ attitudes towards caring for patients that are dying in oncology settings in the Western Cape Metropole. The objectives of this study were to determine oncology nurses’ attitudes towards caring for patients that are dying, to determine the degree of work satisfaction experienced by these nurses, to determine the perceived supportive nature of their work environments, and to establish and examine any relationships between oncology nurses’ attitudes towards caring for patients that are dying and demographic factors, work satisfaction and a supportive work environment. This study was theoretically underpinned by Paterson and Zderad’s (quoted in Praeger, 2002) humanistic nursing theory and Peplau’s (quoted in Belcher & Brittian Fish, 2002) interpersonal relations in nursing theory, because of their relevance to palliative care. A quantitative research approach, with a descriptive design, was selected to conduct the study. The target population was all the oncology nurses, caring for patients that are dying in palliative and oncology settings in the Western Cape Metropole. A convenience sample of 127 oncology nurses was selected in three different, but typical oncology settings, namely a state hospital, a private hospital and three hospices. Data was collected by means of a selfreporting questionnaire. A pilot study was done, in order to assure the validity and reliability of the data collection instrument. Ethical approval was obtained in advance from the Ethical Research Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Stellenbosch. Written consent was obtained beforehand from the managers of the three oncology settings where the research was conducted, as well as from the participants. The main findings of this study were that the majority of the respondents displayed positive attitudes towards caring for patients that are dying. In addition, most of the respondents experienced a high degree of work satisfaction and also regarded their work environments as supportive. Significant relationships were found between positive attitudes towards caring for patients that are dying and: • hospice settings; • higher age and; • rank of the professional nurse. The overall recommendation that was made was that continuing education in all aspects of palliative care be regarded as an essential strategy in maintaining and further enhancing positive attitudes amongst oncology nurses towards caring for patients that are dying. In addition, coping strategies needed to be widely implemented to help oncology nurses cope with their emotions and anxieties.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Nasionale Kankervereniging van Suid-Afrika beraam dat meer as 80,000 Suid-Afrikaners huidig jaarliks aan kanker sterf, terwyl statistieke ‘n toename in die aantal nuwe gevalle van kanker toon. Ten spyte van ‘n toename in die sukses van behandeling, beïnvloed kanker, weens sy assosiasie met pyn, lyding en die dood, steeds die mens in sy totaliteit. Dit is bewys dat effektiewe psigososiale versorging deur onkologiese verpleegkundiges die uitkomstes van pasiënte met kanker verbeter. Daarom is die ingesteldhede van verpleegkundiges, jeens die versorging van pasiënte wat sterwend is, van kardinale belang in die kwaliteit van versorging wat aan hierdie pasiënte gebied word. Sodanige ingesteldhede mag deur demografiese faktore, soos ouderdom, werkplek, en jare ondervinding in onkologie, beїnvloed word. Dit mag ook van die mate van werksbevrediging en van die aard van die werksomgewing, spesifiek met betrekking tot die mate van ondersteuning wat aan die verpleegkundige gebied word, afhang. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om die invloed van demografiese en werksomgewingsfaktore op die ingesteldhede van onkologiese verpleegkundiges, jeens die versorging van pasiënte wat sterwend is in onkologiese afdelings in die Wes-Kaapse Metropool, te ondersoek. Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was om die ingesteldhede van verpleegkundiges jeens die versorging van pasiënte wat sterwend is te bepaal, om hulle mate van werksbevrediging te bepaal, om hul persepsie van die ondersteunende aard van hul werksomgewing te bepaal, en om enige verband tussen onkologiese verpleegkundiges se ingesteldhede jeens die versorging van pasiënte wat sterwend is en demografiese faktore, werksbevrediging en die aard van ‘n ondersteunende werksomgewing te bepaal en te ondersoek. Hierdie studie is teoreties, vanweë hul relevansie tot palliatiewe sorg, deur Paterson en Zderad (aangehaal in Praeger, 2002) se humanistiese teorie en Peplau (aangehaal in Belcher & Brittian Fish, 2002) se interpersoonlike verhouding in verplegingsteorie, onderskraag. ‘n Kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering, met ‘n beskrywende ontwerp, is gekies om die studie mee uit te voer. Die populasie het al die onkologiese verpleegkundiges, wat sterwende en palliatiewe pasiënte in kankerafdelings in die Wes-Kaapse Metropool versorg, ingesluit. ‘n Gerieflikheidsteekproef van 127 onkologiese verpleegkundiges, in drie verskillende, maar tipiese kankerinstellings, is gekies, naamlik ‘n staatshospitaal, ‘n privaathospitaal en drie hospitiums. Datainsameling is deur middel van ‘n self-gerapporteerde vraelys gedoen. ‘n Loodsstudie is uitgevoer om die geldigheid en betroubaarheid van die vraelys te verseker. Etiese goedkeuring is vooraf vanaf die Etiese Navorsingskomitee van die Fakulteit Gesondheidswetenskappe van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch verkry. Skriftelike toestemming is ook vooraf vanaf die bestuur van die instellings, waar die navorsing gedoen is, sowel as van die deelnemers verkry. Die hoofbevindings van hierdie studie was dat die meerderheid van die respondente positiewe ingesteldhede jeens die versorging van pasiënte wat sterwend is openbaar het. Boonop het die meeste respondente ’n hoë mate van werksbevrediging ervaar en hul werksomgewing as ondersteunend beskou. Beduidende verbande is getrek tussen positiewe ingesteldhede jeens die versorging van pasiënte wat sterwend is, en: • versorging in hospitiums; • hoër ouderdom en; • rang van professionele verpleegkundige. Die algemene aanbeveling wat gemaak kon word was dat deurlopende opleiding in alle aspekte van palliatiewe sorg, as ‘n grondliggende strategie beskou moet, ten einde positiewe ingesteldhede ten opsigte van die versorging van pasiënte wat sterwend is onder onkologiese verpleegundiges te behou en verder aan te moedig. Voorts behoort strategieë geïmplementeer te word om onkologiese verpleegkundiges te help met die hantering van hul emosionale behoeftes en vrese.

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Bertilsson, Linda, and Emma Ring. "Etiska konsumenter : Gapet mellan intentioner och handlingar." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14076.

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Forskning bekräftar att ett gap mellan intention och handling finns. Denna studie belyser etiska konsumenter samt gapet mellan att vilja handla etiskt och hållbart men att inte alltid göra det. Fokus har legat på att ta reda på varför detta gap uppstår och att skapa en förståelse för de faktorer som påverkar konsumenters köpbeteenden. En avgränsning till klädbranschen har gjorts då det finns begränsat med forskning kring gapet inom detta område samt ett till synes begränsat utbud av etiska och hållbara kläder. Genom en kvalitativ metod har 37 semistrukturerade intervjuer gjorts. Intervjuerna har ägt rum i två olika köpcentrum i Sverige. Resultatet visar att det finns respondenter som känner igen sig i det så kallade gapet och de främsta faktorerna respondenterna menar påverkar deras handlingar är pris, hållbara kläder ansågs dyra, informationsbrist, svårt att veta vad som är hållbart och inte samt bekvämlighet, orken att söka information på egen hand är begränsad. Det framkom även att en bristande tillit till det media och företag kommunicerar finns från konsumenternas sida och att detta kan vara en bidragande faktor till att gapet uppstår. Respondenter uttryckte att det aldrig finns några garantier för att de produkter som sägs vara tillverkade under bra förhållanden faktiskt är det. En slutsats om att det inom klädbranschen finns mycket för företag att arbeta med för att öka sin trovärdighet gentemot konsumenterna har kunnat dras. Det ligger dock även ett ansvar hos konsumenter att våga göra sin röst hörd samt att vara öppna för förändring. Det är en ömsesidig relation mellan företag, individer och samhälle
Consumers’ intentions don’t always result in actions. This study focuses on ethical consumers in order to investigate why a gap between intention and action occur. Based on this an improved understanding for the underlying factors that impact buying behaviour is created. A delimitation has been made to focus this study on retail apparel and ethical and sustainable clothes. Some factors have been seen to be of bigger importance to the gap than others, such as price, lack of information and convenience. The results also imply that there is a missing trust from the consumers’ point of view when it comes to trusting what is communicated about ethical and sustainable work within the clothing industry.

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Friberg, Sanna, and Filip Tu. "Students' Attitude-Behaviour Gap : And the Effect of Corporate Social Irresponsibility in the Fast Fashion Industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35661.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethical behaviour'

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