Academic literature on the topic 'Ethanol; Lignocellulosic residues'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ethanol; Lignocellulosic residues"
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Yadav, Ram Kailash P., Arbindra Timilsina, Rupesh K. Yadawa, and Chandra P. Pokhrel. "Potential Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Organic Residues of Agro-Based Industries in Nepal." ISRN Renewable Energy 2014 (January 20, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/305695.
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With the objective of exploring the potential of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic wastes from major agro-based industries in Nepal, four types of major industries using raw materials from agriculture are selected as sources of lignocellulosic residues. They include a sugar industry, a paper industry, a tobacco industry, and a beer industry. Data from secondary/primary sources were used to record organic residues from these industries and estimates were made of potential production of bioethanol from them. About 494892.263 tons of dry bagasse could be produced if the total production of sugarcane in Nepal is taken to the sugar industry which means that about 138569.833 KL of bioethanol could be produced (in the year 2011/12). Similarly, the dry biomass residue produced from the paper mill is 86.668 ton/year that could produce 24.267 KL of bioethanol. The lignocellulosic residue from tobacco field in Nepal is approximately 18.826 ton/year that has potential to produce 5.836 KL of bioethanol. The dry biomass residue produced in beer industry amounts to 155.0596 ton/year that can yield about 63.5744 KL of bioethanol. It is estimated that about 57,841.3754 KL of bioethanol could be produced when these residues are fully utilized in producing bioethanol. If E10 is used in total import of petrol, about 20246.7 KL of bioethanol could be utilized, and the rest 37,594.6754 KL of bioethanol could be utilized for many other purposes.
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Kotarska, Katarzyna, Wojciech Dziemianowicz, and Anna Świerczyńska. "Study on the Sequential Combination of Bioethanol and Biogas Production from Corn Straw." Molecules 24, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 4558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244558.
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The objective of this study was to obtain two types of fuels, i.e., bioethanol and biogas, in a sequential combination of biochemical processes from lignocellulosic biomass (corn straw). Waste from the agricultural sector containing lignocellulose structures was used to obtain bioethanol, while the post-fermentation (cellulose stillage) residue obtained from ethanol fermentation was a raw material for the production of high-power biogas in the methane fermentation process. The studies on obtaining ethanol from lignocellulosic substrate were based on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) method, which is a simultaneous hydrolysis of enzymatic cellulose and fermentation of the obtained sugars. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (D-2) in the form of yeast cream was used for bioethanol production. The yeast strain D-2 originated from the collection of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology. Volatile compounds identified in the distillates were measured using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). CH4 and CO2 contained in the biogas were analyzed using a gas chromatograph in isothermal conditions, equipped with thermal conductivity detector (katharometer) with incandescent fiber. Our results show that simultaneous saccharification and fermentation enables production of bioethanol from agricultural residues with management of cellulose stillage in the methane fermentation process.
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Hoa, Doan Thai, Tran Dinh Man, and Ngo Viet Hau. "PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 25, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.264.
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The cost of raw materials continues to be a limiting factor in the production of bio-ethanol from traditional raw materials, such as sugar and starch. At the same time, there are large amount of agricultural residues as well as industrial wastes that are of low or negative value (due to costs of current effluent disposal methods). Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of elephant grass and wood residues for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose has been investigated in this study. Elephant grass (agricultural residue) and sawdust (Pulp and Paper Industry waste) with a small particulate size were treated using different dilute sulfuric acid concentrations at a temperature of 140-170°C within 0.5-3 hours. The appropriate pretreatment conditions give the highest yield of soluble saccharides and total reducing sugars.
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Evangelista, Igor Vieira, Adam Gonçalves Arruda, Larissa Soares de Menezes, Janaína Fischer, and Carla Zanella Guidini. "Physicochemical characterization of agro-industrial residues for second-generation ethanol production." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (July 13, 2021): e33110817151. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17151.
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Ethanol production from renewable sources, such as lignocellulosic materials, is already underway in several countries. The interest in the technology stems from concerns about global warming and the environmental impacts of solid waste disposal. Moreover, the conversion of agro-industrial wastes into ethanol is a value-adding strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of three lignocellulosic materials— rice straw bran, sugarcane bagasse, and corn peel bran—and determine, on the basis of these analyses, their suitability as feedstocks for second-generation ethanol production. Physicochemical characterization included the determination of particle size, moisture, ash, total solids, water activity, crude fat, protein, total extractives, soluble and insoluble lignin, holocellulose, cellulose, hemicellulose, and total carbohydrates. Rice straw bran is composed of 38.33% cellulose and 19.73% hemicellulose, sugarcane bagasse is composed of 27.09% cellulose and 5.61% hemicellulose, and corn peel bran is composed of 55.75% cellulose and 12.93% hemicellulose. The characterization showed the high concentration of cellulose in the residue of the corn peel bran. The results indicate that the three biomasses are suitable raw materials for biofuel production.
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Cavalaglio, Gianluca, Mattia Gelosia, Silvia D’Antonio, Andrea Nicolini, Anna Pisello, Marco Barbanera, and Franco Cotana. "Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production from the Recovery of Stranded Driftwood Residues." Energies 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2016): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9080634.
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Alcívar-Mendoza, Pablo, José Muñoz-Murillo, Christhel Andrade-Díaz, and Alex Dueñas-Rivadeneira. "Saccharification and fermentation of the lignocellulosic residues of the orange to obtain bioalcohol." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia 38, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 718–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47280//revfacagron(luz).v38.n3.14.
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The production and consumption of oranges generates a large amount of lignocellulosic waste that is deposited in landfills without receiving any type of treatment that allows it to be used as by-products. The objective of the present investigation was to obtain bioalcohol through the saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic residues of the peel of the orange (Citrus sinensis). Three (3) different levels of sulfuric acid were used as treatment, to alter the lignocellulosic structure of the biomass, subsequently, a hydrolysis with cellulase enzymes was carried out, analyzing the presence of reducing sugars by spectrophotometry. The fermentation was carried out with two (2) different concentration levels of Sacharomyces cerevisiae yeast, subsequently, it was distilled and the presence of volatile organic compounds was determined by gas chromatography. The reducing sugars present in the highest proportion were: glucose (26.6 ± 0.77 g.L-1) and fructose (21.26 ± 0.51 g. L-1); the volatile organic compound with the highest concentration was ethanol (76.96%) and the index with the highest bioalcohol yield was obtained with the treatment with the highest concentration of sulfuric acid and yeast (12.72 ± 0.65 g. L-1); Orange peels are by-products of vegetable origin that can be used for the production of bioalcohol with percentages of ethanol higher than 76%.
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Rahimi, Vajiheh, Marzieh Shafiei, and Keikhosro Karimi. "Techno-Economic Study of Castor Oil Crop Biorefinery: Production of Biodiesel without Fossil-Based Methanol and Lignoethanol Improved by Alkali Pretreatment." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101538.
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Castor, a non-edible oil crop that flourishes even under extreme cultivation conditions, can be cultivated in wastewater with a lower cultivation cost than similar plants, e.g., rapeseed and soybean. This plant, containing seeds and lignocellulosic residues, has a promising perspective for biofuel production. The oil extracted from the seeds is inexpensive and can be efficiently converted to biodiesel, while the lignocellulosic parts are suitable for ethanol production after pretreatment with NaOH. Biodiesel typically produced from the fossil-based methanol; however, it can also be produced from the ethanol. In this study, ethanol used for biodiesel production is produced from the lignocellulosic residues (scenario 1), which are more sustainable and environmentally friendly; the process was compared with that of the methanol (scenario 2). In this study, techno-economic analyses were used to compare the technical and economic aspects of producing biodiesel from methanol and the produced ethanol. Simulations of the processes were carried out by Aspen plus software, and economic studies were conducted by Aspen Economic Analyzer. The prices of produced ethanol as a byproduct in scenarios 1 and 2 were USD 0.701 and 0.693 per liter, respectively, which are greater than that of gasoline. The prices of biodiesel produced as a primary product for scenarios 1 and 2 are USD 0.410 and 0.323/L, lower than the price of diesel in the Middle East region. The profitability indices for scenarios 1 and 2 are 1.29 and 1.41, respectively. Therefore, despite environmental benefits, the biorefinery based on producing biodiesel from methanol is more economically feasible than that produced from ethanol.
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Broda, Magdalena, Daniel J. Yelle, and Katarzyna Serwańska. "Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass—Challenges and Solutions." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 8717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248717.
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Regarding the limited resources for fossil fuels and increasing global energy demands, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change, there is a need to find alternative energy sources that are sustainable, environmentally friendly, renewable, and economically viable. In the last several decades, interest in second-generation bioethanol production from non-food lignocellulosic biomass in the form of organic residues rapidly increased because of its abundance, renewability, and low cost. Bioethanol production fits into the strategy of a circular economy and zero waste plans, and using ethanol as an alternative fuel gives the world economy a chance to become independent of the petrochemical industry, providing energy security and environmental safety. However, the conversion of biomass into ethanol is a challenging and multi-stage process because of the variation in the biochemical composition of biomass and the recalcitrance of lignin, the aromatic component of lignocellulose. Therefore, the commercial production of cellulosic ethanol has not yet become well-received commercially, being hampered by high research and production costs, and substantial effort is needed to make it more widespread and profitable. This review summarises the state of the art in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, highlights the most challenging steps of the process, including pretreatment stages required to fragment biomass components and further enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, presents the most recent technological advances to overcome the challenges and high costs, and discusses future perspectives of second-generation biorefineries.
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Liu, Na, Jienan Chen, Peng Zhan, Lin Zhang, Xiaoxun Zhou, Baiquan Zeng, Zhiping Wu, and Hui Wang. "Optimization of mixed enzymolysis of acid-exploded poplar wood residues for directional bioconversion." BioResources 15, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 1945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1945-1958.
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Enzymolysis is a key bioconversion process of lignocellulosic biomass. The optimization of enzymolysis is important for its efficiency and accuracy. There is potential to solve the problem of low reducing sugar in the conversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol. In this study, mixed cellulases (cellulase and β-glucosidase) were used in the enzymolysis of acid-exploded poplar wood residues. The mixed enzymolysis process was optimized by response surface area test, and its kinetics model was established based on the Michaelis-Menten equation. The optimal parameters of the mixed enzymolysis were: initial, pH 5.2; temperature, 46 °C; and cellulase to β-glucosidase ratio, 1.62. These parameters resulted in enzymatic saccharification efficiency 1.3 times as high as that of the control (conducted with un-optimized parameters). The modeling revealed that there was a strong correlation (R2 = 0.97) between substrate concentration and reaction rate. Multiple simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (MSSCF) developed in the laboratory was also employed to verify the optimal parameters. The mixed enzymolysis process carried out with the optimal parameters achieved an ethanol concentration of 30.09 ± 0.49 g/L, which was 1.64 times higher than that conducted with un-optimized parameters. The fermentation time was also reduced by 24 h. Overall, the optimization of mixed enzymolysis process could enhance the efficiency of lignocellulosic directional conversion to bioethanol.
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Azmi, Intan Suhada, Amizon Azizan, Ruzitah Mohd Salleh, Rafidah Jalil, Tengku Elida Tengku Zainal Mulok, Nadzeerah Idris, Sandra Ubong, and Aimi Liyana Sihab. "Biomaterials Availability: Potential for Bioethanol Production." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.243.
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Over the last decade, there has been increasing research interest in the value of biosourced materials from lignocellulosic biomass. Abundant sources of lignocellulosic biomass such as palm,napiergrass,luceanatree, urban waste, municipal solid waste, agricultural waste and other waste have the potential to become a sustainable source of biofuel. In Malaysia, dissolution of cellulose from palm biomass to produce ethanol as future biofuels is very promising since palm residues from palm industry are highly abundant. In addition, cellulose contents in palm wastes or residues are relatively high for instance from empty fruit bunch or palm trunk. An efficient pretreatment is highly required prior to processes which convert the lignocellulosic palm biomass to bioethanol. The kinds of processes needed nowadays are called as green technology based techniques which are environmental friendly. Various solvents have been applied to dissolve cellulose including various types of ionic liquid as well. Previously, other method such as acid hydrolysis pretreatment process cause many drawbacks due to their low rates of hydrolysis and extreme acidic conditions. The dissolution process of the lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids is at its better advantage due to better dissolution as compared to by using organic or inorganic solvents. Therefore, at the moment, ionic liquid is becoming more preferable in dissolving the lignocellulosic biomass or any palm residues for instance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethanol; Lignocellulosic residues"
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Dong, Jie. "Butanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass and Agriculture Residues by Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404312445.
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Lopes, Daiane Dias, and Ronald E. Hector. "Estudos fenotípicos e genotípicos do mecanismo de transporte de xilose em leveduras selvagens para a produção de etanol de segunda geração." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/168801.
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A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, amplamente utilizada na conversão de glicose e frutose a etanol, não é capaz de fermentar a xilose presente na biomassa lignocelulósica de resíduos agroindustriais. Apesar da introdução da via metabólica dessa pentose em linhagens de S. cerevisiae, a fermentação da xilose simultaneamente com outros açúcares ainda é pouco eficiente. A proposta deste trabalho foi aumentar a eficiência do consumo da xilose por linhagens de S. cerevisiae introduzindo genes de transportadores exógenos identificados em leveduras selvagens que naturalmente fermentam pentoses. A via do metabolismo da xilose foi integrada no genoma de uma linhagem industrial brasileira de S. cerevisiae usada na produção de etanol. A partir desta, linhagens isogênicas foram criadas e mostraram ser mais eficientes no metabolismo da xilose em meio sintético e capazes de co-fermentar glicose e xilose na presença de altas concentrações de inibidores resultantes da hidrólise da biomassa lignocelulósica. Os tranportadores identificados foram testados nas linhagens industriais geneticamente modificadas criadas neste estudo e em linhagens laboratoriais. Não foi possível confirmar a eficiência dos transportadores nas linhagens, embora os resultados mostraram diferenças nas curvas de crescimento das linhagens industriais expressando os transportadores. Este trabalho foi o início de um estudo dos fatores envolvidos no metabolismo da xilose e servirá como base para que futuros trabalhos sejam realizados na obtenção de uma linhagem mais eficiente para produção de etanol de segunda geração.The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which efficiently ferments glucose and fructose to ethanol, is unable to ferment xylose present in lignocellulosic biomass of agroindustrial residues. Although the introduction of xylose metabolic pathways in S. cerevisiae strains has been described in the literature, the simultaneous fermentation of xylose and glucose in these modified strains is still very inefficient. The aim of this study was to increase the xylose consumption efficiency of S. cerevisiae by introduction of exogenous genes identified in wild yeast that naturally ferment pentose. The xylose metabolism pathway was integrated into the genome of a Brazilian industrial strain of S. cerevisiae used for the production of ethanol, which was then used to obtain isogenic modified strains. The isogenic strains showed to be more effective in xylose metabolism in synthetic medium and able to co-ferment glucose and xylose in the presence of high concentrations of inhibitors resulting hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. The transporters identified were inserted into genetically modified industrial strains of S. cerevisiae created in this study and also in laboratory strains. It was not possible to confirm the transporters efficiency in laboratory strains but the results showed differences in the growth curves of the industrial strains expressing the transporters. This work was the beginning of a study of the factors involved in xylose metabolism and it will help to prepare future work to obtain an efficient strain for lignocellulosic ethanol production.
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Lennartsson, Patrik. "Zygomycetes and cellulose residuals : hydrolysis, cultivation and applications." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3608.
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Zygomycetes is a class of fungi living worldwide as saprobes, as part of mycorrhizae, and as parasites. Humans have used some zygomycetes for centuries in the production of traditional foods, e.g. Indonesian tempe. In the present thesis, the experimental focus was on two zygomycetes strains, Mucor indicus CCUG 22424 and Rhizopus sp. IT. One of the distinguishing features of M. indicus is its dimorphism. The different cell forms were influenced by the culturing conditions. After inoculation, when the initial spore concentration was high (6-8×106 spores/ml), yeast-like growth dominated under anaerobic conditions. With a smaller inoculum, yielding 1-2×105 spores/ml, and access to oxygen, filamentous forms dominated. Only negligible differences in ethanol yield (390-420 mg/g hexoses), productivity (3-5 g/l/h), and inhibitor tolerance were observed. Differential expressions of probably four genes were observed between the yeast-like and filamentous growth forms. Lignocelluloses are a suitable substrate for cultivating zygomycetes, as they occur in abundance, particularly since zygomycetes, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can utilise pentoses. Lignocelluloses require pretreatment to achieve efficient hydrolysis of the cellulose. N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) was tested for pretreatment of spruce and birch. Reducing wood chip size and/or prolonged pretreatment, promoted hydrolysis yield. Best yields were achieved from <2 mm chips and 5 h pretreatment. The hydrolysate was used for fermentation with M. indicus, resulting in 195 and 175 mg ethanol/g wood, and 103 and 86 mg fungal biomass/g wood, from spruce and birch respectively. Orange peel is another potential substrate. However, the hydrolysate contained 0.6 % (v/v) D-limonene, ten times higher than the concentration inhibiting S. cerevisiae. M. indicus was more resistant and successfully fermented the hydrolysate, producing 400 mg ethanol/g hexoses and 75 mg fungal biomass/g sugars. Both M. indicus and Rhizopus sp. grew in 1.0 % and 2.0 % D-limonene, although the latter was unable to grow in the hydrolysate. A third substrate was also used, spent sulphite liquor (SSL), which is a by-product from sulphite paper pulp mills. The SSL was diluted to 50 % and used for airlift cultivations of Rhizopus sp. In 1.0 vvm aeration, up to 340 mg biomass/g sugars was produced. Prolonged cultivations generally decreased the protein (from 500 to 300 mg/g) and lipid (from 70 to 20 mg/g) contents. In contrast, the cell wall fraction, measured as alkali-insoluble material (AIM), increased (160-280 mg/g), as did the glucosamine (GlcN) content (220-320 mg GlcN/g AIM). The produced fungal biomass could serve as animal feed, e.g. for fish.Akademisk avhandling som för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen vid Chalmers tekniska högskola försvaras vid offentlig disputation den 9 februari 2012, klockan 10.00 i KS101, Kemigården 4, Göteborg.
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Pimenta, Rodrigo João Oliveira Travassos. "Produção de açúcares fermentáveis a partir de fibras residuais de uma fábrica de papel kraft." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/90197.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Química apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaO estudo de novos tipos de energia e seus processos de produção tem sido encorajada devido ao elevado consumo energético global. A biomassa lenhocelulósica, devido à sua ubiquidade, tem sido alvo de extensos estudos com vista à produção de açúcares fermentáveis, produtos intermédios em diversos processos industriais, ou etanol. Adicionalmente, a nível industrial, são produzidas quantidades elevadas de lamas primárias que ainda podem ser reaproveitadas para a obtenção de produtos com valor acrescentado.Os processos biotecnológicos são processos de baixo custo energético e manutenção, o que os torna especialmente interessantes para aplicações e processos industriais. Dentro desses processos, encontra-se a hidrólise enzimática, um processo que recorre a enzimas, como a celulase, para transformar celulose em glucose, um açúcar fermentável, e a sacarificação e fermentação simultâneas, ou SSF, um processo que se foca na produção de bioetanol com recurso a leveduras, como a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, que consomem os açúcares simples na sua atividade metabólica.O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade das lamas primárias, provenientes de uma fábrica de papel kraft, às quais foram adicionadas fibras recicladas, para a produção direta de açúcares fermentáveis, através do processo de hidrólise enzimática e para a produção de bioetanol, através da metodologia SSF.Observou-se que a partir do processo de hidrólise enzimática, a concentração máxima de glucose obtida para as lamas primárias foi de 15,2 g L-1, resultando num rendimento teórico de hidrólise de 64,6%. Posteriormente estudou-se a aplicação de um tratamento alcalino com fosfato monopotássico, um agente que permite remover tintas, onde se obteve uma concentração de açúcares de 19,6 g L-1 ao fim de 24 h de reação.Na metodologia SSF obtiveram-se concentrações máximas de etanol de 6,2 g L-1 para as lamas primárias sem tratamento e de 6,9 g L-1 para as lamas primárias com tratamento alcalino, para uma consistência de 3% de massa de suspensão. No entanto, para as lamas com o tratamento mencionado anteriormente, e para uma consistência superior, 6%, obteve-se uma concentração máxima de etanol de 11,8 g L-1.
The study of new types of energy and their production processes has been encouraged due to the high global energy consumption. Lignocellulosic biomass, due to its ubiquity, has been the subject of extensive studies considering the production of fermentable sugars, intermediate compounds in various chemical processes, and ethanol production. Additionally, at an industrial level, high quantities of sludge are produced that can still be used to generate products with greater value.Biotechnological processes are processes with a low energy and maintenance cost, which make them especially valued for industrial applications and processes. Within these processes, enzymatic hydrolysis is a process that uses enzymes, like cellulose, to transform cellulose into glucose, a fermentable sugar, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is a process that produces bioethanol with the utilization of yeasts, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, who consume simple sugars for their metabolism to produce ethanol.The primary objective of this work was to study the viability of the primary sludge, given by a kraft paper facility, to which were added recycled fibres, for the direct production of fermentable sugars, by the use of the enzymatic hydrolysis process, and for bioethanol production, by the use of the SSF methodology.The maximum sugar concentration observed in the enzymatic hydrolysis, for the primary non-treated sludge was 15,2 g L-1, which represents a theoretical hydrolysis yield of 64,6%. Meanwhile, by applying an alkaline treatment with the aid of monopotassium phosphate, an additive that allows ink removal, a maximum sugar concentration of 19,6 g L-1 was obtained, after 24 h.In the SSF methodology, the maximum ethanol concentration was 6,2 g L-1 for the non-treated primary sludge and 6,6 g L-1 for the treated sludge, both for a mass concentration of 3%. However, for a higher consistency, 6%, a maximum ethanol concentration of 11,8 g L-1 was obtained for the treated primary sludge.
Book chapters on the topic "Ethanol; Lignocellulosic residues"
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Panchal, Hitesha J., and Krishan Kumar. "Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass and 2G Ethanol." In Biomass and Bioenergy Solutions for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainability, 322–39. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5269-1.ch018.
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Rapid depletion of fossil fuel-based energy sources increased the demand for alternate energy sources. Lignocellulosics-based 2G ethanol can be used as an alternative sustainable source that presents in ample amount. Sources of lignocellulose biomass are wood, food-agriculture wastes, and forest residues. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the core components of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulosic and hemicellulosic biomass are enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce the monomer sugar (such as glucose or xylose) which is further converted into ethanol using fermentation process. The presence of lignin provides physical barrier that limit the access of enzymes required for saccharification. Pretreatment helps in removing the lignin from biomass and reducing recalcitrance. Pretreatment can be done by conventional methods, which are chemical, physical, and biological. This study covers the different methods of pretreatment including their disadvantages and benefits along with saccharification and fermentation processes.
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GIEHL, Anderson, Thamarys SCAPINI, Helen TREICHEL, and Sérgio L. ALVES JR. "PRODUCTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY YEASTS IN BIOREFINERIES: ECOLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL OUTLOOKS." In CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS E DA SAÚDE NA ATUALIDADE: Insights para alcançar os Objetivos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 64–78. Instituto de Inteligência em Pesquisa e Consultoria Cientifica Ltda, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56041/9786599841804-4.
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Among the seventeen sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda, at least ten rely on better usage and valuation of wastes since this attitude leads to economic and sustainable development, water-food-energy security, and environmental protection. Considering the worldwide amount of daily produced agroindustrial residues and the employment of enzymes and/or microbial cells in transformation processes, biorefineries represent a growing economic sector with high potential to meet Agenda 2030's SGDs. Indeed, by employing lignocellulosic materials as feedstocks and microorganisms as catalysts, second-generation (2G) biorefineries stand out as a productive environment able to provide several high-added value compounds. This is the case for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including ethanol, produced by yeasts from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. This chapter reviews the ecological yeast-insect-angiosperm relationship that is the reason behind most of the VOCs generated in natural environments. From then on, the chapter advances to biotechnological and sustainable traits of using lignocellulosic wastes in yeast fermentation processes aiming to produce these high-added value compounds.
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Galbe, M., O. Wallberg, and G. Zacchi. "Techno-Economic Aspects of Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Agricultural Crops and Residues." In Comprehensive Biotechnology, 615–28. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-088504-9.00298-1.
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Galbe, M., O. Wallberg, and G. Zacchi. "Techno-Economic Aspects of Ethanol Production From Lignocellulosic Agricultural Crops and Residues." In Comprehensive Biotechnology, 519–31. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64046-8.00380-3.
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