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Journal articles on the topic 'ETFE membrane'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Zhang, Duo, and Xin Gao. "The Performance of Tensile Properties of ETFE Membranes at Different Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1800–1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1800.

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The tensile test specimens of ETFE (ethylene - tetrafluoroethylene copolymer) membrane have been done at 7 temperatures. It is obtained corresponding stress - strain tensile curve, tensile strength and breaking elongation. Through experiments, it is given the tensile curves at different temperatures to determine turning points on the two rigid method, which has been a turning point corresponding to the yield stress and strain; and it is given ETFE calculation of elastic modulus by tensile curve calculate the tangent modulus, secant modulus, elastic modulus of the second and third; through numerical calculation, it is measured the energy performance of ETFE membranes. The results of the experiments provide a theoretical basis of ETFE membrane to study the architecture.

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2

Lee, Seung Jae, and Su Deok Shon. "Tensile Strength Characteristics on ETFE Film for Membrane Roof System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1106.

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ETFE is the abbreviation of Ethylen Tetra Fluoro Etylene, a sort of colorless and transparent granules. The advantage ETFE film has daylight transmission and chemical resistance, the aging resistance and lightweight. The thickness of ETFE film is used to from 50μm to 300μm and tensile strength of ETFE film changes from 40MPa to 60MPa and the tensile strain at break can get to about 300-400%. In this paper, ETFE film carried out the tensile proprieties, such as the tensile strain at break, the tensile strength are examined.

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3

Wang, Xiaofeng, Zhuoran Li, and Qingshan Yang. "Numerical Studies on the Air–Membrane Interaction of ETFE Cushions." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 21, no. 05 (March 3, 2021): 2150071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421500711.

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Inflated membranes are popularly used in civil and aerospace engineering. They are flexible and their behaviors are featured by the interaction between the inner air pressure and deformation of the enveloping membrane (air–membrane interaction) which has not yet received attention in the literature. This paper aims at studying the air–membrane interaction and its influence on the static and dynamic properties of an inflated membrane by numerically analyzing a square ETFE (ethylene–tetrafluoroethylene) cushion. To account for the air–membrane interaction, the inner air was regarded as a linear potential fluid in developing the governing equations. The finite element model was derived from the discretized equations and verified through comparison with experimental results and those in the literature. Thereafter, the air–membrane interaction and its variation with influencing factors were investigated in the static and dynamic analysis by comparing results from the verified finite element model with the numerical solutions where the inner air was treated as the traction boundary conditions of the enveloping membrane. Results of this study indicate that (1) air–membrane interaction becomes more prominent with increasing external load and is gradually weakened with a rise in the frequency order; (2) air–membrane interaction makes the top membrane joined with the bottom membrane in the deformation and vibration; and (3) air–membrane interaction is strengthened with an increase in the initial inner pressure or geometric dimensions, but weakened when the membrane thickness or rise–span ratio increases. The present research is helpful to the understanding of the role the inner air plays in the behavior of inflated membranes, and may therefore improve the accuracy in analysis and the rationality in the design.

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4

Kim, Young-Ho, and Jae-Yeol Kim. "Material Properties of ETFE Membrane under Various Temperature." Journal of the Korean Association for Spatial Structures 11, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9712/kass.2011.11.3.115.

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5

Saarinen, V., M. Karesoja, T. Kallio, M. Paronen, and K. Kontturi. "Characterization of the novel ETFE-based membrane." Journal of Membrane Science 280, no. 1-2 (September 2006): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.12.064.

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6

Li, Peng, and Qing Shan Yang. "Form Finding and Loading Analysis of ETFE Cushions Using Interaction Numerical Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1812.

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The enclosed air plays a significant role in form-finding and loading analysis of ETFE cushions. A new numerical model of ETFE cushions is proposed in order to consider the interaction effects between outer membrane and internal air. Then the form-finding and loading analysis of a regular hexagon ETFE cushion are performed and compared with experimental study. It is shown that the numerical results are in good agreement with the test results. The interaction FE model can be used in static analysis of ETFE cushions.

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7

Fang, Jun, Chang Ming Zhang, and Yi Xu Yang. "Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by Radiation Grafted Copolymerization." Advanced Materials Research 485 (February 2012): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.485.110.

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Novel anion exchange membranes were synthesized by grafted copolymerization of 1-vinylimidazole onto pre-irradiated ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) film, followed by quaternization and alkalization. The structure of the membranes was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the membranes were also characterized. The ionic conductivity of the synthesized membrane is 0.03 S/cm at 30°C. This result indicates that the membrane is suitable polymer electrolyte membrane and so may find potential applications in alkaline membrane fuel cells.

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8

Wang, Lianqin, Jethro J. Brink, and John R. Varcoe. "The first anion-exchange membrane fuel cell to exceed 1 W cm−2 at 70 °C with a non-Pt-group (O2) cathode." Chem. Commun. 53, no. 86 (2017): 11771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc06392j.

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9

Zu, Jian Hua, Min Xia, Fu Xia Shi, and Rui Qin Liu. "Cation-Exchange Membranes Prepared by Pre-Irradiation Grafting of Acrylic Acid and Sodium Styrene Sulfonate onto ETFE Membranes." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1111.

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Poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) membranes were irradiated by electron beams and then acrylic acid (AA) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) were grafted onto the membranes, in an attempt to prepare cation exchange membranes containing -COOH and -SO3Na groups. The grafting yield was found to be strongly dependent on the synthesis condition such as irradiation dose, co-monomer composition. Infrared spectroscopy of the grafted membrane confirmed the existence of sulfonate and carboxylic acid groups. The membrane resistance decreases with the increasing of grafting yield

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10

Tang, Haida, Chunying Li, and Jianhua Ding. "Field study of indoor environment quality in an open atrium with ETFE membrane in a healthcare facility." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102035.

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The hospital street is widely utilized in the modern health care facilities as a main traffic streamline to connecting all of the outpatient rooms and treatment departments for easy access. This study investigate the indoor environment quality of a typical hospital street, i.e., a high space atrium with ETFE membrane structure in the top. The investigation combines the on-site measurement and subjective survey. The results indicates that the indoor air temperature in the atrium reaches up to 32.6oC in a summer day causing thermal discomfort according to ASHRAE 55. The CO2, PM2.5, TVOC concentration in the hospital street comply with the Chinese standard for hospitals. The illumination in the corridors around the atrium is below the threshold of Chinese standard, i.e., 100 lux. Due to the vibration of the light ETFE membrane structure, the noise level in rainy days is as high as 79.5 dB which causes acoustic discomfort of occupants. This study is beneficial for the design of the hospital street design with the ETFE membrane structure.

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11

Saarinen, V., T. Kallio, M. Paronen, P. Tikkanen, E. Rauhala, and K. Kontturi. "New ETFE-based membrane for direct methanol fuel cell." Electrochimica Acta 50, no. 16-17 (May 2005): 3453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2004.12.022.

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12

Tran, Tap Duy, Khiem Duy Do, Nguyen Ly La, and Tuyet Anh Luu. "Study on the structure of polymer electrolyte membrane using small angle X-ray scattering and positron annihilation spectroscopy." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, no. 6 (December 8, 2018): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1i6.630.

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The structure of poly (styrenesulfonic acid)- grafted poly(ethylene-co- tetrafluoroethylene) polymer electrolyte membrane (ETFE-PEM) was investigated by comparison with those of precursor original ETFE film and styrene-grafted films (grafted-ETFE) using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and small angle Xray scattering (SAXS). PALS of these samples indicated that there were two lifetime components, which were assigned to the annihilation of ortho- Positronium (o-Ps). The two types of o-Ps relate to the free volume at sub nanoscale locating in the crystalline and amorphous phases. SAXS profiles of these samples indicated the presence of lamellar stacks andlamellar grains. Sizes of lamellar stacks and lamellar grains varied significantly during the graftingprocess, whereas only change a little bit at sulfonation process and at wet state. A compination of PALS and SAXS allowed us to investigate the structures of ETFEPEMs with scale ranging from several Ångströms to micrometer.

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13

Zu, Jianhua, Fangdong Tang, Linfeng He, and Lingxiao Fu. "Facile synthesis and properties of a cation exchange membrane with bifunctional groups prepared by pre-irradiation graft copolymerization." RSC Advances 8, no. 46 (2018): 25966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03472a.

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14

Gao, Chang Zheng, and Hong Wei Lu. "The "ETFE" Material Application in the Subway Station Entrance Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.360.

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The paper first analysis a part of the existing subway station entrance of the form, and then combined with the Zhengzhou University (South) design of the subway station entrance, explores new forms of the subway station entrance to ETFE materials based on, and introduces some applications of new forms of expression effect and modular in the design of this kind of practice, not only for the subway station entrance to create new forms, but also the "ETFE" membrane using a good try in a small building, promote the new development of this kind of materials.

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15

Coelho, Marianna, and Deane Roehl. "A finite–strain elastoplasticity material model for ETFE membrane structures." Computers & Structures 217 (June 2019): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2019.03.007.

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16

Stimpfle, Bernd. "Einkaufscenter Titan Dome, Bogotá, Kolumbien/Shopping Mall Titan Dome, Bogotá, Columbia." Bauingenieur 90, no. 10 (2015): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0005-6650-2015-10-53.

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In großen Einkaufszentren entstehen platzartige Aufenthaltsräume. Transparente oder transluzente Hüllen erzeugen eine angenehme Atmosphäre für Besucher. Dieser Artikel beschreibt eine Anwendung mit ETFE-Folie und PTFE-Glas Membrane, um solch eine Hülle zu erzeugen.

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17

Yu, Tao, and Yanhui Zhu. "Applied Research of ETFE Membrane Gas Pillow Structure in Modern Stadiums." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 13 (April 15, 2013): 3654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.5.4504.

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18

Fang, Jun, Yixu Yang, Xiaohuan Lu, Meiling Ye, Wei Li, and Yanmei Zhang. "Cross-linked, ETFE-derived and radiation grafted membranes for anion exchange membrane fuel cell applications." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37, no. 1 (January 2012): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.09.112.

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19

Septiani, Upita, and Hitoshi Kubota. "EFFECT OF PRE- γ-IRRADIATION DOSE ON THE DURABILITY OF THE SULFONATED ETFE-G-POLYSTYRENE CONDUCTING MEMBRANES." Jurnal Riset Kimia 5, no. 2 (March 17, 2012): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v5i2.221.

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The influence of pre-g-irradiation dose on durability of the poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) film-based radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membrane was investigated. The durability of membrane was found to be strongly influence by g-ray pre-irradiation dose. The durability was tested in a 3% H2O2 aqueous solution at 60°C. The durability of the polymer electrolyte membrane with a degree of grafting of about 30% prepared by lower pre-irradiation dose was more stable than that of the membrane prepared with higher pre-irradiation dose.

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20

Lee, Wai Hin, Carol Crean, John R. Varcoe, and Rachida Bance-Soualhi. "A Raman spectro-microscopic investigation of ETFE-based radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes." RSC Adv. 7, no. 75 (2017): 47726–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09650j.

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21

Hu, Jianhui, Wujun Chen, Yu Liu, Bing Zhao, Chengjun Gao, and Deqing Yang. "Dynamic mechanical analysis of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) foils in use for transparent membrane buildings." Polymer Testing 59 (May 2017): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.01.022.

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22

Kim, Seung-Deog, Eul-Seok Jeong, and Masaya Kawabata. "An Experimental Study on Biaxial Tensile Characteristics of ETFE Film and Stress Relaxation of Tension Typed Membrane Structures." Journal of the Korean Association for Spatial Structures 16, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9712/kass.2016.16.1.035.

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23

Zhao, Zhongwei, Hongbo Liu, and Zhihua Chen. "Thermal behavior of large-span reticulated domes covered by ETFE membrane roofs under solar radiation." Thin-Walled Structures 115 (June 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2017.01.025.

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24

Hu, Jianhui, Wujun Chen, Yue Yin, Yipo Li, Deqing Yang, Haiming Wang, and Xingxing Zhang. "Electrical-thermal-mechanical properties of multifunctional OPV-ETFE foils for large-span transparent membrane buildings." Polymer Testing 66 (April 2018): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.01.036.

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25

Kinger, Niketa, Beom-Seok Ko, Joon-Yong Sohn, Young-Chang Nho, and Junhwa Shin. "Synthesis of poly((vinyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid)-grafted ETFE membrane via radiation grafting and its characterization." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 126, S2 (April 16, 2012): E349—E357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.36719.

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26

Gonçalves Biancolli, Ana Laura, Daniel Herranz, Lianqin Wang, Gabriela Stehlíková, Rachida Bance-Soualhi, Julia Ponce-González, Pilar Ocón, et al. "ETFE-based anion-exchange membrane ionomer powders for alkaline membrane fuel cells: a first performance comparison of head-group chemistry." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 47 (2018): 24330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08309f.

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27

Meng, Yu Gang, Rui Ting Huo, Chun Zhi Qi, and Ling Yu Chang. "Effect of Blending with Additives on Mechanical Properties of PVC Architectural Membrane Material." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.617.

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) architectural membrane material is a species of composite textile material. In comparison with other architectural membrane materials such as PTFE or ETFE, PVC membrane material is much cheaper, softer and easier construction feasibility. In this paper, g-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH-570), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and pellet binder (PB) were added into PVC paste, respectively. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, peel strength and tearing strength) of the coated fabric were investigated. It was found that the mechanical characteristics of PVC coated fabric were evidently affected by the addition of KH-570 in the coating paste. Both tensile strength and peel strength of PVC coated fabric were improved by the addition of KH-570. The addition of CPE into the coating paste had little effect on the mechanical properties of the coated fabric. The mechanical properties of the coated fabric were greatly improved by blending with PB, the peel strength enhanced 157% and the tensile strength increased 150N/50mm, but the tearing strength was largely reduced.

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28

Qiu, Jingyi, Mengyuan Li, Jiangfeng Ni, Maolin Zhai, Jing Peng, Ling Xu, Henghui Zhou, Jiuqiang Li, and Genshuan Wei. "Preparation of ETFE-based anion exchange membrane to reduce permeability of vanadium ions in vanadium redox battery." Journal of Membrane Science 297, no. 1-2 (July 5, 2007): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.03.042.

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29

Jeong, Eul-Seok, Masaya Kawabata, and Seung-Deog Kim. "Experimental and Analytical Study on High Stress of Tensile Membrane Structures by Stretch Fabrication Using ETFE Film." Journal of the Korean Association for Spatial Structures 14, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9712/kass.2014.14.3.085.

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30

Henriques, Bárbara J., Tânia G. Lucas, Esmeralda Martins, Ana Gaspar, Anabela Bandeira, Célia Nogueira, Otilia Brandão, Hugo Rocha, Laura Vilarinho, and Cláudio M. Gomes. "Molecular and Clinical Investigations on Portuguese Patients with Multiple acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency." Current Molecular Medicine 19, no. 7 (August 2, 2019): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524019666190507114748.

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Background: Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD) is a congenital rare metabolic disease with broad clinical phenotypes and variable evolution. This inborn error of metabolism is caused by mutations in the ETFA, ETFB or ETFDH genes, which encode for the mitochondrial ETF and ETF:QO proteins. A considerable group of patients has been described to respond positively to riboflavin oral supplementation, which constitutes the prototypic treatment for the pathology. Objectives: To report mutations in ETFA, ETFB and ETFDH genes identified in Portuguese patients, correlating, whenever possible, biochemical and clinical outcomes with the effects of mutations on the structure and stability of the affected proteins, to better understand MADD pathogenesis at the molecular level. Methods: MADD patients were identified based on the characteristic urinary profile of organic acids and/or acylcarnitine profiles in blood spots during newborn screening. Genotypic, clinical and biochemical data were collected for all patients. In silico structural analysis was employed using bioinformatic tools carried out in an ETF:QO molecular model for the identified missense mutations. Results: A survey describing clinical and biochemical features of eight Portuguese MADD patients was made. Genotype analysis identified five ETFDH mutations, including one extension (p.X618QextX*14), two splice mutations (c.34+5G>C and c.405+3A>T) and two missense mutations (ETF:QO-p.Arg155Gly and ETF:QO-p.Pro534Leu), and one ETFB mutation (ETFβ- p.Arg191Cys). Homozygous patients containing the ETFDH mutations p.X618QextX*14, c.34+5G>C and ETF:QO-p.Arg155Gly, all presented severe (lethal) MADD phenotypes. However, when any of these mutations are in heterozygosity with the known ETF:QO-p.Pro534Leu mild variant, the severe clinical effects are partly and temporarily attenuated. Indeed, the latter destabilizes an ETF-interacting loop, with no major functional consequences. However, the position 155 in ETF:QO is localized at the ubiquinone binding and membrane interacting domain, and is thus expected to perturb protein structure and membrane insertion, with severe functional effects. Structural analysis of molecular models is therefore demonstrated to be a valuable tool to rationalize the effects of mutations in the context of the clinical phenotype severity. Conclusion: Advanced molecular diagnosis, structural analysis and clinical correlations reveal that MADD patients harboring a severe prognosis mutation in one allele can actually revert to a milder phenotype by complementation with a milder mutation in the other allele. However, such patients are nevertheless in a precarious metabolic balance which can revert to severe fatal outcomes during catabolic stress or secondary pathology, thus requiring strict clinical follow-up.

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31

Pandey, T. P., M. W. Liberatore, and A. M. Herring. "FTIR Analysis of the State of Water in Radiation Grafted ETFE Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications." ECS Transactions 58, no. 1 (August 31, 2013): 1361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05801.1361ecst.

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32

VARCOE, J., and R. SLADE. "An electron-beam-grafted ETFE alkaline anion-exchange membrane in metal-cation-free solid-state alkaline fuel cells." Electrochemistry Communications 8, no. 5 (May 2006): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.03.027.

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33

Gil Pérez, Marta, Bas Rongen, Valentin Koslowski, and Jan Knippers. "Structural design, optimization and detailing of the BUGA fibre pavilion." International Journal of Space Structures 35, no. 4 (October 2, 2020): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956059920961778.

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The BUGA fibre pavilion built in April 2019 at the Bundesgartenschau in Heilbronn, Germany, is the most recent coreless fibre winding research pavilion developed from the collaboration between ICD/ITKE at the University of Stuttgart. The research goal is to create lightweight and high-performance lattice composite structures through robotic fabrication. The pavilion is composed of 60 carbon and glass fibre components, and is covered by a prestressed ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) membrane. Each of the components is hollow in section and bone-like in shape. They are joined through steel connectors at the intersecting nodes where the membrane is also supported through steel poles. The components are fabricated by coreless filament winding (CFW), a technique where fibre filaments impregnated with resin are wound freely between two rotating scaffolds by a robotic arm. This novel structural system constitutes a challenge for the designer when proving and documenting the load-carrying capacity of the design. This paper outlines and elaborates on the core methods and workflows followed for the structural design, optimization and detailing of the BUGA fibre pavilion.

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34

Geraldes, Adriana N., Heloísa A. Zen, Geise Ribeiro, Henrique P. Ferreira, Camila P. Souza, Duclerc F. Parra, Elisabete I. Santiago, and Ademar B. Lugão. "Post-irradiation time effects on the graft of poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films for ion exchange membrane application." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 79, no. 3 (March 2010): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.08.029.

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35

Zhao, Bing, and Wujun Chen. "Rate-dependent mechanical properties and elastic modulus of ETFE foils used in inflated forming of transparency air-inflated cushion membrane structures." Engineering Structures 227 (January 2021): 111404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111404.

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36

Ponce-González, Julia, Imad Ouachan, John R. Varcoe, and Daniel K. Whelligan. "Radiation-induced grafting of a butyl-spacer styrenic monomer onto ETFE: the synthesis of the most alkali stable radiation-grafted anion-exchange membrane to date." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 3 (2018): 823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10222d.

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37

Cremers, Jan, and Hannes Marx. "3D-ETFE: Development and evaluation of a new printed and spatially transformed foil improving shading, light quality, thermal comfort and energy demand for membrane cushion structures." Energy Procedia 122 (September 2017): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.306.

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38

Yan, Qi, Mingqun Lin, Weiyan Huang, Omid Teymournejad, Jennifer M. Johnson, Franklin A. Hays, Zhimin Liang, Guangpu Li, and Yasuko Rikihisa. "Ehrlichiatype IV secretion system effector Etf-2 binds to active RAB5 and delays endosome maturation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 38 (September 4, 2018): E8977—E8986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806904115.

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Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligatory intracellular bacterium, infects monocytes/macrophages by sequestering a regulator of endosomal traffic, the small GTPase RAB5, on its membrane-bound inclusions to avoid routing to host-cell phagolysosomes. How RAB5 is sequestered on ehrlichial inclusions is poorly understood, however. We found that nativeEhrlichiatranslocated factor-2 (Etf-2), a previously predicted effector of theEhrlichiatype IV secretion system, and recombinant Etf-2 (cloned into theEhrlichiagenome) are secreted into the host-cell cytoplasm and localize to ehrlichial inclusions. Ectopically expressed Etf-2–GFP also localized to inclusions and membranes of early endosomes marked with RAB5 and interacted with GTP-bound RAB5 but not with a GDP-bound RAB5. Etf-2, although lacking a RAB GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Tre2-Bub2-Cdc16 (TBC) domain, contains two conserved TBC domain motifs, namely an Arg finger and a Gln finger, and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that both Arg188and Gln245are required for Etf-2 localization to early endosomes. The yeast two-hybrid assay and microscale thermophoresis revealed that Etf-2 binds tightly to GTP-bound RAB5 but not to GDP-bound RAB5. However, Etf-2 lacks RAB5-specific GAP activity. Etf-2 localized to bead-containing phagosomes as well as endosomes containing beads coated with the C-terminal fragment of EtpE (entry-triggering protein ofEhrlichia), anEhrlichiaouter-membrane invasin, and significantly delayed RAB5 dissociation from and RAB7 localization to phagosomes/endosomes and RABGAP5 localization to endosomes. Thus, binding of Etf-2 to RAB5-GTP appears to delay RAB5 inactivation by impeding RABGAP5 localization to endosomes. This suggests a unique mechanism by which RAB5 is sequestered on ehrlichial inclusions to benefit bacterial survival and replication.

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39

Imkamp, Frank, Eva Biegel, Elamparithi Jayamani, Wolfgang Buckel, and Volker Müller. "Dissection of the Caffeate Respiratory Chain in the Acetogen Acetobacterium woodii: Identification of an Rnf-Type NADH Dehydrogenase as a Potential Coupling Site." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 22 (September 14, 2007): 8145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01017-07.

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ABSTRACT The anaerobic acetogenic bacterium Acetobacterium woodii couples caffeate reduction with electrons derived from hydrogen to the synthesis of ATP by a chemiosmotic mechanism with sodium ions as coupling ions, a process referred to as caffeate respiration. We addressed the nature of the hitherto unknown enzymatic activities involved in this process and their cellular localization. Cell extract of A. woodii catalyzes H2-dependent caffeate reduction. This reaction is strictly ATP dependent but can be activated also by acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), indicating that there is formation of caffeyl-CoA prior to reduction. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed proteins present only in caffeate-grown cells. Two proteins were identified by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, and the encoding genes were cloned. These proteins are very similar to subunits α (EtfA) and β (EtfB) of electron transfer flavoproteins present in various anaerobic bacteria. Western blot analysis demonstrated that they are induced by caffeate and localized in the cytoplasm. Etf proteins are known electron carriers that shuttle electrons from NADH to different acceptors. Indeed, NADH was used as an electron donor for cytosolic caffeate reduction. Since the hydrogenase was soluble and used ferredoxin as an electron acceptor, the missing link was a ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This activity could be determined and, interestingly, was membrane bound. A search for genes that could encode this activity revealed DNA fragments encoding subunits C and D of a membrane-bound Rnf-type NADH dehydrogenase that is a potential Na+ pump. These data suggest the following electron transport chain: H2 → ferredoxin → NAD+ → Etf → caffeyl-CoA reductase. They also imply that the sodium motive step in the chain is the ferredoxin-dependent NAD+ reduction catalyzed by Rnf.

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Feng, Xiang, Gerrit J. Schut, Gina L. Lipscomb, Huilin Li, and Michael W. W. Adams. "Cryoelectron microscopy structure and mechanism of the membrane-associated electron-bifurcating flavoprotein Fix/EtfABCX." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): e2016978118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016978118.

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The electron-transferring flavoprotein-menaquinone oxidoreductase ABCX (EtfABCX), also known as FixABCX for its role in nitrogen-fixing organisms, is a member of a family of electron-transferring flavoproteins that catalyze electron bifurcation. EtfABCX enables endergonic reduction of ferredoxin (E°′ ∼−450 mV) using NADH (E°′ −320 mV) as the electron donor by coupling this reaction to the exergonic reduction of menaquinone (E°′ −80 mV). Here we report the 2.9 Å structure of EtfABCX, a membrane-associated flavin-based electron bifurcation (FBEB) complex, from a thermophilic bacterium. EtfABCX forms a superdimer with two membrane-associated EtfCs at the dimer interface that contain two bound menaquinones. The structure reveals that, in contrast to previous predictions, the low-potential electrons bifurcated from EtfAB are most likely directly transferred to ferredoxin, while high-potential electrons reduce the quinone via two [4Fe-4S] clusters in EtfX. Surprisingly, EtfX shares remarkable structural similarity with mammalian [4Fe-4S] cluster-containing ETF ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO), suggesting an unexpected evolutionary link between bifurcating and nonbifurcating systems. Based on this structure and spectroscopic studies of a closely related EtfABCX, we propose a detailed mechanism of the catalytic cycle and the accompanying structural changes in this membrane-associated FBEB system.

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Knozowska, Katarzyna, Joanna Kujawa, Renars Lagzdins, Alberto Figoli, and Wojciech Kujawski. "A New Type of Composite Membrane PVA-NaY/PA-6 for Separation of Industrially Valuable Mixture Ethanol/Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether by Pervaporation." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 3676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173676.

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Pervaporation is a membrane technique used to separate azeotropic and close boiling solvents. Heterogenous PVA composite membranes with NaY zeolite supported on polyamide-6 were fabricated and utilized in organic–organic pervaporation. The efficiency of prepared membranes was evaluated in the separation of ethanol/ethyl tert-butyl ether (EtOH/ETBE) using separation factor (β) and the thickness normalized pervaporation separation index (PSIN). Implementation of the fringe projection phase-shifting method allowed to the determined contact angle corrected by roughness. The influence of the presence of water traces in the feed on the overall separation efficiency was also discussed using the enrichment factor for water (EFwater). The incorporation of NaY into PVA matrix increases surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the composite membrane. It was found that membranes selectively transport ethanol from the binary EtOH/ETBE mixture. The values of β (2.3) and PSIN (288 μm g m−2 h−1) for PVA-NaY/PA6 membrane were improved by 143% and 160% in comparison to the values for the pristine PVA/PA6 membrane. It was found that membranes showed EFwater > 1, thus revealing the preferential transport of water molecules across membranes. These results are also significant for the design of membranes for the removal of water excess from the mixtures of organic solvents.

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Stietz, Maria S., Christina Lopez, Osasumwen Osifo, Marcelo E. Tolmasky, and Silvia T. Cardona. "Evaluation of the electron transfer flavoprotein as an antibacterial target in Burkholderia cenocepacia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 10 (October 2017): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0350.

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There are hundreds of essential genes in multidrug-resistant bacterial genomes, but only a few of their products are exploited as antibacterial targets. An example is the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF), which is required for growth and viability in Burkholderia cenocepacia. Here, we evaluated ETF as an antibiotic target for Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). Depletion of the bacterial ETF during infection of Caenorhabditis elegans significantly extended survival of the nematodes, proving that ETF is essential for survival of B. cenocepacia in this host model. In spite of the arrest in respiration in ETF mutants, the inhibition of etf expression did not increase the formation of persister cells, when treated with high doses of ciprofloxacin or meropenem. To test if etf translation could be inhibited by RNA interference, antisense oligonucleotides that target the etfBA operon were synthesized. One antisense oligonucleotide was effective in inhibiting etfB translation in vitro but not in vivo, highlighting the challenge of reduced membrane permeability for the design of drugs against B. cenocepacia. This work contributes to the validation of ETF of B. cenocepacia as a target for antibacterial therapy and demonstrates the utility of a C. elegans liquid killing assay to validate gene essentiality in an in vivo infection model.

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Uehara, Taketo, Atsuhiko Kushida, and Yoji Momota. "Rapid and sensitive identification of Pratylenchus spp. using reverse dot blot hybridization." Nematology 1, no. 5 (1999): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508441.

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AbstractA reverse dot blot assay for identification of Pratylenchus spp. has been developed using specific oligonucleotides designed from the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The reverse dot blot is a technique which can be especially used for the simultaneous identification of various bacteria. The target fragment was amplified, and labelled with digoxigenine by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified fragment was hybridised with the membrane-immobilised oligonucleotide and the hybridization was detected non-radioactively. By this assay, it was possible to identify P. penetrans, P. coffeae, P. vulnus, P. loosi, P. brachyurus, P. crenatus and P. zeae in a single hybridization. Identification rapide et fiable de Pratylenchus spp. a l'aide de l'hybridation retro dot blot - Une technique retro dot blot pour l'identification de Pratylenchus spp. a ete mise au point en utilisant des oligonucleotides specifiques derives de la sequence de l'espaceur transcrit interne (ITS). La technique dot blot est une technique qui peut etre specialement utilisee pour l'identification simultanee de nombreuses bacteries. Le fragment cible a ete amplifie et marque par la digoxigenine a l'aide de la reaction de polymerisation en chaine (PCR). Le fragment amplifie a ete hybride avec l'oligonucleotide immobilise par membrane et l'hybridation detectee non-radioactivement. Grace a cette technique, il a ete possible d'identifier P. penetrans, P. coffeae, P. vulnus, P. loosi, P. brachyurus, P. crenatus et P. zeae en une seule hybridation.

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Omasta, Travis J., Andrew M. Park, Jacob M. LaManna, Yufeng Zhang, Xiong Peng, Lianqin Wang, David L. Jacobson, et al. "Beyond catalysis and membranes: visualizing and solving the challenge of electrode water accumulation and flooding in AEMFCs." Energy & Environmental Science 11, no. 3 (2018): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00122g.

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Lin, Mingqun, Giovanna Grandinetti, Lisa M. Hartnell, Donald Bliss, Sriram Subramaniam, and Yasuko Rikihisa. "Host membrane lipids are trafficked to membranes of intravacuolar bacteriumEhrlichia chaffeensis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 14 (March 19, 2020): 8032–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921619117.

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Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a cholesterol-rich and cholesterol-dependent obligate intracellular bacterium, partially lacks genes for glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. We found here thatE. chaffeensisis dependent on host glycerolipid biosynthesis, as an inhibitor of host long-chain acyl CoA synthetases, key enzymes for glycerolipid biosynthesis, significantly reduced bacterial proliferation.E. chaffeensiscannot synthesize phosphatidylcholine or cholesterol but encodes enzymes for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis; however, exogenous NBD-phosphatidylcholine, Bodipy-PE, and TopFluor-cholesterol were rapidly trafficked to ehrlichiae in infected cells. DiI (3,3′-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine)-prelabeled host-cell membranes were unidirectionally trafficked toEhrlichiainclusion and bacterial membranes, but DiI-prelabeledEhrlichiamembranes were not trafficked to host-cell membranes. The trafficking of host-cell membranes toEhrlichiainclusions was dependent on both host endocytic and autophagic pathways, and bacterial protein synthesis, as the respective inhibitors blocked both infection and trafficking of DiI-labeled host membranes toEhrlichia. In addition, DiI-labeled host-cell membranes were trafficked to autophagosomes induced by theE. chaffeensistype IV secretion system effector Etf-1, which traffic to and fuse withEhrlichiainclusions. Cryosections of infected cells revealed numerous membranous vesicles inside inclusions, as well as multivesicular bodies docked on the inclusion surface, both of which were immunogold-labeled by a GFP-tagged 2×FYVE protein that binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy of infected cells validated numerous membranous structures inside bacteria-containing inclusions. Our results support the notion thatEhrlichiainclusions are amphisomes formed through fusion of early endosomes, multivesicular bodies, and early autophagosomes induced by Etf-1, and they provide host-cell glycerophospholipids and cholesterol that are necessary for bacterial proliferation.

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Choi, Ji Sun, Ga Young Baek, Joon-Yong Sohn, and Junhwa Shin. "Radiolytic Preparation and Characterization of ETFE-g-PVBSA/ZrP Membranes." Polymer Korea 39, no. 4 (July 31, 2015): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2015.39.4.635.

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Ko, Beom Seok, Sung A. Kang, Geng Fei, Joon Pyo Jeun, Young Chang Nho, Phil Hyun Kang, Chong Yeal Kim, and Jun Hwa Shin. "Radiolytic Preparation and Characterization of Poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-grafted ETFE Membranes." Polymer Korea 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2010): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2010.34.1.20.

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Moreno, Álex, Daniel Chemisana, Rodolphe Vaillon, Alberto Riverola, and Alejandro Solans. "Energy and Luminous Performance Investigation of an OPV/ETFE Glazing Element for Building Integration." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101870.

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The combination of architectural membranes such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) foils and organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells offers a wide range of possibilities for building integration applications. This is due to their flexibility, free-shape, variable color and semitransparency, light weight, cost-effectivity, and low environmental impact. In addition, electrical generation is provided. Four configurations of ETFE foils designed to be integrated onto a south façade glazing element were studied for two representative European locations with different climatic conditions: Barcelona and Paris. These configurations comprise a reference one based on a double ETFE foil with a 10 mm air gap in between, and the other three incorporate on the inner ETFE foil either OPV cells covering 50% or 100% of its surface or a shading pattern printed on it covering 50% of its surface. Results show that, in terms of energy, the configuration with higher OPV coverage area is the one achieving the lowest net energy consumption in both locations. However, when looking at the illumination comfort this option results in insufficient illumination levels. Therefore, a tradeoff strategy balancing energy performance and illumination comfort conditions is necessary. Based on that, the best solution found for both cities is the configuration integrating OPV cells covering 50% of the glazing area and for a window to wall ratio of 0.45.

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Gubler, Lorenz, Hicham Ben youcef, Selmiye Alkan Gürsel, Alexander Wokaun, and Günther G. Scherer. "Cross-Linker Effect in ETFE-Based Radiation-Grafted Proton-Conducting Membranes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 155, no. 9 (2008): B921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2951919.

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Ben youcef, Hicham, Lorenz Gubler, Tetsuya Yamaki, Shin-ichi Sawada, Selmiye Alkan Gürsel, Alexander Wokaun, and Günther G. Scherer. "Cross-Linker Effect in ETFE-Based Radiation-Grafted Proton-Conducting Membranes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 156, no. 4 (2009): B532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3082109.

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