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1
Yang, S. W., J. J. Ma, and J. M. Wang. "RESERCH ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF COLOR STEEL BUILDING BASED ON MULTI-SOURCE HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2101-2018.
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As representative vulnerable regions of the city, dense distribution areas of temporary color steel building are a major target for control of fire risks, illegal buildings, environmental supervision, urbanization quality and enhancement for city’s image. In the domestic and foreign literature, the related research mainly focuses on fire risks and violation monitoring. However, due to temporary color steel building’s special characteristics, the corresponding research about temporal and spatial distribution, and influence on urban spatial form etc. has not been reported. Therefore, firstly, the paper research aim plans to extract information of large-scale color steel building from high-resolution images. Secondly, the color steel plate buildings were classified, and the spatial and temporal distribution and aggregation characteristics of small (temporary buildings) and large (factory building, warehouse, etc.) buildings were studied respectively. Thirdly, the coupling relationship between the spatial distribution of color steel plate and the spatial pattern of urban space was analysed. The results show that there is a good coupling relationship between the color steel plate building and the urban spatial form. Different types of color steel plate building represent the pattern of regional differentiation of urban space and the phased pattern of urban development.
2
Li, Jie, Chang You Wu, Wan Ying Qu, Fang Wang, and Wan Zhen Li. "Study on the Implementation and Development of the Green Building in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1662.
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This paper analyzes the concrete measures to the starting point of the Chinese Green Building's Implementation, and puts forward some suggestions on China's development of green building, which is to strengthen the publicity and legal system construction, perfect the relevant evaluation system, vigorously promote new technology and new method of green building, and strengthen the leading effect of outstanding buildings etc.
3
Verhaeghe, Charlotte, Audenaert Amaryllis, and Stijn Verbeke. "Contrasting Definitions of High Energy Performance Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 16005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017216005.
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The rising interest in low energy building has led to an inflation in related terminology: (nearly) zero energy buildings, or (n)ZEBs, passive houses, positive energy buildings and districts, off-grid buildings, energy autarkic buildings, etc. Each of these terms involves (sometimes subtle) differences in interpretations, system boundaries, included energy end uses, etc. This paper maps the differences and overlaps in applications of various cases of residential High Energy Performance Buildings (HEPBs), aiming to contribute in the development of a novel taxonomy to evaluate the extent to which a building can be considered energy or carbon neutral. Three dimensions are suggested for specification in novel taxonomy for HEPBs: (i) the spatial dimension (energy use, locally renewable energy production and sometimes energy storage), (ii) the time dimension (during which period is the building and its systems balanced, e.g. yearly or momentary) and (iii) the end-use dimension (these are the end-uses that are included or excluded for the calculation of the total energy needs of the buildings).
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Sobotka, Anna, Kazimierz Linczowski, and Aleksandra Radziejowska. "Substitution of Building Components in Historic Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 9211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169211.
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Historic buildings that have survived to the present day have been subject to maintenance, repair, and overhaul. Repair work is being carried out so that it can be enjoyed by future generations. However, there have been changes in the construction technology: some construction products have been discontinued and replaced with others of different quality parameters, lower prices, etc. It is necessary to use substitute products during construction work—that is, replacement products that are shaped after the original. Therefore, there is a problem of selecting the best possible substitute material, taking into account many important factors, including the recommendations and requirements of the conservator. This paper presents a methodology for the process of material substitution planning and selection of a substitute with the use of multicriteria analysis, by implementing it in the refurbishment of a historic building façade.
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Kalmár, Ferenc. "Exergy Quality of Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.30.
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Energy labeling of buildings is accepted and used in all European countries. Depending on the yearly specific primary energy consumption the energy quality of a building is expressed using a country specific method. Consequently primary energy is the basis of building energy class. Primary energy is obtained using different country specific transformation factors for gas, electricity, wood, biomass etc. However different quantities of warm water and steam can have the same energy content. Calculating the exergy content of used energy a better classification of buildings can be achieved. This paper presents a method to analyze residential buildings from exergy point of view. It was found a transformation factor between energy and exergy: 0.075.
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Ohueri, Chukwuka Christian, Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma, and Russell Kenley. "Energy efficiency practices for Malaysian green office building occupants." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 8, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-10-2017-0091.
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Purpose Green building construction was adopted as a strategy to reduce energy consumption and the overall impact of the built environment on our natural environment. However, in Malaysia, previous studies have reaffirmed that green office buildings consume a substantial amount of energy, compared to their counterparts in Singapore. Moreover, there is still a significant performance gap between predicted energy measurements and actual operational energy consumption of green office buildings in Malaysia, due to occupants’ behavioural discrepancies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop energy efficiency practices for occupants of green office buildings in Malaysia. The developed practices integrate technology, organisation policy, and occupants’ behavioural strategies, in order to reduce the energy consumption of green office buildings in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the research goal, a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research method was used to collect data from the research population. In total, 53 respondents working in a green office building complex in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia were surveyed using a questionnaire. Additionally, three top management staff of the green office building and two Malaysian construction professionals were interviewed. The study adopted convenience sampling technique in selecting the research respondents. The data from the questionnaire were analysed using SPSS software (version 22) while the interview data were analysed via thematic content analysis. Findings The findings suggest that the integration of technological strategy (use of BIM tools, sustainable building materials, etc.); organisational strategy (develop, implement and evaluate action plans, use of monitor/control systems, etc.); and occupants behavioural strategy (training, incentives, occupants energy efficiency guide, etc.) will critically reduce energy consumption of green office buildings in Malaysia. Originality/value Based on the findings, energy efficiency practices are developed to guide occupants in reducing the energy consumption of green office buildings in Malaysia. This strategy will contribute to reducing the performance gap that exists between predicted energy and actual energy use of green office buildings in Malaysia. However, the developed energy efficiency practices need to be validated to ascertain its workability in the green office building context.
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Tumanova, Karina, and Anatolijs Borodinecs. "Analysis of centralized hot tap water systems calculation’s specifics." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824506011.
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Most of the urban housing stock in Latvia as well as in major part of EU cities is apartment multi-storey buildings, most of which have a connection to centralized hot tap water systems. Also, such buildings as dormitories, university campuses, sporting facilities, mostly are connected to the centralized hot tap water systems. The hot tap water systems can have different optional technical solutions, such as recirculation loop, bath towels warmers, etc. All these options affect calculation’s specifics of the systems. The main challenge for designers is to make correct estimation of hydraulic losses, definition of necessary water flow rate and to choose such technical equipment as circulation pumps, balancing valves and circulation water flow. The main parameters directly affecting the sizing of hot tap water system are the number of inhabitants, designed water consumption, consumption uncertainty coefficient, building’s specifics etc. This study is based on the hot water consumption analysis in building were online monitoring system was installed.
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Tumanova, Karina, Anatolijs Borodinecs, and Ivan Dmitriev. "Centralized hot tap water systems calculation’s specifics." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824507004.
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Most of the urban housing stock in Latvia as well as in major part of EU cities is apartment multi-storey buildings, most of which have a connection to centralized hot tap water systems. Also, such buildings as dormitories, university campuses, sporting facilities, mostly are connected to the centralized hot tap water systems. The hot tap water systems can have different optional technical solutions, such as recirculation loop, bath towels warmers, etc. All these options affect calculation’s specifics of the systems. The main challenge for designers is to make correct estimation of hydraulic losses, definition of necessary water flow rate and to choose such technical equipment as circulation pumps, balancing valves and circulation water flow. The main parameters directly affecting the sizing of hot tap water system are the number of inhabitants, designed water consumption, consumption uncertainty coefficient, building’s specifics etc. This study is based on the hot water consumption analysis in building were online monitoring system was installed.
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Vacca, G., E. Quaquero, D. Pili, and M. Brandolini. "INTEGRATING BIM AND GIS DATA TO SUPPORT THE MANAGEMENT OF LARGE BUILDING STOCKS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-647-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The survey phase is an essential prerequisite for effective management and improvement of existing buildings. The low accessibility of information regarding the design and construction phases and the current state of the buildings, are the main causes of inefficient actions on existing buildings. The lack of “As Built” documentation (building components, installations, etc.) and the complex task of detecting their current status in terms of use (intended use and space dimensions, environmental context, etc.) and maintenance (conservation status of building components, age of the technological installations, previous maintenance work, compliance with current regulations, etc.) causes deep difficulties in planning, scheduling and controlling appropriate interventions. Starting from these assumptions, this paper shows the findings of a research, aimed at testing the integrated use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and 3D Geographic Information Systems (3D GIS) in order to structure knowledge. The research concerns a case study and it has actually led to the development of a BIM- 3D GIS workflow which formalizes knowledge and information involved of a significant building, according to its management: the INA houses by Enrico Mandolesi, a residential complex for about 2500 inhabitants built around 1960 in the eastern suburbs of Cagliari (Italy).</p>
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Yau, Albert, and Samuel K. M. Ho. "Fire Risk Analysis and Optimization of Fire Prevention Management for Green Building Design and High Rise Buildings: Hong Kong Experience." Nang Yan Business Journal 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nybj-2015-0004.
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Abstract There are many iconic high rise buildings in Hong Kong, for example, International Commercial Centre, International Financial Centre, etc. Fire safety issue in high rise buildings has been raised by local fire professionals in terms of occupant evacuation, means of fire-fighting by fire fighters, sprinkler systems to automatically put off fires in buildings, etc. Fire risk becomes an important issue in building fire safety because it relates to life safety of building occupants where they live and work in high rise buildings in Hong Kong. The aim of this research is to identify the fire risk for different types of high rise buildings in Hong Kong and to optimise the fire prevention management for those high rise buildings with higher level of fire risk and to validate the model and also to carry out the study of the conflict between the current fire safety building code and the current trend of green building design. Survey via the 7-point scale questionnaire was conducted through 50 participants and their responses were received and analysed via the statistical tool SPSS software computer program. A number of statistical methods of testing for significantly difference in samples were adopted to carry out the analysis of the data received. When the statistical analysis was completed, the results of the data analysis were validated by two Fire Safety Experts in this area of specialisation and also by quantitative fire risk analysis.
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Lallemant, David, Henry Burton, Luis Ceferino, Zach Bullock, and Anne Kiremidjian. "A Framework and Case Study for Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment of Incrementally Expanding Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 4 (November 2017): 1369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/011116eqs010m.
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This study proposes a framework for incorporating time-dependent fragility into large-scale risk assessment models, focusing on incremental building expansion as a significant driver of changes in vulnerability. In rapidly urbanizing areas in developing countries, the pay-as-you-go process of informal building construction and staged expansion is the de facto pattern of growth. While there is a common understanding that such expansions increase the earthquake vulnerability of buildings, this study proposes a framework to model and quantify this increase. Vulnerability curves are developed through incremental dynamic structural analysis for common building expansion typologies. Building expansions are modeled as Markov chain processes and used to simulate stochastic expansion sequences over a building's lifetime. The model is then used to simulate a hypothetical neighborhood in the Kathmandu valley area to understand neighborhood-level risk over time. The study provides a new methodology to analyze changing seismic risk over time, driven by any building modification that impacts the building's vulnerability (incremental expansion, deterioration, retrofit, etc.).
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Wang, Juan, Min Zhang, Ming Ma, Wen Ming Wang, and Hao Su. "A Research for Building Environment for Herdsmen’s Winter Camping Ground in the Central Part of the Inner Mongolia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3087.
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With respect to indoor comfort, different features for yurts and brick buildings where herdsmen live in winter are introduced, issues on temperature, humidity, etc. advanced and some suggestions for improvements on residential building environment of herdsmen delivered through a test, an analysis and comparisons on residential buildings in the winter camping ground of the herdsmen.
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Ziembicki, Piotr. "Optimization of building design process by using energy simulation tools." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401033.
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Requirements concerning energy efficiency of buildings, as well as the emission of energy sources working for their needs, are constantly growing. It is related to the Polish law, as well as European Union directives. It is obvious that in the coming years, further regulations and directives will impose additional requirements in this area. Therefore, the requirements for the operation of buildings and process of their designing are changing already today. In the past, the design process, in particular in the aspect of energy consumption, was based primarily on the procedures of static analysis of the building's structure (partitions, glazing, etc.). A typical calculation of a building heat demand did not take into account other aspects of the building's operation, such as user behaviour, heat gains or thermal accumulation of the building. Therefore, in modern designing, it is extremely important to use advanced computer techniques to develop a detailed balance of energy, which takes into account all its useful forms, including heat and electricity. Only such a comprehensive approach will render it possible to achieve the energy efficiency indicators required by law, as well as an economically efficient operation of the building, with a minimal bad influence on the environment. In general, the manuscript presents methods of comprehensive computer energy simulation of buildings, which can be used for optimal designing of buildings for any purpose. The article also presents an overview of available computer tools, which are recommended for the building design process. There are also some examples of using a simulation software for the analysis of residential buildings, along with the analysis of the results of energy simulations carried out with its help.
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Mkrtychev, Oleg. "Dynamic comfort inside the building during pedestrian traffic." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819601039.
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Dynamic comfort of people inside buildings and structures has been studied in the works of [1, 2], but these works cover only industrial, manufacturing, and sports facilities. Currently, public (exhibition centers, shopping malls, etc.) and residential buildings and structures are challenged with providing dynamic comfort as well. This is due to the possibility of using high-strength and lightweight materials in construction, making the building more sensitive to dynamic effects. The main purpose of the dynamic comfort analysis is to remove vibrations or reduce such vibrations to an acceptable level stipulated in the regulations. A source of vibrations can be external (underground and surface transport, construction work, etc.) and internal (equipment at factories, workshops, etc.). One of the internal factors are dynamic vibrations from pedestrian traffic.
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Li, Ruixin, Yiwan Zhao, Gaochong Lv, Weilin Li, Jiayin Zhu, and Olga L. Bantserova. "Thermal Performance Analysis of Heat Collection Wall in High-Rise Building Based on the Measurement of Near-Wall Microclimate." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14072023.
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Near-wall microenvironment of a building refers to parameters such as wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation near the building’s façade, etc. The distribution of these parameters on the building façade shows a certain variation based on changes in height. As a technology of passive heating and ventilation, the effectiveness of this application on heat collection wall is significantly affected by the near-wall microclimate, which is manifested by the differences, and rules of the thermal process of the components present at different elevations. To explore the feasibility and specificity of this application of heat collection wall in high-rise buildings, this study uses three typical high-rise buildings from Zhengzhou, China, as research buildings. Periodic measurements of the near-wall microclimate during winter and summer were carried out, and the changing rules of vertical and horizontal microclimate were discussed in detail. Later, by combining these measured data with numerical method, thermal process and performance of heat collection wall based on increasing altitude were quantitatively analyzed through numerical calculations, and the optimum scheme for heat collection wall components was summarized to provide a theoretical basis for the structural design of heat-collecting wall in high-rise buildings.
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Kang, L., Q. Wang, and H. W. Yan. "BUILDING EXTRACTION BASED ON OPENSTREETMAP TAGS AND VERY HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGE IN URBAN AREA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-715-2018.
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How to derive contour of buildings from VHR images is the essential problem for automatic building extraction in urban area. To solve this problem, OSM data is introduced to offer vector contour information of buildings which is hard to get from VHR images. First, we import OSM data into database. The line string data of OSM with tags of building, amenity, office etc. are selected and combined into completed contours; Second, the accuracy of contours of buildings is confirmed by comparing with the real buildings in Google Earth; Third, maximum likelihood classification is conducted with the confirmed building contours, and the result demonstrates that the proposed approach is effective and accurate. The approach offers a new way for automatic interpretation of VHR images.
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Souček, Jiří, and Petra Tichá. "Modeling Interior Environment of Historical Building and Determination of Critical Places for Application of Nanotextiles Protection." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 1141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.1141.
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Reconstruction of internal plaster in historical buildings belongs to significant and obvious treatment in a landmark area that helps protect irreplaceable cultural resources. Original form of historical buildings has been usually altered over time and alterations are an important part of the building's history. These interventions don ́t often respect the basic function of interior. Results of these changes cause plaster and painting decay, slow air flow and higher air moisture concentration. Computer simulation plays major role in determining places where is necessary to apply surface protection that will preserve the valuable interior surface against negative influences such as high level of moisture, fungus, chemical reactions etc. Abatement of negative influences within historic buildings requires particular care if important historic finishes are not to be adversely affected. Reconstruction of historical interiors should be designed to minimize visual changes to a historic building. Choosing the most appropriate treatment for a historical building requires careful decision making about using of appropriate material for renovation. Using of nanofibers should be minimal modifications to the historic appearance and protect from negative influences.
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Ni, Hai Yang, Xiao Qin Zhu, Jin Hu, Yu Bie, Liang Chen, and Li Meng Chen. "Investigation Progress of Phase Change Building Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1828.
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Phase change building materials are a category of building materials with the integration of structure and function, which can be achieved by phase change materials composite with the traditional building materials. They have such characteristics as the improvement of energy saving efficiency in buildings, the decrease of heating energy consumption and the adjustment of thermal comfort in the room environment etc. Therefore, phase change building materials are one of the most efficient means of energy utilizations, which has important significance for promoting their investigation and applications of energy saving in buildings.
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Aleixo, Joana, Gonçalo Roque Araújo, and Manuel Correia Guedes. "Comparison of passive design strategies to improve living conditions: a study in Ondjiva, Southern Angola." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021020.
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Passive design strategies aim at creating comfortable buildings while reducing their energy consumption. Simple strategies such as the correct orientation of the building, the correct design of the building's openings, or the correct sizing of the building's constituent parts (such as walls, ceilings, etc.) according to their material specificities (regarding the region's climate) would greatly improve the performance of a building. This paper intends to show how the application of simple passive techniques in housing design can reduce the energy loads spent annually and improve the house's interior comfort. It translates the results of interior comfort computer simulations into suggestions for the application of passive strategies in housing design, to improve the living conditions in Southern Angola.
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Chodkowska-Miszczuk, Justyna, and Daniela Szymańska. "Modernisation of Public Buildings in Polish Towns and the Concept of Sustainable Building." Quaestiones Geographicae 33, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0052.
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Abstract This article aims to identify the scale of energy efficiency improvements in public buildings in Polish towns as representative of sustainable building. The study area is investigated from the perspective of challenges arising from the current policy in the EU. The article indicates that, given the age of public buildings in Poland, the best way to implement the concept of sustainable building is to improve their present stock. The modernisation of public buildings is discussed in terms of project location, project value, sources of funding (including EU funds), and the use of buildings undergoing modernisation. According to the research findings, the implementation of the sustainable building concept is determined by both, exogenous factors (EU directives and domestic laws, etc.) and endogenous ones (e.g. human resources and their quality)
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Ingeli, Rastislav, Katarína Minarovičová, and Miroslav Čekon. "Architectural Elements with Respect to the Energy Performance of Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.561.
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Buildings account for 40% of the primary energy use and 24%of the generation of green house gases worldwide. Therefore, a reduction of the specific energy demand of buildings and increased use of renewable energy are important measures of climate change mitigation. On the 18th of May 2010 a recast of the EPBD was approved which further clarifies the intention that buildings shall have a low energy demand. The recast of the EPBD specifies that by the end of 2020 all new buildings shall be “nearly zero-energy buildings”. A nearly zero-energy building is defined as a building with a very high energy performance and very simple shape. The current focusing on the energy efficiency of the building operation may lead to uniform cuboid architecture with heavy insulated building envelopes. The paper deals with the influence of energy concept on architectural elements (and their properties as shape, material, colour, texture etc.)
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Zainordin, Nadzirah, Siti Marina Abdullah, and Zarita Ahmad@Baharum. "Users’ Perception towards Energy Efficient Buildings." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 6 (January 2, 2018): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i6.250.
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A well-designed energy efficient building maintains the best environment for human habitation while minimising the cost of energy. The energy efficient buildings are to improve the comfort levels of the occupants and reduce energy use (electricity, natural gas, etc) for heating, cooling and lighting (Development and Land Use Policy Manual for Australia, 2000 and United Nations, 1991). This paper is an inquiry to investigate the users' perceptions towards lights and space of energy-efficient buildings. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative data collection. The findings revealed that users have mixed feeling towards light and space especially with the use of new working practices i.e. hot desking, hotelling etc.
Keywords light, space, user perception, energy efßcient building.
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Generalov, Viktor P., Elena M. Generalova, Nadezhda A. Kalinkina, and Irina V. Zhdanova. "Typological diversity of tall buildings and complexes in relation to their functional structure." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183301020.
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The paper focuses on peculiarities of tall buildings and complexes, their typology and its formation in relation to their functional structure. The research is based on the analysis of tall buildings and complexes and identifies the following main functional elements of their formation: residential, administrative (office), hotel elements. The paper also considers the following services as «disseminated» in the space-planning structure: shops, medicine, entertainment, kids and sports facilities, etc., their location in the structure of the total bulk of the building and their impact on typological diversity. Research results include suggestions to add such concepts as «single-function tall buildings» and «mixed-use tall buildings and complexes» into the classification of tall buildings. In addition, if a single-function building or complex performs serving functions, it is proposed to add such concepts as «a residential tall building (complex) with provision of services», «an administrative (public) tall building (complex) with provision of services» into the classification of tall buildings. For mixed-use buildings and complexes the following terms are suggested: «a mixed-use tall building with provision of services», «a mixed-use tall complex with provision of services».
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Li, Zhixing, Paolo Vincenzo Genovese, and Yafei Zhao. "Study on Multi-Objective Optimization-Based Climate Responsive Design of Residential Building." Algorithms 13, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13090238.
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This paper proposes an optimization process based on a parametric platform for building climate responsive design. Taking residential buildings in six typical American cities as examples, it proposes thermal environment comfort (Discomfort Hour, DH), building energy demand (BED) and building global cost (GC) as the objective functions for optimization. The design variables concern building orientation, envelope components, and window types, etc. The optimal solution is provided from two different perspectives of the public sector (energy saving optimal) and private households (cost-optimal) respectively. By comparing the optimization results with the performance indicators of the reference buildings in various cities, the outcome can give the precious indications to rebuild the U.S. residential buildings with a view to energy-efficiency and cost optimality depending on the location.
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Ma, Jing Hui, and Yan Gao. "Study on Indoor Thermal Environment with Building Materials of Urban Residences in Zhejiang Region: Summer Investigation." Advanced Materials Research 568 (September 2012): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.568.35.
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The aim of the present study is to clarify the actual conditions of indoor thermal environment with building materials, which built after 1980 years in urban areas of Zhejiang Province. In this paper, the investigations about building characteristics and indoor thermal environment were carried out in Hangjiahu Plain, Zhenan hills and mountains etc. The results show that the wall materials of the most residential buildings are clay solid bricks, the most windows type is aluminum alloy, and the most buildings are uninsulated. In summer, over half of the air- conditions operate more than 6 hours in residential buildings. The indoor thermal comfort is strongly affected by thermal performance of windows.
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Araz, Mustafa, Emrah Biyikt, and Arif Hepbasli. "A Long-term Period Performance Assessment of a Building Integrated Photovoltaic System." E3S Web of Conferences 122 (2019): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912202007.
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Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems can be defined as PV modules, which can be integrated in building's envelope by replacing conventional building materials such as windows, tiles etc. and have an impact on the functionality of the buildings. Considering the huge share (40%) of buildings in total energy consumption and nearly zero-energy building target of the European Union (EU), BIPV systems present a sustainable solution and have gained increased interest in last years. In this study, the performance of a BIPV system, which was installed on Feb. 8, 2016 on the façade of a campus building at Yasar University, İzmir, Turkey within the framework a EU/FP7 project and has a capacity of 7.44 kWp, is evaluated for a three-year period using first and second laws of thermodynamics. Within this context, real (experimental) monthly and yearly electricity productions are determined and compared with the results obtained from the simulations. Energy and exergy efficiencies and performance ratios of the system are also calculated based on the cell and total areas.
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Ruchała, Paweł, and Kamila Grabowska. "Problems of an Aerodynamic Interference between Helicopter Rotor Slipstream and an Elevated Heliport." Journal of KONES 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0072.
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Abstract An elevated heliport, as it has been defined by FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), is a heliport located on a rooftop or other elevated structure where the TLOF (touchdown and lift-off area) is at least 30 inches (76 cm) above the surrounding surface [1]. One of greatest advantages of such heliports is that they require less free space, which eases its build nearby existing buildings – especially in densely built-up areas. However, design of such heliports is more complicated, than ground level ones, while one must include an aerodynamic impact of the building below the elevated heliport and surrounding buildings. The aerodynamic interference between the helicopter and the buildings may result with decline of flight safety, due to sudden decrease of thrust (when flying above the edge of building) or because of increased turbulence in windy weather, wake behind surrounding buildings causing sudden gusts etc. Moreover, oscillations of pressure caused by helicopter rotor influence on the building structure also must be taken into account due to increased wear of upper part of the building or devices mounted on its roof (for example, elevator drives). These oscillation may also cause vibrations of building’s structure, which is especially important in case of medical heliports – which are a vast majority of elevated heliports (and heliports in general) – because of strict requirements for acceptable vibration level. The article is aimed on summarize aerodynamic issues, which should be taken into account during design of elevated heliport.
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Cao, Hong, and Sheng Yu Meng. "Study on the Sustainable Development Strategy of China’s Exhibition Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.537.
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In recent years, investment on China’s exhibition buildings rises sharply, but problems like over-warming of the exhibition hall construction, structural surplus, and low utilization rate occur. On the basis of analyzing the current development status of China’s exhibition buildings, this paper takes Nanning International Convention & Exhibition Center as an example to develop the investigation and study, and proposes the sustainable development strategy pointedly from building space environment and planning management, etc. The study is expected to provide reference for the sustainable development of similar domestic exhibition buildings.
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Poloprutský, Z. "BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL AS A POSSIBILITY FOR DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDINGS OF RURAL ARCHITECTURE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W2 (September 20, 2019): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w2-53-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper deals with the use of Historical Building Information Modelling for digital reconstruction of buildings of rural architecture. The final Building Information Model (BIModel) can be used for research purposes such as Artistic and Historical Research, Building Archaeology Survey, etc., or can be used as basis for building restoration. The aim of the BIModel is to provide a reliable basis for future work.</p><p>This paper presents practical experience gained during the implementation of the grant project “The Transformation of Rural Architecture with Emphasis on the Development of the 19th and 20th Centuries”, No. DG16P02H023. In the course of the project, datasets were collected from various sources and various types, usually photo documentation, cadastral maps, metric survey documentation, texts, etc. The interconnection of the datasets had to be ensured for future work. Therefore, solutions were sought to achieve this goal. Usually, complications occurred in sharing and exchanging data formats, georeferencing, selecting of resolution or Level of Detail (LoD), etc. In these cases, software tools and workflows were sought for integration between CAD or GIS, and vice versa.</p>
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Golub, Kristina. "GENERALIZATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES OF THE INTELLIGENT OFFICE BUILDINGS FORMATION FEATURES." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 77 (May 24, 2021): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.77.123-137.
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The article analyzes the scientific works of scientists in the field of engineering and architectural design that have influenced on intelligent office buildings formation.
The main criteria for assessing the intelligent buildings in Asia, Europe and America are considered. There are differences in approaches in different parts of the world. Particularly in Asia, the system takes into account the impact on the environment, employee health, comfortable working conditions, the introduction of modern technologies, safety, return on investment, etc. The assessment system named Intelligent Building Index (IBI) consists of 10 Quality Environment Modules (QEM), which have different weights depends on intelligent building type. The second level of the IBI method included a list of 378 criteria, each of which was evaluated by a system of 1 to 100 points.
In Europe, it focuses on the interaction of intelligent buildings with humans and the environment, also on minimizing energy consumption and operating costs. In most European countries, intelligent buildings are assessed by Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, BREEAM.
In the United States, priority approaches are related to the principles of sustainability and adaptability to rapid changes in technology and human needs. One of the most common criteria for assessing buildings in the United States is the system Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, LEED.
The basic architectural methods are singled out: using the wind generators and photovoltaic elements on facades; the arrangement of facades with double glazing; application of automatic blinds between two layers of glazing, etc. It is proved that the intelligent building is not a usual building that just uses an automation building management system (BMS), but first of all, is an "intelligent architecture" with providing sustainable principles and requiring an integrated approach from the first designing stage.
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Erbakhaev, Evgeniy A., and Maxim V. Kratenko. "Compensation for harm resulting from the usage of a building: Comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese law." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 12, no. 2 (2021): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2021.213.
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The article examines the problem of compensation for harm caused in the process of using a building and structure. Attention is paid to the side of the defendant in relation to apartment buildings and non-residential buildings, the distribution of liability in the case of a plurality of tortfeasors, the regulation of third-party liability issues by the contract. A comparative analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China regulating the liability of building’s owners (users) and contractors involved in the maintenance of a building as well as court practice is conducted. The choice of the Chinese legal system is due to the presence of special rules in Tort Liability Law of China (2009). According to the results of the study, the authors have formulated a number of proposals, in particular: to unify the legal regime for residential and non-residential buildings for the purposes of compensation for harm caused to third parties; to differentiate the liability for harm caused by the destruction of a building (its structural components) and damage due to items falling out from the building (snow or ice falling from the roof, falling advertising designs, objects being thrown out of the building, etc.), to allow the contractual regulation of owner’s liability provided that the victim is given the right to choose the defendant (the building’s owner or the maintenance company, the contractor involved). The authors also argue in favor of a codified act as a source of tort law, which will ensure consistent regulation of the studied relations.
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Tsuchiya, Yoshio, M. J. Clermont, and D. S. Walkinshaw. "Wet process copying machines: A source of volatile organic compound emissions in buildings." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7, no. 1 (January 1988): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620070103.
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Yang, Xiaoyi. "Application of Comprehensive Rectification Method in Rectification of Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504004.
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This year, there are two ways to rectify buildings: forced landing and jacking up. The method of landing is to increase the settlement of the smaller side of the building, and the method of landing is the digging soil method, the irrigation method, the pile loading method, etc. the jacking method is on the basis of the stable foundation settlement, and the upper structure or foundation is raised on the larger side of the building so that the building will be leveled back, and the jacking method has static pressure pile top. Lifting method, lime pile lifting method, high pressure jet pile jacking method, etc. But in practice, a kind of rectification method cannot meet the purpose of building rectification. It needs two or more rectification methods to achieve the goal. This method of simultaneous application of two or more rectification methods on the same building is called the comprehensive rectification method. In this paper, some common rectifying methods are introduced. At the same time, the application of the comprehensive rectification method in engineering is explained in the background of practical engineerings.
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Trčka, Martin, Jan Ondruch, Adam Thomitzek, and Štěpán Kavan. "Fire Safety of Buildings in the Protection Zone of the Electric Power Transmission System of the Czech Republic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.385.
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The article presents possible procedure for determining parameters of a building representing a finite group of buildings of the same properties characterized in particular by their size and amount of combustible material (family house furnishings, manufacturing facilities, etc.) that are potentially threatened by overhead electric power transmission lines. Detailed statistical processing was used to find dimensions of these buildings such as length, width, and height and their distance from transmission line conductors, which the first step is preceding subsequent mathematical modeling of a representative building and simulation of a fire in it.
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Xi, Hui, Wan Jun Hou, Feng Ming Sun, and Sheng Yan Zhang. "Research on Energy-Saving Reconstruction for Office Building in Cold Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (October 2013): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.235.
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In China public buildings generally excessive energy consumption, including office building is the largest amount. The research, which is about office building energy consumption situation of cold region of China has built, analyzes the main way to achieve energy-saving, mainly including the building envelope structure, heating and air conditioning systems, lighting and electrical system, etc..
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Caniato and Gasparella. "Discriminating People’s Attitude towards Building Physical Features in Sustainable and Conventional Buildings." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2019): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081429.
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At the present time, buildings technologies for residential constructions are essentially divided into two groups. The first one is associated to conventional techniques using concrete, masonry or in general heavyweight structures, while the second one is associated to timber, e.g., sustainable glulam, crosslam, etc. (lightweight structures). Technicians, scientist, designers and non-expert people have their own stereotyped ideas and attitudes, related to thermal and sound insulation, structural stability, fire resistance, service equipment, heating and cooling systems, etc. Nevertheless, for people who is not strongly related to both construction procedure studies, analysis, experiences or focuses, timber structures appear to be more comfortable, reliable and insulated. The need of investigating the role of non-physical and non-measurable parameters in affecting future inhabitants’ overall preconceptions related to new sustainable buildings is thus of paramount importance. The hypothesis that behavioral, physiological, past experiences and psychological factors can have a non-negligible role in determining the final user perception, interaction and adaptation to timber buildings has to be verified. For these reasons, an international survey was realized in order to investigate what individuals expect from these two different construction technologies. After focused statistical analysis, it could be demonstrated how geographical difference could influence results and that, for indoor comfort, stereotypes do exist for lightweight buildings in comparison to heavyweight ones, highlighting how timber construction are associated to thermal comfort and sensed as innovative even if there is no complete distrust in conventional ones. The influence of non-physical and non-measurable parameters is correlated to people’s attitudes.
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FU, Xiuzhang, and Mingzhu HAN. "Analysis of Natural Ventilation Performance Gap between Design Stage and Actual Operation of Office Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 09010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017209010.
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Suitable natural ventilation in office buildings can not only reduce energy consumption of air conditioning, but also improve indoor air quality. In the architectural design stage, the effect of natural ventilation design is mainly simulated by CFD simulation software for indoor air speed, pressure, and age of air, etc.. However, during the actual building operation, the indoor natural ventilation effect will be affected by many factors, such as surrounding buildings, indoor layout, window position and open-close status, human behavior, etc., and the natural ventilation performance between design stage and actual operation is often different. In this paper, a typical office building was selected and FloVENT software was used to quantitatively analyse the influence of surrounding buildings, indoor layout, door/window opening conditions on indoor natural ventilation. Field measurement of indoor air flow rates in typical positions in office were carried out under different circumstances. In order to reduce the instantiate influence of outdoor wind speeds, a new index named Wind Speed Ratio(WSR) is put forward.Through comparative analysis of simulated data and measured data. the gap degree in natural ventilation performance between design stage and operation operation is discussed, and results show that the relative errors of the WSR, which could be considered to reflect the performance gap, are about 78.0%, 28.7% and 150% respectively, under corresponding condition settings of surrounding buildings, indoor layout, and door/window opening.
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Mamet, J. C., and O. Moselhi. "Outline of current analysis procedure for CANDU 600 MW reactor buildings." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-093.
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Reactor buildings of 600 MW CANDU nuclear power plants consist of a prestressed concrete containment structure, cylindrical in shape with a double spherical dome, and of a reinforced concrete internal structure with heavy walls and slabs that support the nuclear reactor, the primary heat transport system, control and safety mechanisms, etc. Both structures are supported on a common circular slab.In this paper, an outline of the static and seismic response analyses performed for these buildings is presented. Several computer models and codes are used and advantage is taken of the symmetry of revolution of part of the structure.By combining the results produced by the various models and accounting for discontinuities caused by openings, etc., a complete picture of the forces, displacements, or accelerations existing in the reactor building under operating conditions and during postulated accidents or seismic events may be drawn.This process has been partly automated by the development of relevant software. A flow chart of the whole analysis process is given. Key words: nuclear power plants, reactor building, containment, analysis, static, seismic, finite elements.
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Mokrzecka, Martyna. "Influence of building shape and orientation on heating demand: simulations for student dormitories in temperate climate conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400117.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of preliminary design decisions such as building shape and orientation on its heating demand. After analysing plans of forty student dormitories located in heating dominated climate (Dfb and Cfb), eight typical plan layouts were identified and chosen for further analysis. Eight buildings were modelled using these plans and uploaded to dynamic simulation tool, Sefaira. Buildings have the same characteristics (surface, height, thermal properties, location etc.). The next step was to rotate the buildings at 45° intervals and simulate the annual heating demand for each case. The results show that the shape influences the heating energy consumption. The difference between minimum and maximum heating demand in the chosen sample was 50%. The square – shaped buildings have advantages in terms of heating energy consumption over L, U and C-shaped buildings as well as over rectangles with different shape factor. Orientation does not substantially influence the consumption in well insulated buildings. Last step of the research was to analyse the influence of functional layout on heating energy and internal comfort in a square-shaped building.
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Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras, Leonas Ustinovičius, Zenonas Turskis, Gintautas Ambrasas, and Vladislavas Kutut. "ESTIMATION OF EXTERNAL WALLS DECISIONS OF MULTISTOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS APPLYING METHODS OF MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2005): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2005.9637683.
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This paper analyses the most widespread designs of external walls of the multi‐storey residential buildings now in use. Such 49 alternative designs of external walls of multi‐storey residential buildings are analyzed using multicriteria analysis program under uncertainty. Few ways of the decision are applied for the decision of the problem: the method of distance to an ideal point, Baye's rule and Wald's rule. To project and understand effective construction of a building, it is necessary to execute exhaustive analysis of all decisions (planimetric, prolongation of term and quality of buildings operation, improvement of architectural decisions, etc.). The level of a design of external walls efficiency of multi‐storey residential buildings depends on very many factors, including: cost of the construction work, used materials and building mechanisms, aesthetics, properties of service, thermal insulation properties, durability, etc. The offered decision of the choice of the effective decision problem using the system of the criteria having different dimensions takes into account the rational estimation of economic, climatic, social conditions and traditions and also allows better to satisfy architectural, functional, service, comfort and other requirements of the client. It also allows to reduce design, building and operational expenses. The choice of a variant mainly depends on needs and existing financial ability of the customer. The offered system of the effective decision choice using the principles of the multi‐criteria analysis is described in the presented paper. There is an opportunity on the basis of the offered system to compare alternative design decisions of external walls of multi‐storey residential buildings and the choice of the most effective variants.
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Zhao, Yu Hong. "Features and Construction of Prefabricated Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2262.
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Prefabricated buildings have the advantages of convenient construction, low cost, energy saving and environmental protection, etc., it is suitable for industrial production of buildings, lifting and connections of prefabricated components are key to construct the prefabricated buildings.
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Nedvěd, Martin, and Valerie Zámečníková. "Influence of Alternative Education on the Architecture of Conventional Schools." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.686.
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Alternative schools have had an undisputable innovative influence on the major (conventional) schooling since their formation in the first half of the 20th century. They have brought new ideas and methods that have been partially or fully adopted by schools that do not even consider being alternative. Architectural language formed together with the alternative education (Waldorf, Montessori, Dalton, Jena etc.) and responded to their specific needs and philosophies – specific shapes, layout, new forms of learning areas etc. Aim of this article is to choose and describe some principles of alternative school architecture, which could be used for new buildings and reconstructions of traditional schools. Method of the research was analysis of chosen alternative school buildings that were realized mainly in Europe and the USA, their qualitative evaluation and description of typological and architectural principles. According to the research outcomes, specific typological, constructional and material solutions were chosen, which are possible to apply also to common learning areas designing. Conclusions of this research can be used in practice (by designing of new buildings and reconstructions of school buildings) and in the education of architectural designing and building typology. .
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Peřina, Zdeněk, Jaroslav Solař, Blahoslav Maršálek, Eliška Maršálková, Radek Fabian, and Filip Čmiel. "Observation of Biological Pests on Building Facades by Thermocamera." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.183.
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Microorganisms on the facades of buildings (eg, algae and cyanobacteria) are the harmful factors that cause destruction of the surface of building materials in exterior (facade paints, plasters, masonry, stone, concrete, etc.). One of the properties of listed biological factors is the production of thermal energy, which can vary in different species. Mentioned energy can be recorded using infrared thermography. The paper contains the results of the examined expressions of the biological pests on the insulated facades of the buildings using infrared thermography.
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Băbălau, Anişoara. "Tax Rules of Buildings from Craiova in 2019." Applied Mechanics and Materials 896 (February 2020): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.896.371.
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Taxes have a mandatory character, they are paid in money form by taxable subjects (natural, legal persons and entities without legal personality) for the realized income, the provision of services and the goods they own. Taxes can be collected using several methods: stop at source (the tax is transferred to the state budget by a third person); the method of applying and canceling mobile tax stamps; offsetting the amounts paid in addition; the method of claiming compensation for legal facilities; contesting the revenues illegally collected. According to the Decision no.533 / 2018 adopted by the Local Council of Craiova, for residential buildings and annex buildings owned by natural persons, the tax rate on buildings is 0.08% on the taxable value of the building. For non-residential buildings owned by natural persons, the tax rate is 0.4% applied to the taxable value of the building. In the case of buildings owned by legal entities, the tax rate on buildings for residential ones is 0.2%, and for non-residential ones 1.3% on the taxable value of the building. Also, tax exemptions were granted for the following categories of buildings: buildings which, according to the law, are considered historical, architectural or archaeological monuments, except for the rooms that are used for economic activities; buildings used for the provision of social services by non-governmental organizations and social enterprises as providers of social services; buildings used by non-profit organizations, used exclusively for non-profit activities, etc.
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Xue, Mao Quan. "Study and Application of Plastic Construction Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 1117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.1117.
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As new building materials, plastic has light weigh, corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, thermal insulation, waterproof, energy-saving, molding convenient, high recycling characteristic, widely used in building materials. According to the research of improving its flame retardancy, strength, thermal insulation, waterproof properties, the application of plastic use in doors and windows, pipeline, building walls and roofs of buildings, etc. were reviewed, and the developing direction was discussed.
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Generalova, Elena, Victor Generalov, and Anna Kuznetsova. "INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDING ENVELOPES OF BIOCLIMATICAL HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 15, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol1.2641.
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The paper examines innovative and promising trends in in the design of high-rise buildings that challenge traditional typologies and are adapted for specific climatic conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate modern methods of designing building envelopes for bioclimatic skyscrapers taking into account heat impact of climate on the thermal balance of buildings.
The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of advanced world experience in constructing innovative buildings, "conquering" climate. The paper provides the basic principles of bioclimatic architecture. The issues of buildings’ forms and modes are considered. The authors analyze the efficiency of using double facades in different climatic conditions with account of their interaction with other technological, constructive and planning elements, such as "solar chimney", passive and active solar control systems, landscaping, intelligence control systems of temperature and humidity conditions in premises and buildings, etc.
The paper highlights that unique objects of bioclimatic skyscrapers are moving now into new typologies of buildings and help form dense, comfortable and convenient urban environment using natural resources effectively. The research shows how prospects and relevance of a systemic approach to introducing the related and interdependent projects for energy saving activities at all levels, starting from town-planning and architectural models, and ending with engineering and constructive solutions.
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Tikhomirov, Arsenii, Aleksandr Konstantinov, Ksenia Kurushkina, and Maya Lambias Ratnayake. "Conception of a complex window design method." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 05018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199105018.
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Windows are an essential part of almost every civil building. The existing approach for designing windows is based on ensuring minimum requirements to provide natural lighting functions, thermal protection, etc. This approach does not take into account the interrelationship of certain technical characteristics of windows (for example, heat and lighting characteristics). This leads to the appearance of typical problems at the stage of operating the building (insufficient day light, poor ventilation, etc.). In this work, an analysis of functional and technical requirements of windows of civil buildings was conducted. The review of modern researches of optimal window designs and interrelation of certain technical characteristics of window between themselves was conducted. On the basis of this analysis, the concept of a new complex window design method was proposed. This method is based on the fact that windows are both bearing and enclosing elements of the building. The use of this method will create the standard design solutions of windows for civil buildings of different functional purposes and different climatic areas of construction.
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Souček, Jiří, and Petra Tichá. "Investigating Interior Changes in Historical Building by Computational Modeling and Determination Critical Places for Structural Conservation." Advanced Materials Research 1122 (August 2015): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1122.161.
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Maintenance and restoration of historical buildings are an important contribution to sustainability of cultural heritage. Refurbishment should be adopted to preserve the essential features of the building ́s history and cultural heritage. Reconstruction of internal plaster in historical buildings belongs to important treatment in a landmark area. Plaster of historical buildings is usually characterized by an open porosity, which makes it sensitive to the degradation caused by physical and chemical agents. Alterations and structural faults can lead to invasive interventions which modify permanently the cultural value and the structural behavior of the buildings, in conflict with necessary preservation requirements.Knowledge of the historical building interior microclimate is essential for the definition of suitable reconstruction. Computer simulation plays major role in determining air flow, which can cause negative influence within historic buildings such as high level of moisture, fungus, chemical reactions etc. In order to prevent deterioration of plaster and to retard their decay, protective products – nanofibers – could be applied on the historical surfaces. Using nanofibers should cause minimal modifications to the historic appearance and protect from negative influences.
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Cohen, Robert, Barry Austin, Paul Bannister, Bill Bordass, and Roderic Bunn. "How the commitment to disclose in-use performance can transform energy outcomes for new buildings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 6 (June 4, 2017): 711–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417711343.
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The paper describes the transformation that has taken place over the last 15 years in the energy efficiency of new office buildings constructed in Australia and considers if and how the UK could follow suit. The success in Australia has been greatest for the ‘base building’: the energy performance of the HVAC services in tenanted spaces and of all end uses in the common parts. It embraces a ‘ design for performance’ culture, supported by the NABERS ‘Commitment Agreement’, where developers and their teams sign up to an in-use performance target. The process is underpinned by advanced simulation, strategic sub-metering and fine-tuning post occupation to help eliminate wasteful deviations. The paper considers the opportunity for the UK to introduce a Commitment Agreement process for new office buildings, integrated with the Soft Landings Framework. It is argued that from a technical perspective base building energy performance in new UK offices could be as good as it is in Australia. However, there are non-technical drivers missing in the UK. To compete with their Australian peers, the UK property and construction industries need a base building energy measurement and rating system, creating the ability to set a performance target and disclose the outcome. Practical application: Design for performance uses a much more realistic building simulation model at the design stage. Although this requires a lot more inputs (details of the building’s proposed chillers, AHUs, ducts and valves, etc. and their controls), it enables the designers to capitalise from computer-aided-design to improve energy efficiency. This process deploys the technology improvement template by which much of the modern world has progressed so fast, and enables innovation to flourish. The more advanced HVAC model can predict target energy budgets for each sub-system (boilers, chillers, fans, pumps, etc.) against which the actual energy used, as measured with sub-meters, can be compared to inform fine tuning during early operation. Although a model’s predictions can be considered the ideal energy performance of the as-built system, there’s an expectation that the base building’s real performance should turn out to be within around 10% of that anticipated from the modelling.
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Yuan, Jihui, Toshio Yamanaka, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Haruto Kitakaze, and Kazuo Emura. "Effect of highly reflective building envelopes on outdoor environment temperature and indoor thermal loads using CFD and numerical analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106031.
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In recent years, the climate change (CC) and urban heat island (UHI) effects are becoming serious problems, affecting people’s life and health, especially in hot summer. For large cities such as Tokyo and Osaka in Japan, the UHI effect is particularly intense. It is known that about 40% of urban anthropogenic heat comes from buildings in large cities. To reduce the anthropogenic heat of buildings is an important countermeasure to this problem. Strategies for UHI mitigation include urban ventilation, urban greening, green roof, highly reflective (HR) roads, and HR building envelopes, etc. Among these mitigation strategies, the research on HR building envelopes has been carried out globally. However, it is not clear that how the HR building envelopes affect the urban outdoor environment temperature and indoor thermal loads of urban buildings which is directly related to the selection of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of solar reflectivity of building envelopes varied from 0.1 to 0.9, on the outdoor environment temperature and indoor thermal loads of buildings located on Osaka University Suita Campus, Japan, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and numerical analysis.