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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Etatist system in Egypt'
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1
Abdelazim, Saleh S. "Structural Adjustment and the Dismantling of Egypt's Etatist System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11101.
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This study focuses on the economic and political transformation of the Egyptian state after it applied neoliberal structural adjustment policies in May 1991, as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank had required in return for foreign debt restructuring. It demonstrates how the Egyptian state was transformed from the etatist system that had characterized it since the 1952 revolution. Using the etatist system as a basic concept for understanding the Egyptian state since 1952 aids comparison among the historical periods that followed, in that the two distinguishing components of this system are a domestically-oriented development strategy and social welfare programs. The key hypothesis guiding this study is that the application of structural adjustment programs has been a factor powerfully transforming the etatist systems of the Nasser and Sadat periods. The study shows how this particular post-etatist" state has withdrawn considerably from such social welfare policies as subsidizing food and other basic goods, and providing health and other social services. Similarly, continuing a trend that began with the infitah (partial economic liberalization) policies of the Sadat period, the Egyptian state has abandoned its active role in economic development, leaving it to the domestic private sector and to foreign investors. The present research shows how this state has withdrawn to a great degree from ownership of business enterprises, and has substantially reduced regulation of private enterprises."Ph. D.
2
Wahba, Mourad Magdi. "The role of the state in the Egyptian economy : 1945-1981." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480548.
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Morsi, Shereen Mohamed El-sayed. "A system approach to decision making in Egypt." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436710.
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Hegazy, Ibrahim. "Strategic environmental assessment and urban planning system in Egypt." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539575.
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Zein, Al-Abdin Bashir. "The political system of Ottoman Egypt 1099-1143/1687-1730." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509044.
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This study examines the political system of Egypt during the period 1099-1143/1687-1730. After two centuries of Ottoman rule, the laws of Qanun-name of 1525, which created a rather complicated balance of power, became subject to erosion. The Viceroy's power started to decline and the military garrison lost its dominance over the political and administrative affairs of the region. The civil war of 1123/1711 brought with it major developments to the region. It resulted in the gradual disintegration of the Ottoman elements within the political set-up and the rise of the local institutions represented by the beylicate, al-Azhar, and the Bedouin Arab tribes. Egypt gradually shifted towards growing independence. The latter half of the twelth century AH witnessed the emergence of the secessionist movement of 'Ali Bey al-Kablir (1767-1772) and, following the French occupation, the rise of Muhammad 'Ali Pasha leading Egypt into the modem era. The Introduction is followed by an analysis of the archival and manuscript sources upon which this study is based. The second chapter relates the history of the period 1099-1143/1687-1730 in the light of previously unexploited sources. The main body of the study discusses the factors which led to the decline of the Ottoman political system in Egypt and the rise of the beylicate and religious institutions. It is followed by a final chapter which refers briefly to the major local groups which exerted an external impact on the system rather than being part of the political set-up. This study is based on contemporary chronicles and documents in the Egyptian archives, making particular use of vital manuscript sources which have not yet been exploited by modern scholarship. It is hoped that this study will provide answers to several questions relating to the factors which led to the decline of Ottoman authority and the rise of the local institutions represented by the beylicate and the Ulema
6
Isiksal, Huseyin. "Subordination Of The Arab Regional System: The Cases Of Egypt &." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614959/index.pdf.
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This study attempts to analyze the &lsquosubordination&rsquo
of the Arab regional system by giving special reference to Egypt and Iraq, as the two most prominent Arab countries that challenged the established Westphalian state system in the Middle East. Through introducing the concept of &lsquo
subordination&rsquo
, the research seeks to answer the questions of &lsquo
what makes the Middle East different than other regions?&rsquo
and &lsquo
how the Middle East subordinated to the international system?&rsquo
The conduct of the thesis is based upon three interrelated discussions
systemic origins of the subordination and its main characteristics, subordination of the Middle East as sub-international regional system, and finally the case studies which testify and approve the validity and implications of the theoretical arguments that presented in the former parts of the thesis. Through the exercise of independent, original, and critical thought, this thesis aims to build on existing knowledge by using already known materials but with a new conceptualizations, design and interpretation.
7
Elgendi, E. M. O. "An automated dynamic site layout planning system : a case study of Egypt." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/41604/.
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One of the serious tasks in the construction planning was the site layout planning as it had a considerable effect on construction sites. However, in practice site layout planning was often ignored or overlooked due to its complexity. Project Managers often performed a site layout planning based on experience, ad-hoc rules and first-come-first-serve approach which may lead to inefficient site layouts that had a negative effect on construction projects. Therefore, the automated systems can be considered as the most effective methods to develop an efficient site layout as they fully covered all concerns that cannot be taken into account by manual methods. Although, a lot of automated site layout planning systems had been developed to support this serious planning task. However, they remained having serious limitations and drawbacks such as a single objective, integrating with regular facilities and site areas only, 2D site layouts representation, inefficient approaches to reflect the dynamic nature of construction sites, ignoring space reuse and facilities relocation, equal area space search, generating static layout, did not cover end users’ requirements, highly complex for users, ignoring the user interaction and lacking of flexibility in the system design. This revealed the need to develop new automated systems to cover the limitations and drawbacks of the existing automated systems and offer the end users’ requirements. Furtherer more, the quantitative study of survey returned by twelve participations from the Egyptian sites guided this research to list the end users’ requirements. These results led to identifying MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the suitable tool and technique to overcome the site layout planning limitations and shortcomings as well as offer the end users’ requirements. Therefore, this research had developed an automated dynamic site layout planning system (ASLS) which had positive impacts on the construction industry in terms of: (1) improving the site layout and space planning (2) maintaining the construction projects cost and time; (3) improving the overall safety of construction sites; and (4) protecting the surrounding environment. The automated system subjected to a validation process through two construction projects based in Egypt to examine its accuracy and effectiveness. The validation process results proved its accuracy and effectiveness in developing optimal site layouts for construction projects. In addition, an evaluation process was used to examine its functionality, completeness, performance, usability and user acceptance through functional (black-box) test, structural (white-box) test and users’ trial. The functional (black-box) and structural (white-box) tests results verified its completeness and performance. The users’ trial results indicated its usability in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction and revealed that it was acceptable to use and efficient as it saved time. This research concluded that the developed automated system (ASLS) was effective and outperformed existing automated systems in generating global site layouts while satisfying the layout constraints by offering a number of new capabilities. Furthermore, this research contributed to knowledge by creating an innovative dynamic space search method and formulation of a novel objective function that minimized the harmful effect of construction activity on the surrounding neighboring. Recommendation emerged from the research findings were used to suggest the integrating of the automated system with the Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) to facilitate the data exchange and provide the project stakeholder with different scenarios of site layout.
8
Al-Saeed, Eman. "A mixed methods study of the feasibility and acceptability of an opportunistic community pharmacy based CVD risk assessment service in Alexandria, Egypt." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709157.
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Saad, Fady M. (Fady Malak). "Modeling and comparing a startup dynamics in the US and Egypt." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90701.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2013."June 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 76).
In today's world startups are playing a key role to stimulate the economy, solve pressing problems and create fulfilling employment opportunities. However, the failure rate of startups in the US, one of the most prominent countries for encouraging startups, has been eight out of ten, a very high proportion. In this thesis, I explore this topic further with a hypothesis that company's sustained success depends not only on its financial growth, but also its dynamic ability to continuously fulfill its key stakeholders' needs and aspirations, and its ability to adapt to the specific conditions of its evolving ecosystem. This thesis provides a new holistic, system-driven conceptualization of a startup and its internal dynamics from human resources, product development, customers, and financials. I develop a System Dynamics model to represent these internal dynamics and simulate it over a period of five years to gain more insight about a startup behavior. In addition, I bring in the impact of exogenous factors from the entrepreneurial ecosystem as a "second layer" of variables in the entrepreneurial model. Through a process of validating and comparing the model to the literature, I identify five key internal leverage points for the sustained success of the modeled startup. Moreover, after performing a sensitivity analysis to the model, I identify the key exogenous leverage points in studied entrepreneurship ecosystems. I then compare and contrast the US and Egyptian case by embedding the modeled startup in the Egyptian ecosystem. A significant change of the behavior of the modeled startup with a much lower final Firm Valuation and Job Attractiveness is observed. I conclude with a discussion of the high leverage points in the Egyptian ecosystem based on this analysis, and recommendations for entrepreneurs and policy makers.
by Fady M. Saad.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
10
Ahmed, Abdel-Aziz Ahmed. "An investigation into policy and practice in the Egyptian education system in the light of the English experience." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314386.
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El-Sakty, Khaled. "The development of a port performance measurement system : with reference to Damietta Port, Egypt." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2012. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17488/.
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Ports compete through providing high quality services at the right price. Ports require reliable performance measurement systems so that their daily operations can be effectively managed, their port assets efficiently utilised, and cargo dwell and standing times minimised. Port performance studies have been approached from strategic, operational, functional, financial and managerial perspectives. Findings in the literature have concluded that the measurement systems currently used are limited because the focus is on measuring efficiency, especially for containerised cargo and terminals. Often, key variables have been ignored and there is focus on improving productivity rather than performance. This research addresses the issue of how current performance measurement systems can be developed to measure the performance of ports more effectively. The research has been designed to contribute to knowledge through conceptualising the needs of developing effective measurement systems in ports by using relevant measures and quantifying those key predictors that influence a port’s performance. Quantitative methods are traditionally used for assessing port performance. This research commences with a discussion of supply chain performance measurement systems in relation to ports. It investigates different supply chain measurement designs, categories and characteristics within each category and examines the effectiveness of the current measurement system applied in Damietta port, Egypt. Findings show that Damietta port currently has no formal measurement system and would benefit from the implementation of a performance measurement system. Data have been collected according to the four types of handled cargoes in Damietta port, namely general cargo, dry bulk, liquid bulk and containers. Data have been collected on a monthly basis. For each type of cargo, data have been edited and keyed and a categorisation scheme has been set up to cover those operations at terminals. The Damietta Port Performance Measurement System (DAPEMS) has been developed using three measures, including: time, revenue and flexibility measures. Initially the system was developed using time measures, where key determinants were discussed and multiple regression analyses applied. Relevant predictor variables were selected and incorporated into the regression models with varying degrees of significance. Following this, DAPEMS has been extended using revenue measures, where revenues resulted from operations time, clearance time and the time a ship stays in a port. The final measure considered was flexibility. This helps to cope with the complexity of operations and uncertainty at ports. DAPEMS has been tested for two months in Damietta Port. In addition, the system’s features, including: reliability, applicability and flexibility have been analysed. The system was tested for two months at Damietta port. The port managers reported the benefits of using DAPEMS as there is no system currently applied in the port. Using additional variables, understanding the relationship between variables, providing information about port revenue and providing managers with estimated future performance were appreciated by the port director and a top manager as this helps them and the port planners in a decision-making process. It is concluded that applying DAPEMS was highly appreciated for providing useful visibility about the port's performance. However, some limitations are addressed and suggestions are proposed to be carried out for future research.
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Edward, Marie. "The reform complexities of the irrigation water system in Egypt : institutional change and socioeconomic constraints." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC047.
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La gestion de l‘eau d’irrigation en Egypte repose sur un cadre institutionnel centralement défini intégrant les parties concernées, y compris les acteurs informels au niveau local. Ce cadre régi la répartition des ressources en eau et la façon dont les différents acteurs contribuent collectivement aux mécanismes de gestion. En raison de plusieurs contraintes, telles que la mauvaise qualité et la pénurie d’eau, les iniquités au niveau de la distribution et le faible recouvrement des coûts, l’approche collective a été progressivement remplacée par des actions plus individualistes qui mènent à des conflits d’intérêts. Cette situation appelle à une réforme du cadre institutionnel existant. Les solutions adaptatives mises en place par les usagers qui tentent à surmonter les défis sont une forme de changement. En parallèle, les réformes promues par le gouvernement favorisent une approche participative à travers la création d’organisations des usagers (WUOs). Cette formalisation des acteurs informels est motivée par l’idée que l’effort collectif d’un groupe ayant des intérêts communs et agissant selon des règles et normes mutuellement acceptées permettrait de renforcer leur participation dans la gestion. Le résultat serait une distribution plus équitable de l’eau et une meilleure opération et maintenance des systèmes d’irrigation. Or, bien que les WUOs puissent être considérées comme des structures appropriées pour restaurer l’action collective et améliorer la gestion au niveau local, certains défis institutionnels, financiers et structurels affaiblissent leurs opérations et leur capacité à répondre aux intérêts des parties prenantes, ce qui rend leur soutenabilité incertaineThe irrigation water sector in Egypt relies on a well-defined central management framework, the integrated role of the different concerned stakeholders, including the local-level informal actors, and on how the water users perceive the value of their water resources and collectively contribute to the management mechanism. With the rising complexities, namely, poor quality, water shortage, unfair distribution and poor cost recovery, the collective approach has been progressively replaced by more individualistic actions that lead to conflicts of interest and calls for reforms. Adaptive solutions are a form of change among the water users who seek to cope with the challenges they face. Another form is a government-driven reform that supports the participatory approach through the establishment of Water Users Organizations (WUOs). The rationale behind this formalization of the informal actors is that when collective efforts of a particular group who holds common interests and is functioning under mutually accepted and compelled set of norms and rules, it is believed that it becomes more feasible to raise their level of participation in the management process. They would hence contribute to realizing more equitable water allocation and distribution and better operation and maintenance of the irrigation systems. Although the WUOs can be viewed as suitable settings for restoring collective action and improving the management at the local level, a number of institutional, financial and structural challenges hinder their functions and their capacity in meeting the interests of the concerned stakeholders and hence render their sustainability uncertain
13
Abbas, Khaled Abdelazim. "The development of a road management system with particular reference to new cities in Egypt : an application of system dynamics methodology." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315544.
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Al-Wahaibi, Khalid. "The development of the Mamluk land tenure system in Egypt from 697/1297 to 882/1477." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24542.
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This study deals with the development of the land tenure system in Egypt from 697/1297 to 882/1477. It discusses in detail the land tenure system in Egypt 775/1373 during the period of al-Ashraf Shaban and in the year 882/1477 during the reign of al-Ashraf Qaytbay, as presented in Ibn al-Jian's work al-Tuhfa. It also traces the development of the whole system from 697/1297 to 882/1477, to highlight the trends of change and discusses the reasons behind such change and the results of such changes. Chapter 1 surveys the primary Arabic sources and modern scholarly studies on Mamluk economic history. Chapter 2 analyses the life and works of Ibn al-Jian whilst Chapter 3 discusses the administrative terminology used by Iban al-Jian and other sources. Chapters 4 and 5 give an analysis of the land tenure system during the reign of al-Ashraf Shaban and al-Ashraf Qaytbay. Chapter 6 considers aspects of the development of the land tenure system and the underlying reasons of change. The conclusions summarise the main trends inherent in the land tenure system during the Mamluk period.
15
El-Sharkawy, Mosaad M. "The location decision of the multinational corporation and the national tax accounting system : the case of Egypt." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2915.
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Foreign direct investment has attracted many researchers and scholars. In Egypt, this topic has been discussed and debated by economists, the People's Assembly and Cabinet Ministers since the President of the Republic declared the adoption of the policy of economic openness "Al-Infitah" in June 1974. This new economic approach aimed to encourage the inflow of foreign capital into Egypt in an attempt to solve the mounting problems of the Egyptian economy, mainly growth of the population, shortage of foreign exchange, and persistent deficit of the balance of payments. The main purpose of this study has been to investigate the impact of the Egyptian Tax Accounting System on the foreign decision to invest in Egypt. The main concentration is on the general tax principles applied to foreign corporations in Egypt, the impact of tax incentives, in general, on the inflow of foreign capital into Egypt, the key tax and non-tax problems encountered by foreign investors in Egypt, and the main tax and non-tax motives for investment in Egypt. The findings of this study and the insights gained about the nature of foreign investment in Egypt, provide the basis for some recommendations and suggestions for the effective implementation of the "Open Door" policy declared by the government for the purpose of attracting foreign investment.
16
Kawamura, Yusuke. "Social welfare under authoritarian rule : change and path dependence in the social welfare system in Mubarak's Egypt." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11711/.
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This thesis is an attempt to answer the following question: how and why was the social welfare system in Egypt altered under the government of Hosni Mubarak (1981-2011)? Literatures on the determinants, objectives and structures of social welfare regimes predominantly assume democratic systems of government. They claim that the political influence of organised labour is the most important driving force for the expansion of social welfare systems. This driving force is effective only in open, democratic political arena. This thesis therefore argues that the case of Egypt requires us to consider social welfare regimes within the context of authoritarian resilience. According to this corpus of work, institutional change under authoritarian regimes can best be explained as a product of government survival strategies, strategies which seek to maximise the interests of the ruling elite, especially their political leaders (rather than the political influence of organised labour which drives social welfare systems in democratic countries). Although the ruling elite under authoritarian rule use social welfare systems in their survival strategies, the strategies differ in their context or ideology. Egypt’s first President, Gamal Abdul Nasser, designed and introduced a social welfare system which supported his primary goal of industrialisation. The income-redistribution aspects of his social welfare system were designed to mobilise popular political support for his regime from the middle and low-income classes, especially urban workers. His successor, Anwar al Sadat, relied still further on the income-redistribution function of the social welfare system, as a means of partially compensating those elements of society which could be considered ‘losers’ from his policy of economic opening (infitah). Whereas his policies expanded the economic base of regime support from the working class and the public sector to the growing business elites, he fortunately obtained several external resources, such as economic aid (from the United States, in particular), fees from the Suez Canal and oil exports. By exploiting these resources as sources to expand the social welfare system, Sadat was able to compensate the ‘losers’ and to maintain political legitimacy with these lower classes through welfare re-distribution instruments. His strategy strengthened the populist feature of the social welfare system. This thesis argues that change in the social welfare system during the Mubarak era was bounded by the logic of the ‘social contract’, which was reinforced by the expansion of populist welfare provision during the Sadat era. Sadat’s strategy led to fiscal deficit and prevented economic growth in the Mubarak era. Rationalisation of the programmes was indeed advocated by the international financial institutions and the Mubarak government did appear to initiate reforms. However, when looked at closely, the thesis reveals that these reforms did not result in significant reductions in government expenditures on social welfare as was supposedly intended. Despite a decline in external resources, the regime maintained expenditures, ‘thinning’ out the benefits of the welfare system where it could, but never fully engaging in deep structural reform. Mubarak’s government was caught in an unresolvable dilemma. Economic liberalisation in general created a new alliance between the ruling elite and the growing class of businessmen. However, the authoritarian regime still relied on a legacy of claims to redistributive justice for its legitimacy. As a decline in external resources cut away the regime’s capacity to deliver this through structural aspects of the economy, the regime increasingly relied on social welfare programmes to alleviate poverty and assuage political grievances. Regime fear of direct political protests increasingly drove social welfare policy, with the regime compensating for the effects of liberalisation in one side of the economy by spending money it could ill afford in another. The strategy was itself a fundamental contradiction and inherently unsustainable. As a result, a decline in distributive resources revealed a failure in the social welfare system – enduring fiscal misallocation and neglecting social problems (such as poverty and unemployment).
17
Hokam, Essam Mohamed. "Computer based expert system to optimize the water supply for modern irrigation systems in selected regions in Egypt." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964676680.
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Abdel-Fattah, Mohamed. "Issues in the design and implementation of a multipurpose land information system (MPLIS) with particular focus on Egypt." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155311942.
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El, Taweel Khaled Mohamed Soliman. "The WTO dispute settlement understanding : how can Africa make better use of the system? using Egypt as a case study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28406.
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The Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) established under the World Trade Organisation, is one of the most notable achievements of the multilateral trading system. African countries need to engage more in this emerging system to defend their trade and economic interests, especially in this time of increasing integration in the world trading system. It is submitted that the weak participation of African countries in the DSU can have negative economic and trade implications on Africa, as it minimises the influence these countries could exert on the development of the DSU legal system at this stage of particular importance to the evolution of international trade law in addition to its direct economic and trade costs. All complaints about impediments in the DSU cannot be rightly claimed to be the core reasons for weak African participation in the system, as the system still stand out as a rule-based with equal treatment to Developed and Developing countries. Additionally, the low participation of African countries cannot be justified by the degree of development basis only, as other developing counties have been very successful in this regard and some African countries managed to make use of the system in a very positive way. Moreover, this dissertation states that the effect of other internal constraints that are reported to hinder African participation, such as lack of sufficient financial resources, limited technical expertise and political factors, could be minimised through joint African cooperation, and by developing national strategies to deal with DSU. Egypt is a good example in this regard; despite its limited financial and technical expertise, it managed to gain accumulated experience through its various forms of engaging in the DSU, and consequently managed to defend its trade and economic interests. The establishment of a national organisational framework to deal with the DSU assisted in the preparation of national expertise that is gaining increasing experience. Egypt’s incorporation of national legislations on Anti-Dumping, Investment Protection, Intellectual Property Rights and other WTO agreements definitely supports the Egyptian position in the DSU. African countries are called to work within the African Union and on the national levels to make the best use of the system to serve their developmental goals. National strategies should be formulated regarding WTO dispute settlement engagement. These should include sound legislations and clear rules of engagement between different departments and the private sector to enable African countries to overcome the major constraints currently limiting their participation. African countries can depend partially on the support system offered by organisations like ACWL, UNCTAD and pro bone assistance from international law firms and NGO’s to overcome the financial and lack of experience constraints.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Public Law
unrestricted
20
Hussein, Safaa A. "An empirical investigation of information systems success : an analysis of the factors affecting banking information systems success in Egypt." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4298.
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Information technology (IT) plays an important role in contemporary organisations and this role continues to expand in scope and complexity and affects business operations dramatically. Advances in the IT industry have caused major changes in every industry sector. The banking industry is no exception and it has undergone a dramatic change over the past few decades. With the coming of the information age, IS investments are becoming increasingly important to banks` survival, growth and prosperity. IS managers are under increasing pressure to justify the value and contribution of IS expenditure to the productivity, quality and competitiveness of the organisation. This study aims to propose a model which investigates the success of information systems in the banking industry in order to help bank managers to evaluate the success of their IS, to be able to develop these systems and to improve the performance of bank managers and employees. Given that the ultimate dependent variable for this research is individual impacts, DeLone and McLean (2003) updated IS success model is leveraged and extended in this research. The study proposes a research model which is guided by the decision to select a suitable number of key potential demographic and situational variables, in addition to the adoption of DeLone and McLean (2003) updated model. This model proposes that a variety of factors were found to affect IS success in general, however, from the socio-technical viewpoint, IS success should capture both technological and human elements. Therefore, an effective Banking Information System (BIS) typically requires an appropriate combination of both. As such, Thus, the technological dimensions (i.e. system, service and information quality) and the human dimensions (e.g. user satisfaction, perceived system benefits, user involvement, user training, age, education and system use) can be a good starting point when considering suitable constructs for measuring BIS success. The research methodology of this study involved interviews with BIS practitioners and professionals to shape and refine the research model. Further, questionnaire survey was employed to collect data from bank managers in Egyptian banks. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using Partial Least Square (PLS) was used to test the research model. Three research models were proposed according to age groups and initial results from PLS analysis reported different results in each research model. Findings indicated that system, information and service quality, level of training, age, length of system use, user involvement and top management support were the main predictors (success constructs) of user satisfaction and individual impacts in the three proposed research models. However, the relationships between these constructs varied according to each age group of managers. The study offers important academic and practical contributions. Firstly, as a contribution to research, the study serves to extend the DeLone and McLean (2003) IS success model by introducing some key human and situational dimensions and confirming certain links in that model with the context of banking industry. The contribution to practice is especially relevant for bank CIOs, software designers and developers looking for ways to improve BIS developments by providing them with directions regarding the BIS success dimensions that should be considered to encourage bank managers to adopt and be more satisfied with BIS which in turn influence their job performance.
21
El-Essely, M. A. M. "The conceptual framework for financial accounting and reporting in the developing countries : empirical study of the unified accounting system in Egypt." Thesis, City University London, 1987. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8331/.
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In most developing countries there has been an uncritical acceptance of foreign accounting methods without taking into consideration their unique environmental needs. This situation has created chaotic practices and confusion in operations and procedures in these countries (accounting schizophrenia). Recently, some of these countries have rushed to apply international accounting standards, also without considering their individual circumstances. The basic premise on which the research rests is that this situation can not be allowed to presist. There exists a critical need for a model for identifying and managing accounting problems in developing countries. The building blocks of the suggested model are: (i) the three dimensions of the characteritics of the conceptual framework for financial accounting and reporting (structural organisational, and environmental), (ii) the applicability of the general medical model for disease regulation to accounting problems, and (iii) the applicability of the medical model for regulating schizophrenia to accounting problems in developing countries, having taken into consideration that accounting practices in these countries suffer from the two main symptoms (thought insertion or substitution, and will taken over and controlled by external forces) of the central syndrome of schizophrenia as a result of adherence to various foreign accounting influences. The proposed model comprised three interconnected processes: W case history, (ii) diagnosis which consists of preliminary examination and primary investigation, and (iii) treatment and management. it has the following advantageous characteristics: it is inductive and deductive, democratic and autocratic, comprehensive, systematic dynamic, and finally descriptive and prescriptive. It is believed by this writer that the attempt to develop the model should be accompanied by empirical study concerns with testing its applicability. The empirical study will be conducted in one of the developing countries, Egypt, because of the factors which will be discussed later. It has become apparent from the case history review that Egyptian accounting practices in the first studied period (from 1805 to 1956) suffered from accounting schizophrenia. In 1966, there was positive step for development with the issuing of the Egyptian unified accounting system which represents a reliable body of specialised knowledge for both the producers and users of accounting information. But there has been a long debate about the problems of the system because there is no diagnosis of them by empirical methods. Data for diagnosis process were collected through personal interview by structured questionnaire in the National Investment Bank in Egypt as a user of the information provided by the system. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the system does work but it suffers from some problems which affect the usefulness of the provided information. These problems have been classified into three categories: structural, organisational, and environmental. Many of them are believed to result from important causes deeply rooted in human elements. The treatment must start from this key problem; human elements. Since 1974, the open Door Policy has been adopted and there are many new foreign pressure groups. The rush step towards the adoption of international accounting standards may cause the recurrence of accounting schizophrenia. In order to avoid this recurrence the strategy of 'prevention is better than cure' must be followed.
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Ahmed, Mohamed Saber Mohamed Sayed. "Hydrological Approaches of Wadi System Considering Flash Floods in Arid Regions." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126791.
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Bibars, Iman Mohamed Diaa El Din. "Women in difficult circumstances : an assessment of the impact of social policy and welfare programmes on female heads of households in low-income urban Egypt." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287158.
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Björklund, Anna-Maria. "Egyptiska universitetsstudenters åsikter om det egyptiska utbildningssystemets förutsättningar att främja en demokratisk utveckling i Egypten." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24163.
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The purpose of this essay is to examine Egyptian university students´attitudes about the Egyptian education system´s ability to support a democratic process in Egypt. In order to carry out my study, scientific books and articles have been read and interviews have been made among Egyptian university students. The interviews contained questions about the Egyptian education system´s impact on the democratic process in Egypt and which impact the Egyptian education system has had on the Egyptian revolution. The conclusion drawn from my study is that Egyptian university students find the contemporary Egyptian education system based on authoritarian rules and with a lack of democratic values. The Egyptian university students believe that to establish democratic institutions in Egypt, the Egyptian citizens need a better understanding about democratic values. However, some of the students believe that the democracy that should be established in Egypt, must be based on Islamic values and to succeed with that, Islamic studies must play a greater part in the Egyptian education. When it comes to the Egyptian education system´s impact on the Egyptian revolution the Egyptian university students´opinions were somehow divided.
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Ahmed, Mohamed. "Students’ Exposure to Political News on the Internet and Political Awareness: A Comparison between Germany and Egypt." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-84412.
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The recent political events in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and Tunisia (2011) have confirmed the key role of social networks (SNSs), as well as online political news in supporting citizens with their self-determination. Furthermore, “changes in the media landscape present new challenges for scholars interested in the relationship between the media and civil society. Additionally, the explosion of the Internet that started in advanced democracies and has spread through much of the globe provides new and unexplored pathways for communication. Moreover, the inclusion of the Internet in the media environment raises new questions for citizens, politicians, researchers, journalists, and government” (Oates, Owen & Gibson, 2006, p. 1).
This study looks at the relationships between young people’s exposure to political news on the Internet and their political awareness. It develops and applies an index for political participation composed of several variables measuring political interest, discussion, knowledge, and participation. The survey among students in both countries was administered in Arabic and German, while the master questionnaire was developed in English. The survey was conducted between April and June 2010 in Egypt at Minia University and in Germany at Technical university of Dresden. The sample size was 1000 (500 in each country) students from several departments representing different academic fields: three departments of Engineering, three departments of Humanities and Social Science, and finally three departments of Natural Science.
The study’s main research question was: “What is the impact of students’ exposure to political news on the Internet on their political awareness and civic activities?” The researcher started from the hypothesis that heavy use of political news on the Internet is positively related to political awareness. A further research question aimed at gauging the role of intervening variables such as gender and field of study for the relationship between the use of political news on the Internet and the level of political awareness.
Results show that there is a positive relationship between using political online news and political awareness. German students’ political awareness for German students was higher than Egypt student’s political awareness (M=63.02, SD=15.65, comparing to M=45.72, SD= 17.65 for Egyptians).
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Ebeid, Yasser. "The acceptability of the Family Health Model, that replaces Primary Health Care, as currently implemented in Wardan Village, Giza, Egypt." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5489.
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Magister Public Health - MPHIntroduction: Health Sector Reform was initiated as a component of the Structural Adjustment Policies that were imposed on the developing countries by the international monetary organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank during the 1980s and the 1990s. It included three main components, that is, financing reforms, decentralization and introducing competition to the health sector. Changes to the Egyptian health system were introduced in the 1980s through the cost recovery projects, while the Health Sector Reform Program was announced in 1997. This culminated in a change from a Primary Health Care model to a Family Health Model as regards the Primary Health Care sector of the Egyptian health system. Changes in the health systems have profound effects on people, so that it is essential to study the ongoing transformation of the Egyptian health system and its implications. Aim: The aim of the current study was to determine the acceptability of the Family Health Model, which replaces Primary Health Care, as currently implemented in Wardan Village, Giza, Egypt. Methodology: The study was a cross sectional survey utilizing a structured questionnaire that was used to determine the awareness and perception/satisfaction of the community members in an Egyptian rural area (Wardan village, Giza Governorate) towards the transformation from primary health care to family health model. 357 subjects participated in this study. Results: Awareness of the study participants towards the transformation process was 15.6%. The overall satisfaction with the family health unit by the participants was 80.5% compared with 35.7% for the old PHC one. Higher satisfaction was associated with older age (p=0.02), less education (p<0.001), being married in the past or present (p=0.02), working status (p=0.007), and more years of using the unit (p<0.001). Acceptability of the family health model among the participants of the current study was high at 88.3%. Higher score of acceptability were associated with less education (p<0.001), being or have been married (p=0.048), and with working status (p=0.005). 93.8% of the participants think that family health unit services are accessible and 79.9% of the participants think that the family health unit provides quality services. Conclusion: The Family Health Model has achieved successes when implemented but encountered some difficulties that have limited the gains and interfered with some of its aspects. The current study has shown that the Family Health Unit has gained a high score of satisfaction and acceptability by the study participants, although the awareness of the study participants about the transformation of the Primary Health Care Model to a Family Health Model was low.
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El-Din, Howaida Gomaa Takey. "Adoption and implementation of information technology in Egypt : the influence of individual, innovation, organizational and environmental characteristics (the case of database management system)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423621.
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Hassan, M. A. M. M. "The factors which affect the information system needs for decision making in the hotel industry (A comparison study between the U. K. and Egypt)." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5296.
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This report contains evidence to show that the information provided by computers in the hotel industry, for the management work & decision making, has not changed too much since 1970. In most industries, the successful computer applications are clearly noticed in the routine work (clerical jobs) more than the management work (strategic & tactical jobs). As for the hotel industry the use of computers still comes at the back of the list. The hospitality characteristic of hotel work is the main reason why people and not machines are used Small hotels are different from large luxury hotels in using computers, mainly for economic reasons. Top managers are different from lower managers in using computers, simply for technical reasons (lack of management computer programmes). The British hotels are different from Egyptian hotels in applying computers and information technology successfully for reasons related to the influence of the managerial environment in each country. A comparison between hotels of the two countries shows the unsatisfaction of the hotel managers about the information they receive from their computer departments. The analysis of the management work, the identification of the decision making needs are still hard tasks for system analysts. The identification of both the managers' decisions & information needs is still not recognized, even by the managers themselves. The decision making approach is used in this study to identify both the managers' decisions & information needs and to evaluate the information systems available in the hotels of the two countries. The managerial environment of the country greatly influences the managers' decisions and system needs. This report outlines the background literature & approaches used to research this area. Use is made of the results of previous study done about Egyptian hotel industry and the factors which affect the success of the information systems there. Investigational work for the influence of the managerial environment in Egypt, over the structure of the marketing decision making process in the hotel industry is carried out. Areas for further ‘field’ research studies are highlighted.
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Selmanovic, Sandra. "Innovation policy transfer in developing countries : a comparative analysis of organisational schemes in the national innovation systems of Egypt and Morocco." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2015. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/579906/.
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The practice of forcing onto developing countries policies developed in other contexts assumes standardised paths to social and economic growth. These policies should enable rapid economic development by “correcting” local market inefficiencies, without considering the role these may have in preserving stability and preventing violence. Moreover, this approach does not address the compatibility of such policies with the culture, values and norms of the receiving country. The thesis aims at extending our understanding of success factors for policy transfer, focusing on organisational schemes for innovation support. It follows the pragmatic Research paradigm and adopts a deductive approach using mixed methods to study the link between administrative efficiency and innovation performance in developing countries, an under-researched area. This thesis argues that policies successfully implemented in culturally proximal contexts are more likely to lead to similar results in the receiving context. The results of the quantitative analysis indicate a strong relationship between administrative efficiency and innovation performance in low-middle income countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The performance of organisational schemes supporting innovation in the national innovation systems of Egypt and Morocco is qualitatively assessed on the basis of 72 face-to-face interviews with entrepreneurs, policy makers and academics. The research finds that similar organisational schemes have produced similar results in the two case studies, confirming the working hypothesis and supporting an approach to policy transfer based on “relevant” good practice.
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Färegård, Simon, Marko Miletic, and Schultz Erik von. "Prospects of Renewable Energy for the New City of El Alamein, Egypt : An Energy System Model using OSeMOSYS to obtain the most cost-efficient electricity production mix." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254405.
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With the motivation to mitigate the effects caused by one of humankind’s biggest challenges, climate change, the purpose of this minor field study was to examine the prospects of renewable energy technologies as part of a larger ambition to offer clean and affordable energy for all, in line with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The study was conducted for El Alamein in Egypt, a city under construction that will house four million residents. By combining a field study and an interview with literature search, the information needed for an energy system model was gathered. The modelling system OSeMOSYS was thereafter used to calculate the most cost-efficient electricity mix for the model period of 2020 to 2040, based on different scenarios and technologies. The total discounted cost and amount of emissions were thereafter compared between the scenarios, and the most cost-efficient scenario at reducing emissions was identified. Of the scenarios that were compared to the reference case, the one where 50 % of the electricity was produced from renewables in 2040 proved to be the most cost-efficient option. In addition, this scenario was also the most cost efficient at reducing emissions by a large margin. Regarding the renewable technologies, solar photovoltaics, which represented a majority of the renewable electricity production, was evidently the most cost-efficient technology as well as the one with the highest potential for future implementation, followed by onshore wind power. Moreover, concentrating solar power and waste to energy were proven to have a lower potential. The conclusions drawn were that the city of El Alamein could get a substantial part of its electricity from renewables and that solar PV was the best technology for that purpose. The final conclusion was that there might exist great potential for renewable energy in Egypt.Med ambitionen att försöka lindra konsekvenserna av vad som idag är en av människans största utmaningar, klimatförändringen, är syftet med denna minor field study att utvärdera förutsättningarna för förnyelsebara energitekniker i Egypten. Detta ligger i linje med en större ambition att erbjuda ren och prisvärd energi i enlighet med de globala hållbarhetsmålen. Fältstudien utfördes i Egypten och omfattade en ny stad under konstruktion, El Alamein, som förväntas hushålla fyra miljoner invånare. En fältstudie och tillhörande intervju kombinerades med en litteraturundersökning för att erhålla nödvändig information som sedan användes i modelleringen av energisystemet. Modelleringsverktyget OSeMOSYS användes för att erhålla den mest kostnadseffektiva energimixen för åren 2020 till 2040, baserat på ett flertal olika scenarier och tekniker. Den totala diskonterade kostnaden samt mängden utsläpp jämfördes mellan de olika scenarierna, och det mest kostnadseffektiva scenariot för att minska utsläpp identifierades. Av de scenarier som jämfördes med referensfallet, så var scenariot där förnyelsebara energitekniker stod för 50 % av elproduktionen år 2040 den mest kostnadseffektiva energimixen för att tillfredsställa behovet samt för att minska mängden utsläpp. Av de förnyelsebara energiteknikerna så visade sig solceller, som stod för en majoritet av den förnyelsebara produktionen, vara den mest kostnadseffektiva tekniken då den i samtliga förnyelsebara scenarier prioriterades av modellen. Därmed visade sig den vara den tekniken med högst potential för framtida implementationer, följt av landbaserad vindkraft. Koncentrerad solkraft i form av soltorn visade sig inte vara kostnadseffektiv då den inte bidrog till produktionen i något scenario. Avfallsförbränningen, som bidrog minimalt till energimixen, saknade tillgång till den mängd bränsle som hade krävts för att den skulle kunnat stå för en större andel av produktionen. Därmed konstaterades det att båda dessa teknologier hade en låg potential för framtida implementationer. De slutsatser som drogs var att staden El Alamein kunde få en betydande del av sin elektricitet från förnyelsebara energikällor samt att solceller var mest lämpad för det syftet då den var mest kostnadseffektiv. Utöver dessa så drogs slutsatsen att det kan finnas stor potential för förnyelsebar energi i Egypten.
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Daburon, Annabelle. "Propositions de construction territorialisée de business inclusifs laitiers à l’aide de la gestion de la qualité du lait. Une approche multi-scalaire à partir d’un cas d’étude égyptien." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0012/document.
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Des groupes agro-alimentaires se tournent vers les filières laitières artisanales pour assurer leur approvisionnement. De cette tendance émergent des business inclusifs (BI). Malgré l’engouement qu’ils suscitent auprès des acteurs du développement agricole, ils restent délicats à mettre en œuvre. Mais dans quelle mesure la coordination de ces BI relève de démarches inclusives ? Quelles sont les barrières à leur adoption et les conséquences sur leur durabilité? Un cas d’étude est analysé pour explorer ces questions, le projet DEEP (Danone Egypt Ecosystem Project). Initié en 2011 par le fond Danone Ecosystème, en partenariat avec Danone Egypte et l’ONG CARE, il promeut un business model réplicable de centres de collecte de lait (CCL) de vache auprès des petits producteurs, dans des coopératives agricoles publiques. Ce BI tente de sécuriser l’approvisionnement de la laiterie Danone et de contribuer au développement socio-économique des villages hôtes. Dans la thèse, un cadre analytique transdisciplinaire est élaboré ; la gestion de la qualité permet d’associer une approche chaîne de valeur (CV) et une approche système agroalimentaire localisée (SYAL). Des données socio-économiques sont collectées entre 2014 et 2016, individuellement et collectivement, auprès des acteurs directement ou indirectement impliqués dans ce BI. Si l’extrême diversité des activités, des objectifs et des ressources des acteurs qui « gravitent » autour du produit lait et du BI est mise en évidence, améliorer la qualité du lait semble être un but partagé. La distance et les asymétries de pouvoirs entre les partenaires limitent la promotion de stratégies répondant à la complexité et à la variabilité du contexte égyptien. Au dépend de la collaboration, des logiques d’intégration et de coercition s’installent dans la chaîne de valeur inclusive (CVI), pilotée en aval par l’entreprise avec l’ONG. Si la qualité sanitaire du lait fourni par les CCL s’améliore, la qualité compositionnelle se dégrade. L’entreprise rejette fréquemment les livraisons des CCL sans mécanisme de compensation et la CVI construite est fragile. Le BI est alors abordé en examinant l’évolution du SYAL laitier d’Halabeya. Après 6 années d’interventions, le CCL y est un acteur central des réseaux de collecte de lait. Il influence la qualité sanitaire via les institutions qui l’organisent (analyses de la qualité du lait, fixation des prix ou connaissances sur l’hygiène). La promotion d’un pôle concentrant l’offre de services agricoles pour les fournisseurs du CCL échoue. Une multitude d’entreprises familiales de proximité, organisées en réseaux spécialisés mais non coordonnés, l’assurent. Il semble que la généricité de la construction de CVI durable doive passer par la systématisation de processus de partenariat. En Egypte, une cellule de coordination villageoise pourrait être créée. Réunissant divers acteurs clef du SYAL, elle pourrait activer les ressources territoriales aux profits des habitants et du BI, en l’associant dans un comité de pilotage avec des représentants de l’état, de l’entreprise investisseuse et de l’ONG. Ce comité de pilotage s’attacherait à bâtir un business model adapté au territoire et aux besoins des partenaires, puis à piloter la CVI construite. L’utilisation de l’amélioration de la qualité du lait pourrait catalyser l’action collective. Par la sensibilisation des partenaires, l’implication de l’état, le recours à des facilitateurs et la possibilité pour les territoires de communiquer sur ces interventions, limiter les asymétries de pouvoir devient envisageable. Original par son utilisation de la gestion de la qualité comme un facteur d’inclusion, le cadre d’analyse permet d’aborder des échelles variées et plus ou moins distantes et pose les bases d’un cadre d’action favorisant la territorialisation des partenariats de BI. Ainsi, bâtir des CVI durables, c’est contribuer à l’émergence de territoires autonomes, voie prometteuse dans les pays du Sud comme du NordAgri-food companies turn to traditional dairy sector to ensure their supply of milk. Inclusivebusinesses (IB) have emerged from this trend. Despite the enthusiasm raised among the playersof agricultural development, such businesses remain difficult to implement. But to what extentdoes IB coordination fall into an inclusive approach? What are the obstacles to the adoption ofsuch processes and the consequences for their sustainability? A case study is analyzed to explorethese issues, the DEEP project (Danone Egypt Ecosystem Project). Initiated in 2011 by the DanoneEcosystem fund, in partnership with Danone Egypt and the NGO CARE, it promotes a replicablebusiness model of cow milk collection centers (MCC) in public agricultural cooperatives targetingsmall producers. This IB’s aims are to secure the sourcing of Danone’s dairy and to contribute tothe socio-economic development of associated villages. In this thesis, a transdisciplinary analyticalframework is developed; the quality management has been used to link a value chain (VC)approach and a localized agri-food system (SYAL) approach. Socio-economic data were collectedbetween 2014 and 2016, individually and collectively, directly or indirectly from the playersinvolved in this IB. While the extreme diversity of the activities, objectives and resources of actorsevolving around the milk product and the IB is highlighted, improving the quality of the milk seemsto be a common goal. Both the distance and the differences in power between partners limit thepromotion of strategies responding to the complexity and variability of the Egyptian situation.Logics of integration and coercion take place within the inclusive value chain (IVC) drivendownstream by the company with the NGO, to the detriment of collaboration. If the sanitaryquality of the milk provided by the MCC is improving, its compositional quality deteriorates. Thecompany frequently rejects deliveries from MCCs, without a mechanism for compensation, whichlead to the precarity of such built IVC. The IB is therefore discussed by examining the evolution ofthe dairy SYAL from Halabeya. After 6 years of interventions, the MCC became a central playerwithin the milk collection networks. It influences milk sanitary quality through the institutions thatorganize it (milk quality analyses, pricing or hygiene knowledge). The promotion of a hubdelivering agricultural services to MCC suppliers fails. Numerous local family businesses, organizedin specialized networks lacking of coordination, ensure it. It seems that the genericity of theconstruction of sustainable IVC must go through the systematization of partnership processes. InEgypt, a coordination cell in the village could be established. Bringing together various key actorsof the SYAL, this cell could activate the territorial resources in favour of the inhabitants and the IB,by associating it in a steering committee with representatives of the state, the investing companyand the NGO. This steering committee would work on building a business model adapted to theterritory and to the needs of the partners, before piloting the IVC built. Using milk qualityimprovement could catalyze the collective action. By raising awareness of partners, involving thestate, using facilitators and giving the capacity for the territories to communicate on theseinterventions, therefore limiting the differences in power becomes possible. Through its use ofquality management as an inclusion factor, the analytical framework allows approaching distantscales, and lays the foundations for an action framework fostering the territorialization of IBpartnerships. Therefore building sustainable IVCs go hand in hand with the emergence ofautonomous territories, a promising path towards the Southern countries as well as the Northern
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Rafla, Mona Helmy. "Cancer de la vessie avec schistosomiase : modeles pronostiques de recidive et leur evaluation." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077149.
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Legendre, Marie. "La Moyenne-Égypte du VIIe au IXe siècle : apports d’une perspective régionale à l’étude d’une société entre Byzance et l’Islam." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040164.
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Cette thèse propose une étude régionale des deux premiers siècles de l’Islam au cœur de la vallée du Nil. Elle se concentre sur la Moyenne-Égypte, plus précisément sur deux divisions administratives byzantines au moment de la conquête de l’Égypte par l’armée de ‘Amr b. al-‘Āṣ : celle de la capitale de la province de Thébaïde, Antinoé, et une de ses dépendances, la pagarchie d’Hermopolis Magna. Nous suivons dans cet espace les situations de contact entre conquérants et conquis au niveau local, entre les VIIe et IXe siècles, afin d’interroger l’évolution de ces deux catégories d’acteurs jusqu’à l’arrivée des Tulunides (868). Le corpus disponible pour cette étude est formé principalement par des papyrus arabes, grecs et coptes, alors que les sources littéraires s’intéressent très peu à la région. Ce riche ensemble documentaire permet de bien connaître la région et sa population à la fin de l’époque byzantine ainsi que de proposer un point de vue local sur l’histoire de la conquête. Un intérêt particulier est porté au développement d’une administration islamique locale née de la refonte du système régional byzantin en place au milieu du VIIe siècle. Au sein du développement de cette nouvelle structure administrative et provinciale au cours de la période umayyade, Antinoé perd tout statut administratif provincial. Elle prend le nom arabe d’Anṣinā, et Hermopolis celui d’Ašmūn(ayn). Cette dernière devient le principal échelon administratif de la Moyenne-Égypte islamique. En parallèle, nous pouvons suivre le développement d’une communauté musulmane de Moyenne-Égypte, impliquée à partir du VIIIe siècle dans l’administration et au cours de la période abbasside dans la propriété terrienne et dans la vie citadine et villageoise de la régionThis thesis offers a regional study of the two first centuries of Islam in the heart of the Egyptian Nile valley. It concentrates on Middle Egypt, precisely on the administrative divisions of the Byzantine system at the time of the conquest of Egypt by the armies of ‘Amr b. al-‘Āṣ (642) : the capital of the province of the Thebaid, Antinoe, and one of its dependencies, the pagarchy of Hermopolis Magna. Particular focus is given to the relationships between conquerors and conquered in this region between the 7th and the 9th century, the goal being to question the evolution of those two categories until the rise of the Tulunid dynasty (868). The sources available for this research are mainly non-literary papyri written in Arabic, Greek, and Coptic, as literary sources rarely express interest in this region. This rich documentary corpus allows us to examine in detail the administrative geography of the region and its population before the conquest and to offer a local point of view on the history of the conquest. Particular attention is given to the development of a new administrative and provincial structure during the Umayyad period in which the Thebaid is suppressed and Antinoe loses its place in the provincial structure of Egypt. It then appears under the Arabic name of Anṣinā and Hermopolis, as Ašmūn(ayn). The latter becomes the main administrative centre of Middle Egypt in the Islamic period and even supervises Anṣinā. In parallel, we can follow the development of the Muslim community involved in the administration of the region from the 8th century, in landholding and in city and village life in the Abbasid period
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Macêdo, Martina Bolz de Jesus. "Der Stand der Demokratisierung und der Herausbildung einer Zivilgesellschaft in Ägypten am Beispiel des Diskurses über die autochthone christliche Minderheit der Kopten." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16017.
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Die Meinungen über die Chancen einer Demokratisierung im Nahen und Mittleren Osten sind geteilt. Diese Arbeit versucht für Ägypten eine Einschätzung zu geben. Als bevölkerungsreichstes und eines der politisch bedeutsamsten Länder der Region könnte es eine Vorbildfunktion einnehmen. Die Dissertation untersucht an einem Fallbeispiel, den Ausschreitungen zwischen Muslimen und Christen in einem oberägyptischen Dorf 1999/ 2000, in welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß sich staatliche Akteure, religiöse Institutionen und die Bürger zum heiklen Thema der Gefährdung der Rechte von Minderheiten im öffentlichen Diskurs zu Wort melden und dabei das Kriterium des Pluralismus, im Sinne von Toleranz und Ablehnung von Gewalt, erfüllen. Pessimistische Stimmen versagen dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten insbesondere wegen der dort vorherrschenden Religion eine Reformierbarkeit der politischen Kultur und stigmatisieren den Islam als Demokratisierungshindernis. Diese Arbeit beobachtet jedoch, dass es empirisch bereits einige Merkmale gibt, die auf eine Zunahme von Pluralismus in der ägyptischen Gesellschaft hindeuten. Sie zeigt die Anzeichen für die Herausbildung einer freien Öffentlichkeit und einer Zivilgesellschaft auf, die langfristig auf die Konsolidierung von Demokratie und nicht auf deren Zerstörung hinarbeitet. Gleichzeitig ist diese Arbeit eine Art in Szene gesetztes, lebendiges „Who is who?“ der gegenwärtigen Minderheiten- und Menschenrechtsbewegung in Ägypten. 1The current status of democratization and civil society development in Egypt through the example of the discourse on the indigenous Christian minority of the Copts. Opinions regarding the chances of democratization in the Middle East are divided. The thesis attempts to give an evaluation in the case of Egypt. As the most populous and one of the politically most influencing countries of that region Egypt could take the function of a role model. The dissertation investigates, on the basis of a case study – the clashes between Muslims and Christians in an Upper Egyptian village in 1999/ 2000 - in what form and to what extent state actors, religious institutions and citizens take a stand in public discourse on the sensitive issue of endangering the rights of minorities and thereby meet the criteria of pluralism in the sense of tolerance and rejection of violence. Pessimistic voices deny the Middle East a reformability of its political culture particularly with regard to the predominating religion there and stigmatize Islam as an obstacle to democratization. This study however, shows empirically that there are already some indications that point towards an increase of pluralism in Egyptian society and towards the development of a free public sphere and a civil society that in the long term can lead to the consolidation of democracy and not to its destruction. At the same time this study is a kind of status report and “Who’s who?” of the current minority – and human rights movement in Egypt.
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Saeed, Sally Ibrahim Noby. "Aims of Egypt : Assessment of Governmental Mental Health System Egypt (2016-2017)." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/40174.
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RESUMO: O principal objetivo deste estudo é obter um conjunto de informações sobre o setor público do sistema de saúde mental no Egito, usando o WHO-AIMS. A obtenção destas informações, pela primeira vez no país, pode ajudar-nos a melhorar o sistema de saúde mental, permitindo uma avaliação inicial para acompanhar a mudança. Estas informações serão ainda úteis para o acompanhamento da implementação do plano de reforma, das políticas e de outras acções de saúde mental, incluindo as que são desenvolvidas nos serviços psiquiátricos gerais e especializados, e as que dizem respeito ao desenvolvimento de recursos humanos, ao financiamento de serviços de saúde mental, à investigação, à melhoria da qualidade e da promoção da saúde mental e às campanhas de consciencialização pública.. Os dados para este estudo foram colhidos em 2017 e referem-se ao ano de 2016.
O Egito tem um plano e uma legislação de saúde mental. O financiamento é maioritariamente destinado ao funcionamento dos serviços, à formação de profissionais e à disponibilização da medicação essencial. O tratamento, incluindo a disponibilização de drogas psicotrópicas, é fornecido gratuitamente pelo governo nos serviços de internamento e no tratamento ambulatório.
Este estudo sobre o sistema de saúde mental representa uma nova abordagem no país que se concentra na análise geográfica para medir a disponibilidade e a prestação de cuidados de saúde à população, podendo contribuir para uma melhor distribuição dos recursos.
Os maiores desafios incluem o facto do Plano de Saúde Mental no Egito ser aplicado nos hospitais de saúde mental afiliados ao Ministério da Saúde (setores governamental e privado), mas não nos hospitais universitários e nos hospitais militares. O facto da equipa do Ministério (Secretaria Geral de Saúde Mental e do Tratamento das Dependências), responsável pela implementação, ser reduzida face aos padrões internacionais, é outro desafio. No entanto, esta equipa continua a disponibilizar formação contínua para os profissionais.
Deverá existir uma melhoria dos programas de reabilitação na comunidade, que permitirá suportar os planos para a alta as pessoas com doenças mentais, facilitando a integração na comunidade e a continuidade de cuidados.ABSTRACT: The main goal of this study is to collect information about the governmental sector of mental health system in Egypt using the WHO-AIMS. Collecting this information for the first time in the country can help us improve the mental health system and provide a baseline for monitoring the change. It will also be useful to monitor progress in implementing reform plan, policies and mental health act, providing general and specialized Psychiatric services, monitor the human resource development, and mental health services financing, research, quality improvement, promotion of mental health and public awareness campaigns. Data for this study was collected in 2017 and based on the year 2016. Egypt has a mental health plan and mental health legislation should be regulates the services. Treatment, including the supply of psychotropic drugs is provided free by the government for inpatient and outpatient clinics. Explore of mental health services represents a type of new study that focuses on spatial analysis to measure the availability and delivery of health care to the population, and how to allocate resources. Current Mental Health act in Egypt applied on mental health hospitals affiliated to Ministry of Health (Governmental and Private sectors) but not applied on University Hospitals and Military Hospitals. The Numbers of all the health team is still less than the international standards; however General Secretariat of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment provide continuous training for mental health providers. There should be an improvement in the rehabilitation programs in the community that help discharged patients to merge normally in the community and post discharges follow up.
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Eldaly, Mohamed K. A., and M. Abdel-Kader. "An independent audit oversight system in a non-developed market: the case of Egypt." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8861.
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YesThis study aims to provide a better understanding of oversight the audit profession in Egypt, including its motivations, objectives and its working approach. Further, it reaches a better understanding of the Egyptian Big 4 partners’ perceptions of the new Audit Oversight Board (AOB). Previous studies have frequently examined the audit oversight system in developed countries (US and UK in particular), but little is known on how the system works on developing countries. We believe that facing different problems and challenges demands that audit regulators in developing countries follow different approaches in order to improve the quality of their audit markets. Lack of skilled auditors, lack of transparency and public accountability, and a high level of corruption are the main problems facing the audit profession in Egypt (Awadallah, 2006, Wahdan et. al., 2005: a). Our findings suggest that establishing an audit oversight board in Egypt has been motivated by the need to attract foreign investments and follow the global trend of auditing in developed countries. A number of legal changes are needed in order to improve the AOB’s efficiency.
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Ahmed, Mohammed Awad Ahmed [Verfasser]. "Geodynamic evolution and petroleum system of Abu Gharadig basin, north western desert, Egypt / vorgelegt von Mohammed Awad Ahmed Ahmed." 2008. http://d-nb.info/992543320/34.
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Ahmed, Mohamed. "Students’ Exposure to Political News on the Internet and Political Awareness: A Comparison between Germany and Egypt." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25931.
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The recent political events in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and Tunisia (2011) have confirmed the key role of social networks (SNSs), as well as online political news in supporting citizens with their self-determination. Furthermore, “changes in the media landscape present new challenges for scholars interested in the relationship between the media and civil society. Additionally, the explosion of the Internet that started in advanced democracies and has spread through much of the globe provides new and unexplored pathways for communication. Moreover, the inclusion of the Internet in the media environment raises new questions for citizens, politicians, researchers, journalists, and government” (Oates, Owen & Gibson, 2006, p. 1).
This study looks at the relationships between young people’s exposure to political news on the Internet and their political awareness. It develops and applies an index for political participation composed of several variables measuring political interest, discussion, knowledge, and participation. The survey among students in both countries was administered in Arabic and German, while the master questionnaire was developed in English. The survey was conducted between April and June 2010 in Egypt at Minia University and in Germany at Technical university of Dresden. The sample size was 1000 (500 in each country) students from several departments representing different academic fields: three departments of Engineering, three departments of Humanities and Social Science, and finally three departments of Natural Science.
The study’s main research question was: “What is the impact of students’ exposure to political news on the Internet on their political awareness and civic activities?” The researcher started from the hypothesis that heavy use of political news on the Internet is positively related to political awareness. A further research question aimed at gauging the role of intervening variables such as gender and field of study for the relationship between the use of political news on the Internet and the level of political awareness.
Results show that there is a positive relationship between using political online news and political awareness. German students’ political awareness for German students was higher than Egypt student’s political awareness (M=63.02, SD=15.65, comparing to M=45.72, SD= 17.65 for Egyptians).:Table of Contents:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II
ABSTRACT III
TABLE OF CONTENTS IV
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1 POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE LIFE OF YOUNG PEOPLE……………………………………………………………………………...8
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL COMMUNICATION 8
1.2. POLITICAL MEDIA USES AND EFFECTS IN THE LIFE OF YOUNG PEOPLE 10
1.3. THE ROLE OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNS 12
1.4. THE LITERATURE UP TO NOW IN THIS AREA 14
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS 18
1.5.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 18
1.5.2 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 18
CHAPTER 2: CHANGING COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE INTERNET AGE ……………..20
2.1 INTRODUCTION 20
2.2 INTERNET HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 20
2.3 STRUCTURE, FEATURES AND PHENOMENA OF THE INTERNET 23
2.3.1 MANY TO MANY COMMUNICATION 23
2.3.2 INTERACTIVITY 34
2.3.3 CREDIBILITY 28
2.4 SOCIAL NETWORK (SNSS) 30
2.4.1 SOCIAL NETWORK; DEFINITION, HISTORY, AND DEVELOPMENT 30
2.4.2 SOCIAL NETWORK (SNSS); USERS, CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES 32
2.4. 3 BLOGS 35
2.5 INTERNET USE 38
2.5.1 GENERAL TRENDS 38
2.5.2. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND –INTERNET USE 40
2.6. SOCIAL NETWORK AND POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION IN EGYPT 44
2.7 CONCLUSION 47
CHAPTER 3 POLITICAL AWARENESS AND RELATED CONSTRUCTS……….. 49
3.1 INTRODUCTION 49
3.2 POLITICAL COGNITIONS 50
3.3 POLITICAL INTEREST 51
3.4 POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE 52
3.4.1. MEASURING OF POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE 53
3.4.2 MEDIA USE AND POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE 54
3.5. POLITICAL EFFICACY 56
3.5.1 DEFINITION 56
3.5.2. MEASURINGOF POLITICAL EFFICACY 58
3.6. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 59
3.6.1. THE INFLUENCE OF MEDIA ON POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 61
3.6.2. MEASURING OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 62
3.6.3 VOTING 63
3.7. POLITICAL DISCOURSE 66
3.8. POLITICAL AWARENESS 67
3.8.1. CONCLUSION ON THE OPERATIONALIZATION 68
3.8.2. MASS MEDIA AND POLITICAL AWARENESS 70
CHAPTER4: THE POLITICAL AND MEDIA SYSTEMS IN GERMANY AND EGYPT 71
4.1. EGYPTIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM 71
4.2. EGYPTIAN MEDIA SYSTEM 72
4.2.1 HISTORY AND POLITICAL FRAMEWORK 72
4.2.2 THE EGYPTIAN PRESS 75
4.2.3. RADIO AND TV UNION 77
4.2.4 OTHER MEDIA OUTLETS 97
4.3. GERMANY MEDIA SYSTEM AND POLITICAL SYSTEM 81
4.4. GERMANY MEDIA SYSTEM 82
4.4.1 HISTORY AND POLITICAL FRAMEWORK 82
4.4.2 THE GERMANY PRESS 83
4.4.3. RADIO AND TV UNION 84
4.4.4. OTHER MEDIA OUTLETS 85
5.1. CONCLUSION 85
CHAPTER 5: METHODS ………87
5.1. SAMPLE 87
5.2. QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 88
5.3. FIELDWORK AND DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE 89
5.3.1 DEPENDENT VARIABLES 89
5.3.2. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (IV’S) 91
5.4. DATA ANALYSIS …92
5.5. VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF MEASURES.. 93
5.5.1 VALIDITY 93
5.5.2 RELIABILITY 94
CHAPTER 6: RESULTS COMPARING EGYPTIAN AND GERMANY UNIVERSITY STUDENT’S ….95
6.1 POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF MEDIA USE 95
6.1.1 POLITICAL FREEDOM 95
6.1.2 TECHNICAL ACCESS TO INTERNET 98
6.1.3 THE DIGITAL DIVIDE 98
6.2. GENERAL MEDIA EXPOSURE 101
6.2.1 TRADITIONAL OR NEW MEDIA PLATFORM? 102
6.2.2 WHERE AND WHEN DO YOUNG PEOPLE USE THE INTERNET? 104
6.3 EXPOSURES TO POLITICAL MEDIA CONTENT 106
6.3.1 ACCESSING POLITICAL INFORMATION ONLINE 107
6.3.2. THE AMOUNT OF ONLINE COVERAGE OF POLITICAL NEWS 109
6.3.3 CONFIDENCE AND ACCURATE PICTURE OF ONLINE POLITICAL NEWS 110
6.4 POLITICAL AWARENESS 111
6.4.1 POLITICAL INTEREST 111
6.4.2 POLITICAL DISCUSSION 113
6.4.3. POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE 113
6.4.4 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 116
6.5. INTERNET USE AND POLITICAL AWARENESS 119
CHAPTER 7: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION IN LIGHT OF THEORY AND HYPOTHESIS 126
8. RECOMMENDATIONS 129
9. REFERENCES 130
APPENDICES. 145
A/QUESTIONNAIRE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE 145
B/QUESTIONNAIRE IN GERMAN LANGUAGE 155
C/QUESTIONNAIRE IN ARABIC LANGUAGE 166
APPENDIX. D. AGREEMENT LETTER TO APPLY QUESTIONNAIRE IN EGYPT FROM CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS 175
APPENDIX. E. LIST OF TABLES 176
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Hokam, Essam Mohamed [Verfasser]. "Computer based expert system to optimize the water supply for modern irrigation systems in selected regions in Egypt / eingereicht von Essam Mohamed Hokam." 2002. http://d-nb.info/964676680/34.
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Van, Blerk Nicolaas Johannes. "The concept of law and justice in ancient Egypt, with specific reference to "The tale of the eloquent peasant"." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2447.
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This thesis discusses the interaction between the concepts of ”justice” (ma‛at) and ”law” (hpw) in ancient Egypt. Ma‛at, one of the earliest abstract terms in human speech, was a central principle and, although no codex of Egyptian law has been found, there is abundant evidence of written law, designed to realise ma‛at on earth. The king, as the highest legal authority, was the nexus between ma‛at and the law.
Egyptologists have few sources of knowledge about law and justice in ancient Egypt because the ancient Egyptians used commonplace language in legal documents and they only had a few imprecise technical terms relating to law. For Egyptology to advance, therefore, we need to reappraise its sources. The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant has a strong legal background and should be treated as an additional source of information about how law and justice were perceived and carried out in ancient Egypt.Classics and Modern European Languages
M.A. (Ancient Languages and Cultures)
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Gould, Dorianne Abra. "An interdisciplinary study of the creation of perceptual map layers for predictive modeling in a geographic information system (GIS) : a case study of the Roman roads in the eastern desert of Egypt /." 2001. http://www.cast.uark.edu/local/dagdiss/home.htm.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 2001.Title from title display on home page. "December 2001." Description of resource as of March 6, 2002. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on CD-ROM, with printed brochure describing the dissertation.